Final Exam – Solutions (2022)

Section A – Solutions

3. To analyse problems involving small plastic strains allows one to design structures
optimally, so that they will not fail when in service. Also some analysis involves very large
strains and deformations, so large that the elastic strains can be disregarded. These problems
occur in the analysis of metals manufacturing and forming processes, which can involve
extrusion, drawing, forging, rolling and so on.

4. Sports – hokey bats, soccer and rugby boots, ice skies. Aviation – fuselage and other parts
of Boeing 787-dremliner aircraft.

5. Advantage – fatigue and creep resistant, Disadvantages – anisotropic and expensive.

6. Advantages – cheaper and less time consuming. Disadvantages – results may not be as
accurate as experimental results and requires special skill and technique to model mesh and
analyses.

7.
8. Engineering stress is average normal stress given by applied axial force divided by area
before deformation, whereas true stress is the actual stress at that applied load and given by
applied axial load divided by actual/instant area at that applied load.

10. For elastic yielding the allowable stress (or yield criterion) is compared with yield stress
of the materials, while for plastic deformation the allowable stress must be less than the stress
in plastic deformation zone, calculated by plastic strain increment.
Section B – Solutions
Question 1-Solution.
Question 2 – Solution
Question 3 – Solution
Question 4 – Solution
Part A
Part B (Q4)
Question 5 – Solution
Question 6 – Solution