Introduction to the Energy

System
 Energy system

⚫ The chain of systems or activities required to ensure

supply of energy is known as the energy supply
system.
⚫ The supply system is made up of
- the supply sector,
- the energy transforming sector and
- the energy consuming sector.
 Energy system

⚫ The supply involves

- indigenous production,
- imports or exports of fuel and
- changes in stock levels(either stock pileup/ drawdown)
⚫ Transformation converts Different forms of
primary energies to secondary energies for ease of
use by consumers.
- Transformation processes normally involve a
significant amount of losses.
 Energy System

⚫ Consumption Sector involves:

- Residential sector
- Commercial sector
- Industry sector
- Agriculture sector
- Transport sector
 Supply Sector

First step:

1. Exploration,
2. Development and
3. Production of fuel (s) constitute the first step.

A variety of exploratory techniques are used to identify

the location of the resource but drilling a hole only can
confirm the existence of the stock. Upon confirmation of
the economic viability and technical feasibility of
extraction of the stock, the field is developed and
production follows.
 Supply Sector

Second Steps:
1. Cleaning,
2. Beneficiation and
3. Processing to make it usable.
Cleaning and beneficiation processes are used to
remove impurities using simple cleaning processes.
The fuel is then transported to the centers of
conversion or use. Most forms of energies cannot be
used as such and require processing (e.g. crude oil
to petroleum products).
 Transformation

⚫ Depending on consumers’ demand, fuels also

undergo conversion processes to convert them in
preferred forms (e.g. to electricity).
⚫ Conversion involves a significant amount of energy
losses.
 Consumer Sector

⚫ Final consumers use energy for various purposes.

⚫ Normally these are the end- users who cannot sell or
transfer the energy to others.
⚫ These consumers are grouped into different broad
categories: industrial, transport, residential,
commercial, and agricultural
Energy Block Diagram
 Energy System Loss

⚫ Example: A person wants to travel 10 km in a car

which uses one liter of fuel per 10 km.
Transportation of fuel from refinery to the user
involves a 5% loss. The refinery operates at an
efficiency level of 95% and produces 30% gasoline
from the crude oil it uses. The crude oil recovery rate
from the national fields is 20% at present. How
much crude oil is required to complete the distance?
 Energy Syatem Loss

Solution:
⚫ Solution: As the car requires a litre of oil per 10 km, one
litre of oil needs to be put in the car. To supply this
amount of oil, the refinery needs to produce = 1.05 of oil.
⚫ The input requirement of the refinery is = 1.05/0.95 =
1.10.
⚫ As 30% gasoline is produced from the crude, the crude
requirement is = 1.10/0.3 = 3.68.
⚫ To produce 3.68 of crude, 18.4 of crude oil has to be
found (=3.68/0.2).
⚫ This shows the importance of efficiencies at
various stages in the energy chain.