Name :- Nimesh kumar Class :- 12th B Roll no. :- 11 Sub :- Physical Education Sub Teacher :- Mrs. Chaman Lata Dedha Topic :- Survey of religious games of different states of India. Introduction:- The importance of survey of regional games of different states are as follows: Any sport or game should be given an important place in the routine and curriculum, of a child. Sports help to build physical and mental strength of its players. However, with traditional games, the biggest advantage is its ad hoc existence. This helps them teach life skills such as teamwork, leadership, accountability, patience, and self-confidence and prepares them to face life challenges. They build body and spirit through exercise and are played by all age groups—children, youth, and adults. Many games have roots in ancestral tests ofstrength and sport that reinforced group cooperation and sharpened survival skills in often hostile environments. Traditional games can be used as a learning tool to help children develop their cognitive, language, emotional, social, and physical abilities as well. Why is this project is required:- This project is required because of the existence of traditional Indians sports which are about to exist and don't play by us as our native games. To support this the Indian government is starting the "Bharatiya Games’ initiative to revive traditional Indian games with the view that they are more affordable for rural Indians to play, and are important for reviving Indian culture as well as increasing team spirit ‘And by this project we make people aware about the traditional Indians games to play these games and support our games to get reborn. Topic: A survey of regional games of different states of India.. To better know the culture.. Knowing regional games. Knowing about extinct traditional games Hypotheses :- There would be a significant effect of doing research on this project (survey of regional games of different states of India) on the importance of traditional Indian games to minimise the extinction of the traditional Indian games. Implications:- The project finding helps the people/audience to know about the extinct regional and traditional games of India which were played many years ago or which are modified and played in different forms. Definitions of Important terms:Ee eers (Eine MCN ee eee ERCeE ener caer cee eee sere ene) Introduction: India has several traditional games and sports,some of which have been played for thousands of years. Many of these games do not require much equipment or playing space. Some traditional Indian games are only played in certain regions of India, or may be known by different names and played under different rules and regulations in different regions of the country. Many Indian games are also similar to other traditional South Asian games, History Kabaddi and kho-kho may have had certain aspects of their gameplay mentioned in the Mahabharata, which was written before 300 AD.Alya-palya is mentioned in the Narrinal, written in 300 AD or before.Chaturanga is an ancient board game which experienced various modifications as it was transmitted from India toward Europe and became the modern game of chess. Traditional Indian games served various purposes throughout and had various connections to Indian history; for example, certain aspects of the Bengali hopscotch game of ekka-dokka may have represented concepts of social division of property,and kabaddi may have been used as a preparation for hunting, During the time of the British Raj, Indians began to focus more on playing British sports such as cricket, hockey, and football rather than their traditional sports.Part of the reason behind this was so that they could rise up the ranks by imitating the culture of the colonisers; later on, some. Indians also started to see British sports as an activity in which they could "beat" their colonisers ‘Anotable traditional Indian sport which continued to be played during this time was polo, which the British helped to codify and support as an official sport. Some British board games, such as ‘Snakes and Ladders and Ludo, were also inspired by Indian board games. In post-Independence india, kabaddi is the most popular traditional sport, with the highest viewership and most career opportunities; its growth was spurred on by the creation of the Pro Kabaddi League. Kho-kho has also had a franchise league started for it, Uitimate Kho Kho; the Pro Kabaddi League and Ultimate Kho Kho are respectively the most and third-most viewed non-cricket competitions in India. In addition, the Indian government is starting the ‘Bharatiya Games' initiative to revive traditional Indian games with the view that they are more affordable for rural Indians to play, and are important for reviving Indian culture as well as increasing team spirit.XIASIANGAMES Traditional games Gilli Danda Gili Danda is similar to many other games around the world, such as the English game of tip-cat, and also has similarities to the popular Indian sport of cricket. Itis a game where a player hits a short stick on the ground up into the air using a longer stick held in their hand. They then hit the airborne stick with the hand-held stick again so that it travels as far as possible, ifa player on the other team catches the stick before it touches the ground, then the hitter is out (eliminated), Nond Nondi (known by several other regional names) is a game similar to hopscotch. In it, several connected boxes are drawn on the ground, and players throw a rock or similar object onto one of the boxes and then attempt to hop their way to the box the rock lands in. Ball games Seven stones In the game of seven stones (which is known by several other names in different parts of india, such as Lagori or Pittu Garam), one team throws a ball at a pile of seven stones to knock it over, and then attempts to recreate the pile as fast as possible, while the other team tries to throw the ball at the first team’s players to eliminate them from the game. Maram pi Maram Pitt is similar to dodgeball; one player attempts to throw a ball from a stationary position at other players to eliminate them from the game.Games involving simple objects Marbles ‘Some Indian games involving marbles are also known as Kancha/Kanchi aur Golli Gundu. Several games are played involving players flicking marbles at other marbles, often in order to ‘capture* as many marbles as possible by the end of the game to win. Gutte Players throw a stone in the air, and then try to pick up as many of the remaining five stones on the ground as possible while making sure to catch the airbome stone before it falls. Pambaram In Pambaram (also known as Bambaram, Lattu, and other names), the game revolves around making a spinning top spin without falling for as long as possible. Kabaddi In kabaddi, an offensive player known as the "raider" crosses into the other team's half of the court to try and tag as many of their players as possible. The raider must then return to his own team's half of the court without being stopped (tackled) by the opponents. If the raider makes it back safely, then he scores one point for every player he tagged; but if the opponents successfully stop the raider then the opponents score a point, Kho-kho The kho-kho court is divided into two halves by a central lane which goes down the length of the court and connects two poles at either end of the court. ll of the offensive players, except for the “altacker'/"active chaser’, si in the central lane. The attacker's goal is to tag the defensive players on the court in order to score points and eliminate the defensive players from the field The attacker can not change direction once he starts running towards either pole, and also must not cross the central lane, However, the attacker can switch roles with a teammate by touching their back and shouting "kho"Langdi Langdi is similar to tag, except that the offensive players are restricted to hopping on one foot while trying to tag players on the defensive team. Atya-patya In atya-patya, the teams each have two tums on offence and two turns on defence. The offensive ‘team scores points by having its players cross as many of the nine "trenches" on the field as. possible while the defenders (who are restricted to standing within the trenches) try to stop this, by tagging the offensive players to eliminate them, Oonch Neech In Ouch nich ifthe dener says nich all players have to go someplace high of he says ouch then all players have to says down whatever the dener picks he has to stay on that platform Dog and the bone In Dog and the Bone (known by various names in India, such as "Cheel Jhapatta’, and more commonly in other parts of the world as "steal the bacon"), there is an object placed in the centre of the field, with two teams placed on opposite ends of the field. One player from each team rushes towards the object to try to take it back to their team; a point is scored either ifa player successfully retrieves the object, or if@ player tags an opponent who is holding the object before the opponent safely makes it back. River or mountain River or mountain, which is known as Nadee-Parvat in Hindi, and Nadi ki Pahad in Marathi and other regional languages, is a game where the field is divided into areas referred to as "rivers" and "mountains". At the start of play, the denner shouts out either “river” or "mountain*, with all players then attempting to go to the areas referred to by the denner. While outside of those areas, the players can be tagged and eliminated by the denner, Surr In Sur, the offensive team tries to go around the four quadrants of a square without being tagged by the defenders, who stand in the lanes between the quadrants.Chain tag Chain tag involves the denner tagging other players, who are then required to form a chain with the denner by holding hands. Only the two players at either end of the chain can tag the remaining players (since they have a free hand not trapped in the chain.) The game ends once all players are part of the chain. Lock and key Also prominently known as Vish~Amrit/Vish-Amrut (Poison-Antidote), lock and key is similar to the Westem game of freeze tag, in which the denner(s) can "freeze" opponents by tagging them, with the frozen players’ teammates able to "unfreeze" them by tagging them. A unique feature of lock and key is that players may be required to shout out “lock” or "key", as appropriate, when tagging other players. Aankh michol ‘Aankh michol is the Hindi name for blind man’s buf (blindfolded tag). Kokla chappaki One player goes around all the other players, who sit in a circle, and eventually drops a handkerchief behind one of them. That player must grab the cloth and then attempt to tag the first player. Four corners Players attempt to run between the four comers of a square without being tagged by the denner, ‘who is in the middle of the square. In a Telugu variation of the game, Naluugu Stambalata, there is a pole in each comer of the square that the players must touch, gella-Chutt ‘One team has a king stationed at a distance from the "home". The goal of the king Is to reach home without being stopped by the opponents, who themselves attempt to avoid being tagged out by the king's teammates, who start at home. A similar Bengali game exists known as "Bouchi’, in which the players must hold their breaths upon leaving the home in order to be eligible to tag the opponents; failing to hold the breath leaves a player at risk of being tagged out by opponents.Tree-climbing monkey The denner tries to tag players who can climb up trees to escape; these players can try to touch a stick kept within a circle on the ground in order to become safe from the denner. Combat sports Wrestling Gatta gusthi atta gusthi is a form of submission wrestling practised in Kerala, India. It is competed inside an pen ring on the ground, usually on a beach, known as godha. Wrestlers are called phayalvans. The sport consists of around 100 techniques. Gatta gusthi was popular in the state until the arrival of freestyle wrestling and karate in late 1960s. Its freestyle form is known simply as gusthi. Pehiwani Pehiwani, also known as Kushti, is a form of wrestling contested in the Indian subcontinent. It was developed in the Mughal Empire by combining Persian Koshti patlavani with influences from native Indian Malia-yuddha, The words pehiwani and kushti derive from the Persian terms pahlavani (heroic) and koshti (wrestling, it. killing) respectively, meaning Heroic wrestling. A. practitioner of this sport is referred to as a pehiwan (Persian word for hero) while teachers are known as ustad (Persian word for teacher or master). Martial arts Indian martial arts refers to the fighting systems of the Indian subcontinent. A variety of terms are used for the English phrases "Indian martial arts", deriving from ancient sources. While they may seem to imply specific disciplines (e.g. archery, armed combat), by Classical times they were used generically forall fighting systems. Gatka Not to be confused with Shastar Vidya, the traditional battle system of northem India. Gatka is a form of martial art associated primarily with the Sikhs of the Punjab and other related ethnic groups, such as Hindkowans.Itis a style of stick-fighting, with wooden sticks intended to simulate swords, The Punjabi name, gatka, refers to the wooden stick used and this term might have originated as a diminutive of a Sanskrit word, gada, meaning "mace".Kalaripayattu Kalaripayattu is an Indian martial art that originated in modern-day Kerala, a state on the southwestern coast of India. Kalaripayattu is known for its long-standing history within Indian martial arts, and is one of the oldest surviving martial arts in India, Kalaripayattu is mentioned in the Vadakkan Pattukal, a collection of ballads written about the Chekavar of the Malabar region of Kerala. In the Vadakkan Pattukal, it is stated that the cardinal principle of Kalaripayattu was that knowledge of the art be used for further worthy causes, and not for the advancement of one's own selfish interests. Kalaripayattu is a martial art designed for the ancient battlefield (the word "Kalari" meaning “battlefield"), with weapons and combative techniques that are unique to Kerala, Board games Carrom Carrom is played on a small board, with gameplay similar to pool and billiards (cue sports). The ‘main unique feature of carrom is that players flick a puck-like object with their fingers in order to impact the other pieces on the board, with each of the four players having two designated lines on their side of the board between which they must flick/shoot their striking piece from. Chaturanga Chaturanga was an ancient Indian game which is the predecessor of chess.Pachisi ‘Two of the alternative versions of Pachisi are Ludo and Parchees! Lambs and Tiger The Lambs and Tigers Game locally referred as the Game of Goats and Tigers or Puli Judam, is a strategic, two-player (oF 2 teams) leopard hunt game that is played in south Incia, The game is asymmetric in that one player controls three tigers and the other player controls up to 15 lambs/goats, The tigers ‘hunt’ the goats while the goats attempt to block the tigers’ movements. Card games Ganjifa Ganjifa,is a card game and type of playing cards that are most associated with Persia and India. ‘After Ganjifa cards fell out of use in Iran before the twentieth century, India became the last ‘country to produce them.'**! The form prevalent in Odisha is Ganjapa, Other physical activities Yoga Youa Is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India and aim to control (yoke) and stil the mind, recognizing a detached \witness-consciousness untouched by the mind (Chita) and mundane suffering (Ouhkha), There is a wide variety of schools of yoga, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and traditional and modem yoga is practised worldwide, Mallakhamba Mallakhamba or mallakhamb involves athletes doing yoga or gymnastic aerial postures while ripping a pole. e-flyingKite-flying is a popular activity in India, especially during certain holidays.in certain competitions, participants fly kites in an attempt to cut the strings of opposing participants’ kites. Events involving animals Kambala Kambala involves one person racing a pair of bulls across a paddy field.” Jallikattu Jallixattu features people attempting to grab onto and stop a wild bull Conclusion: ‘Through this project we know about many unknown traditional Indian games which are extinct. Playing traditional games help children to think for themselves, learn cooperation and teamwork skills, work on strategies and tactics, and learn how to hold a conversation with adults. Traditional Indian games are extension of Yoga in a practical form.They helps in physical well-being, refining the senses, strengthening the body and balancing your breathing. They also helps in building body and spirit through exercise.Playing traditional games as a family brings the family closer, and the bond stronger. Children need unstructured playtime and introducing conventional games to the family routine can be a great bonding activity for all. Children who have strong family relationships fare well at all other aspects of life as well. References:- www wikipedia.com www.google.com www.theschoolrun.com wwww.parenteircle.com