SAUDI ARABIA CULTURE

Grade: 7
Topic: Unit-3 L-1 The Formation of oil
L-2 How do scientists discover oil?

I. Fill in the blanks

1. Oil and Gas cannot escape anywhere as the layers that encase the reservoir are non-
absorbent.
2. Reshaped structure of the deposits are called Crude oil and natural gas.
3. The dead matter is called Fossils.
4. The dead matter are covered with Sand and mud over the years
5. Sediment is naturally occurring substance that is broken down by the process of
weathering and soil erosion.
6. Asphalt is derived from petroleum.
7. An expert or a student of geology is known as geologist
8. Millions of years ago a shallow warm sea covered the Landmass of Arabia.
9. A continent or other large body of land is called Landmass.

10.The oil and gas has been held underground in reservoirs.

11.Oil and gas is held in reservoir unit discovered by geologists and geoscientists.
12.Oil was found millions of years ago before it was out of the ground.

II. Answer the following questions

1. When was oil formed?
ANS: Oil was formed millions of years ago.

2. How is crude oil and natural gas formed?

ANS: As the plants and animals that lived in the sea died, their remains sank to the
sea floor. This dead matter decayed and was covered by sand and mud. Layers of
further deposits then covered the sediments, producing great pressure and heat on the
organic remains, sand and mud. This process over a million of years reshaped the
structure of deposits and produced the substances crude oil and natural gas.
 3. What are fossils?
ANS: Dead and decaying matter are called fossils.

4. What are sediments?

ANS: Sediments are naturally occurring material that is broken down by process of
weathering and erosion.

5. What are reservoirs?

ANS: Reservoirs are underground chambers holding oil and gas in place, deep under
the earth’s surface.

6. Why oil and gas cannot escape anywhere?

ANS: The oil and gas cannot escape anywhere as the rock layers that encase the reservoir
are impermeable and non-absorbent. The oil and gas is then held in here until discovered by
geologists and geoscientists.

7. Why the oil is called crude oil?

Ans: Over millions of years the remains of these plants and animals were crushed
and heated between the layers of rock and sand until they became underground pools
of oil. We call this oil as ‘crude oil’ because it is not yet refined for use.

8. How is crude oil refined?

Ans: The crude oil is heated by a furnace and sent to a distillation tower where it is
separated by boiling point. Then the material is converted by heating pressure or
catalyst into finished products including the fuels like gasoline, diesel and specialty
products like asphalt and solvents.

10. How do scientists discover oil in ancient period and modern era?
Ans: Many years ago, when technology was not as advanced as it is today, scientists had
looked to the rocks for clues of oil deposits.
Nowadays, much more advanced technology is used including satellites and special
equipment which can produce image on a screen are used. The ground is surveyed using
special equipment which tells the scientists which shape the land is they are looking at.
These findings are then put into a computer so that the scientists can look to see if there is
oil beneath the surface.
Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the refining process.