SAUDI ARABIA CULTURE

Grade: 7
Topic: Unit-3 L-1 The Formation of oil
L-2 How do scientists discover oil

I. Answer the following:

1. How do scientists discover oil in ancient period?

Ans: Many years ago, when technology was not as advanced as it is today, scientists had
looked to the rocks for clues of oil deposits.

2. How is the technology used to discover oil and gas?

Ans: Nowadays, much more advanced technology is used including satellites and special
equipment which can produce images on a screen. The ground is surveyed using special
equipment which tells the scientists what shape the land is they are looking at; these
findings are put into a computer so that the scientists can look to see if there is oil beneath
the surface.

3. Why oil and gas cannot escape anywhere?

Ans: The oil and gas cannot escape anywhere, as the rock layers that encase the reservoir
are impermeable or non- absorbent. The oil and gas are then held in here until discovered by
geologists and geoscientists.

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Oil and Gas cannot escape anywhere as the layers that encase the reservoir are non-
absorbent.
2. The reshaped structure of the deposits are called Crude oil and natural gas.
3. The dead matter is called Fossils.
4. The dead matters are covered with Sand and mud over the years
5. Sediment is naturally occurring substance that is broken down by the process of
weathering and soil erosion.
6. Asphalt is derived from petroleum.
7. An expert or a student of geology is known as geologist
8. Millions of years ago a shallow warm sea covered the Landmass of Arabia.
9. A continent or other large body of land is called Landmass.
 10.The oil and gas have been held underground in reservoirs.
11.Oil and gas are held in reservoir unit discovered by geologists and geoscientists.
12.Oil was found millions of years ago before it was out of the ground.
13.A place where something is kept in store is known as Reservoirs.
14.Surveyed can be defined as to examine.
15.Advanced technologies such as satellites and special equipments are used to
produce images on screen.

III. Answer the following questions

1. When was oil formed?
2. How is crude and natural gas produced?
3. What are fossils?
4. What are sediments?
5. What are reservoirs?
6. Why is oil and gas impermeable and non-absorbent?
7. Why the oil is called crude oil?
Ans: Over millions of years the remains of these plants and animals were crushed
and heated between the layers of rock and sand until they became underground pools
of oil. We call this oil as ‘crude oil’ because it is not yet refined for use.
8. How is crude oil refined?
Ans: The crude oil is heated by a furnace and sent to a distillation tower where it is
separated by boiling point. Then the material is converted by heating pressure or
catalyst into finished products including the fuels like gasoline, diesel and specialty
products like asphalt and solvents.
9. Define Impermeable
Ans: Not letting liquid or gas to pass through. Having the capacity to retain
something. Non-absorbent.
10. Define Deposits
Ans: A natural underground layer of rock ,coal or other material. A layer or mass of
accumulated matter.
11.Name few oil producing countries.
Draw a neat and labelled diagram of Crude oil refining process.