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English - Arabic Tutor Vol 2 - by Molana Abdus Sattar Khan Non Shia Scholar
English - Arabic Tutor Vol 2 - by Molana Abdus Sattar Khan Non Shia Scholar
Volume 2
A Translation of
popularly known as
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<<<<<<<<
!"# !$ !$ %&
'(# %
3.& 4#") *+, -#. %/0) 1, - /0) 2 /& 2
(6778 9#:0;)
<<<<<<<<
(Mustadrak of Hākim)
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email al_inaam@yahoo.com
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Contents
Transliteration..........................................................................9
Preface .........................................................................................12
Lesson 16.....................................................................................14
The Categories of Triliteral Verbs .......................................14
Vocabulary List No. 14 .........................................................18
Exercise 15 ..................................................................................21
Lesson 17.....................................................................................25
The Intransitive and Transitive Verbs and the Active and
Passive Verbs..........................................................................25
Vocabulary List No. 15 .........................................................29
Exercise No. 16 .......................................................................30
Lesson 18.....................................................................................35
Changes in the Verb due to the Doer .................................35
Vocabulary List No. 16 .........................................................39
Exercise No. 17 .......................................................................41
Test No. 9 ................................................................................44
Lesson 19.....................................................................................46
The Different Types of the Perfect Tense...........................46
(1) The Recent Past Tense or Past Perfect Tense ( '(;
=)>).......................................................................................46
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Transliteration
ā
T t
4 th
U j
V h
W kh
d
X dh
# r
Y z
Z s
[ sh
\ s
] d
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^ t
_ z
M` á
I` í
L` ú
a gh
N f
3 q
9 k
!
b m
n
ū
c h
@ ī, y
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Preface
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Lesson 16
the (`#l;) is (LbLK/M)). That is, the (-%/ 6) of both are
1 The word (i) means denuded. It refers to the first stem of the verb that
contains only the root letters and is empty of any extra radicals.
2 See Lesson 3.7.
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(bB"L%BlM)4.
In the word (m=BM), the ('(;) - perfect tense is (M=IM)
(-%/
6) has a fathah, while the (`#l;) is (L
IBlM)),
where the (-%/ 6) has a kasrah.
4 having a dammah.
5 having a kasrah.
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6 Since Arabic is read from right to left, this table must be read in that
direction. The arrow sign will be used as a guide to indicate the direction of
the text.
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Note: In the Vocabulary Lists No. 14 and 15, the ('(;) and
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(`#l;), e.g.
Word Meaning
() JM8M to obtain
7 This applies to some dictionaries only. Others have their own methods of
indicating the category of verbs.
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m`M)KI radio
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BSX owner8
m#B"SS, breakfast
m:BIM glorious
M"B7M* towards
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IM"MJ2 parents
mIB:L astonishing
Exercise 15
Answer Question
I I/J LB&I B~L| SK$J2 bB"M) QS QS S2K>M IfBS>K MI BJ (1)
IB~LK MB8I* QpIR LTK2J$ M MbB"MK SBIM M) bB"M)
I M?I|M LB?0J M B'*JI
T JXM%I (2)
LBMJ, IBQ 'I, I-MM#B:M%K
M?M L=0KJ2
B'I S8B7M bB"M) QS II L:B%M7KJ MbB"MK MJ BJ8M KM (3)
IBJ.K S-MM%M| IBJ.K S-MM%M|
IBL 'JM B@I:M M) M9L/B}J2 I
M BIOM M BSX MB*JJ, (4)
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ITM|M#M z
Mo,M# M BIf s
M BJ BI/J B@I:JM M) MK$:M (5)
B@I:M M $JYM# IM:M L=BI8M* QpIR JM
IB)M#D: JeMMM z
I#B"SS.K M:BM L=KXJ2 M*J2 'JIR L=KM 'M0M SBIM M) (6)
I-MM#B:M%K
IBO JB?J$ {M:MwK SKM* LB7M* {M:MwK JB"SKM 'M0M M (7)
IB8I* "M B7M* S-MM#B:M%K ITM:M ueM:BIM BbJ2 u-M?B)IJ$ S-MM#B:M%K (8)
BI
M) BI/J IBMM IZK2D 'JM M*M:B&I M@DE L
BEM KM (9)
M@DE LBM} M*J2 B@I:M
MIJX M:BM L
B}J2 JpM M?M
:MJ2
M*I#M| B'I, LcM"MJ2 L/BM) m:JM JM LBIwD8 L:JM"K JM BM (10)
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MMM
BJJv M%J, LS2 BM(IM MbB"MKJ JpJ2 . BIOM&I M"L MsBJ (11)
LMB|M LLB|M SBwL)
IM:BM%K 'I, bB"M) QS L=KM* BMM* M:BM bB"M) QS JB"L?KM KM (12)
IB8MK
I
IBwM%K JBM?S$ Lo|B#J2 M*J2 I M:BM BI Lo|BM 'M0M (13)
I=MQ
S KM* I
IBwM%K IeJ1M M:BM SK.M JXM%J, (14)
'I, IJMK M#M?BJ2 Lo%BM*M {MEMK
I`M)KI%K
EIB:L ?MM LB%M B@I:M M) J-MI#M?K MB%M JXM (15)
I M~M B:J$ JMMK QJ2 LB%M
M9JXM M (16)
M)J1M B',I J-J/B)IBJKM J-DI*JGBI?K
I:B&IK MI JK IMJ$ B:J$M MBMM
I
BM7K IcIM M} BI z
M&JO.M JJ/M B@I~B)I~M M) MK$:M (17)
I-MML%K l)BJ2 I:IMMK 'I, L#M?BJK IT{M|
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Lesson 17
2. Most transitive verbs require one verb only but there are
some verbs that require two objects, e.g. when it is said,
(K/M m:B)MY M=
I M - Zaid thought that Bakr), the sentence is
incomplete. What did he think of Bakr? When it is said,
( I&Jv K/M m:B)MY M=IM - Zaid thought that Bakr was wealthy),
the sentence becomes complete.
(7IM :IM m:IM MIM) – Hāmid knew that Khālid is pious.
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Note 1: The (IIJ.K L=IM*) is also called ( LSIJ, DML) BJ M S!"LK.M).
5. Those verbs that have two objects will also have two
representatives of the doer. But both will not be (`B"S,BM). The
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brought).
(M:IBM%K) and (M?M ) are called (, !".) which are
normally words denoting place or time and they are
(
"8&). The details will follow in Volume Four.
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Word Meaning
YL#J2 rice
m=I*M| side
u-JLJG table
u-DII#J, Persian
D%J when
M#B"S,MwB&I Singapore
MI?¢BI Libya
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mZM* people
Exercise No. 16
(A) Change the active verbs into passive ones and vice
versa in the following sentences.
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( "8&).
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I-J>B)I:M7K 'JIR L=MKMM J-MMMK L=JBM KM I-MMMKI 'IMBMK {M| (1)
I-DI/IM%K
m:IM B'I>B)I:M LJMB#J2 B'IB I BI m
B"L0K/M B'I*{M| (2)
'IBS/K 'JM IM| MBIwD8 M9MJ2 LB)J2M# MMMBL LKMM D%J (3)
'JM =I*MI LBJMJ, I-MM#B:M%K ITM?I|M L=L0K/M) I-JLQ MbMJ2
IeM"B>J KI B'I {M|M ¥'IBS
SSKM) LcM*B:M|M"J, ¥@I#BLM( BJI IcIB8J$ B'I, IeM:KM?K IBIJ2 'JM M&KMM (4)
M BI/J IbMQ 'JM M&M?JJGM IbM:K$JK 'JM %IJ$ M£MM&J, MbMQ
LcM&BIMEJ, I@DEI M&J J¡BI| DSj M&KJJ2
BS/IS.B*J2 B I u!B"LM# BS{M| B:J>J (5)
I#BL:8 'I, M%I J.I}M BS/M# BI u-JOIB"M BS/B{M| B:J$ LZD& M)J2M) (6)
MBI&IB¦L%KI u-M%BM# M @:L M
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Lesson 18
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Examples:
2. If the (,) is mentioned before the verb, the verb and the
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while the verb becomes its predicate (ª). The (:0?) and
hidden pronoun (M"L) which is the (,). The verb with its
(,) become a (-, -©) and then forms the (ª). The
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Word Meaning
() J!JM to spend
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IM"MJ2 parents
u-M*MIR help
ueM~IM| prize
¤pM immediately
uBM income
M0I} winter
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Exercise No. 17
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IBO M:BM DSj eJ M"BJ>K '#* , M?M B@I:B&I IJ1L|M# () (5)
¤-M*MIR B'&I .M B'IBI IJ,ML} BI !M|#I SeMBEM IBI, m:K,M -
D%JJ, IeM:KM?K IBIJ2 M:M%BJ2 B'I>B)I:M 'JIR BII .& I-D?C I-MM#B:M%KI
JIM M&I 23M ¤pM 1
M I-J,BLwK MI M&BJIR #0 IcIB8J$ M:B&I /'
IIM"J.KI LLD:L 5() DSj I-M&D)M~L%K 'IMJ/K 'JM ,4M IB8J>K
:#*M M@DE '#9 IeM"BJ>K M I@DEI 6) 784 D%JJ,
= M&IBL:S$ I=M?M BM LBIJK 1(;< DJj JeM"BJ>K I:K,M"K zMlBJ2
@.A ¤-MM#B~M MJ ?M ¤pM -DIL# MKJ2 I-MM#B:M%KI > J-D8I>K IBJM
BIkJ K/L} MIX 'JM B#C9 )I"M&M - DIL# IKJ2 M"B7M* MSBM
.B'IBI 'JIR DEM
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Test No. 9
( 'j1j)?
(2) When a verb belongs to a particular (
), what does
it mean?
(3) What do you obtain by recognizing the (
) of a
verb?
(4) To which categories (
"2) do the following verbs
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intransitive verb?
(10) Can the passive tense ever be formed from an
intransitive verb?
(11) If the doer succeeds the verb in a sentence, what
effect does the gender and number of the doer have
on the verb?
(12) If the doer precedes the verb in a sentence, what
changes occur in the verb due to the differences in
the doer?
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Lesson 19
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from the verbal noun (uB"J - to be). Its paradigm is like other
verbs:
DL0B&S M%L0B&S IB&S BL0B&S M%L0B&S MB&S DS M0M*J BM*J B"L*J M*J JJ
D&S LB&S
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(¨%().
(MTB:M8M7J MB M#MY B"J) – Had you sown, you would have
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harvested.
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Note 6: Like (QMJ), the word (MBJ) also appears before a noun
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Word Meaning
() M:BLK J!JM to strive, to take pains
m ML sand
m:BL| effort
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u-MIM( outskirts
mBIM knower
MZKM Jp no harm
u-JJ>M statement
mnI|M* successful
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Exercise No. 18
ANSWER QUESTION
I-MIDl 'JIR JP U#
M"L IBM?K 'I, M9B"LJ2 KM (1)
IK>M7K 'JIR 23 VWD M9B"LJ2 MB)J2M (2)
M MMEM MoID0 MZB#D: 574# MbB"MK 574# ZB#M D@J2 (3)
:Jv MB)IBEIK MZB#D: SMK$J2 MNB"M
JeM:B)IMK 4#74 8 B@I:M M) 4#7=X 8 ! LLB"L) (4)
J-MI#M?K
LB)J2M#M L?BMJJ, M&J u-J>B)I:M M9M&L MKI 'JIR .3 8 MI (5)
MJM"BJ2 I-M)BJ>K
I-J,BLwK MI #0 R8 BMM* M&BJIR P#0X Y8 KM (6)
MMBL#L 0$! 8 M'I MI0B S2 'JM .NZ MI L:B)MY M) (7)
S-M%CML%K
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bB"M) QS [$!4 8 M*J2 B'IJ2 M) bB"M) QS [$X MB*J2 KM (8)
LB&S B'*JI 0$! M IsBJKI BI/J MMB#M
INB"Ll I-MB:I B'I, ¤pB"LwBEM
MMBYJ2 IM%JL BI 8 IJpL¦M BSM:B&I LBDl JJ BM (9)
bD)J2 J-MB%M M*M:B&I P\.7A BLQMJ BII >] B'I&M0BJ M) (10)
B"M) BJ BIIM#M)I~I 5#N
BSM:B&I P\.7A
MI0M)B¬LI "#7$A B'IJ2 B'IJ2 M) MZKM Jp 5#N M9B"LJ2 >< B"J (11)
II>B)I:M LB MB*JJ, I
IBwM%K M:BM
IM7I0BI+K 'I, 7I|M* JJ M"L BMM* 9M B"LJ2 P8 KM L:BIM M) (12)
IeMMDEI ^M IeMMDEI ^
{ M 7I|M*
IeMMDEI 5
M B'I&M0BJ M) IM7I0BI+K 'I, KM (13)
B@I:M M) 7_ M9M:BL| 7 &' B"J (14)
uI.M m M0I M*M:&IM BLB&I L]B#JK L«S>&M M M&B%IM B:J$ (1)
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Note: The word (J/L0KJM) at the end of the first verse was
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Lesson 20
among all the verbs.11 See 10.10. The perfect tense ( .
'(;) and the imperative () are indeclinable ('I&B?M%KJ).
(
; p) is (o,#), (=8*) and (F|) while the (
) of the
(`#l;) is (o,#), (=8*) and (b~|). Jazm (b~|) does not appear
at the end of a noun while jarr (F|) does not appear at the
end of a verb. Yes, if for some temporary reason it appears,
it is another matter.
11However, the plural feminine word-forms of the second and third person
are not (
MBL). No changes occur in them.
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(= * N).
The seven (- "*) are deleted due to the (bY| N) or
(= * N). This is the change that occurs in the word
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-
` MENH :H MENH M#H MENH
KMK.M) BJ JMK.M) BJ SMK.M)
He did not do He will never do He is doing or he
will do
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Note 2: When the (-? * N) are prefixed before (SB"S/M)), the
paradigm will be as normal without much change.
However, when the (-Y| N) are prefixed, the
paradigm will be as follows:
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the above one, that is (B"SB"S>M) BJ JB"S>M) BJ KS>M) BJ) etc.
• (KIR - if)
creates a change in the word and the meaning like (BJ), e.g.
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and the response are both the (`#l;) tense, both verbs will
• (KJXIR - then)
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Examples:
(M=MKM) K J2 LLBMJ2) – I commanded him to go.
(MMK,J2 B'J SMK$J2) – I am reading to understand.
Note 5: The particles (I!) and ('D0M) are also (eF#| N).
When they are prefixed before nouns, the nouns are read in
the genitive case (F¯ -), e.g.
(:B)M~I) – for Zaid,
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Note 6: The particle (BJ) is most often used for negation after
Word Meaning
(Z) JIXJ2 to permit
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B"S>DJ, to fear
moIM| hungry
m3MI, separation
m:BM glory
mbMM aim
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Exercise No. 19
(A) Translate the following sentences into English.
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Lesson 20 B
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Changes
MENH MENH MENH
I8; -% I8; -% U3R,
c$I$d P cI=\ P
The (-%/ bp) is (V"0.). BM?L0K/MJ DM?L0K/MJ L=L0K/M)
The (- "*) is deleted. CM?L0K/MJ IM?L0K/M)
See Lesson 10. Note 2.
The (o%¯ ) and the ( "* BL?L0K/MJ DL?L0K/MJ JB"L?L0K/M)
-) are deleted.
The (-%/ bp) is (V"0.). BM?L0K/M0J DM?L0K/M0J L=L0K/M
The (- "*) is deleted. QM?L0K/M0J IM?L0K/M
One alif has been added. CM&B?L0K/MJ MB?L0K/M)
The (-%/ bp) is (V"0.). BM?L0K/M0J DM?L0K/M0J L=L0K/M
The (- "*) is deleted. CM?L0K/M0J IM?L0K/M
The (o%¯ ) and the ( "* BL?L0K/M0J DL?L0K/M0J JB"L?L0K/M
-) are deleted.
The (@) and the (- "*) BI?L0K/M0J DI?L0K/M0J MBI?L0K/M
are deleted.
The (- "*) is deleted. CM?L0K/M0J IM?L0K/M
One alif has been added. CM&B?L0K/M0J MB?L0K/M
The (-%/ bp) is (V"0.). BM?L0KJJ DM?L0KJJ L=L0KJ2
The (-%/ bp) is (V"0.). BM?L0K/M&J DM?L0K/M&J L=L0K/M*
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Note 4: The (`#l;) can have the (I:BIKD0 LbJp) only prefixed
to it. No change occurs in the word. However, as far as the
meaning is concerned, the (`#l;) becomes specific with
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Word Meaning
mIf peaceful
u-DI$L:B&L gun
mIM loss
m:BM to hunt
LbM7
M K L:IBM%KJ the sanctified musjid (in
Makkah)
IbMK JM B'I, this year
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Exercise No. 20
cL LL8B&M) BM z
QML8B&MJ (1)
MBI&If z
{M} KIR MbMM7K M:IBM%K DSLB:M0J (2)
MI DM*B"S/M&J M&B%MBMM M&J BI.BwM BJ KIRM M&MS.B*J2 M&B%JJ M&DM# (3)
MB)IIMK
MB)IIvD8 MI (BM*B"S/MJ) *B"S/MJM DM&MBLJ LcLLf M KMK.M) BJ BI§J (4)
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Test No. 10
-) appear?
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(9) In which state does the ( - "*) of the (`#l;) fall off
in pronunciation?
(10) In the paradigm of the (`#l;), how many word-forms
are there where the (-Y| N) and the (-? * N) do
not have any effect on the pronunciation?
(11) How many kinds of (: "*) are there?
(12) Which word-forms of the paradigm of (-J.BI.M "*) are
not used?
(13) What verb is (J.BM&J) and what word-form is it?
of (I:BIKD0
SB"L* M I:BIKD0 LbJp)?
(15) When does the (`#l;) become specific with the
present tense and the future tense, that is, which particle
makes it specific with the future tense and which particle
makes it specific with the present tense?
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Lesson 21
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S!B"LBM%K), that is, they are formed by prefixing the (I!). The
third person imperative is formed from the third person
(`#l;), the first person imperative is formed from the first
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Note 4: If () or (N) appear before the (IBJK Lbp), the lām
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12 See 20.3.
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Note 6: The (-JBI>Jj "*) and (-J.BI.M "*) can also be appended
to the imperative and the prohibition, e.g.
(DMIB(I) – You certainly hit.
Note 8: You have learnt in Volume One that when the final
letter of any word is sākin, it is rendered a kasrah to join it
to a succeeding word.
Examples:
from (B
IB(I) – (M=KJ/KI IB(I) – Hit the dog.
from (KJB¦L) p
J ) – (`B"L| IBMwI LbMQ IJB¦L) Jp) – Food should not
be eaten without hunger.
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Word Meaning
MB&MBJ2 You have excelled
z
M9M#M May Allāh bless you
J!MM come
uIM ashamed
%IM always
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u±IM pleasant
ueM#B"?M chalkboard
mIM} thankful
m3B"S.M} kind
mBI}M?JG chalk
u°BI$ justice
mNBLBM virtue
u-M&DML specific
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Exercise No. 21
Answer Question
B@I:M M) MBD?J 'JM g L:M%BJ2 M) J!MM (1)
'IBS/K
'I, LBIM} JK II/J IBI, MZKM Jp BS/)M BJ KI M@DE :
#* (2)
IBM?K m MM MJ
U
JMB&I, QJ2 LBI%M B@I:M M) BMM* MJ JJ KI JeM"BJ>K :#* (3)
IBlMKI LoJ.B&M) IbMQ M:BM IeM"BJ>K MBI, ¤-M?KvM#
SMK,J2 J/J M B@I:M M) MB&MBJ2 'JM QpIR :#9X % BI/I (4)
-M&DML TJ$BJ2
S2MK$J2 M*J2 M IBMKM IZK2D 'JM M9LBJ2 MI ¤§BM} 47#7 L:M%BJ2 M) (5)
IeMJ>M?K IeM#B"L MIf MM{MI$ MoM%BJI IfBS>K
M) MI$J1BJ2 IbMJ BI M"L M%D*I :L M%BJ2 M) MBI, z
M9M#M MBIf (6)
B@I:M IJXKI u±IM MLB"M I
M
I
B"SS>K 'I, ueMCjM¦L ML{MI$M
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M*M:M M) L=L0K/M* ¡BM} @JI 'JM .78 LJpBJ2 M) DX (7)
IeM#B"?D
¤pDJ2 D&I L=L0K/M) BM II .78 LBI}M?Q M"L M (8)
M) L=L0KJ2 JXM m:IM M*J2 M ¤pDJ2 m:IM 27CI (9)
B@I:¢M
mnBI7M JM KM B@I:M M) #04 LM?Q :#9A %" 2784 (10)
"IM%D 'JM
InB?S$ 'JM uIM M*J2 B@I:M M) BMM* M) BI%MI MsBJ MM (11)
B'CM :L JM
'JM M3B"S.DE M*JXM0BS2 M) M9LS/BEM* %IM .78 L JpBJ2 M) (12)
I-MI,D& MI7IM8M* C°
M K M
B L QIJ, BI%M| °MI
I=IJ/K M#B:J$ LoJ,BM)
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Test No. 11
(3) How is (( 2) made from the verbs of ( 'j1j)?
()?
(5) How is the (!" ( 2) constructed?
8*).
(8) Make the paradigm of (( 2) and (=v 2) from
(n0, ).
(10) What verbs are (MBIBlM Jp) and (BMIBlM Jp) and what
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verb (JJ).
(13) Append the (->j "*) and (-.. "*) to the verb
uM"MM l) p •
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Lesson 22
The first six types will be discussed in this volume while the seventh one
14
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h cI\X ! Gender
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(u!MK.I).
Examples:
from the verb (MJM) – (mJBI – ruler),
h cI\X ! Gender
Note 3: The scales of (uMK.M), (uIK.M), (u-JMK.M) and (u-JIK.M) are also
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Examples:
(mJOB&M) - scene,
(moI|BM) - returning,
(u-MMK/M) - nobility,
(ueM:IB"M) - promise,
(u-JOIB"M) - advice.
Word Meaning
SeMIKJ the hereafter
u!M:I0BIR moderation
mbMI leader
BsSM:B*JKJ Spain
m:B)I:M iron
mD:M blacksmith
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mB%M wine
u!B"LL to enter
ueM:B)I:M several
uJKM to eat
u-MM#B~M farm
m MBEM to drink
u-J$MKI hammer
uM%BM factory
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m#MEB&I saw
m`B"L(B"M placed
ueMBI emigration
Exercise No. 22
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LJOIM"M MIJ,M JfBS>K J2MJ$ D%JJ, IB%MK M
I#M} SL|D MIJX JJ (18)
LSM MnSM
IeMIK S-MM#B~M MB*:J (19)
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Lesson 23
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Note 5: If there are two letters of the same type at the end of
(SMK,J2), the first one is rendered sākin and assimilated into
the other. Instead of writing two letters, one letter is written
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If there is a (-
N), that is a () or (@) at the end of (SMK,J2),
it is pronounced as an alif. The word (M%BJ2) is actually
(L'M%BJ2).
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(-x -©).
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Word Meaning
mB?I straw, dry grass
mBMY flower
m3BM} east
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m²IJG smiling
m BJv west
m¦SB¦S pearl
u-M&B|M cheek
ueDI cat
Exercise No. 23
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Lesson 24
The Elative
(IBIlK.D0 LBI)
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h cI\X ! Gender
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(IZD& LJBJ2 m:B)MY - Zaid is the most learned among the people).
(I!M| MI LMB(J2 zM&J) – The women are weaker than the
men.
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(
S MlK,JK S L|DJ) – the most virtuous man.
(IJMlK,JK IJL|DJ) – the two most virtuous men.
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6. The words (mBM - better) and (M} - worse) are also used for
the elative.
Examples:
(LB&I m BM M*J2) – I am better than him.
(IZD&LBM JM) – This is the best of the people.
(I-D)IM?K M} BL MI§JS) – They are the worst of the creation.
Word Meaning
²MJ2 more entitled
L`MBJ2 faster
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mKjIR sin
IsBJ2 yesterday
LMBJ2 weakest
S-M%K/I wisdom
SrBM wherever
m`ML} brave
mbB"M* sleep
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moK.M* benefit
T
I MS.K LBM* the Euphrates River
Exercise No. 24
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. I
M:B&I LbMKJK M"L 'J>BJKJ I
M:B&I LbMKJK IM
(1)
(2)
SMlK,J2 IB¦L @J2
SMlK,J2 I!M%BJK @J2
(3)
Z (4)
I D& SI(J,J2 BL BM
I L SMlK,J2 M"L BM
(5)
@MB?S/K S-MM#B:M%K MB)J2
(6)
M9B"LJ2 BbJ2 LM?KJ2 MB*J2J2
(7)
ITMS.K LBM* BbJ2 LM?KJ2 IB& LBM*
(8)
LB%MK IbJ2 LoJ.B*J2 LM?QJ
(9)
ITM*M"MM7K LoMB}J2 M"L M
(10)
IBIK 'I, ITM*M"MM7K LM?KJ2 M"L M
(11)
IJ.DI ITM*M"MM7K LoJ.B*J2 M"L M
(12)
ID LBMY BbJ2 LB#M"KJ ¤eMB%L :M}J2 ¡BM} @J2
(13)
MbB"MK LnB) MBJ
(14)
MKI BI S!M"KGJ2 SeMMDE IcIM KM (15)
I J.B JK IZM7& MI ¤eM.K L :M}J2 L=MQ IM (16)
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MoI%L MI8L*
M IL( 1e` FGH
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Test No. 12
(7) What does the (-P ) refer to? What are its scales?
(8) What is the ('% #:8) and what are its scales?
-.8)?
(10) Explain the scales of those adjectival nouns that are
used for describing defects, characteristics and
colours.
(11) Construct the dual and the plural of (zMB"M).
(12) Explain the two ways in which the (-.8 x2) are
used as mentioned in Lesson 23 using examples.
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Lesson 25 A
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The (. ) and (!".; ) of these categories are the
same in pronunciation but their original words are
different. That is, the (. ) of (DM%BI) is (m#IM%B7L) while
the (!".; ) is (m#MM%B7L).
The (. ) of (DbMBI) is (mIMB:L) while the (!".; ) is
(mMMB:L).
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Word Meaning
(1) MbMBJ2 to confirm
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mB:M Bedouin
uMM shame
uIM ashamed
@MKIX advice
m#BLY falsehood
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uM?K>M0BL future
uM|M fear
'JBL middle
Exercise No. 25
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oc$I?
Jp J!J$ LoI$BJ.L) LD*I+J, IK>D JM M=MEM BnIB J2 IBM?K I=IM8I mI|KM0BL J!J$
M:LBMJ, S-Q$ LJI#B:L KJ2 LNMJ2 B'*IR J!J$ Ln?ML) LD*I+J, BMM
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Lesson 25 (B)
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LD*IR singular
Masculine
M%LD*IR dual
BLD*IR plural
MD*IR singular
Feminine
M%LD*IR dual
DLD*IR plural
MD*IR singular
Masculine
M%S/D*IR dual
BS/D*IR plural
ID*IR singular
Feminine
M%S/D*IR dual
DS/D*IR plural
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B*IR singular
The particle (B'*IR) can be read as (B'I&D*IR) while (D*IR) can be read
as (M&D*IR).
After the verb (J!J$) or its derivatives, the particle (QIR) is used
(MbB"MK LnM0K.L)Jp J-M M#B:M%K QIR SXM0BSK J!J$) – The teacher said that the
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perhaps) are also included in the group of (QIR) and (QJ2), that
is, the succeeding noun changes to the accusative case.
However, the word (BI/J) is not included among these
(LD*JJ - as if he).
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(-.G
Nd) such as (M), (MN), (B2J), (DSj) etc. the succeeding
noun will also be (
"8&).
Examples: (I M7IM B%MM :B)MY QIR) – Verily Zaid and Àmr are
pious.
(IM7IM B%MM :B)MY QJ2 LBI%M) – I heard that Zaid and Àmr are
pious.
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Word Meaning
(7) M:M7DI to unite
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MM8B*J2 to be just
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LMf other
MJ2 elder
DLQJ O Allāh
m~BIIB*I English
mNMIwKI telegraph
u-MI| side
M=BM according
u-D)L freedom
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u-JGBL} police
m:IJ$ leader
m#BLSv deceit
mbJ1Sv youth
mbB¦S reproach
mBI§J despised
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uI.B7M gathering
BM man
uB"L&M death
SB&L since
J,M fulfil
Exercise No. 26
D'IMMK LQMMJ2 M*J2 B'%MM) -MM#B:M%K 'I, LQMM0M JXM L:BI}M# M) (1)
M¿B)I#KD0M J-DI,MBwLK M
MI7KM D@I~BII/B*I+KM
. I=MQ 'I, SIwM0BEM M IKIK IBI8B7M B'I, L:IM0BM Jp MD*J2 LBI%M (2)
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B LD*JI IsB)IMwB*J/K IM%MLY 'JM S-MB"S/L7K IMlM?J$ MI LJBM KM (6)
B'I, M:B&IK B"SLB0M) KJ2 I~BIIB*I+KI B"SJ$M J!J1K>I0BI+KM J-D)L7K JB"L?SKM)
. MB)I:B&IK B@I:B)J2
M:IJ$ QJI ITMMJOL%K IcIM B'I, JB"L%IBL%K I9IM0BEM) BJ JXM%IJ, (7)
. I9MI0B}I+K IM BLMM&M MVM&I| IM :D%M7L MBI%IBL%K I-DIB%M|
J-D)L7K BLL:IJ$ M JB"L%IBL%K =I7L) JpJ BLMM&M JXM%IM (8)
QJ2 MoM Jp MBJM J!J1K>I0BI+K JB"?I7L) BL 'JM J!J1K>I0BI+KM
'JI MB"L&LK DI/JM BIBJM u-MlB)IJ, I!J1K>I0BI+KM I-D)L7KI MMI0B|I+K
MBI%IBL%K ITM?JJL B'I, MBI BIBL MoM B"S>I.D0M) BJ JK
.BII$B"S>LM
¡BM} ~MJ2 M%L IJGM"K J!J1K>I0BM J-D)L7K QJ2 B'I, DM}Jp B@I~B)I~MM) (9)
BI SL8B7M)Jp I:B&IK J!J1K>I0B DI/J LsIJ.M*JpM mZB"S.L* M%LSIMLJp
JJ/M IJGM"K IM&BJ2 MBM LM7I+K IIGBM} S!DJ2 KM ITMMJOL%K IcIM
LS/J SL8B7M) MB)I:I7D0L B"L*B"S" MB)I:B&IKI lB)J2 L~BIIB*I+K S!B"S>M)
Jp M M:I7D0M* Jp K2 M&J M%J, mnBI7M JM I
M B@IR . "S!J1K>I0BI+KJ
CS 'JM L=I|M"KJ, I!J1K>I0BI+K IBI8B7M0I ²B)IGJ SMBJ2 LD*I+J, . M²I.D0M*
I:B LK QS M:IM0BM) KJ2 MBI%IBL%K M IB"L&LK MI I-D)L7K =I7L
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"M L IM7I+K MbB"M) QJ2 B'I, DM} J1J, M:BID MbB"MK MIJX LB)JM# B'I&M0BJM) (12)
I
I-M%BM# BI B"SM&K>MJp . IM?BI0BI+K IM IeMD&M I-D)L7K LbB"M)
. ?B)IJ$ LbB"MK
M IJX JB"S/M) KJ2 'MM
IbB"SLK IM ¤1I,Jv BS/M Jp BI/J MIMB?IM MI%BJ.I :I| m#BLBM M*J2 (13)
M) M9LS/B}J2 . IJGM"K M IB): I-MB:II ¤1BJ2 JB"S/M 'D0M IB"L&S.KM
BJ M B'I&M0B%DJ,M LJBJ2 BSJ2 BJ M B'I&M0B%QM B:J$ MbMM0B7L%K B@I:M
. L:B%M7K IIJ, LMK,J2 BSJ2
ocAC!
M BI§&ML%K LB"S,L I BJM JMM J-J,J1IK 'QM"M D%J I~B)I~MK I:B?M MBMM%L QJ2 M'I/L
L&I K±SB?M BJ mBIwM mbJ1Sv IbJ1J/KI MB)IYMI7K I:K,M BI MbD:J>M0J, . -MI| CS BI
M:D)J2 LbJ1LwK J!J>J, MJ2 M"L BM BbD:J>M0MKM BoI|B# LM%L J!J>J, . ¤-M&M JeMBEM @M:BIR
¤OI,Jp *MI M:B?MK z
MnM&M JXI+J, II*MIM II?KJ$ IB)MMwB JM zBM%KJ MBI&IB¦L%K MBIJ2 z
MBI&IB¦L%K MBIJ2 M) I SBlJ.K JJ B"JM Mb1 J J/K D²M7M0B I:J>J, ¤OI,M ?KJ$ M
IIJ1J BI LM%L M=DMM0J, . JM MIIBM%M ²MJ2 M"L BM I-DSK 'I, JJ/J
: M:MEB*J2M
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uIM| M"L BM%J KI B"LJ2 MsBJM %IM L:JB"L) zBM%K MsBJJ, BQMM
SI,M7M%K I BJM BQ.M0K JXIR mBIwM LcM:B&I MKIJp IbB"J>K MBI?J QIRM
#m MB}J2
MDF%M MB§IQ MBMKJ2 MB*J2 KIRM LM0K/JM MB)IJ/K MBMKJ2 MB*J2 JXIR
INJ1BI+K @II uBLK>M LbB¦M u-MlB)IJ, IB)IJ/K 'JM {J,M"K QIR
INM8B*I+K L=I*ML MBI§Q @MMM ¤.I8B&L LI}ML) BM%I MB)IJ/K @MMM
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BJ2 B"L%CJ/L) BJ2 'IMMK 'JIR @I:B&IK MI B"L%I|BM0L) KJ2 ¤>JKL JBL#I:K>M) Jp S-M?JQ
. BIwM B"L0K/M B"L?L0K/M)
ueM#B:S$ B'I SL8B7M) I-M%ID IBMwK I!MK,JK MbMK$2J LQMMJ2 M JrIQk {B~LK S2MK$J2 D%JM
'JIR B"L0K/M `B"L?BS2 CS B'I, JIB#S2 KJXIRM I-M%M|BD0M IJ/D0 'JM ueM:B)I~M
. 'JMM z
{M} KIR BS/IMBlM
.MBI%IM BL0BLM MBIDJ/L%K B'I*M"BIRM B'IM"MJ2M I-MMM0B7L%K B'S2 'JM LbJ1DM
LbIMK LSL:JM
IM%BD L:B?M
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Supplement
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speech. This is of two types: (1) 'I,B D8 SBIB7D0J and (2) SBIB7D0J
@I"B7D&.
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(-Y¯ N)?
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(!".)?
verb, is it in (o,
-), (=8& -) or (b~¯ -)? If it
is a noun, is it in (o, -), (=8& -) or (F¯ -)?
(,) or (!".)?
a (F|
N) or is it (R Nl)?
(12) Observe the (
R) of each word and see what type
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Analysis No.1
The sentence is : (IM& 'JM JB"LD"J$ S!M|J)
The morphologic analyis will be as follows:
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:%d ,
o% *2 *R & ?> &#
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