Works Cited

Manu­script and Archival Sources

Boston, Collectanea medica, Boston Medical Library, Francis  A. Countway Library of
Medicine, MS Ballard 19
Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 336/725
Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.1.77
London, British Library, MS Additional 5467
—— , MS Additional 19674
—— , MS Harley 1735
—— , MS Sloane 1118
—— , MS Sloane 1313
—— , MS Sloane 2320
—— , MS Sloane 2567
—— , MS Sloane 2948
—— , MS Sloane 3566
London, Wellcome Library, MS 784
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS e Musaeo 155
—— , MS Rawlinson C.815
Tokyo, Takamiya Collection, MS 33 (now available on long-term deposit at
Yale, Beinecke Library)

Primary Sources
Agnus Castus: A  Middle English Herbal Reconstructed from Various Manu­scripts, ed. by
Gösta Brodin, Essays and Studies on English Language and Literature, 6 (Uppsala:
Lundequist, 1950)
Bacon, Roger, Fratris Rogeri Bacon De retardatione accidentium senectutis cum aliis opus­culis
De rebus medicinalibus, ed. by Andrew G. Little and Edward Withington (Meisen­
heim: Anton Hain, 1968)
The Book of Secrets of Albertus Magnus of the Virtues of Herbs, Stones and Certain Beasts, ed.
by Michael R. Best and Frank H. Brightman (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973)
The Fifty Earliest English Wills in the Court of Probate, London, A.D. 1387–1439, ed. by
Frederick J. Furnivall, Early English Texts Society, o.s., 78 (London: Trübner, 1882)
226 Works Cited

John Trevisa’s Translation of the Polychronicon of Ranulph Higden, Book VI: An Edition
Based on British Library MS Cotton Tiberius D. VII, ed. by Ronald Waldron (Heidel­
berg: Winter, 2004)
‘The Middle English Contents of a Fifteenth-Century Medical Handbook’, ed. by Martha
Powell Harley, Medi­evalia, 8 (1982), 171–88
On the Properties of Things: John Trevisa’s Translation of Bartholomaeus Anglicus, ‘De pro­
prietatibus rerum’, ed. by M. C. Seymour, 3 vols (Oxford: Oxford Uni­ver­sity Press,
1975–88)
Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, ed. by Norman Davis, Early English
Texts Series, s.s., 21–22, 3 vols in 2 pts (Oxford: Oxford Uni­ver­sity Press, 1971–76)
Secretum secretorum: Nine English Versions, ed. by Mahmoud Manzalaoui, Early English
Texts Society, o.s., 276 (Oxford: Oxford Uni­ver­sity Press, 1977)
Il “Testamentum” alchemico attribuito a Raimondo Lullo: edizione del testo latino e cata­
lano dal manoscritto Oxford, Corpus Christi College, 244, ed. by Michela Pereira and
Barbara Spaggiari (Firenze: Galluzzo, 1999)
Theatrum Chymicum, ed. by Lazarus Zetzner, 6 vols (Oberursel: [n. pub.], 1602–61)
William Caxton’s Dialogues in French and English, ed. by Henry Bradley, Early English
Texts Society, e.s., 79 (London, 1900)

Secondary Studies
Alonso Almeida, Francisco, and Ruth Carroll, ‘A New Proposal for the Classification of
Middle English Medical Texts’, in Voices on the Past: Studies in Old and Middle English
Language and Literature, ed. by Alicia Rodríguez Álvarez and Francisco Alonso
Almeida (A Coruña: NetBiblo, 2004), pp. 21–33
Ayoub, Lois Jean, ‘John Crophill’s Books: An Edition of British Library MS Harley 1735’
(unpublished doctoral thesis, Uni­ver­sity of Toronto, 1994)
Ballard, James F., A Catalogue of Medi­eval and Renaissance Manu­scripts and Incunabula in
the Boston Medical Library (Boston: Boston Medical Library, 1944)
Benskin, Michael, ‘Chancery Standard’, in New Perspectives on English Historical Linguis­
tics, ed. by Christian Kay, Carole Hough, and Irené Wotherspoon, 2 vols (Amsterdam:
Benjamins, 2004), ii, pp. 1–40
—— , ‘The “Fit” -Technique Explained’, in Regionalism in Late Medi­eval Manu­scripts and
Texts, ed. by Felicity Riddy (Cambridge: Brewer, 1991), pp. 9–26
—— , ‘The Letters <Þ> and <Y> in Later Middle English, and Some Related Matters’,
Journal of the Society of Archivists, 1, no. 7 (1982), 13–30
—— , ‘Some New Perspectives on the Origin of Standard Written English’, in Dialect
and Standard Language in the English, German and Norwegian Language Areas,
ed. by J. A. van Leuvensteijn and J. B. Berns (Amsterdam: Koninklijke Nederlandse
Akademie van Wetenschappen, 1992), pp. 71–101
Biber, Douglas, Variation across Speech and Writing (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­ver­sity
Press, 1988)
Works Cited 227

Blagden, Cyprian, The Stationers’ Company: A  History, 1403–1959 (Cambridge, MA:

Harvard Uni­ver­sity Press, 1960)
Blake, N. F., A History of the English Language (London: Macmillan, 1996)
Briquet, Charles-Moïse, Les filigranes: dictionnaire historique des Marques du Papier dès
leur apparition vers 1282 jusqu’en 1600 (Amsterdam: Paper Publications Society, 1968)
Britton, Derek, ‘Henry Machyn, Axel Wijk, and the Case of the Wrong Riding: The
South-West Yorkshire Character of the Language of Machyn’s Diary’, Neuphilologische
Mitteilungen, 101 (2000), 571–96
Brown, Peter, ‘The Seven Planets’, in Popular and Practical Science of Medi­eval England,
ed. by Lister M. Matheson (East Lansing: Colleagues, 1994), pp. 3–23
Cappelli, Adriano, ed., Lexicon abbreviaturarum: Dizionario di abbreviature latine ed
italiane, 6th edn (Milan: Ulrico Hoepli, 1990 [1899])
Carey, Hilary M., ‘Medi­eval Latin Astrology and the Cycles of Life: William English
and English Medicine in Cambridge, Trinity College MS O.5.26’, in Astro-Medicine:
Astrology and Medicine, East and West, ed. by Anna Akasoy, Charles Burnett, and
Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (Florence: Galluzo, 2008), pp. 33–74
Carroll, Ruth, ‘The Middle English Recipe as a Text-Type’, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen,
100 (1999), 27–42
—— , ‘Middle English Recipes: Vernacularisation of a Text-Type’, in Medical and
Scientific Writing in Late Medi­eval English, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta
(Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2004), pp. 174–96
Chambers, R. W., and Marjorie Daunt, A Book of London English, 1384–1425 (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1931)
Christianson, C. Paul, ‘Evidence for the Study of London’s Late Medi­eval Manu­script-
Book Trade’, in Book Production and Publishing in Britain, 1375–1475, ed. by Jeremy
Griffiths and Derek Pearsall (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­ sity Press, 1989),
ver­
pp. 87–108
—— , ‘The Rise of London’s Book-Trade’, in The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain,
ed. by Lotte Hellinga and J.  B. Trapp (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­ver­sity Press,
1999), pp. 128–47
Clark, Charles West, The Zodiac Man in Medi­eval Medical Astrology (Boulder: Uni­ver­sity
of Colorado, 1979)
Clulee, Nicholas H., John Dee’s Natural Philosophy: Between Science and Religion (Lon­
don: Routledge, 1988)
Collette, Carolyn, and Harold Garrett-Goodyear, The Later Middle Ages: A Sourcebook
(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011)
Collins, David J., ‘Albertus, or Magic, Natural Philosophy, and Religious Reform in the
Late Magnus Magus? Middle Ages’, Renaissance Quarterly, 63 (2010), 1–44
Connolly, Margaret, John Shirley: Book Production and the Noble Household in Fifteenth-
Century England (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998)
Da Rold, Orietta, ‘Materials’, in The Production of Books in England, 1350–1500, ed. by
Alexandra Gillespie and Daniel Wakelin (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­ver­sity Press,
2011), pp. 12–33
228 Works Cited

Davies, Owen, Cunning-Folk: Popular Magic in English History (London: Hambledon,

2003)
Davis, Norman, ‘The Language of Two Brothers in the Fifteenth Century’, in Five Hundred
Years of Words and Sounds: A Festschrift for Eric Dobson, ed. by Eric G. Stanley and
Douglas Gray (Cambridge: Brewer, 1983), pp. 23–28
DeVun, Leah, Prophecy, Alchemy, and the End of Time: John of Rupescissa in the Late
Middle Ages (New York: Columbia Uni­ver­sity Press, 2009)
Doyle, A. I., ‘More Light on John Shirley’, Medium Aevum, 30 (1961), 93–101
—— , ‘Recent Directions in Medi­eval Manu­script Study’, in New Directions in Later
Medi­eval Manu­script Studies, ed. by Derek Pearsall (Bury St Edmunds: York Medi­eval
Press, 2000), pp. 1–14
—— , ‘The Work of a Late-Fifteenth Century English Scribe, William Ebesham’, Bulletin
of the John Rylands Library Manchester, 39 (1956), 298–325
Doyle, A. I., and Malcolm B. Parkes, ‘The Production of Copies of Canterbury Tales and
the Confessio Amantis in the Early Fifteenth Century’, Medi­eval Scribes, Manu­scripts,
and Libraries: Essays Presented to N.  R. Ker, ed. by Neil Ker, Malcolm Beckwith
Parkes, and Andrew G. Watson (London: Scolar, 1978), pp. 163–210
Driver, Martha W., The Image in Print: Book Illustration in Late Medi­eval England and Its
Sources (London: British Library, 2004)
Driver, Martha W., and Michael Orr, ‘Decorating and Illustrating the Page’, in The
Production of Books in England, 1350–1500, ed. by Alexandra Gillespie and Daniel
Wakelin (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2011), pp. 104–28
Ekwall, Eilert, ‘Ortsnamenforschung ein Hilfsmittel für das engl. Sprachgeschichte-
Studium’, Germanisch-romanischen Monatsschrift, 5 (1913), 592–608
—— , Studies on the Population of Medi­eval London (Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell,
1956)
Emden, Alfred B., A Biographical Register of the Uni­ver­sity of Cambridge to 1500 (Cam­
bridge: Cambridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1963)
—— , A Biographical Register of the Uni­ver­sity of Oxford to ad 1500 (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1958)
Everest, Carol A., and M. Teresa Tavormina, ‘On Tarrying the Accidents of Age (De re­
tarda­tione accidentium senectutis)’, in Sex, Aging, & Death in a Medi­eval Medical Com­
pendium: Trinity College Cambridge MS R.14.52. Its Texts, Language, and Scribe, ed.
by M. Teresa Tavormina, 2 vols (Tempe: Arizona Center for Medi­eval and Renaissance
Studies, 2006), i, 133–247
Fisher, John H., ‘Chancery and the Emergence of Standard Written English in the Fif­
teenth Century’, Speculum, 52 (1977), 870–99
—— , ‘Chancery Standard and Modern Written English’, Journal of the Society of Archivists,
6 (1979), 136–44
—— , The Emergence of Standard English (Lexington: Uni­ver­sity Press of Kentucky, 1996)
—— , ‘A Language Policy for Lancastrian England’, Publications of the Modern Language
Society of America, 107 (1992), 1168–80
Fisher, John H., Malcolm Richardson, and Jane  L. Fisher, An Anthology of Chancery
English (Knoxville: Uni­ver­sity of Tennesee Press, 1984)
Works Cited 229

Geoghegan, D., ‘A Licence of Henry VI to Practise Alchemy’, in Alchemy and Early

Modern Chemistry: Papers from Ambix, ed. by Allen G. Debus (Philadelphia: Mills,
1957; repr. 2004), pp. 10–17
Getz, Faye, Medicine in the Middle Ages (Princeton: Princeton Uni­ver­sity Press, 1998)
Glacken, Clarence J., Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought
from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century (Berkeley: Uni­ver­sity of
California Press, 2011)
Glare, P. G. W., ed., Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd edn, 2 vols (Oxford: Oxford Uni­ver­sity
Press, 2012)
Görlach, Manfred, ‘Text-Types and Language History: The Cookery Recipe’, in History
of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics, ed. by Matti
Rissanen and others (Berlin: Gruyter, 1992), pp. 736–61
Green, Monica, ‘The Possibilities of Literacy and the Limits of Reading: Women and the
Gendering of Medical Literacy’, in Women’s Healthcare in the Medi­eval West, ed. by
Monica Green (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000), pp. 1–76
Hall, Alaric, Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity
(Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007)
Hall, Hubert, A Formula Book of English Official Historical Documents, 2 pts (Cambridge:
Cambridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1908–09)
Hamel, Christopher F. R. De, ‘Reflexions on the Trade in Books of Hours at Ghent and
Bruges’, in Manu­scripts in the Fifty Years after the Invention of Printing, ed. by J.  B.
Trapp (London: Warburg Institute, 1983), pp. 29–33
Hanna, Ralph, III, ‘A Book Contract and its “Set Text”: John Forbor’s Psalter Appendix:
The Slaithwaite Indenture: A  Transcription, Translation and Notes’, in Introducing
English Medi­eval Book History: Manu­scripts, their Producers and their Readers, ed. by
Ralph Hanna (Liverpool: Liverpool Uni­ver­sity Press, 2013)
—— , ‘Booklets in Medi­eval Manu­scripts: Further Considerations’, Studies in Bibliography,
39 (1986), 100–11
Hargreaves, Henry, ‘Some Problems in Indexing Middle English Recipes’, in Middle
English Prose: Essays on Biographical Problems, ed. by A.  S.  G. Edwards and Derek
Pearsall (New York: Garland, 1981), pp. 91–113
Harley, Martha P., ‘The Middle English Contents of a Fifteenth-Century Medical Hand­
book’, Mediaevalia, 8 (1982), 171–88
Harris, Kate, ‘Patrons, Buyers and Owners: The Evidence for Ownership, and the Role
of Book Owners in Book Production and the Book Trade’, in Book Production and
Publishing in Britain, 1375–1475, ed. by Jeremy Griffiths and Derek Pearsall (Cam­
bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1989), pp. 163–200
Heawood, Edward, ‘Sources of Early English Paper-Supply’, The Library, 10 (1929),
282–307
Heinrich, Fritz, Ein mittelenglisches Medicinbuch (Halle: Niemeyer, 1896)
Hellinga, Lotte, ‘Four Book Auctions of the Fifteenth Century’, in The Medi­eval Book:
Glosses from Friends & Colleagues of Christopher De Hamel, ed. by James H. Marrow,
Richard A. Linenthel and William Noel (Houten: Hes & De Graaf, 2010), pp. 261–69
230 Works Cited

—— , ‘Manu­scripts in the Hands of Printers’, in Manu­scripts in the Fifty Years after the
In­vention of Printing, ed. by Joseph  B. Trapp (London: Warburg Institute, 1983),
pp. 3–11
Honkapohja, Alpo, ‘Multilingualism in Trinity College Cam­bridge Manu­script O.1.77’,
in Foreign Influences on Medi­eval English, ed. by Jacek Fisiak and Magdalena Bator
(Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2011), pp. 25–45
—— , ‘The Trinity Seven Planets’, Scholarly Editing: The Annual of the Association for
Documentary Editing, 34 (2013) <http://www.scholarlyediting.org/2013/editions/
intro.sevenplanets.html> [accessed 29 April 2016]
Hope, Jonathan, ‘Rats, Bats, Sparrows and Dogs: Biology, Linguistics and the Nature of
Standard English’, in The Development of Standard English, 1300–1800, ed. by Laura
Wright (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2000), pp. 49–56
Horner, Patrick, A Handlist of Manu­scripts Containing Middle English Prose in the Digby
Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford (Cam­bridge: Brewer, 1986)
Horobin, Simon, The Language of the Chaucer Tradition (Cam­bridge: Brewer, 2003)
Horobin, Simon, and Jeremy Smith, An Introduction to Middle English (Oxford: Oxford
Uni­ver­sity Press, 2002)
Horrox, Rosemary, The Black Death (Manchester: Manchester Uni­ver­sity Press, 1994)
Hughes, Jonathan, Arthurian Myths and Alchemy: The Kingship of Edward IV (Stroud:
Sutton, 2002)
Hunt, Tony, ‘Code-Switching in Medical Texts’, in Multilingualism in Later Medi­eval
Britain, ed. by David Trotter (Cam­bridge: Brewer, 2000), pp. 131–47
—— , ‘Languages of Medical Writing’, in Medi­eval and Early Modern Literature, Science
and Medicine, ed. by Rachel Falconer and Denis Renevey (Tübingen: Narr, 2013),
pp. 79–102
Ingham, Richard, ‘Code-Switching in the Later Medi­eval English Lay Subsidy Rolls’, in
Code-Switching in Early English, ed. by Herbert Schendl and Laura Wright (Berlin:
Gruyter, 2011), pp. 95–114
—— , ‘Middle English and Anglo-Norman in Contact’, Bulletin de l’Association des
Médiévistes Anglicistes de l’Enseignement Supérieur, 81 (2012), 1–23
—— , The Transmission of Anglo-Norman: Language History and Language Acquisition
(Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2012)
Jacquart, Danielle, ‘Medical Scholasticism’, in Western Medical Thought from Antiquity to
the Middle Ages, ed. by Mirko D. Grmek (Cam­bridge, MA: Harvard Uni­ver­sity Press,
1998), pp. 197–240
James, Montague Rhodes, A  Descriptive Catalogue of the Manu­scripts in the Library of
Gonville and Caius College (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1907)
—— , The Western Manu­scripts in the Library of Trinity College, Cam­bridge: A Descriptive
Catalogue (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1900) Jasin, Joanna, ‘A Critical
Edition of the Middle English Liber uricrisiarum in Wellcome MS 225’ (unpublished
doctoral dissertaion, Tulane Uni­ver­sity, 1983)
Jones, Claire, ‘Discourse Communities and Medical Texts’, in Medical Scientific Writing
in Late Medi­eval English, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (Cam­bridge: Cam­
bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2004), pp. 23–36
Works Cited 231

Jones, Peter Murray, ‘Four Middle English Translations of John of Arderne’, in Latin and
Vernacular: Studies in Late-Medi­eval Texts and Manu­scripts, ed. by A. J. Minnis (Cam­
bridge: Brewer, 1989), pp. 61–89
—— , ‘Information and Science’, in Fifteenth-Century Attitudes: Perceptions of Society in
Late Medi­eval England, ed. by Rosemary Horrox (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity
Press, 1994), pp. 97–11
Kaislaniemi, Samuli, ‘Visual Aspects of Code-Switching in Early Modern English Manu­
script Letters and Printed Tracts’, in Verbal and Visual Com­muni­cation in Early English
Texts, ed. by Matti Peikola and others (Turnhout: Brepols, forthcoming)
Kassell, Lauren, ‘Reading for the Philosophers’ Stone’, in Books and the Sciences in History,
ed. by Marina Frasca-Spada and Nick Jardine (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity
Press, 2000), pp. 132–50
Kastovsky, Dieter, ‘Semantics and Vocabulary’, in The Cam­bridge History of the English
Language, ed. by Richard Hogg (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1992),
pp. 290–408
Keene, Derek, ‘Metropolitan Values: Migration, Mobility and Cultural Norms, London
1100–1700’, in The Development of Standard English 1300–1800, ed. by Laura Wright
(Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2000), pp. 93–114
König, Eberhart, ‘The Influence of the Invention of Printing on the Development of
German Illumination’, in Manu­scripts in the Fifty Years after the Invention of Printing,
ed. by J. B. Trapp (London: Warburg Institute, 1983), pp. 85–96
Kwakkel, Erik, ‘Commercial Organization and Economic Innovation’, in The Production
of Books in England, 1350–1500, ed. by Alexandra Gillespie and Daniel Wakelin
(Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2011)
—— , ‘A New Type of Book for a New Type of Reader: The Emergence of Paper in Ver­
nacular Book Production’, in The History of the Book in the West: 400 AD–1455, ed. by
Jane Robinson and Pamela Roberts (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010 [2003]), pp. 409–38
Laing, Margaret, ‘Early Middle English – the East-West Divide’, in Placing Middle English
in Context, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen and others (Berlin: Gruyter, 2000), pp. 97–124
Lass, Roger, ‘Ut custodiant litteras: Editions, Corpora and Witnesshood’, in Methods and
Data in English Historical Dialectology, ed. by Marina Dossena and Roger Lass (Bern:
Lang, 2004), pp. 21–48
Linden, Stanton J., Darke Hierogliphicks: Alchemy in English Literature from Chaucer to
the Restoration (Kentucky: Uni­ver­sity Press of Kentucky, 1996)
Lyall, Roderick J., ‘Materials: The Paper Revolution’, in Book Production and Publishing
in Britain, 1375–1475, ed. by Jeremy Griffiths and Derek Pearsall (Cam­bridge: Cam­
bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1989), pp. 11–30
Machan, Tim William, ‘The Visual Pragmatics of Code-Switching in Late Middle English
Literature’, in Code-Switching in Early English, ed. by Herbert Schendl and Laura
Wright (Berlin: Gruyter, 2011), pp. 303–33
Macray, W. D., Catalogi codicum manu­scriptorum Bibliothecae Bodleianae: partis quintae,
fasciculus secundus (London: MacMillan, 1878)
232 Works Cited

Mäkinen, Martti, Between Herbals Et Alia: Intertextuality in Medi­eval English Herbal

(unpublished doctoral dissertation, Uni­ver­sity of Helsinki, 2006)
Manzalaoui, Mahmoud, ‘Chaucer and Science’, in Geoffrey Chaucer, ed. by Derek Brewer
(London: Bell, 1974), pp. 224–61
Matheson, Lister M., ‘The Dialect of the Hammond Scribe’, in Sex, Aging, & Death in
a Medi­eval Medical Compendium: Trinity College Cam­bridge MS R.14.52. Its Texts,
Language, and Scribe, ed. by M. Teresa Tavormina (Tempe: Arizona Center for Medi­
eval and Renaissance Studies, 2006), pp. 65–93
—— , ‘John of Burgundy: Treatises on Plague’, in Sex, Aging, & Death in a Medi­eval
Medical Compendium: Trinity College Cam­bridge R.14.52. Its Texts, Language, and
Scribe, ed. by M. Teresa Tavormina (Tempe: Arizona Center for Medi­eval and Renais­
sance Studies, 2006), pp. 569–602
—— , ‘Medecin sans frontieres? The European Dissemination of John of Burgundy’s
Plague Treatise’, ANQ, 18 (2005), 17–28
McIntosh, Angus, ‘The Analysis of Written Middle English’, in Middle English Dialectology:
Essays on Some Principles and Problems, ed. by Margaret Laing (Aberdeen: Aberdeen
Uni­ver­sity Press, 1989 [1956]), pp. 1–21
—— , ‘Present Indicative Plural Forms in the Later Middle English of the North Midlands’,
in Middle English Dialectology: Essys on Some Principles and Problems, ed. by Angus
McIntosh, Michael L. Samuels, and Margaret Laing (Aberdeen: Aberdeen Uni­ver­sity
Press, 1989 [1983]), pp. 116–22
McIntosh, Angus, and others, A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English (Aberdeen:
Aberdeen Uni­ver­sity Press, 1986)
Meale, Carol M., ‘Patrons, Buyers and Owners: Book Production and Social Status’, in
Book Production and Publishing in Britain, 1375–1475, ed. by Jeremy Griffiths and
Derek Pearsall (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1989), pp. 201–38
Meecham-Jones, Simon, ‘“Gadryng Togedre of Medecyne in the Partye of Cyrurgerie”:
Strategies of Code-Switching in the Middle English Translations of Chauliac’s Chir­
urgia Magna’, in Code-Switching in Early English, ed. by Herbert Schendl and Laura
Wright (Berlin: Gruyter, 2011)
Milroy, James, ‘Middle English Dialectology’, in Cam­bridge History of the English Lan­
guage, ed. by Norman Blake, 2 vols (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1992),
ii, 156–206
Milroy, James, and Leslie Milroy, Authority in Language: Investigating Language Pre­
scription and Standardisation (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985)
—— , Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English, 3rd edn (London: Routledge,
1999)
Mooney, Linne R., ‘Chaucer’s Scribe’, Speculum, 81 (2006), 97–138
—— , ‘Locating Scribal Activity in Late-Medi­eval London’, in Design and Distribution
of Late Medi­eval Manu­scripts in England, ed. by Margaret Connolly and Linne  R.
Mooney (Woodbridge: York Medi­eval Press, 2008), pp. 183–204
—— , ‘Professional Scribes? Identifying English Scribes Who Had a Hand in More Than
One Manu­script’, in New Directions in Later Medi­eval Manu­script Studies, ed. by
Derek Pearsall (Woodbridge: York Medi­eval Press, 2000), pp. 131–42
Works Cited 233

—— , ‘Scribes and Booklets of Trinity College, Cam­bridge, Manu­scripts R.3.19 and
R.3.21’, in Middle English Poetry: Texts and Traditions, ed. by Alastair J. Minnis (York:
York Medi­eval Press, 2001), pp. 241–66
Mooney, Linne R., and Lister M. Matheson, ‘The Beryn Scribe and his Texts: Evidence
for Multiple-Copy Production of Manu­scripts in Fifteenth-Century England’, The
Library, 7th ser., 4 (2003), 347–70
Moorat, S. A. J., Catalogue of Western Manu­scripts on Medicine and Science in the Wellcome
Historical Medical Library: MSS  Written before 1650 A.D (London: Wellcome
Historical Medical Library, 1962)
Moore, Samuel, Sanford Brown Meech, and Harold Whitehall, Middle English Dialect
Characteristics and Dialect Boundaries: Preliminary Report of an Investigation Based
Exclusively on Localized Texts and Documents (Ann Arbor: Uni­ver­sity of Michigan
Press, 1935)
Nevalainen, Terttu, and Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, ‘Standardisation’, in A History
of the English Language, ed. by Richard Hogg and David Denison (Cam­bridge: Cam­
bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2006), pp. 271–311
Nolcken, Christina von, The Middle English Translation of ‘Rosarium theologie’ (Heidel­
berg: Winter, 1979)
Norri, Juhani, ‘Entrances and Exits in English Medical Vocabulary’, in Medical and
Scientific Writing in Late Medi­eval English, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta
(Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2004), pp. 100–43
—— , Names of Sicknesses in English, 1400–1550: An Exploration of the Lexical Field
(Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1992)
North, John D., Cosmos: An Illustrated History of Astronomy and Cosmology (Chicago:
Uni­ver­sity of Chicago Press, 2008)
Nyström, Eva, ‘Codicological Crossover: The Merging of the Manu­script and Print’, in
Manu­script Studies and Codicology: Theory and Practice (= Studia Neophilologica, 86
(2014)), pp. 112–33
Oakden, James P., Alliterative Poetry in Middle English: The Dialectal and Metrical Survey,
2 vols (Manchester: Manchester Uni­ver­sity Press, 1930–35)
Page, Sophie, Astrology in Medi­eval Manu­scripts (Toronto: Uni­ver­sity of Toronto Press,
2002)
—— , Magic in Medi­eval Manu­scripts (London: British Library, 2004)
Pahta, Päivi, ‘Code-Switching in Medi­eval Medical Writing’, in Medical and Scientific
Writing in Late Medi­eval English, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (Cam­
bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2004), pp. 73–99
—— , ‘On Structures of Code-Switching in Medical Texts from Medi­eval England’,
Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 104 (2003), 197–210
Pahta, Päivi, and Arja Nurmi, ‘Social Stratification and Patterns of Code-Switching in
Early English Letters’, Multilingua: Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage
Communication (2004), 417–56
—— , ‘“What We Do Con Amore”: Structures of Code-Switching in Eighteenth-Century
Personal Letters: New Insights into Late Modern English’, in ‘Of Varying Language
234 Works Cited

and Opposing Creed’, ed. by Javier Pérez-Guerra and others (Bern: Lang, 2007),
pp. 401–20
Pahta, Päivi, and Irma Taavitsainen, ‘Vernacularisation of Scientific and Medical Writing
in Its Sociohistorical Context’, in Medical and Scientific Writing in Late Medi­eval
English, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity
Press, 2004), pp. 1–18
Paraviciani Bagliani, Agostino, ‘Ruggero Bacone autore del De retardatione accidentium
senectutis?’, Studi Medi­evali, 3 (1987), 707–28
Parkes, Malcolm B., English Cursive Book Hands, 1250–1500 (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1969)
Partridge, Stephen, ‘Designing the Page’, in The Production of Books in England, 1350–
1500, ed. by Alexandra Gillespie and Daniel Wakelin (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­
ver­sity Press, 2011), pp. 70–103
Pereira, Michela, The Alchemical Corpus Attributed to Raymond Lull, Warburg Institute
Surveys and Texts (London: Warburg Institute, 1989)
—— , ‘Alchemy and the Use of Vernacular Languages in the Late Middle Ages’, Speculum,
74 (1999), 336–56
—— , ‘Mater medicinarum: English Physicians and the Alchemical Elixir in the Fifteenth
Century’, in Medicine from the Black Death to the French Disease, ed. by Roger French
and others (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), pp. 26–52
Piccard, Gerhard. Wasserzeichnen ii (Stuttgart: [n. pub.], 1966)
Pollard, Graham, ‘The Pecia System in the Medi­eval Universities’, in Medi­eval Scribes,
Manu­scripts & Libraries: Essays Presented to N.R. Ker, ed. by Malcolm B. Parkes and
Andrew G. Watson (London: Scolar, 1978), pp. 145–61
Principe, Lawrence M., The Secrets of Alchemy (Chicago: Uni­ver­sity of Chicago Press,
2013)
Richardson, Malcolm, ‘Henry V, the English Chancery, and Chancery English’, Speculum,
55 (1980), 726–50
Rigg, A.  G., A  Glastonbury Miscellany of the Fifteenth Century: A  Descriptive Index of
Trinity College, Cam­bridge, MS.O.9.38 (London: Oxford Uni­ver­sity Press, 1968)
Robbins, Rossell Hope, ‘Medical Manu­scripts in Middle English’, Speculum, 45 (1970),
393–415
Roberts, Gareth, The Mirror of Alchemy: Alchemical Ideas and Images in Manu­scripts and
Books from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century (London: British Library, 1994)
Roberts, Jane, Guide to Scripts Used in English Writings up to 1500 (London: British
Library, 2005)
Robinson, P.  R., ‘The “Booklet”: A Self-Contained Unit in Composite Manu­scripts’,
Codi­cologica, 3 (1980), 46–69
Rogos, Justyna, ‘Isles of Systemacity in the Sea of Prodigality? Non-Alphabetic Elements
in Manu­scripts of Chaucer’s “Man of Law’s Tale”’ (2012) <http://www.isle-linguis-
tics.org/resources/rogos2012.pdf> [accessed 19 April 2016]
Romaine, Suzanne, Bilingualism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995)
Works Cited 235

Rundle, David, ‘English Books and the Continent’, in The Production of Books in England,
1350–1500, ed. by Alexandra Gillespie and Daniel Wakelin (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge
Uni­ver­sity Press, 2011), pp. 276–91
Samuels, Michael L., ‘Some Applications of Middle English Dialectology’, in Middle
English Dialectology: Essays on Some Principles and Problems, ed. by Angus McIntosh,
Michael L. Samuels, and Margaret Laing (Aberdeen: Aberdeen Uni­ver­sity Press, 1989
[1963]), pp. 64–80
—— , ‘Spelling and Dialect in the Late and Post-Middle English Periods’, in The English of
Chaucer and his Contemporaries, ed. by Jeremy Smith (Aberdeen: Aberdeen Uni­ver­
sity Press, 1981), pp. 43–54
Schendl, Herbert, ‘Linguistic Aspects of Code-Switching in Medi­eval English Texts’, in
Multilingualism in Later Medi­eval Britain, ed. by David Trotter (Cam­bridge: Brewer,
2000), pp. 77–92
—— , ‘Mixed-Language Texts as Data and Evidence in English Historical Linguistics’, in
Studies in the History of the English Language: A Millennial Perspective, ed. by Donka
Minkova and Robert P. Stockwell (Berlin: Gruyter, 2002), pp. 51–78
—— , ‘William Harvey’s Prelectiones anatomie universalis (1616): Code-Switching in
Early Modern English Lecture Notes’, Brno Studies in English, 35 (2009), 185–98
Schnell, Bernhard, ‘Prolegomena to a History of Medi­eval German Medical Literature:
The Twelfth Century’, in Manu­script Sources of Medi­eval Medicine, ed. by Margaret
Rose Schleissner (London: Garland, 1995), pp. 3–16
Studer-Joho, Nicole, Diffusion and Change in Early Middle English: Methodological and
Theoretical Implications from the LAEME Corpus of Tagged Texts (Tübingen: Narr,
2014)
Suhr, Carla, Publishing for the Masses: Early Modern English Witchcraft Pamphlets,
Mémoires de la Sociéte Néophilologique de Helsinki, 83 (Helsinki: Société Néo­
philo­logique, 2011)
Taavitsainen, Irma, Middle English Lunaries: A Study of the Genre, Memoires de la Société
Néophilologique de Helsinki, 47 (Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 1988)
—— , ‘Scientific Language and Spelling Standardisation’, in The Development of Standard
English 1300–1800, ed. by Laura Wright (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press,
2000), pp. 131–54
—— , ‘Scriptorial “House-Styles” and Discourse Communities’, in Medical and Scientific
Writing in Late Medi­eval English, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (Cam­
bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2004), pp. 209–40
—— , ‘Standardisation, House Styles, and the Scope of Variation’, in Rethinking Middle
English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches, ed. by Nikolaus Ritt and Herbert Schendl
(Frankfurt: Peter Langa, 2005), pp. 89–109
—— , ‘Transferring Classical Discourse Conventions into the Vernacular’, in Medical and
Scientific Writing in Late Medi­eval English, ed. by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta
(Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2004), pp. 37–72
Taavitsainen, Irma, and Päivi Pahta, ‘The Corpus of Early English Medical Writing
(1375–1800) — a Register-Specific Diachronic Corpus for Studying the History of
236 Works Cited

Scientific Writing’, in Studies in Variation, Contacts and Change in English: Principles

and Practices for the Digital Editing and Annotation of Diachronic Data (Helsinki:
Research Unit for the Study of Variation, Contacts and Change in English, 2013)
<http://www.helsinki.fi/varieng/series/volumes/14/taavitsainen_pahta/> [accessed
24 November 2015]
Taavitsainen, Irma, Päivi Pahta, and Martti Mäkinen, Middle English Medical Texts,
CD-ROM (Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2005)
Takamiya, Toshiyuki, ‘A Handlist of Western Medi­eval Manu­scripts in the Takamiya
Collec­tion’, in The Medi­eval Book: Glosses from Friends & Colleagues of Christopher De
Hamel, ed. by James H. Marrow, Richard A. Linenthel and William Noel (Houten:
Hes & De Graaf Publishers, 2010), pp. 421–40
Talbot, Charles H., and Eugene Ashby Hammond, The Medical Practitioners in Medi­eval
England: A  Biographical Register (London: Wellcome Historical Medical Library,
1965)
Tavormina, M. Teresa, ‘Roger Bacon: Two Extracts on the Prolongation of Life’, in Sex,
Aging, & Death in a Medi­eval Medical Compendium: Trinity College Cam­bridge MS
R.14.52. Its Texts, Language, and Scribe, ed. by M. Teresa Tavormina, 2 vols (Tempe:
Arizona Center for Medi­eval and Renaissance Studies, 2006), i, 327–72
—— , ‘The Twenty-Jordan Series: An Illustrated Middle English Uroscopy Text’, ANQ,
18 (2005), 40–64
Temkin, Owsei, Galenism: Rise and Decline of a Medical Philosophy (Ithaca: Cornell Uni­
ver­sity Press, 1973)
Thomason, Sarah G., Language Contact (Edinburgh: Edinburgh Uni­ver­sity Press, 2001)
Venn, John, Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates
and Holders of Office at the Uni­ver­sity of Cam­bridge, from the Earliest Time to 1900, 2
pts in 10 vols (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1922–54)
Voigts, Linda Ehrsam, ‘The Character of the Carecter: Ambiguous Sigils in Scientific and
Medical Texts’, in Latin and Vernacular: Studies in Late-Medi­eval Texts and Manu­
scripts, ed. by Alastair J. Minnis (Cam­bridge: Brewer, 1989), pp. 91–109
—— , ‘A Doctor and his Books: The Manu­scripts of Roger Marchall (d. 1477)’, in New
Science Out of Old Books: Studies in Manu­scripts and Early Printed Books in Honour
of A. I. Doyle, ed. by Richard Beadle and A. J. Piper (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1995), pp.
249–314
—— , ‘The Golden Table of Pythagoras’, in Popular and Practical Science of Medi­eval
England, ed. by Lister M. Matheson (East Lansing: Colleagues Press, 1994), pp. 123–40
—— , ‘The Master of the King’s Stillatories’, in The Lancastrian Court: Proceedings of the
2001 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. by Jenny Stratford (Donington: Shaun Tyas, 2003),
pp. 233–52
—— , ‘Medical Prose’, in Middle English Prose: A  Critical Guide to Major Authors and
Genres, ed. by A. S. G. Edwards (New Brunswick: Rutgers, 1984), pp. 315–35
—— , ‘Scientific and Medical Books’, in Book Production and Publishing in Britain,
1375–1475 (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 1989), pp. 345–402
Works Cited 237

—— , ‘The “Sloane Group”: Related Scientific and Medical Manu­scripts from the Fifteenth
Century in the Sloane Collection’, The British Library Journal, 16 (1990), 26–57
—— , ‘What’s the Word? Bilingualism in Late-Medi­eval England’, Speculum, 71 (1996),
813–26
Waldron, Ronald, ‘Dialect Aspects of Manu­scripts of Trevisa’s Translation of the Poly­
chronicon’, in Regionalism in Late Medi­eval Manu­scripts and Texts: Essays Celebrating
the Publication of a Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English, ed. by Felicity Riddy
(Bury St. Edmunds: Brewer, 1991), pp. 67–87
Walsh, John A., and Edd Hooper Wallace, ‘The Liberty of Invention: Alchemical Dis­
course and Information Technology Standardization’, Literary & Linguistic Com­
puting, 27 (2012), 55–79
Wenzel, Siegfried, Macaronic Sermons: Bilingualism and Preaching in Late-Medi­eval
England (Ann Arbor: Uni­ver­sity of Michigan Press, 1994)
Williams, Steven J., ‘Roger Bacon and his Edition of the Pseudo-Aristotelian Secretum
Secretorum’, Speculum, 69 (1997), 57–73
Wright, Laura, ‘About the Evolution of Standard English’, in Doubt Wisely: Papers in
Honour of E. G. Stanley, ed. by M. J. Toswell and E. M. Tyler (London: Routledge,
1996), pp. 99–115
—— , ‘The Contact Origins of Standard English’, in English as a Contact Language (Cam­
bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2013), pp. 58–74
—— , ‘Introduction’, in The Development of Standard English, 1300–1800, ed. by Laura
Wright (Cam­bridge: Cam­bridge Uni­ver­sity Press, 2000), pp. 1–8
—— , ‘On the Writing of the History of Standard English’, in English Historical Linguistics:
1992, ed. by Francisco Fernández, Miguel Fuster, and Juan José Calvo (Amsterdam:
Benjamins, 1994), pp. 105–15
—— , ‘On Variation in Medi­eval Mixed-Language Business Writing’, in Code-Switching
in Early English, ed. by Herbert Schendl and Laura Wright (Berlin: Gruyter, 2011),
pp. 191–218
238 Works Cited

Online Resources
AND = The Anglo- Norman Dictionary (part of the Anglo-Norman Hub)
Anglo-Norman Hub <http://www.anglo-norman.net> [accessed 29 April 2016]
The British National Corpus, Version 3 (BNC XML Edition, 2007) <http://www.nat-
corp.ox.ac.uk/> [accessed 29 April 2016]
Burnley, David, and Alison Wiggins, The Auchinleck Manu­script (National Library of
Scotland, 2003). <http://auchinleck.nls.uk> [accessed 29 April 2016]
eTK = A digital resource based on Lynn Thorndike and Pearl Kibre, A Catalogue of Incipits
of Mediaeval Scientific Writings in Latin (Cam­bridge, MA: Mediaeval Academy of
America, 1963) (and supplements) <http://cctr1.umkc.edu/search> [accessed 29
Sept­ember 2016]
eVK = (2014) An expanded and revised version of Linda Ehrsam Voigts and Patricia
Deery Kurtz, Scientific and Medical Writings in Old and Middle English: An Electronic
Reference CD (Ann Arbor: Uni­ver­sity of Michigan Press, 2000) <http://cctr1.umkc.
edu/search> [accessed 29 September 2016]
McIntosh, Angus, and others, An Electronic Version of a Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval
English (Edinburgh: Uni­ver­sity of Edinburgh, 2013) <http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/ihd/
elalme/elalme.html> [accessed 29 April 2016]
MED: Middle English Dictionary (Regents of the Uni­ver­sity of Michigan, 2001). <http://
quod.lib.umich.edu/m/mec/> [accessed 29 April 2016]
Mooney, Linne, Simon Horobin, and Estelle Stubbs, Late Medi­eval English Scribes
<http://www.medievalscribes.com> [accessed 29 April 2016]
OED: Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford Uni­ver­sity Press) <www.oed.com> [accessed
29 April 2016]
Schoenberg Database of Manu­scripts (Penn Libraries, Uni­ver­sity of Pennsylvania) <http://
dla.library.upenn.edu/cocoon/dla/schoenberg/record.html?start=6375&fq=
height_facet%3A%22211%20-%20220%22&id=SCHOENBERG_210165&>
[accessed 12 January 2016]
 Index of Manuscripts

Boston, Countway, MS Ballard 19: 2–4, 7, 10–12, 18–20, 26, 35–38, 40–41, 43, 46,
62–63, 107–08, 135, 136, 170, 173, 176–78, 185–89, 191, 210–12
Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 336/725: 7, 10–14, 17, 38, 47–49, 62, 171,
173, 176
Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.1.77: 2, 7, 10–14, 17, 35, 38, 41, 43–46, 62–63, 77,
89, 107–08, 117–18, 127, 129–30, 136–38, 171, 173, 176–78, 189, 190–92, 199,
211
London, British Library, MS Additional 5467: 7, 19, 107, 109–10, 115, 120, 211
—— , MS Additional 19674: 2, 6, 9, 84–87, 93–94, 104–106, 108, 113, 119, 125, 127,
140–44, 146, 148, 172, 191–92, 194–95, 198, 196, 200–02, 204–06
—— , MS Harley 1735: 113–16, 120, 126
—— , MS Sloane 1118: 5–6, 8–9, 36–37, 50, 63, 65–77, 78, 82–84, 86–92, 95–99, 102,
104–106, 108, 116, 119, 124–25, 140–42, 144, 146, 148–52, 172, 194–95, 196, 198,
200–02, 205, 208, 210, 214–24
—— , MS Sloane 1313: 6, 9, 20, 50, 56, 78–79, 80, 86–87, 99, 104–06, 110, 119, 124, 140
—— , MS Sloane 2320: 6–7, 9–14, 20, 37, 50–63, 65, 77–80, 84, 86–87, 89, 91–92, 94,
98–99, 103–06, 108, 116–119, 125, 130–32, 135, 172, 179, 180, 182, 194–96, 198,
200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210–12
—— , MS Sloane 2567: 6, 9, 37, 79, 80–81, 86–89, 91–92, 104–106, 119, 124–25, 140,
172, 194–96, 198, 200–02, 206
—— , MS Sloane 2948: 5–6, 9, 19–20, 37, 60, 82–84, 86–87, 95–96, 98, 102, 104–06,
108, 110, 115, 119, 140, 142, 144–45, 147, 149, 152, 172, 191, 194–96, 198, 200,
202, 205, 211
—— , MS Sloane 3566: 6–7, 10–14, 17, 35, 38–43, 62–63, 77, 107, 117, 131–32, 134–37,
172–74, 176–78, 180, 182–84, 189, 191, 211
London, Wellcome Library, MS 784: 7, 15, 111–12, 119
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson C.815: 7, 112–13, 120
—— , MS e Musaeo 155: 7, 116–18, 119–20
Tokyo, Takamiya Collection, MS 33: 7, 10–14, 17, 47, 49, 62, 172–74, 176, 180, 182,
192–4

accidentibus. See Pseudo-Bacon,
De accidentibus senectutis et senii
accidentium. See Pseudo-Bacon,
De retardatione accidentium senectutis
Ad capillos denigrandos, recipe: 141, 148
Adam Pinkhurst, scribe: 27, 160
ageing: 9, 50, 52, 55–57, 59, 60–62, 65,
106, 125
Agnus Castus, herbal treatise: 82
agriculture: 109–110
Albertus Magnus. See Pseudo-Albertus
alchemy: 4–6, 9, 65–70, 72–77, 80–82,
86–100, 102–03, 106, 108–09, 121,
123–25, 140–53, 172, 210–14
alchemist’s opus: 91
Byzantine: 87
medicinal: 45, 61
metallurgical: 89, 92
metaphoric language: 54, 90–92, 148
mystical: 54, 90
alcohol-based medicine: 2, 13–14, 16–17,
45, 55, 70, 74, 89, 141, 145–46,
149–51, 221
alembic vessel: 13
Almagest. See Ptolemy
almanacs, printed: 15
Alphonso X, king of Castile, Léon,
and Galicia: 163
Anatomia Porci. See Copho
anchor texts: 156–57, 179
St Andrew’s Cross.
See watermarks, Bull’s head
Anglicana, script: 10, 41, 44, 48, 112
Anglo-Norman. See French
General Index
Anna de Beauchamp, sixteenth
countess of Warwick: 93
annotations: 43, 46, 49, 73, 81, 85, 91–93
apothecaries: 133, 135
apothecaries’ weights: 137
Aqua, healing waters:
Aqua ardens: 11, 13–14, 16, 55, 61, 89,
128, 146
Aqua mirabilis: 11, 48, 128
Aqua vitae: 2, 85–86, 89, 142, 145–46
Ar Rāzī, Persian physician and alchemist: 55
Arabic:
language: 75, 90, 133–35, 145, 151–52
numerals: 71, 80
sources: 54, 72, 75, 88, 90, 126
Arderne, John. See John Arderne
Aristotle: 57
Aristotelian medicine: 15
texts attributed to Aristotle.
See Pseudo-Aristotle
Armenian Bole, armoniac, armonyac,
medical ingredient: 129, 132–33
Arms of Valencia. See watermarks,
Arms of Valencia
Arnald of Villanova, Catalan physician.
See Pseudo-Arnaldus of Villanova
Arnaldus Grecus: 66, 223
Ars sintrillia: 67, 124, 221
Ashmole, Elias: 92, 94
asma, asthma: 147
astrology: 6, 7, 9, 10, 14–17, 41, 43, 45–49,
51, 78, 84–85, 93–94, 102, 111, 113,
115, 121, 123–124, 128–29, 132, 210
astronomy: 93–94, 123–124
242 GENERAL INDEX

Auchinleck manuscript: 160 capillos. See Ad capillos denigrandos

Avicenna. See Ibn-Sīnā cardiac vein: 136
Cardinal Wolsey: 163, 169
Bacon, Roger, Franciscan scholar. Castri. See Dominus Castri goet
See Pseudo-Bacon; Roger Bacon Catalan, language: 4, 95
Barba, Johannes de. See John of Burgundy Caxton, William. See William Caxton
barber-surgeons: 51, 126 Chancery:
Bartholomeus Anglicus, encyclopaedic office: 117, 158, 162–66, 169
author: 17, 133 standard: 155, 162–66, 169, 213
Bastard Secretary. See Secretary, script chancellerie royale, Paris: 163
baths. See King’s Bath chancellery of Toledo: 163
Beauchamp, Anna de. charms: 79, 82, 113, 126–27, 142–43
See Anna de Beauchamp charts:
bespoke book trade. See book trade, bespoke alchemical: 67
Bethazaer, medicine: 135–36 astrological: 15, 48
bilingualism: 3, 20, 122, 130 Chauliac. See Guy de Chauliac
binding: 10, 30, 35–36, 38, 47, 49, 50, 52, Chauliac/Rosarium dialect: 168, 209
55, 61, 63, 66, 77, 78, 80, 84, 109, 111, Chirurgia Magna: 171
112, 117 choler. See humours
book binders: 1, 24, 28 chrysopoeia, transmutation of base metals
Black Death: 16, 123 into precious: 88–89, 92, 95
bleeding. See phlebotomy clauses:
bloodletting. See phlebotomy dependent: 134
blue ink, blue decorations. See ink, blue imperative: 139
Bole, bole armoniac. See Armenian Bole independent: 133–34
book trade: paratactic: 150
bespoke: 24, 29, 32, 38, 62, 211 ut-finale: 148
collaboration between book artisans: 19, clergy: 61, 123, 158
25, 27–28, 29–30, 38, 212 code-switching: 151
co-ordination: 2, 5, 20–21, 28, 43 extrasentential: 133, 143, 152
‘farming-out’ or outsourcing: 27, 43, 61 flagging: 134–36, 146–47, 152
freelance scribes: 2, 18, 26 intersentential: 133, 152
speculative: 1–3, 21, 25, 29–30, 32, 43, intrasentential: 133, 138, 140, 150,
46, 62–63, 211–12 152, 213
booklets: 31–33, 38, 46, 50–64, 67–79, codicization: 33, 77
80–81, 83–84, 85, 86–87, 91, 94, 95, coitus. See sexual intercourse
98, 99, 102, 104–08, 110, 115–16, 117, Cokkes. See John Cokkes
119, 125, 130, 140, 172, 210–12 collaboration between book artisans.
Bordeaux, John of. See John of Burgundy See book trade, collaboration
brown ink, brownish ink. See ink, brown Collectanea Medica.
Bruges, city: 23, 29–30, 63, 211 See Index of Manuscripts: Boston,
Brut, chronicle: 29 Countway, MS Ballard 19
Bull’s head. See watermarks, Bull’s head colophon: 4, 24, 95, 117
Burdegalia. See John of Burgundy comments. See annotations
commissions. See book trade, bespoke;
calculations, astrological: 3, 15, 46, 48, book trade, speculative
129–30, 210–11 commonplace book. See John Crophill
callosity: 94 Company of Stationers.
Canterbury Tales: 27, 133, 183 See Stationers’ Company
GENERAL INDEX 243
compressed (Secretary) hand.
See Secretary, script
condicionibus. See De condicionibus
septem planetarum
Confessio amantis: 27, 29
continental Europe: 2, 18, 26, 58, 122
contracts. See book trade
Copho, Salernitan author:
Anatomia Porci: 38
De parva anathomia Galeni: 38
Core Group: 2, 4, 6–10, 19–21, 50, 52, 58,
59, 60, 63, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, 76, 77,
78–79, 80–81, 82–84, 85–94, 97–99,
101, 104, 106, 107–08, 109–13, 116,
117, 119–20, 123–25, 139–40, 142,
145, 148, 150, 152, 155, 169–172,
179, 191, 192, 194–209, 210–14
courts: 1, 24, 26, 88, 96, 99, 157, 166
episcopal courts: 23
Cremona, Gerard of.
See Gerard of Cremona
crescent moon. See watermarks, Bull’s head
Cromwell, Thomas: 58–59
Crophill, John. See John Crophill
cropping: 36–38, 43, 111
crown. See watermarks, Bull’s head
damage, damaged leaves: 32, 72, 78–79,
80–82, 84–85, 109, 112
Daniel, Henry. See Henry Daniel
dark ink. See ink, dark
De condicionibus septem planetarum: 11, 15
De occultacione lapidis: 70, 217
De parva anathomia Galeni. See Copho
De regimine sanitatis: 11, 13, 16, 48,
61–62, 128
De signis sumptis per lunam in quo signo
zodiaci sit: 11, 15, 128
Decknamen, alchemical cover names: 90
decoration, manuscript: 9, 10, 24, 31, 37,
38, 42–44, 46–49, 51, 61–62, 66–67,
74, 76–78, 102, 106, 112–13, 117
Dee, John, mathematician,
occult philosopher: 67
Delta-scribe: 27, 209
de luxe manuscripts: 10, 62
denigrandos, dyeing hair.
See Ad capillos denigrandos
diagnosis: 10, 12, 15, 85, 129–30
diet, treatment: 17, 61–62, 126
digestives. See Manipulus medicine
de digestivis et laxativis
dilectissime frater. See John of Burgundy
dimidium. See apothecaries’ weights
discourse markers: 133
distillation. See alcohol-based medicine
domain, in genre theory: 121, 123–25, 150,
152–53, 164, 168, 209, 213
Dominus Castri goet, author of a
Pseudo-Baconian treatise: 53
drachm, drame. See apothecaries’ weights
dung: 150
Dutch, language: 14
Ebesham, William. See William Ebesham
Edward III, King of England: 93, 162
Edward IV, King of England: 20, 97–98,
108, 164
efficacy statement, in a recipe: 13, 151
Egypt: 72, 87
elements
four elements: 115, 118, 150
fifth element: 45, 59, 60, 61, 89, 142, 146,
150
language-independent: 136, 138
elixir of life: 4, 88–89
Ellesmere manuscript: 27, 160, 183
elves: 126
Emerald Tablet: 71–72, 223
empic, empicus, empique, inflammation of
the chest: 147
encyclopaedias, encyclopaedic tradition:
17, 127
epar. See liver
epidemics. See pestilence; Black Death;
John of Burgundy
epistolary version. See John of Burgundy
Exchequer, office: 164
exemplar: 1, 28, 30, 31, 63, 72, 117, 120,
131, 137, 152, 156, 164, 168, 172, 211
Expositiones colorum urinarum in ordine:
11–13, 128, 130
extrasentential. See code-switching
famulatu. See Pseudo-Bacon
‘farming-out’ or outsourcing of manuscripts.
See book trade
fascicle, fascicular. See booklets
244 GENERAL INDEX
Fauceby, John. See John Fauceby
fever: 10, 45, 134
fifth element. See elements, fifth element
filigranes. See watermarks
fimo equino. See dung
Fistula in ano. See John Arderne
flagging. See code-switching
flasks. See jordans
flatulence: 13
flowers. See watermarks, flowers
flyleaves: 37, 43–44, 46, 84, 137–38
folk healers: 124
formata, grade of handwriting: 10, 44, 46
fornacum. See Pseudo-Jābir
fragments: 7, 41, 58–59, 79, 80, 83, 106,
112–13, 120
frame ruling: 42, 47, 49, 59, 76, 79, 83,
109–10, 117
France: 109, 116, 158, 162–64
freelance scribes. See book trade
French, language: 14, 68, 70, 72–73, 78–79,
93, 95, 102, 105, 110, 121–23, 126,
134, 136–37, 139–40, 145–47, 152,
157–58, 162–65, 209
furnaces, illustrations of: 67, 75, 89
Gale, Roger, collector: 44
Galen, Galenism: 13, 15, 41, 126
gallice. See French
Garton, Giles: 112
gatherings. See quiring
Geber. See Pseudo-Jābir
genre, genres: 1, 15, 30, 33, 43, 54, 57, 88,
121, 123–25, 178, 209
George Ripley, alchemist: 98
Gerard of Cremona, translator of
Liber de Veritate Hypocratis: 58
Ghent-Bruges books of hours: 29–30, 63, 211
Gilbert Kymer, physician: 20, 98
glosses: 25, 51, 129, 135, 136, 145, 152, 213
Golden Table of Pythagoras: 48
Gower, John. See John Gower
grade. See formata; media
grapes. See watermarks, grapes
Greek:
influence and traditions: 13, 72, 90, 124,
126–27
language and vocabulary: 130, 133, 145
guilds: 24, 26, 126, 160
Gutenberg, Johannes: 1
Guy de Chauliac: 48, 146, 167–68, 171
gynaecological texts: 113
haematoscopy: 85
Hammond scribe: 168–69, 178, 187, 201
hand or glove. See watermarks,
hand or glove
handful. See apothecaries’ weights
Hattecliffe, William.
See William Hattecliffe
headache: 82
headings: 25, 37, 42, 45, 48, 55, 69–70, 72,
81, 92, 102, 106, 113, 116, 131, 132,
140–42
Hebrew, language: 14
Hengwrt manuscript: 27, 160, 183
Henry IV, King of England: 88–89, 95, 162
Henry V, King of England: 94, 158, 162,
164–65
Henry VI, King of England: 2, 5, 94–95,
97–99, 109, 141
Henry Daniel, monk and translator: 17
Henry Machyn. See Machyn, Henry
herbals, genre: 9, 58, 78, 82–84, 87, 98,
106, 123, 208
Hermann Zurke of Greifswald, scribe: 20
Hermes Trismegistus, the legendary founder
of alchemy: 70–72, 223
Hiera Picra: 142, 145
Higden, Ranulph. See Ranulph Higden
Hippocrates. See Pseudo-Hippocrates
Hippocratic medicine: 15
Hoccleve. See Thomas Hoccleve
holograph, scribal: 98, 100
Hortolanus. See Ortolanus Martinus
humours, humoral theory: 12–14, 98,
124, 142
choler: 12, 142
melancholy: 12
phlegm: 12, 99
sanguine: 43, 83
Ibn-Sīnā: 88
ierapigre. See Hiera Picra
illumination: 29–30, 31, 38, 45, 62
initials:
decorated: 9, 38, 42, 44, 48–49, 51, 62,
66, 76–77, 106, 112, 117
GENERAL INDEX 245
‘R. B.’ initials: 117
missing: 9, 29, 51, 72, 78–79, 102, 106, 110
ink:
blue: 10, 37, 42–44, 48, 51, 66, 74,
76–77, 112, 117
brown: 37, 39, 41, 81, 110, 116, 130
dark: 38, 41, 43, 67, 81, 92
red: 10, 37–38, 40, 42, 44, 47, 48, 51, 66,
74, 76–77, 112, 117, 130, 133
yellow: 48
instruments, illustrations of: 67, 75
intersentential. See code-switching
intrasentential. See code-switching
italic hand: 69, 73
jerapigra. See Hiera Picra
John XXII, pope: 88
John Arderne, surgeon: 98, 136, 166
John of Burgundy, medical author: 7, 11,
14–16, 37, 55, 111–12, 128–31,
133–36, 152
John Cokkes, physician: 116–17
John Crophill, amateur medical
practitioner: 7, 8, 16, 93, 107,
113–16, 126
commonplace book: 8, 16, 93, 107,
113–16
John Dastin, alchemist: 66, 74, 89, 221
John Dee. See Dee, John
John Fauceby, physician and alchemist:
94–95
John Gower, poet: 160
John Kirkby, alchemist: 4–5, 71–72, 83,
94, 95–100, 116
John Lydgate, poet: 109
John Paston (II): 2, 18, 26, 37–38, 62–63,
163, 185, 211
John Paston (III): 163
John Pauper, alchemist: 66, 224
John Rainy, alchemist: 95
John of Rupescissa, Catalan alchemist and
doomsday prophet: 45, 50, 59, 66, 74,
89, 91, 117, 220
Book of Quintessence: 45–46, 50, 59, 61,
74, 89, 91, 117, 220
John Shirley, scribe: 19, 109, 211
John Trevisa, translator: 17, 133, 159, 171
jordans, urine flasks: 12, 39, 42, 45–46,
48–49, 51, 111, 131
King’es Bath, alchemical verses: 68–69, 125,
172, 215
‘Kingmaker’. See Richard Neville
Kirkby. See John Kirkby
Kymer. See Gilbert Kymer
Lancastrians, Lancastrian monarchs: 29, 94,
99, 162
Lanfranc, surgeon: 133
lapidary, genre: 57
lapis philosophorum. See Philosophers’ Stone
lapwing, bird: 145
Latin, language: 2–4, 12, 14–17, 20, 35–38,
42, 45, 47, 49–50, 53, 55, 68–70, 72,
78–81, 82–83, 84–86, 90–91, 93,
95, 102–03, 105–06, 111, 113, 115,
117, 119, 121–23, 127–52, 157, 162,
164–65, 209, 213
Latin alchemical tradition: 53, 87, 90
laxative remedies. See Manipulus medicine
de digestivis et laxativis
Layamon. See Brut, chronicle
layout. See mise-en-page
leprosy: 45
Liber de judiciis urinae: 111
Liber de secretis naturalis: 76, 220, 222
Liber de veritate Hypocratis: 50, 58
Liber librum aperit, alchemical aphorism: 91
libra. See apothecaries’ weights
limners: 1, 24, 28
literacy: 1, 3, 20, 23, 122
litterae notabiliores: 45, 48
liver: 10, 138
Llull, Ramón. See Ramón Llull
loan translations: 132–33
Lollards: 167
London: 4–5, 19–20, 23–24, 26–29, 83, 94,
98, 121, 155, 158–62, 165–67, 168–70,
172–173, 175–78, 183–201, 204–214
metropolitan area of London: 19, 184,
204, 209
love poetry: 52
Lydgate. See John Lydgate
macaronic. See code-switching
Machyn, Henry: 163
magic: 6, 9, 50, 57–58, 60–61, 63, 65, 77,
85–87, 98, 102, 106, 121, 123–125,
127, 210
246 GENERAL INDEX
manicule: 37, 40
manipulus. See apothecaries’ weights
Manipulus medicine de digestivis et laxativis:
10, 12, 14–15, 17, 99, 128
manuscript abbreviations: 44, 127, 129,
136–39, 143, 145–46, 149, 151, 187
Marchall. See Roger Marchall
Margaret, Princess of York: 18
marginal comments. See annotations
marriage, alchemical: 148–49
measles: 37
measurements. See apothecaries’ weights
media, grade of handwriting: 10, 41, 44, 112
melancholy. See humours
MEMT, Middle English Medical Texts:
126–27, 172, 178
mercury, substance: 74, 81, 89, 148, 221
Merlin, wizard: 70, 109
metallurgical alchemy. See alchemy
metaphor. See alchemy
metatextual: 131, 140
miasma, 1348: 16
Middle English, language: 2, 4, 12, 14–15,
35, 45, 47, 48–50, 68–70, 73, 78,
80, 82, 84, 86–87, 91, 93, 102–04,
108, 110–111, 115, 120, 121–123,
126–127–34, 136, 138–42, 144–52,
155–209
minuscule: 209
Mischsprache: 168, 172
mise-en-page: 2, 4–5, 7–10, 25, 50, 60, 65,
66–68, 72, 78–79, 82, 84–86, 101–02,
112, 116, 210
monasteries: 18, 23, 87
monogrammatic letter. See watermarks,
monogrammatic letter
mounted leaves: 78, 80, 82–83, 106,
113, 115
mounts. See watermarks, mounts
multiplication. See chrysopoeia
Muslim authorities: 75
mystical. See alchemy
Neville, Richard. See Richard Neville
notebook. See John Crophill
oak-apple: 148
obstetrical recipes and charms: 113
Ochsenkopf. See watermarks, Ochsenkopf
OED, Oxford English Dictionary: 132–33,
137, 145–46
ointment to bring sleep: 55
on spec. See book trade
opus. See alchemy
Opus philosophicum. See Pseudo-Bacon
Opus de elixir aquarum ad album.
See John Dastin
Ortolanus Martinus: 71–72, 74
ounce. See apothecaries’ weights
ovens. See furnaces, illustrations of
Palgrave, Thomas Martin, antiquarian
and lawyer: 84
parataxis. See clauses
parchminers: 24
Paris, city: 16, 31, 163
Paschal lamb. See watermarks, Paschal lamb
Paston, John. See John Paston
Paternoster Row, London: 24, 26
St Paul’s, London: 26
pecia system: 31
pestilence: 16, 123
remedies against: 55, 61, 113, 131
See also Black Death; John of Burgundy
petition of alchemists, 1456: 4, 95, 100
Philosophers’ stone: 70–71, 217, 224
phlebotomy, bloodletting: 85, 115, 126–27
phlegm, phlegmatic. See humours
physiognomy: 15, 48, 78
pigs. See Copho
Pillulis contra pestilenciam, pills against
pestilence: 50, 54–57, 61
Pinkhurst. See Adam Pinkhurst
plague. See pestilence
planets. See seven planets
Playter. See Thomas Playter
Polychronicon. See Ranulph Higden
potable gold: 69, 73
pound. See apothecaries’ weights
practica, genre: 123
Practica urinarum: 10, 12, 103, 128,
134, 172
Privy Seal, office: 27, 160, 164
professional scribes: 8, 25–26, 27, 44,
62–63, 112, 113–15
prognosis: 11, 17, 111, 113, 115
pseudepigraphy: 4, 45, 50, 52, 54–58,
60–61, 66, 70–71, 74–76, 90, 95, 124
GENERAL INDEX 247
Pseudo-Albertus: 50, 57
Book of Secrets: 50
Pseudo-Aristotle: 11, 13, 54, 62, 128
Pseudo-Arnaldus of Villanova: 9, 45, 50, 54–56,
61, 63, 66, 76, 89, 91, 98, 220, 222
Liber de secretis naturalis: 76, 220, 222
De vinis: 45–46, 55, 61, 89
Pseudo-Bacon:
De accidentibus senectutis et senii: 56, 118
De famulatu philosophiae: 50, 59
De retardatione accidentium senectutis: 51,
52–56, 60–61, 117–18
Opus philosophicum: 70
Speculum Alchymiae/Alkame: 70, 76,
91, 218, 220
Pseudo-Galen. See Copho
Pseudo-Hippocrates: 50, 58–59, 61
Liber de veritate Hypocratis: 50, 58–59, 61
Secreta Hypocratis: 58
Pseudo-Jābir alias Geber, Arab alchemist:
66, 74–75, 90, 98, 218–19
Liber fornacum: 74–75, 218
Pseudo-Llull: 4, 66, 89, 95
Testamentum: 4, 95
Ptolemy, Greek astronomer:
Almagest: 124
Pulvis imperialis. See Bethazaer
Pulvis Walteri: 13
purgative remedies: 12, 15, 17, 48, 128, 145
Pythagoras. See Golden Table of Pythagoras
quarter. See measurements
quarto-sized codices: 7–8, 50, 78, 84, 102,
106, 109, 111, 119, 209
quintessence. See elements, fifth element
quiring: 9, 27, 36, 38, 41–43, 44, 46, 47,
50–60, 65, 66–77, 78–79, 80–81,
82–84, 84–87, 91, 92, 104, 108,
109–10, 111–12, 112–13, 113–16,
116–18, 119–20, 152
in tens: 9, 102, 106, 109
raisins. See watermarks, grapes
Ramón Llull. See Pseudo-Llull
Ranulph Higden: 159
Raymond Llull. See Pseudo-Llull
red ink. See ink, red
regimen, genre: 13, 16, 48, 61, 62, 79, 85,
123, 128
Rhazes. See Ar Rāzī
rhyme: 151
Richard Neville alias Kingmaker,
16th Earl of Warwick: 93
Richard III, King of England: 93
Ripley. See George Ripley
Robert Broke, master of the king’s
stillatories: 2
Roger Bacon: 116–18.
See also Pseudo-Bacon
Roger Marchall, collector and patron:
93–94, 99
Rosarium. See Chauliac/Rosarium
rubrications. See ink, red
Rupescissa. See John of Rupescissa
sanguine. See humours
scales. See watermarks, scales
scholastic medicine: 15–17, 87, 91,
126–26, 211
scissors. See watermarks, scissors
scriptorium, scriptoria: 1, 27–28, 30, 38,
62–63, 167–69, 177, 211–12
scriveners: 20, 25, 27, 160
scruple. See apothecaries’ weights
sealed earth. See Terra sigillata
secrets, genre: 54, 57, 61–62, 65
Secretum secretorum: 7, 47, 49, 54, 109
Secretary, script: 10, 18, 41, 59, 66, 69–72,
74, 79–84, 86, 102–06, 110, 113,
115–16, 119–20, 142, 210
Bastard Secretary: 69, 72, 102, 106, 110,
113, 116, 119, 142
compressed Secretary hand: 9, 70, 72, 79,
80, 84, 86, 101–02, 104, 106, 110,
112, 116, 118, 210
semis. See apothecaries’ weights
seven planets: 11, 15, 67, 115, 128, 148,
171–72, 176, 192
sextodecimo, paper size: 44
sexual intercourse: 37, 40, 74
Shirley. See John Shirley
Sibling Group: 2, 4, 6–7, 9–19, 20, 35–63,
66, 86, 89, 107–08, 112, 116–17, 120,
127–139, 142, 146, 148, 152, 155, 168,
169, 170–172, 173–194, 195, 198,
210–214
Sibling Set Text: 4, 7, 9–19, 35–63, 64, 99,
103, 111, 115, 120, 127–139, 172,
173–194, 210–214
248 GENERAL INDEX
Signa sanguinis peccantis: 83
Signet, office: 158
Sintrillia. See Ars sintrillia
Sloane, Sir Hans, physician and collector:
5, 52, 92
Sloane manuscript.
See Index of Manu­scripts: London,
British Library, MS Sloane
speculative book production. See book trade
Staleworthe. See William Stalworth
standardization, the development of
written standard English: 157–69
stationers: 1, 24, 28, 29
Stationers’ Company: 24
sublimation, an alchemical process: 144
surgery, surgeons: 78, 94, 97, 99, 126–27,
133, 136, 146, 167–68, 177–78
tables. See charts
Tau cross: 68, 76
Terra sigillata: 132–33
Testamentum. See Pseudo-Llull
Teutonicus. See Pseudo-Albertus Magnus
text-writers, guild: 25–26
Theatro Chymico: 70
Tholome. See Ptolemy
Thomas Cromwell.
See Cromwell, Thomas
Thomas Hoccleve, poet: 160
Thomas Leenys, Paston agent: 26
Thomas Norton, lawyer,
poet and alchemist: 98
Thomas Playter, Norfolk lawyer: 163
To make a broken sword whole, recipe: 73,
89, 140–41
toothache, charm for: 142–42
Tractatus de complexione pueri et matri: 41
transmutation. See chrysopoeia
Trevisa. See John Trevisa
trilingualism: 165, 213
Trismegistus. See Hermes Trismegistus
Twenty-Jordan Series: 10–12, 16, 39, 45,
48–49, 51, 128, 130–31, 151, 172
unbound booklets and quires: 1, 10, 38,
60, 76, 80, 85
Unguentum sompniferum.
See ointment to bring sleep
unicorn’s head. See watermarks, unicorn’s head
unicorns. See watermarks, unicorns
universal medicine. See elixir or life.
uroscopy: 12–13, 15, 17, 46, 48–49, 78,
83, 111, 115, 123, 128, 130, 132
ventositas. See flatulence
vernacularization: 122–23
volvelle, astrological instrument: 15, 48
watermarks
Arms of Valencia: 36, 68, 70, 74, 80–81,
84, 102, 107–08
Bull’s head watermark: 56, 57, 79, 116
with St Andrew’s Cross: 44, 53, 79,
102, 107–08, 110, 116, 217
with crescent moon: 85, 108
with crown: 111–12
with Tau cross: 68
flowers: 72, 74, 83, 108
grapes: 72, 99, 108, 116
hand or glove: 112
monogrammatic letter: 110
mounts: 44, 58, 83, 105, 108
Ochsenkopf: 112
paschal lamb: 72, 108
scales: 108
scissors: 51, 56, 108, 217
unicorn’s head: 44
unicorns: 59, 108
Westminster: 1–3, 5, 18–19, 26, 63, 107,
158–60, 162, 169, 185, 211
William Caxton, printer: 1–2, 7, 19–20, 23,
37, 46, 107, 116, 158, 163, 169, 213
William Ebesham, scribe: 2, 4, 18–19, 26,
35, 37–38, 40, 62–63, 107, 130, 170,
185, 187, 211, 213
William Hattecliffe, physician and
diplomat: 94
William Stalworth, Royal surgeon: 94, 99, 127
wine. See Pseudo-Arnaldus of Villanova
Wolsey. See Cardinal Wolsey
woodcut: 42
Writers of the Court Letter, guild: 24, 26
Wycliffite texts: 159, 166–67
yellow ink. See ink, yellow
Yorkists: 29, 97
ypocras. See Pseudo-Hippocrates
zodiac man: 15, 38, 42–43, 46, 51
 Texts and Transitions

All volumes in this series are evaluated by an Editorial Board, strictly on academic
grounds, based on reports prepared by referees who have been commissioned
by virtue of their specialism in the appropriate field. The Board ensures that the
screening is done independently and without conflicts of interest. The definitive
texts supplied by authors are also subject to review by the Board before being
approved for publication. Further, the volumes are copyedited to conform to the
publisher’s stylebook and to the best international academic standards in the field.

Titles in Series
Jane H. M. Taylor, The Making of Poetry: Late-Medieval French Poetic Anthologies (2007)
Rebecca L. Schoff, Reformations: Three Medieval Authors in Manuscript and Movable
Type (2008)
Alexandra Barratt, Anne Bulkeley and her Book: Fashioning Female Piety in Early Tudor
England (2009)
Mary-Jo Arn, The Poet’s Notebook: The Personal Manuscript of Charles d’Orléans (Paris,
BnF MS fr. 25458) (2009)
The Making of the Vernon Manuscript: The Production and Contexts of Oxford, Bodleian,
MS Eng. Poet. A. 1, ed. by Wendy Scase (2013)
Probable Truth: Editing Medieval Texts from Britain in the Twenty-First Century, ed. by
Vincent Gillespie and Anne Hudson (2013)
Kathleen Tonry, Agency and Intention in English Print, 1476–1526 (2016)
Deborah L. Moore, Medieval Anglo-Irish Troubles: A Cultural Study of BL MS Harley
913 (2016)

In Preparation
Pursuing Middle English Manuscripts and their Texts: Essays in Honour of Ralph Hanna,
ed. by Simon Horobin and Aditi Nafde
Susan Powell, The Birgittines of Syon Abbey: Preaching and Print