Nitra

Coordinates: 48°18′25″N 18°05′11″E

Nitra (Slovak pronunciation:  [ˈɲitra] ( listen); also known by other

alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, situated at the foot of Nitra
Zobor Mountain in the valley of the river Nitra. It is located 95 km east
City
of Bratislava. With a population of about 78,353, it is the fifth largest
city in Slovakia. Nitra is also one of the oldest cities in Slovakia; it was
the political center of the Principality of Nitra. Today, it is a seat of a
kraj (Nitra Region), and an okres (Nitra District).

Etymology
The first mention of Nitra dates back to the 9th century. The name of the
city is derived from the Nitra river. The name is Indo-European, but the
question of its pre-Slavic or Slavic origin has not been satisfactorily From the top, Panoramic view of Nitra,
answered. Nitra might be derived from the old Indo-European root St. Emmeram's Cathedral located within
neit-, nit- meaning "to cut" or "to burn" using a derivation element -r- the Nitra Castle precinct, Svätopluk
(see also slash-and-burn agricultural technique).[5] The same root is still Square
present in the Slovak verb nietiť (to make a fire), but also in other Indo-
European languages like Latin nitere (to burn) or in German schneiden
(to cut).[6] Another view to the origin of the name is related to the Latin
Novi-iter or Neui-iter meaning "new territory behind the limes".[7] The
hypothetical Latin name could be adopted by the Quadi and later by the
Slavs. Flag
Coat of arms
The first written records contain also suffix -ava (Nitrava). Particularly
in older literature, the suffix is interpreted as deriving from the Proto-
Germanic root *ahwa (water).[8] However, the suffix -ava can be found
also in numerous toponyms with a clearly Slavic origin and without any
relationship to rivers. Although, the existence of hydronym Nitrava
remains hypothetical[9] and all versions with the suffix are related to a
location, not a river. Thus, the form Nitrava can refer to a larger Nitra
property or territory around the river Nitra.[10] Both forms were
probably used concurrently and were recorded already in the 9th
century [5] (Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum: "in loco vocata
Nitraua", but in 880 "ecclesie Nitrensis").

The name in different languages includes Latin: Nitria; German: Neutra

( pronunciation ); Hungarian: Nyitra and Nyitria.
Location in Nitra Region
Show map of Nitra Region
History Show map of Slovakia
Show all
Coordinates: 48°18′25″N 18°05′11″E
Before the 5th century
Country  Slovakia
The oldest archaeological findings in Nitra are dated to around 25,000- Region Nitra
30,000 years ago. The locality has been inhabited in all historical First mentioned 828
periods in the last 5,000-7,000 years.[11] Several European Government
archaeological cultures and groups were named after important
 • Mayor Marek Hattas
archaeological discoveries in Nitra or near surroundings - Nitra culture,
Brodzany-Nitra group or Lužianky group of Lengyel culture. Area
The people of Madarovce culture had built the first fortification on  • Total 100.47[2] km2
Castle Hill by around 1,600 BCE. In the Iron Age, a large hillfort was (38.79[2] sq mi)
built on Zobor Hill and additional smaller hillforts on the Lupka Hill and Elevation 167[3] m (548[3] ft)
in Dražovce (700-500 BCE).[11] Several Celtic settlements are known
from the 5th-1st centuries. The Celts minted silver tetradrachms known Population (2021)
as coins of Nitra type and probably also built a hillfort in the locality Na  • Total 77,610[1]
Vŕšku.[11] In the Roman period (1st-4th centuries CE), the Germanic Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
tribe of Quadi settled in the area, which is also mentioned as their  • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
possible capital (396 CE). The largest Germanic settlement from the
migration period in Slovakia was unearthed in Nitra-Párovské Háje.[12] Postal code 949 01[3]
Area code +421 37[3]
Car plate NR
5th to 10th centuries
Website www.nitra.sk (htt
The first Slavs arrived to Slovakia at the end of the 5th and early 6th p://www.nitra.sk)
century.[13] The early Slavs settled mainly in the lowlands near the water
flows, the highest density of their settlements is documented just in the area
of Nitra.[14] As the Avars expanded to the territory of Slovakia in the later half
of the 7th century and early 8th century, the border between Slavic and
Slavo-Avaric territory moved toward Nitra. A biritual cemetery in Nitra-
Dolné Krškany lay on the northern border of mixed settlement area.[15]

The importance of Nitra for the Slavs began to grow in the 8th century and
thereafter it evolved to administrative centre of the wider region.[16] Nitra
became the center of the Principality of Nitra. Three of the eleven extant Nitra from Zobor
copies of the Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum contains a reference
to a church consecrated for Pribina in his domain called Nitrava. The
problem of Pribina's church and the dating of this event was addressed by numerous scholars, most of them have
no doubt about reliability of information and associates this event with Nitra.[17] In 833, Pribina was ousted by
the Moravian prince Mojmír I and both regions were united into the early medieval empire of Great Moravia.

In the 9th century, Nitra was one of the largest agglomeration in Central Europe.[15] The agglomeration
consisted of fortified centres and more than twenty non-fortified villages.[18] It spread out on a territory
exceeding the present town. The Slavs, Slovak ancestors, built a large castle (8.5 hectares) on Castle Hill,[19]
further important locations Na vŕšku and Martinský Vrch were probably also fortified.[20] Other hills, some of
them fortified already in prehistoric times, had guarding and refuge function. Surrounding villages were used as
an agricultural hinterland for princely retinue and for specialised production (jewellery production, forges,
pottery kilns, etc.). More than forty burial sites are documented on 20  km2.[21] In all burial sites, exclusively
inhumation rite (compliant with Christian belief) was practised, instead of cremation typical for earlier Slavs.[22]
The known necropolises with military equipment around the perimeter of the agglomeration probably belonged
to the settlements guarding access roads to the centre.[21]

The city reached its height during the reign of Svätopluk I. During his rule, the first known Christian bishopric in
Slovakia was established in Nitra in 880 (with Wiching as the bishop). The question of origin of Monastery of St.
Hippolytus (the oldest Benedictine Monastery in Kingdom of Hungary) has not been sufficiently answered yet.
Even if findings of ceramics documented a settlement in the location, its character is unclear.[23][24]

10th to 13th centuries

The development of Nitra was temporarily slowed down after the disintegration of Great Moravia.[25] However,
Nitra did not follow the fate of other prominent Great Moravian centres (Mikulčice-Valy, Pohansko, Staré
Město-Uherské Hradište), and until the 13th century it preserved its status as a prestigious centre. According to
older assumptions, Nitra should have been occupied by masses of Magyar (Hungarian) units, predictably
followed by significant destruction of the previous settlements.[26] However, later archaeological research does
not support this theory.[27] The extinction horizon (e.g. destruction by fire) is not documented for any known
settlement, and the continuity between the graveyards from different periods remained high.[28][29] In the 10th
century, the settlement structure was not affected by any observable destruction process or significant change in
the ethnic composition.[30] The continuity of Slavic settlements and economic infrastructure was preserved.[31]
Archaeological evidence pointing to an early presence of Magyars directly in Nitra has not been found yet, except
of the warrior grave in Nitra-Mlynárce[27][32] Paradoxically, their presence is documented north of Nitra
(Čakajovce) and from peripheral areas with more rural character, where they joined the majority Slavic
population.[27] Here, their members were buried together with the Slavs in common graveyards.[27][33] Later,
both cultures merged into the common Bijelo Brdo culture, with ethnic-specific attributes fading away.[27]

Political affiliation of the territory in the 10th and the early 11th century is unclear – the influence of Hungarian
Árpáds, Czech Přemyslids and Polish Piasts is being considered. Finally, Nitra became an integral part of the
Kingdom of Hungary and the seat of several Árpáds princes. The town survived the invasion of Mongols in 1241.
In 1248, Béla IV gave Nitra the privileges of a free royal town. In 1271–1272, Nitra was heavily damaged by the
Czech king Ottakar II. The raids also damaged the bishop's property and therefore, as compensation, Nitra was
put under his administration in 1288. The town lost its royal privileges and in the next centuries it was unable to
recover mainly because of frequent military conflicts.[34]

14th to 19th centuries

In the early 14th century, the town and the castle were damaged several times by Matthew III Csák. In the
conflict between the king and oligarchy the bishop of Nitra remained loyal to the king. In 1313, the king
confirmed bishopric privileges and extended them for the right to administer not only Nitra, but whole Nitra
County.[34]

The town became a target of Hussite attacks in the 15th century, at the time defended by Ispán of Nitra county,
Stibor of Stiboricz and later his son Stibor de Beckov.[35] After the Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Mohács in
1526 and subsequent Ottoman advances into the Hungarian territory, Nitra was under threat of Ottoman
attacks. In 1563, the town became the seat of the Captaincy of Lower Hungary. The Turkish forces failed to
capture the castle three times, before they conquered it in 1663. Habsburg troops under Jean-Louis Raduit de
Souches recaptured it on 2 May 1664 prior to the Battle of Léva. The Turks returned at the start of the Great
Turkish War and held the town until 1685.[36] The town was also affected by anti-Habsburg uprisings, from
Stephen Bocskay and Gabriel Bethlen uprisings in the 17th century to the Kuruc uprisings from 1703 to 1711, and
the town burned down in 1708 as a result of fights.[37] It was renovated in the 18th century in the Baroque style.
As a consequence of the Revolutions of 1848, Nitra was awarded an independent self-government for the first
time since 1288 and became independent from the Diocese of Nitra and its bishops.[38] Still an agricultural and
handicraft town, Nitra started to industrialize. Until World War I, distillery, agricultural machines factory,
brewery, dairy and other works were established. The first indirect connection to a railway was a road built in
1850 to the closest station in Trnovec nad Váhom.[39] The railway arrived to Nitra in 1876, when a connection
from Šurany was built. Later, lines were built to Topoľčany, Hlohovec and Nové Zámky. As a part of
Magyarization, from 1883 to 1919, Nitra was the seat of the Upper Hungarian Teaching Association (FEMKE), a
government-sponsored association whose main goal was to apply Magyarization policies on Slovaks.[40]

20th to 21st centuries

After World War I and in the atmosphere of postwar chaos and raising
anarchy, the Hungarian National Council in Nitra decided to negotiate with
the Czechoslovak Army, pushing out Hungarian military forces and police
from the territory of present Slovakia.[41] The Hungarian National Council and
the Town Council needed the Czechoslovak Army to restore public order, but
hoped that situation was only temporary and formally protested against the
"occupation" on 10 December 1918.[41] However, the town became a part of
Czechoslovakia. Nitra continued to be the seat of the Nitra county, until it was
dissolved in 1928. In 1933, Nitra played an important role in the Slovak Folk singers in Nitra, 1907
autonomist movement when the Pribina's Celebration (the anniversary of the
consecration of the first Christian church) turned to the largest demonstration
against Czechoslovakism.
After the break-up of Czechoslovakia in 1939, Nitra became a part of the First Slovak Republic and once again a
seat of Nitra county until 1945. The period of the First Slovak Republic was tragic for the numerous Jewish
population of Nitra, which was first victimized by the anti-Jewish law and then mostly exterminated in German
concentration camps (90% of Jewish citizens).[42] The city was liberated by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, for
only three years of restored democracy in Czechoslovakia.

Slovak historians believe that Nitra is the location of the oldest Slovakian Jewish community.[43]

The Communist period from 1948 to 1989 was marked by the oppression of the Catholic church, which has
traditionally had a strong presence in Nitra. Catholic seminaries, monasteries and other properties were
nationalized and converted to museums, schools and offices. This period experienced extensive growth, building
of housing projects and annexing of formerly independent villages. After the Velvet Revolution of 1989 and
dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Nitra became part of newly established Slovakia and became a seat of the Nitra
Region in 1996.

In 2008, the remains of Jozef Tiso—the controversial leader of the First Slovak Republic who collaborated with
the Nazis and was executed in 1947 as a war criminal—were exhumed from a Bratislava cemetery and reburied in
the canonical crypt of the Catholic Cathedral in Nitra.[44]

Geography

Topography

Nitra lies at an altitude of 190 metres (623  ft) above sea level and covers an area of 100.48 square kilometres
(38.8 sq mi).[45] It is located in the Nitra River valley in the Danubian Lowland, where the bigger part of the city
is located. A smaller part is located at the southernmost reaches of the Tribeč mountains, more precisely at the
foothill of the Zobor mountain 587 metres (1,926 ft). It is around halfway between Slovak capital Bratislava, 92
kilometres (57 mi) away and central Slovak city of Banská Bystrica, 118 kilometres (73 mi) away. Other towns in
the surroundings include Trnava to the west (53  km), Topoľčany to the north (35  km), Levice to the east
(42  km), and Nové Zámky (37  km) and Komárno (71  km) to the south. A national natural reservation called
Zoborská lesostep is located within the city's boundaries.

Climate

Nitra lies in the humid continental climate with four distinct seasons. It is characterized by a significant
variation between hot summers and cold, snowy winters. The city is located in the warmest and driest part of
Slovakia.
 Climate data for Nitra (1991−2020) [hide]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high 17.0 19.5 23.1 30.6 32.4 36.2 38.6 39.0 33.4 28.2 21.4 15.5 39.0
°C (°F) (62.6) (67.1) (73.6) (87.1) (90.3) (97.2) (101.5) (102.2) (92.1) (82.8) (70.5) (59.9) (102.2)

Average 2.6 5.4 11.0 17.6 21.9 25.7 28.0 27.7 22.2 15.7 9.0 3.3 15.8
high °C (°F) (36.7) (41.7) (51.8) (63.7) (71.4) (78.3) (82.4) (81.9) (72.0) (60.3) (48.2) (37.9) (60.4)

Daily mean −0.5 1.3 5.5 11.4 16.0 19.6 21.7 21.1 15.9 10.4 5.6 0.7 10.7
°C (°F) (31.1) (34.3) (41.9) (52.5) (60.8) (67.3) (71.1) (70.0) (60.6) (50.7) (42.1) (33.3) (51.3)

Average low −3.8 −2.6 0.6 5.0 9.5 13.0 14.6 14.6 10.3 5.9 2.3 −2.1 5.6
°C (°F) (25.2) (27.3) (33.1) (41.0) (49.1) (55.4) (58.3) (58.3) (50.5) (42.6) (36.1) (28.2) (42.1)

Record low −23.8 −19.9 −13.3 −6.9 −3.0 3.4 5.0 5.2 0.2 −9.3 −11.7 −20.5 −23.8
°C (°F) (−10.8) (−3.8) (8.1) (19.6) (26.6) (38.1) (41.0) (41.4) (32.4) (15.3) (10.9) (−4.9) (−10.8)

Average
32.8 28.9 32.9 36.3 59.3 59.1 64.6 54.6 58.1 46.1 44.9 41.6 559.2
precipitation
(1.29) (1.14) (1.30) (1.43) (2.33) (2.33) (2.54) (2.15) (2.29) (1.81) (1.77) (1.64) (22.02)
mm (inches)

Average
precipitation
6.9 6.5 6.2 5.7 8.0 7.3 7.2 6.4 6.4 6.5 8.0 7.1 82.2
days
(≥ 1.0 mm)

Average
9.9 7.2 4.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.5 7.5 33.2
snowy days

Average
relative 82.5 79.1 69.9 62.5 64.3 65.2 62.1 65.0 70.2 74.4 81.7 86.2 71.9
humidity (%)

Mean
monthly
63.7 103.2 158.1 222.6 263.2 273.7 289.7 283.5 196.4 140.8 73.0 51.8 2,119.7
sunshine
hours

Source: NOAA[46]

Main sights
Points of interest in the area include the Nitra Castle, the old town and the
adjacent hill, named Zobor, overlooking the city.

Notable religious structures located in Nitra are St. Emmeram's Cathedral in

Nitra castle, a Piarist church of St. Ladislaus and the adjacent monastery. The
oldest church of the city is the Saint Stephen church, which was built in the
11th-12th century, although the foundation of the building was constructed in
the 9th century.
Calvary hill in Nitra
The monastery on Piaristicka street was founded in the 13th-14th century. Its
dominant church of St. Ladislaus was later destroyed by a fire and
remodelled in 1742–1748 in baroque style. Two towers were also added. The main altar has a statue
ornamentation which the portraits of Saint Stephen and Ladislaus I of Hungary. The interior was renovated in
1940 and three modern frescos depicting themes from Slovak history of Nitra were created.

The old town (Staré Mesto) is dominated by the castle (Hrad), which is one of the most interesting ancient
structures in Slovakia. Archeological finding indicate that a large fortified castle had already stood here at the
time of Samo's Empire, in the seventh century. Archaeological findings prove the existence of a church from the
ninth century beneath the more recent Gothic St. Emmeram's Cathedral. The construction of the stone castle
began during the 9th century during the reign of the Prince of Nitra Svätopluk. The castle currently serves as the
seat of one of Roman Catholic bishoprics in Slovakia, which was founded in 880 as the first bishopric of western
and eastern Slavs, which continued its existence since then, with the break from the 10th century until around
1110.

The Dražovce church is a remarkable example of the early Romanesque architecture.

The Nitra Synagogue was built in 1908-1911 for the Neolog Jewish community. It was designed by Lipót
(Leopold) Baumhorn (1860–1932), the prolific Budapest-based synagogue architect. Located in a narrow lane,
the building is an example of Baumhorn's style. A mélange of Moorish, Byzantine and Art Nouveau elements, it
faces the street with a two-tower façade. The sanctuary is a domed hall supported by four pillars that also
support the women's gallery. After more than a decade of restoration by the municipality of Nitra, the building is
now used as a center for cultural activities. The women's gallery houses "The Fate of Slovak Jews" – Slovakia's
national Holocaust memorial exhibition. The Nitra Synagogue serves as a permanent exhibition space for
graphic works by the Nitra-born Israeli artist Shraga Weil.[47]

The most powerful medium wave transmitter of Slovakia, running on 1098 kHz, was situated in Nitra at Velke
Kostolany until recently. This transmitter could broadcast throughout all of Europe at night. Since 2003,
however, it has operated on lower output to save energy cost, and has transmitted regional programming only.

The Virgin Mary's mission house at the Calvary hill was built in 1765 for Spanish order of Nazarens. They were
taking care of the church and pilgrims. Later, the building served as an orphanage. In 1878-85 this building was
rebuilt in the Novoromanesque style and in 1925 one new floor was added to the building. The building as we
know it today is a work of Slovak architect M. M. Harminec. Nowadays the whole building is mission house of
The Divine Word Society.[48] The Mission museum of nations and cultures is located in this building.

Demography

Current

According to the 2011 census, Nitra has a population of 78,916. 89.3%

(70,447) citizens declared Slovak nationality, 1.8% (1,443) Hungarian, 0.7%
(521) Romani, 0.7% (520) Czech and 7.8% (5,330) did not specify any
nationality.[49]

Historical The Grand Seminary at Pribina's

Square
The demographics changed dramatically during the 20th century; in 1910,
from total population of 16,419: 9,754 (59.4%) were Hungarians, 4,929
(30.0%) Slovaks and 1,636 (9.96%) Germans - Jews are hidden under these nationalities. (According to the
Slovak Jewish Heritage Center the Jews made up a quarter of the total population and the vast majority of them
spoke Hungarian and were for census purposes not counted as a separate ethnicity in order to inflate the number
of Hungarians.) In 1940, Nitra was home to 4,358 Jews.[50]

Religion

The religious make-up was 66.1% Roman Catholics and 2.6% Augsburg Confession. Other denominations were
declared as less than 0.5% (per denomination).[51]

Economy
GDP per capita in 2008 for the whole Nitra region was €10,508, which was below Slovakia's average
(€12,395).[52] Nitra's enterprises were brewery, grain mill, food processing plants and other food-related
industries. In the new free trade economy after 1989, and after entering European Union and Euro currency club
only the wine bottling plant is left. Out of the factories started under the communist regime 1948–1989, the
plastic processing plant is still doing well. The most prevalent industries are electronics and car parts,
concentrated in the new business park. The city plans to have in 2011 a balanced budget of 42 mil€. .[53]

The flight operator Aero Slovakia has its head office on the grounds of Nitra Airport.[54]

Government
The city is governed by mayor (Slovak: primátor) and the city council (Slovak: mestské zastupiteľstvo). The
mayor is the head of the city and its chief executive. The term of office is four years. The current mayor is Marek
Hattas. The city council is the legislative body, with 31 council members.

The city is divided into 13 urban districts (boroughs): Dolné Krškany, Horné Krškany, Staré Mesto, Čermáň,
Klokočina, Diely, Párovské Háje, Kynek, Mlynárce, Zobor, Dražovce, Chrenová and Janíkovce.

Education
Nitra is the seat of two universities: University of Constantinus the Philosopher, with 13,684 students, including
446 doctoral students.[55] and of the Slovak University of Agriculture, with 10,297 students, including 430
doctoral students.[56] The city's system of primary education consists of 14 public schools and three religious
primary schools, enrolling in overall 6,945 pupils.[57] Secondary education is represented by five gymnasia with
3,349 students,[58] 8 specialized high schools with 3,641 students,[59] and 5 vocational schools with 3,054
students.[60][61] Schools in the city include the United Catholic School.

Nitra used to be the site of the Jewish school Yeshiva of Nitra, the last surviving yeshiva in occupied Europe
during World War II, associated with famous rabbis Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl and Shmuel Dovid Ungar.
The yeshiva was moved to Mount Kisco, New York, US, after the second world war, where it still exists.

Transportation
Nitra is connected to Bratislava, Trnava, Žiar nad Hronom, Zvolen and Banská Bystrica by a freeway (E58).
There are also first-class road connections to Topoľčany, Zlaté Moravce (labelled as "Highway of Death"),[62]
Vráble and Nové Zámky.

The Nitra railway station forms part of the railway line between Nové Zámky/Šurany and Prievidza, which
passes through Nitra, but is not a main line. There is a railway junction a short distance north of the town,
connecting the city with Leopoldov, Topoľčany and Radošina. Nitra has one train connection with Prague via
Piešťany, Trenčín, Uherský Brod, Olomouc and Pardubice. This connection is operated by Arriva (AEx).

Nitra also has its own recreational airfield; it hosts the factory of the Aeropro Eurofox ultralight. However, the
closest international airport is Bratislava Airport.

Local public transport is based on buses with 28 lines, covering the whole city, as well as extending to the
neighbouring municipalities of Lužianky, Nitrianske Hrnčiarovce, Štitáre, Ivanka pri Nitre and Branč (as of April
2016).[63]

Localities
Horné Krškany[64]

Culture
Nitra is home to several museums and galleries. The Museum of the Nitra Region supervises collection objects
on several fields (Archaeology, Ethnography, Numismatics, Geology and Zoology).[65] Since 1993, it has also an
exhibition of the most precisious artifacts discovered by the Archeological Institute in Nitra. The exhibition
contains more than 2,200 gold, silver and other objects,[66] among them
golden-plated plaques from (pre-)Great Moravian hillfort Bojná. The
Diocesan Museum of the Nitra Diocese on the Nitra Castle exhibits the
facsimile of documents and archaeological discoveries closely connected to
the origin of Christianity in Slovakia, including the oldest manuscript from
the territory of Slovakia (the Nitra Gospel Book, 1083).[67] Open-air museum
"Osada Lupka" is a reconstruction of Slavic village from early Middle Ages.
The Slovak Agricultural Museum specializes on the history of agriculture and
is the only one of its kind in Slovakia. The museum has also open-air
exposition (skanzen). The Mission Museum of Nations and Cultures exhibits The Andrej Bagar Theatre, with the
objects from missionary activities. The Museum of Jewish Culture in the Nitra Castle in the background
synagogue presents culture and history and has a permanent exposition
dedicated to the Holocaust.

There are two theaters in Nitra: the Andrej Bagar Theatre (Divadlo Andreja
Bagara) and the Old Theatre of Karol Spišák (Staré Divadlo Karola
Spišáka)[68] (Karol Spišák Old Theatre). The Nitra Amphitheater is one of the
largest in Slovakia.

Nitra's main arts museum is the Nitra Gallery.[69] Another popular gallery is
The Foyer Gallery, a part of the Old Theatre of Karol Spišák. A permanent
exhibition of prestigious Jewish painter Shraga Weil is installed in the
Exhibition Hall of the Nitra Synagogue.[70]

Nitra is the home town of popular Slovak music bands Gladiátor, Horkýže
Slíže, Desmod, Zoči Voči and Borra.

Sport
The Nitra Synagogue
The city's football team is FC Nitra, founded in 1909.

Nitra hosted the final tournament of the 2019 rink bandy league.[71]

Famous people
Svatopluk I (830–894), Prince of Nitra, King of Great Moravia
Pribina (?–861), Prince of the Nitra and Balaton principalities
Svatopluk II (?–906), Prince of Nitra
Koceľ (c.833–c.876), Prince of the Balaton Principality
Saint Bystrík (?–1046), Bishop of Nitra Štadión pod Zoborom
Béla I of Hungary (1016–1063), duke of Nitra, king of Hungary
Stibor of Stiboricz (1348–1414) – Ispán of Nitra
János Bottyán (1643–1709), Hungarian kuruc general
Tamás Esze (1666–1708) Hungarian kuruc leader died here in 1708
Imre Erdősi (1814–1890), Hungarian Piarist friar and teacher
Vilmos Fraknói (1843–1924), Hungarian historian
Béla Bangha (1880–1940), Hungarian politician was born here
Oszkar Grosz (1896–1968), Shipowner in England
Juraj Kolník (1980–), professional ice hockey player
Anton Lehmden (1929–2018), painter, draughtsman, and printmaker
Branislav Mezei (1980–), professional ice hockey player
Ľubomír Moravčík (1965–), football player
Zita Pleštinská, maiden name Kányaiová (1961-), member of the European Parliament
Ottokár Prohászka (1858–1927), Hungarian Roman Catholic theologian and Bishop of Székesfehérvár
 Shmuel Dovid Ungar (1886–1945) the rabbi of Nitra and dean of the Nitra Yeshiva
Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl (1903–1957) a rabbi who became known for his efforts to save the Jews of
Slovakia during the Holocaust
Ernest Horniak (*1907 – † 1979), SDB, Roman Catholic priest end religious prisoner (sentenced to 12 years
in prison).[72]
Pavol Hrušovský (1952–) Deputy Speaker of the National Council of the Slovak Republic
Štefan Ružička (1985–), professional ice hockey player
Miroslav Stoch (1989–), professional football (soccer player), currently signed with Fenerbahçe S.K.
Jozef Stümpel (1972–), professional ice hockey player
Boris Valabik (1986–), professional ice hockey player
Július Strnisko (1958–2008), Olympic Wrestler.

Twin towns — sister cities

Nitra is twinned with:[73]

Bački Petrovac, Serbia Naperville, United States

České Budějovice, Czech Republic Osijek, Croatia
Gosford, Australia Spišská Nová Ves, Slovakia
Gyeongju, South Korea Veszprém, Hungary
Kroměříž, Czech Republic Zielona Góra, Poland
Zoetermeer, Netherlands

Gallery

Nitra Castle City hall Pribina's statue Nitra

Zobor Mountain The Nitra river Štefánik street

References

Notes
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2. "Hustota obyvateľstva - obce [om7014rr_ukaz: Rozloha (Štvorcový meter)]" (http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/vi
ew/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_00_00_sk). www.statistics.sk (in Slovak). Statistical Office of
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4. "Hustota obyvateľstva - obce" (http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_
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5. Ondruš 2000, p. 15.
6. Ondruš 2000, p. 14.
7. Hladký 2008, p. 78.
8. Závodný 2008, p. 48.
9. Hladký 2008, p. 79.
10. Závodný 2008, p. 50.
11. Ruttkay & Veliká 1993, p. 27.
12. Ruttkayová & Ruttkay 2012b, p. 4.
13. Fusek 1994, p. 93.
14. Ruttkayová & Ruttkay 2012a, p. 12.
15. Ruttkayová & Ruttkay 2012a, p. 13.
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External links
Nitra.sk (http://www.nitra.sk) – Official Website

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitra&oldid=1171379709"