Plant reproduction

Review…
Put these in the correct sequence of the plant life cycle, starting with (a):

a.) development of a flower

b.) germination
c.) fertilization
d) Dispersal of seeds
e.) pollination
f.) formation of seeds
g.) growth of plant
The flower and its importance
► Flowering plants can reproduce either asexually (vegetative
propagation) or sexually.
► Flowers- are reproductive organs of a plant. It is structured to
protect, house and bring together the gametes.
► Ovule- female gamete
► Pollen grain- male gamete

5 main parts of a typical flower:

1. Gynaecium- carpel (pistils)
2. Androecium- stamens
3. Corolla- petals
4. Calyx- sepals
5. Receptacle
Parts of a flower
Parts of a flower
Pollination
Pollination- is the transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma of
other flowers of the same species.

Agents/pollinators?
Types of pollination..
 Insect Wind
Flower Large and brightly colored Small and inconspicuous
Petal Large, brightly colored Small, green or brown, no
scented nectaries at the base scent and no nectaries
of the petal

Stamen Short with anthers firmly Long filaments, with anthers

attached inside the flower
Stigma Sticky and situated inside the
flower
Pollen grain Large, sticky or spiky- small
quantities produced
Example Pride of Barbados
that having outside the flower
Large, branched and feathery
Small, smooth and light- large
quantities are produced.
Corn ( Zea mays), grass
Dispersal
► Spread of an organism from one place to another place.
► Spreading the seed away from the parent plant.
Importance:
1. To prevent overcrowding and competition.
2. To allow colonization of the new areas or habitat.

Types:
Types of dispersal
1. Dispersal by animals- the fruit is bright, fleshly and succulent
- fruits are dry and spiky and it attaches to the animal while
walking.
Examples: Orange, Mango and Burr grass
2. Dispersal by water- the fruit must be buoyant so it can float. The epicarp is
waterproof and the mesocarp is fibrous and light.
Example: Coconut and Willow
3. Dispersal by wind- fruit must be light and the seeds have radiating threads
that form a parachute.
Examples: Dandelion and Mahogany seed
4. Dispersal by explosive/ self dispersal - explosive fruits dry, split and curl
suddenly to flick out the seeds.
Examples: Garden pea (Crotalaria), Thorn apple and Pride of Barbados
Germination
► Growth of a seed into a seedling.

Factors:
1. Water
2. Oxygen
3. Warmth