Activity 10 – Maxima and Minima

1. Find two numbers whose sum is 40 and whose product is the maximum.
2
P= ( 40−x ) =40 x−x
dP
=40−2 x=0
dx
2 x 40
=
2 2
x 1=20

x 2=40−x
x 2=40 – 20
x 2=20

maximum : x 1 ( x2 )
20 ( 20 )=400

2. Find the product of two numbers whose sum is 24 if the product is maximum.
P=x ( 24−x )=24 x−x 2
dP
=24−2 x=0
dx
2 x 24
=
2 2
x 1=12

x 2=24−x
x 2=24−12
x 2=12

maximum : x 1 ( x2 )
12(12)=144

3. A rectangular lot has a perimeter of 320 meters. Find the maximum area of the lot.
width=x
length= y
2 x+2 y=320
2 y 320 2 x
= −
2 2 2
y=160−x

area=xy
¿ x (160−x )
 2
¿ 160 x−x
2 x−160=0
2 x 160
=
2 2
x=80 (width)

y=160−x
y=80(length)

area : xy
¿ 80(80)
2
¿ 6,400 m

4. An open box is to be made with a volume of 36,000 cm3. Find the least material or
surface area used if the length is twice the width.
l=length
w=width
h=height
l=2 w

Volume=( l )( w ) ( h )
V =( 2 w ) (w) (h)
2
¿ 2 w (h)
2
36 , 000=2 w (h)

Surface Area :lw +2 wh+2 lh

2 36000
¿2w + +2( 2 wh)
w
¿2w +
2 36000
w
+ (2 )
w (
36000
)
36000 72000
¿ 2 w2 + +
w w
2 108000
¿2w +
w

d ( area ) 108000
=4 w−
dw w
2

2
(
w 4 w−
108000
w
2
=0 w
2
)
3
4 w −108000=0
4 w3 108000
=
4 4
 3
w =27000
√3 w 3=√3 2700
w=30 cm

l=2 w
¿ 2 ( 30 )
l=60 cm

2
36000=2 ( 30 ) h
36000 1800 h
=
1800 1800
20 cm=h

Surface Area :lw +2 wh+2 lh

¿ ( 60 ) ( 30 ) +2 (30 )( 20 )+2 ( 60 ) ( 20 )
¿ 1800+1200+2400
Surface Area=5400 sq cm

5. A piece of wire 10 meters long is to be cut into 2 pieces. One pieces it to be bent into a
circle shape and the other piece into a square shape. How should the wire be cut so
that their combined Area is minimum. Note: Total length = 2πr + 4L and Total Area =
πr2 + L2
x=length of the portion that isbent into a ¿˚

10−x=length bent into a square

10−x
=each side of the square
4
( 10 – x )2
= Area of square
16

x=circumference of ¿˚ 2 πr
x
r=
2π
x2
= Area of ¿˚
2
πr =
4π

2
Total area: π r + L2
(10−x )2 x 2
¿ +
16 4π
[ ( 10−x ) 2 π +4 x2 ]
¿
16 π
¿
[ ( 100−20 x + x 2 ) π + 4 x 2 ]
16 π
[ ( 4+ π ) x −( 20 π ) x +100 π ]
2
¿
16 π
¿ 4+
[ π
16 π ] () ( )
x 2−
5
4
x+
25
4
5
4
¿
[ ]
4+ π
8π
(10 π )
¿ =4.4 m
4+ π

length bent into a square:10−x

¿ 10−4.4
¿ 5.6 m

:̊ The wire should be cut at 4.4 m

Square:The wire should be cut at 5.6 m