Child Protection international Institutions:

 Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The Universal Declaration of Human

Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document, developed and signed in 1948, the aftermath
of World War 2 to ensure respect for the human rights of all individuals and all
peoples. The human rights articles in the UDHR include both civil and political rights
(such as the right to a fair trial and to free speech) and economic, social and cultural
rights (such as the right to primary education, health care and shelter). The UDHR
was drafted by representatives of countries with different legal and cultural
backgrounds from all regions of the world. The UDHR is not a binding international
treaty but rather an aspirational declaration. It took 18 years, and the separation into 2
distinct instruments, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR),
for the provisions of the UDHR to become binding obligations for ratifying states.
Together, the UDHR, the ICCPR, and the ICESCR are known as the International Bill
of Rights.
 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR): The ICCPR
outlines civil and political rights such as the right to life (Article 6), freedom from
torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (Article 7), freedom from slavery
(Article 8), the right to liberty (Article 10) and the right to respect for privacy and
family (Article 17). The ICCPR was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in 1966.
 International Covenant on Economic and Cultural Rights (ICESCR): The
ICESCR outlines economic, social and cultural rights which protect the basic
necessities for life which includes the rights to food and water, to have a roof over
your head, and to adequate healthcare. The ICESCR was adopted by the United
Nations General Assembly on 16 December 1966
 Geneva Convention and Additional Protocols: The four Geneva Conventions and
their Additional Protocols regulate the conduct of armed conflict including traditional
civil wars, internal armed conflicts that spill over into other States or internal conflicts
in which third States or a multinational force intervenes alongside the government.
The Geneva Conventions seek to limit the effects of armed conflict. In particular, they
protect people who are not taking part in the hostilities (civilians, health workers, and
aid workers) and those who are no longer participating in the hostilities (wounded,
sick and shipwrecked soldiers and prisoners of war). The Geneva Conventions were
adopted in 1949. Two Additional Protocols were adopted in 1977, and the third
Additional Protocol was adopted in 2005. 
 Committee on the Rights of the Child: The Committee on the Rights of the Child
(CRC Committee) is the body of 18 Independent experts that monitors
implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. All states parties to the
CRC have to submit a report about their compliance with the terms of the treaty every
5 years. The reporting cycle provides an opportunity for expert organizations and civil
society organizations to present “shadow” reports highlighting particular areas of
concern or failure to ensure the protection of children’s rights.