Exploring Arduino

- Mr. Pankaj B. Devre

What is arduino
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Arduino is an open-source electronics platform
based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
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You can tell your board what to do by sending a
set of instructions to the microcontroller on the
board.

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Features of Arduino
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Inexpensive
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Cross-platform
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Simple, clear programming environment
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Open source and extensible software
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Open source and extensible hardware

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Arduino’s ATmega328
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Alf and Vegard's RISC processor.
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ATMEGA328P is high performance, low power
controller from Microchip.
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ATMEGA328P is an 8-bit microcontroller based on
AVR RISC architecture. It is the most popular of all
AVR controllers as it is used in ARDUINO boards.

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 Pins
Serial pin - TxO RAW– i/p volt regulator
Serial pin-RxI GND- Ground
Reset input -RST RST- Reset input
Ground-GND VCC-Dig. power supply
2- Digital i/o A3 – Reads analog sig.
3 A2
4 A1
5 A0
6 13 -Digital i/o
7 12
8 11
9 10
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Writing Sketches
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Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are
called sketches.
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These sketches are written in the text editor and
are saved with the file extension .ino.
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Uploading: you need to select the correct items
from the Tools > Board and Tools > Port menus.

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Current Arduino boards will reset automatically and begin the
upload.
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you'll see the RX and TX LEDs blink as the sketch is uploaded.
The Arduino Software (IDE) will display a message when the
upload is complete, or show an error.
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Serial Monitor: Choose the baud rate from the drop-down menu
that matches the rate passed to Serial.begin in your sketch.

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Arduino Program structure
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Arduino programs can be divided in three main parts:
Structure, Values (variables and constants), and
Functions.
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Software structure consist of two main functions −
– setup( ) function : initialize variables, pins, run only once
– loop( ) function : allowing your program to change and respond

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LED BLINK Program
// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

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How 16×2 LCDs work
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An LCD is an electronic display module which uses
liquid crystal to produce a visible image. The 16×2 LCD
display is a very basic module commonly used in DIYs
and circuits.
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The 16×2 translates o a display 16 characters per line
in 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed
in a 5×7 pixel matrix.

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