FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

ELEKTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIK

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

ANALOG ELECTRONIC DEVICES

BEEE 2333 SEMESTER 1 SESI 2020/2021

LAB 2: MULTISTAGE BJT AMPLIFIER

NO. STUDENTS' NAME MATRIC. NO.

FAIZAH BINTI MAHMUD B081910314

1.

2.

3.

2 BEEZ
PROGRAMME

SECTION / 1/2
GROUP
10 NOVEMBER 2020
DATE

1.
NAME OF
INSTRUCTOR(S)
2.

EXAMINER’S COMMENT(S) TOTAL MARKS

 FTKEE/JTKEK/BEEE 2333

Rev. Date Author(s) Description

No.
1. Update to new UTeM logo
1.0 30 JAN 1. ASRASubki
2019 2. Update faculty's name
3. Change "course" to
"programme"
4. Remove verification stamp

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1.0 OBJECTIVES

 To determine the overall voltage gain of cascaded common-emitter amplifiers

 To demonstrate the loading effect of cascading common-emitter amplifiers.

2.0 EQUIPMENTS/COMPONENTS (MULTISIM)

Resistor : 1.5 k (2), 10 k (2), 12 k (2), 100 k (2)

Capacitor : 10 µF (3)
Transistor : 2N3904
Multimeter
Oscilloscope
Function generator
DC Power Supply

3.0 SYNOPSIS & THEORY

Often in electronic amplifier systems, several amplifiers are cascaded in order to furnish
adequate gain. It is easy to see that the resulting gain of two cascaded ideal amplifiers
would be the product of the individual gain. Figure 1 shows a two-stage amplifier, where
Av1 and Av2 are the open circuit (unloaded) voltage gains of each stages.

Figure 1

To calculate the overall gain of the multistage amplifiers, the product of the individual
open- circuit gains of each stage is reduced by the voltage divider at the input and the
output of each stage. The following equation can be used to calculate the overall gain of a
two-stage amplifier.

For a CE voltage divider-bias BJT amplifier circuit, the first stage gain is calculated as

𝑟𝑐 || (𝑅1 || 𝑅2 || 𝛽𝑟 )
𝐴𝑣1 =
𝑟𝑒

The gain for the unloaded second stage gain is

𝑅𝐶
𝐴𝑉2(𝑁𝐿) = −
𝑟𝑒 + 𝑅𝐸

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The overall gain is

𝐴𝑉(𝑁𝐿) = 𝐴𝑉1𝐴𝑉2(𝑁𝐿)

The output voltage is then

𝑉𝑂 = 𝐴𝑉𝑇(𝑁𝐿)𝑉𝑖

The overall gain with load applied is

𝑅𝐿
𝐴𝑉𝑇 = 𝐴
𝑅𝐿 + 𝑍𝑂 𝑉𝑇(𝑁𝐿)

Then the output voltage is 𝑉𝑜 = 𝐴𝑉𝑇𝑉𝑖

4.0 PROCEDURE

1. Construct common-emitter amplifier as shown in Figure 2 by using Multisim.

2. Calculate all the values of the DC Parameters and record the value in Table 1
3. Simulate the circuit and measure the DC Parameters (using multimeter) and
record them in Table 1.
4. Calculate all the values of AC Parameters in Table 2.
5. Simulate the circuit and measure the AC Parameters (using oscilloscope) and
record them in Table 2.
6. To demonstrate the effects on overall voltage gain of cascading two common
emitter amplifiers with load, construct the circuit shown in Figure 3.
7. Record all the values of AC Parameters in Table 3.
8. Now, add load 10k RL) as shown in Figure 4. Record all the values in
Table 4.

Figure 2 : Single Stage Amplifier

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Figure 3 : Two-stage amplifier without load

Figure 4 : Two-stage amplifier with load

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5.0 RESULTS

Table 1
DC parameter Calculated Value Simulated Value
VB 1.61V 1.559V
VE 0.91V 909.57mV
IC ≈ IE 606.67uA 601.898uA
IB - 1.562V
β -

Table 2 (single stage amplifier without load)

AC parameter Calculated Value Simulated Value
𝑟𝑒
AV(NL)
Vo

Table 3 (Two stage amplifier without load)

AC parameter Calculated Value Simulated Value
Vo
AV1(NL)
AV2(NL)
AVT(NL)

Table 4 (Two stage amplifier with load)

AC parameter Calculated Value Simulated Value
Vo
AVT

6.0 QUESTIONS & DISCUSSION

What factor would contribute to the discrepancy between calculated and measure gains for
cascaded amplifier? Discuss your result.