s] dfS;{jfb k'/fgf] ePsf] xf] <

k|df]b lwtfn
dfS;{jfb k'/fgf] eof] eGg]x?sf] cfjfhsf] 3gTj g]kfndf klg a9]/ uPsf] 5 .
Psyl/ eGb}5g\– …;dfh sxfFb]lv sxfF k'lu;Sof], ;"rgf–;~rf/, lj1fg–k|ljlwsf]
olt 7"nf] ljsf; e};Sof], ca klg dfS;{jfb hk]/ al;/fVg' eg]sf] wfdL{s
k08f ;fljt x'g' xf], t;y{ dfS;{jfbnfO{ o'ucg's"n AofVof ug'{k5{ .Ú t/
pgLx?af6 s] s'/f cfpFb}g eg] dfS;{jfbsf lgodx?nfO{ unt ;fljt ug]{ jf v08g
ug]{u/L cfPsf gofF ljrf/x? rfFlx s] x'g\ <
gofF gfddf cfh h]h:tf ts{x? cfO/x]sf 5g\, tL cfkm}df af;L 5g\ . oltv]/ dfS;
{jfbsf cfwf/e"t lgodx?nfO{ kl/dfh{g u/]sf] bfaL ub}{ gofF AofVofx?
cufl8 ;fl/+b}5g\ . sf]xL pTkfbs zlStaf/]sf] k'/fgf] kl/efiff sfd gnfUg]
eGb} gofF kl/efiff ub}{5g\ eg] sf]xL åGåjfbsf lgodx? ca cf}lrToxLg
e};s]sf] bfaL ub}{5g\ . sltko JolSt / ;d"x? pQ/cfw'lgsjfbL, gjdfS;{jfbL
jf;L ljrf/x?nfO{ slyt gofF ljrf/sf] rf:gLdf 3f]n]/ e|dsf] v]tL ub}{5g\ .
ljrf/sf] If]qdf ctLtd'vL ljr/0f ub}{5g\ .
o;sf] Pp6f sf/0f Oltxf;d} ;a}eGbf ljrf/wf/fTds cGof]n, e|d, lj;+ult /
ljrngsf] lzsf/ ePsf] jt{dfgsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngd} 5 . cfhsf] k':tfn] of]
xb;Ddsf] sDo'lgi6 cfbz{sf] e|li6s/0f / ljs[t ?k o;cl3 b]Vg kfPsf] lyPg . e|
li6s/0f, lg/fzf / ljt[i0ffsf] of] ;dodf ljleGg ?k, /+u / axfgfdf dfS;{jfbdfly
cfqmd0f x'g' c:jfeljs 5}g . o:tf] x'g'sf] csf]{ dxTTjk"0f{ sf/0f Oltxf;sf
ljrf/wf/fTds h/fx?df klg vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 .
ha ;g\ !(() df ;f]leot ;+3 lj36g eof], To;kl5 k"FlhjfbL af}l4s ly+s 6\of+sx?
n] Oltxf;sf] cGo, ljrf/wf/fsf] cGTo, dxfcfVofgsf] cGTo, ju{;+3if{sf]
cGTosf s'/fx? lgs} hf]8tf]8sf ;fy cufl8 ;f/] . cyf{t\ casf] …Pp6} ;To
k"Flhjfb xf], o;sf] ljsNk 5}gÚ eg] . ha lglj{sNk 7flgPsf] Joj:yfsf]
ljsNk ;g\ !(!& df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;DkGg cS6'a/ qmflGtn] lbPsf]
lyof], To;kl5 k"FhLjfbL n'6fxf ju{sf] lg+b x/fd x'g' :jfefljs lyof] . To;sf]
cy{ of] xf]Og ls ju{x? gfd]6 eP/ uP, of ju{;+3if{sf] cGTo ePsf] lyof] .
1
:Jffefljs 5, cfkm\gf] u'd]sf] n'6sf] :ju{ kmsf{pgsf nflu k'FhLklt ju{n]
xhf/u'0ff Hofg kmfn]/ k|ltqmflGtsf nflu if8oGq ug]{ g} eof] . kmn:j?
k ;f]leot ;+3df k|ltqmflGt eof] . t/ hlta]nf ;g\ !(!& df ;f]leot qmflGt eof],
To;n] ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;a} If]qx?df k"FhLjfbn] eGbf s}of}+ u'0ff
w]/} ;dfwfg 5f]6f] ;dod} ;fgbf/ 9+un] lbof] . cS6f]a/ qmflGtdf lglxt
ToxL zlSt xf], h;n] To;sf] cu'jfO{ ug]{ n]lgg, pgsf] JolStTj, ljrf/ cfbz{ /
To;n] lbPsf ;+b]zx?n] cfh klg ljZjel/sf ;j{xf/f >dhLjL ju{sf dflg;x?
nfO{ k|efljt agfO/x]s} 5g\ .
hxfF;Dd ?; tyf rLgnufotsf b]zdf ePsf k|ltqmflGtsf 36gfnfO{ b]vfP/ dfS;
{jfbsf] cf}lrTodfly k|Zg p7fpg] s'/f 5, oL k|Zgstf{x?n] Oltxf;sf cfTdut /
j:t'ut sf/0f tyf ju{;+3if{s} lg/Gt/tfdf uP/ pQ/ vf]Hg] sfd u/]sf
5}gg\ . ;dfhdf zf]ifs / zf]lift ju{ /xFbf;Dd, k"FhL / >daLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w
sfod /xFbf;Dd juL{o n8fOF hf/L /xG5 . slxn] Tof] ;'if'Kt xf]nf, slxn]
3lge"t eP/ hfnf, leGg–leGg ;dfhdf x'g] ;+3if{x?sf] k|s[lt km/s xf]nf,
To;n] slxn] ;z:q ;+3if{sf] ?k klg n]nf . km]l/ klg ha;Dd ju{
cGtlj{/f]wsf] ;dfwfg k"0f{ ?kn] x'Fb}g ta;Dd qmflGt–k|ltqmflGt–qmflGt
x'Fb} ;dfh cufl8 a9\5 . o;nfO{ sfn{ dfS;{{n] sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkqsf] ;'?d}
eg]sf 5g\ æcfh;Ddsf] ;dfhsf] ljBdfg Oltxf; ju{;+3if{sf] Oltxf;\ xf] .Æ
cyf{t\ ju{x? /xFbf;Dd o:tf] ;+3if{ sfod /xg]5 .
P]ltxfl;s åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] s;Ldf /fv]/ x]bf{ ;j{xf/f jUf{sf] g]t[Tjdf
qmflGt ;kmn x'g', To; ju{sf] clwgfosTj klg rNg' h;/L cgf}7f]–c:Jffefljs
xf]Og eg] k|ltqmflGt x'g' klg c:jfefljs xf]Og . k|ltqmflGtsf k5fl8 sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ng / ;+u7gsf cfkm\gf cfTdut sf/0fx? klg 5g\ / j:t'ut sf/0fx? klg 5g\ .
t;y{ ju{x? /xFbf;Dd ju{;+3if{sf ljho / k/fhosf z[+vnf rln/xG5g\ . s'g}
Pp6f b]zdf qmflGt x'Fb}df dfS;{jfb ;kmn eOxfn]sf] 7fGg' / ToxfF k|
ltqmflGt x'g'nfO{ dfS;{jfbn] km]n eO;s]sf] 7fGg' g} cg}ltxfl;s / oflGqs
a'emfO xf] .
dfS;{jfbsf] cf}lrTo ;flat ePsf] bfaL ug]{x?n] Psrf]l6 DffS;{jfbsf cfwf/e't
lgodx?sf] cWoog ug]{ r]i6f u/]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg < o:tf] bfaL ug]{x?k|lt g}
2
a? z+sf pTkGg x'G5– ltgn] dfS;{sf] sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkq Psrf]l6 Tof] klg
cGtj{:t' u|x0f ug]{ul/ k9\g] hfFu/ u/]sf xf]nfg\ t < dfS;{jfb k'/fgf] ePsf] of
o;sf] k'gk{l/efiff ug'{kg]{ s'/f p7fpFg'sf] k5fl8 Pp6f t j}rfl/s c:ki6tf g} xf]
. j}rfl/s c:ki6tfn] ;+zf]wgjfbnfO{ hGd lbG5 . ;+zf]wgjfbn] dfS;{jfbsf] ;
[hgzLn ljsf; ug]{ gfpFdf To;sf cfwf/e"t Pj+ ;fj{ef}d lgodx?nfO{ g} ;
+zf]wg ul/lbG5 / /fhgLltnfO{ a'h'{jf ju{sf] ;]jfdf nufpF5 .
csf]{, lj1fgnfO{ k'/fgf] ePsf] of c;kmn To;n] eG5 h;n] To;nfO{ a'em]/
klg unt tl/sfn] cEof; u¥of] . cfˆgf] cEof;–cg'ejsf] c;kmntfnfO{ nu]/
lj1fgdf yf]kl/lbG5 . d]l8sn ;fOG;df s}og ljBfyL{x? c;kmn x'G5g\ of
k/LIffx?df kf; eP/ klg cEof;df c;kmn x'G5g\ . To;sf] cy{ d]l8sn ;fOG;
c;kmn ePsf] x'Fb}g . cfh g]kfndf al9h;f] oxL ePsf] 5 . Pp6f dfS;{jfb
a'em\g', t/ unt 9+un] a'em\g' . csf]{ 7Ls 9+un] a'em]klg To;sf] ;+:yfut
a'emfO{ / sfof{Gjogdf c;kmn x'g' . k|of]udf ePsf] c;kmntfnfO{ l;4fGts}
c;kmntf eg]/ lgZsif{ lgsfNg] k|j[lQ Jofks eP/ uPsf] 5 . lj1fgsf ;xL
lgZsif{x?nfO{ 7Ls 9+un] k|of]u ug{ g;Sg]x?af6} l;4fGtsf] ;xL 9+un]
ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 eg]/ ljZjf; ug'{ emg} xf:of:kb x'G5 .
cfh dfS;jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]jfbsf ;fj{ef}d lgodx? k'/fgf] ePsf] bfaL ug]{x?
sf] bogLo jf:tljstf s] xf] eg] gofF rfFlx s] ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 < To;sf] s'g}
e/kbf]{ hjfkm 5}g . pgLx?n] o;sf nflu cufl8 ;fg]{ ltg} af;L ts{x?
x'g]u5{g\ h'g k'FhLjfbL Joj:yfsf lju'njfbsx?n] ub}{ cfPsf lyP . k"FhLjfbL
af}l4s efiox? lbdfudf af]s]/ dfS;{jfbsf] k'gJof{Vofsf] s'/f ug]{ s'g} gofF
s'/f xf]Og . of] sfd ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] dfS;{s} kfnfb]lv ub}{ cfO/x]sf lyP .
eljiodf klg eO/xg]5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd s] x'G5 eg] rfF8} g} pgLx? cfkm}
k'/fgf ;flat x'g]5g\, lsgeg] bfz{lgs ljsf;sf] If]qdf cfh;Ddsf] ;a}eGbf pGgt /
j}1flgs bz{g dfS;{jfb g} xf] .
To;}ul/ csf]{ ts{ 5, dfS;{jfbn] ljrf/sf] lgdf{0f t u/] t/ Tof] k/LIf0f gePsf
sf/0fn] lj1fg dfGg ;lsGg . dfS;{jfb k|s[ltsf lgodx?;Fu klg d]n vfG5, t/
Tof] hLjg lj1fg, ef}lts lj1fg / /;foglj1fgh:tf] lj1fg geP/ bz{g xf] . Tof]
bz{g j}1flgs 5 . of] ;xL x'g'sf] sf/0f klg j}1flgs eP/ g} xf] . ;xL bz{gnfO{
3
lj1fgsf] klg lj1fg elgG5 . To;}n] cGo lj1fgh:tf] To;sf] k|of]uzfnf ;dfh g}
xf], aGb sf]7f xf]Og .
dfS;{n] u/]sf] bz{gsf] ljsf; s'g} dgu9Gt] lrGtgsf] pkh lyPg . kl/sNkgf,
lg/LIf0f, k/LIf0f / lgZsif{x?sf] s;Ldf v/f] gplqPsf] eP dfS;{jfbdf cfh
oltljlw zlSt x'g] lyPg . h;nfO{ kl5 uP/ n]lggn] nfu" dfq u/]gg\ yk ljsf; klg
u/] . To;}ul/ dfcf]n] lrgsf] w/tLdf nfu" / yk ljsf; u/]/ b]vfP . ljZjsf cGo
d'n"sx?df klg nfu" eP . cfhklg ljZjJofkL ?kdf ul/vfg] ju{sf] af}l4s
c:qsf] ?kdf o;n] dflg;x?nfO{ ;+ul7t ul/g}/x]sf] 5 .
sltkonfO{ nfUg ;S5 dfS;{ hLjg / hutsf ;/udL{, ;+3if{ / tYox?af6 6f9f /x]/
s]an lstfa n]v]/ dfq a;] . t/ To;f] geP/ pgL /fhgLlts ;fdflhs ;+3if{, dhb"/
cfGbf]ngx?, qmflGtsf 36gfx?nfO{ glhsaf6 cg'e"t ug]{, ;3fpg] /
ltgnfO{ ;}4flGts/0f ug]{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ . Toltdfq geP/ klxnf] sDo'lgi6
3f]if0ffkq klg dg axnfpg n]lvPsf] :j}/sNkgfdf cfwfl/t cfVofg lyPg, a?
klxnf] cGt/fli6«osf] 3f]if0ffkq lyof] . h;sf] p2]Zo k"Flhjfbsf] lrxfg vGg' /
dhb"/ ju{sf] ;Qf :yfkgf ug'{ lyof] . pgL :jo+ klg klxnf] cGt/fli6«osf g]tf
lyP .
To;}ul/ dfS;{jfb cfkm}df Pp6f lj1fg ePsf] / To;n] s'g} klg
lg/k]If ;To;DalGw a'emfO{nfO{ OGsf/ u5{ . To;f] x'Fbf dfS;{jfb :jo+
klg clGtd ;To x'g] s'/} ePg . of] ljsf; x'Fb} hfG5 . n]lgg / dfcf]x?n] o;sf]
ljsf; ;+3if{–k|of]us} laraf6 ub}{hfFbf dfn]dfsf] ?kdf :yflkt eof] .
t;y{ cfhsf] dfS;{jfbleq n]lgjfb / dfcf]jfb÷ljrf/ klg 5 . o;sf] ;dfhsf] ljsf; /
ljsf;sf lgodx?af/] csf6\o s'/f u/]sfn] o;sf lgodx? ;fj{ef}d 5g\, h'g k'/fgf
x'Fb}gg\ . ju{x? /xFbf;Dd ju{;+3if{ / clwgfosTj /xg] ePsfn] ju{;+3if{sf]
lgod klg k'/fgf] x'Fb}g .
csf]{s'/f dfS;{jfb s'g} h8 l;4fGt xf]Og, a? of] k4ltlj1fg xf], ;d:ofx?
sf] ;dfwfgdf kyk||bz{ssf] sfd u5{ . h;n] o;nfO{ sfo{x?df dfu{bz{ssf] ?kdf
geP/ l:y/, h8 / hk]/ a:g] ljifo agfpF5g\ Tof] dfS;{jfbsf] ;d:of xf]Og dfS;
{jfbnfO{ 7Ls 9+un] ga'em\g] / nfu" gug]{x?df /x]sf] ;d:of xf] . To;sf]

4
bf]if dfS;{jfbnfO{ lbg' eg]sf] :ofn / c+u'/sf] syfdf :ofnn] c+u"/ cldnf] 5
eg]/ cfˆgf] lgsDdfkg n'sfpg'h:t} xf] .
To;}ul/ cfh g]kfndf ljBdfg ;/sf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?nfO{ b]vfP/ sDo'lgi6
l;4fGt / dfS;{jfb c;kmn ePsf] eGg] Pp6f hdft klg 5 . of] ;/f;/ e|d xf] .
logLx?sf] ofqf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf] ofqf g} xf]Og . r'gfjL
af6f]af6 ;dfhjfbL ;+qmd0f ug]{ v'Zr]jL ;+zf]wgjfbsf] g]kfnL ;+:s/0f dfq
xf] . of] sDo'lgi6 cfj/0fdf ul/g] k"FhLjfbL /fhgLlt xf] . c;kmn dfS;{jfb
xf]Og a? dfS;{jfbnfO{ 5f]8]/ k"FhLjfbsf] ;]jf–6xndf nfUg] /
To;}nfO{ dfS;{jfbsf] e|d lbg]x? g} ePsf x'g\ .
csf]{ n]vdf dfS;{jfb k'/fgf] ePsf] of s}og lgodx? sfd gnfUg] eg]/
cufl8 ;fl/Psf cfwf/ / ts{x?af/] yk rrf{ ul/g]5 .