Formula Leibniz-Newton

E1(pag.208) Să se calculeze

0 integralele
0 definite
0 folosind formula lui Leibniz-Newton:
Z 0
  
a) (3x2 − 4x + 2)dx = x3  − 2x2  + 2x = 1 + 2 + 2 = 5
Z−1−1 −1 
4 −1
−1
−1
−1 

3 2 x  
3
−1
2
b) (2x + 3x − 6x)dx =  + x  − 3x  =
−2 2 −2 −2 −2
= 2 − 8 + (−1 + 8) − (3 − 12) = 17
1


2
Z 1
2
c) (1 − 2x)5 dx
0
Calculăm o primitivă:
t6
Z
1
1 − 2x = t ⇒ dx = − 12 dt ⇒ I(t) = − t5 dt = − + C
2 12
Z 1 6
1
2 (1 − 2x)  2 1
Atunci (1 − 2x)5 dx = − =
0 12 
0 12!
5 1 5 1
Z 1 
√ √3
 x 2  x 3 

2 3

d) 2
5 x x − x dx = 5 5  − 5  = 5 − = 2 − 3 = −1
0 2 0 3 0
5 5
√ 64
Z 64  64
√
 
1 1 
e) √ +√ 3
dx = 2 x  + 3 x = 16 − 2 + 12 − 3 = 23
3

1 x x2  
Z √3 √31 1
√
1 1 x  1 3 π
f) 2
dx = arctan  = arctan =
0 x +9 3 3 0 √ 3 3 18
Z 2√3 2 3 √
1 1 x  1 3 π
g) 2
dx = arctan = arctan =
x + 36 6 6  6 3 36
Z0 3   30
1 1  x − 4 
  1 5
h) 2
dx = ln  = ln
1 x − 16 8 x + 4 1 8 21
 

E2(pag.208) Să se calculeze integralele următoare:

Z π π
6 6 1
a) cos xdx = sin x =
0 π 2 √
Z0 π
3 3 3−1
b) sin xdx = − cos x =
π π 2
Z 6π Z6 π π
2 x x 2 2
c) 2 sin cos dx = sin xdx = − cos x = 1
2 2
Z0 π 0
Z π 0 π
√
4 1 4 1 4
d) 2 x π dx = 4 2 dx = −4 cot x  = −4 + 4 3
π sin 2 cos2 2 π sin x  π
Z 62π 6
Z 2π 2π 6

cos2 3x + sin2 3x dx =


e) dx = x = π
Z π2π  Z 2π π π 
x  2π
f) 1 − 2 sin2 dx = cos xdx = sin x = 0
2
Zπ π Z π π π π
4 1 4 1 4
g) 2 dx = 2
dx = tan x  =1
0 1 − sin x 0 cos x

0 π
Z π Z π
3 1 − cos2 x 3 √
 = 3− π
3
2
h) tan xdx = 2
dx = (tan x − x)
0 0 cos x 
0 3

E3(pag.208) Să se calculeze următoarele integrale:

1
 Z √
3
√3
1 x  1 π
a) √ √ dx = arcsin √  √ = arcsin 1 − arcsin = ;
3 3−x 2 3 23 2 3
Z 23 3 √
1  √   √ √ 3 + 2 2
b) √ dx = ln x + x2 − 1  = ln(3 + 2 2) − ln(2 + 3) = ln √ ;
 
2
x −1 2+ 2
Z 24 √
2
4
1   
c) √ dx = ln x + x2 + 9  = ln 3;
2
x +9
0 0
Z 3
1  √  3
d) √ dx = ln x + x2 + 16  = ln 2.
0 x2 + 16 0

A1(pag.208) Să se calculeze integralele folosind formula lui Leibniz-Newton:

Z 1 Z 1 1
2 1 1 2 1 1  = π;
2
a) 2
dx = 2 1 dx = arctan 2x
4x + 1 4 0 x +4 2  8
Z0 1 Z 1  3 0 1
1 1 1 1  x − 2   1 1 1
b) dx = dx = ln = ln = − ln 5;
2
0 4x − 9 4 0 2 9 12  x + 3   12 5 12
x − 2 0
4
Z 3√ √
Z 3  √3
6 1 1 6 1 1 6 π
c) √ dx = q dx = arcsin 3x = ;
0 1 − 9x2 3 0 1
− x2 3 0 9
9
Z 1 Z 1 ! 1
√
r
2 1 1 2 1 1 1  = 1 ln(1 + 2).
2
d) √ dx = q dx = ln x + x2 +
0 4x2 + 1 2 0 x2 + 14 2 4 0 2

ZA2(pag.208)
1
Să se verifice egalităţile:
√
x
a) 2
dx = ln 2;
0 √x + 1
4
Z e2 −1
x3 1
b) 4
dx = ;
x +1 2
Z 0√7
x
c) √ √ dx = 1;
2
x +2
2
√
Z 5
x
d) √ dx = 1;
0√ 9 − x2
Z 2
x π
e) √ dx = ;
16 − x4 12
Z 0− ln √2 x
e π
f) √ dx = .
− ln 2 1 − e2x 12
ZRezolvare.
1 √
1 1 (x2 + 1)′
Z
x 1 2
1
a) dx = dx = ln(x + 1)  = ln 2
0
x2 + 1 2 0 x2√+ 1 2
Z0 √ 4 2 Z 4 e2 −1 4
e −1
x 3
1 (x + 1) ′
1 √
 e −1 = 1 ;
4 2
4
b) dx = = ln(x + 1) 0
x4 + 1 4 x4 + 1 4 2
Z 0√7 Z √7 0 2 ′ √ √
x (x + 2)  7
c) √ √ dx = √ √ dx = x2 + 2√2 = 3 − 2 = 1
2
x +2 2
2 2 2 x +2
Z √5 Z √5 √5
x (9 − x2 )′ √ 
d) √ dx = − √ dx = − 9 − x2  = −2 + 3 = 1
0 9 − x2 0 2 9 − x2 0
Z √2 Z √2 2 ′
√2
x 1 (x ) 1 x2  1 1 π
e) √ dx = p dx = arcsin  = arcsin =
0 16 − x 4 2 0 16 − (x ) 2 2 2 4 0 2 2 12

2
 − ln
√
2
− ln √2 √
ex
Z
 2 1 π π π
f) √ dx = arcsin(ex ) = arcsin − arcsin = − =
− ln 2 1−e 2x
− ln 2 2 2 4 6 12

A3(pag.209) Să se verifice egalităţile:

Z √3 √
14
a) 2x x2 + 1dx = ;
Z0 3 √ 3
b) x 9 − x2 dx = 9;
Z 0π √
2 2
c) cos x sin xdx = ;
Z0 e 3
dx π
d) p dx = ;
2 6
Z 1e x√ 4 − ln x
1 3 3
e) ln xdx = .
1 x 4
Rezolvare.
√ √3
Z 3 √ Z √3
1 2 3 16 2 14
a) 2x x2 + 1dx = (x2 + 1) 2 (x2 + 1)′ dx = (x2 + 1) 2  = − =
3 3 3 3
Z0 3 √ 0
Z 3 0 3
1 1 1 2 3
b) x 9 − x2 dx = − (9 − x2 ) 2 (9 − x2 )′ dx = − · (9 − x2 ) 2  = 9
2 0 2 3
Z 0π √ Z π π 0
2 2 1 2 3 2 2
(sin x) 2 (sin x)′ dx = (sin x) 2  =

c) cos x sin xdx =
3 0  3
Z0 e Z0 e
dx dx ln x  π
d) p dx = p · (ln x)′ = arcsin =
2
4 − ln2 x 2 1 6
Z 1e x√ 4 − ln x Z e

e
1 3 1 3 4 3
e) ln xdx = (ln x) 3 (ln x)′ dx = (ln x) 3  =
1 x 1 4 1 4

A4(pag.209)
Viteza unui punct material variază ı̂n funcţie de timp după legea v(t) = 0, 01t3 (m/s). Ce
drum parcurge punctul ı̂n 10 secunde?
Rezolvare. Z t
′
Avem v(t) = S (t) ⇒ S(t) = v(x)dx. Atunci spaţiul parcurs ı̂n 10 secunde este
0

10 10
10
1 x4 
Z Z
3 1 10000
S(10) = v(x)dx = 0, 01x dx = ·  = · = 25 metri
0 0 100 4 0 100 4