The Skin

is part of the integumentary system.

Functions of the skin:
• First line of defense
• As excretory/secretory organ
• Regulation of body temperature
• Homeostasis
• Synthesis of Vitamin D
 3 layers of the skin:
1. Epidermis- top most layer. It is made up of
living and non-living cells. It is waterproof.
2. Dermis- is the second layer and is made up of
living cells.
3. Hypodermis or Fatty layer- is made up of fat
deposits.
 Epidermis
• Waterproof layer and acts as physical barrier to the
external environment.
• Made up of keratinocytes.
• Made of living and non living cells.
• Contains specialized cells called melanocytes which
produce brown pigment known as ___________.
• Melanin gives protection against ____ radiation.
• A condition without melanin is called ___________
and the person is an ___________.
 Layers of the epidermis
1. Stratum corneum- horny layer. Made up of
dead cells.
2. Stratum lucidum- This layer is found only on the
palms of the hands, fingertips, and the soles of
the feet.
3. Stratum granulosum- part of keratin production
occurs. Keratin is a protein that is the main
component of skin.
 Layers of the epidermis
4. Stratum spinosum- This layer gives the skin
strength as well as flexibility.

5. Stratum basale- This is where keratinocytes are

formed. This layer also contains melanocytes
 Dermis
• Made up of living cells.
• Contains blood vessels, nerve
endings/receptors, sweat gland, sebaceous
gland, erectile muscle and hair follicle.
 Hypodermis
• Made up of fat deposits.
What are the ways to conserve/lose heat?

Conserve heat Lose heat Comment

Blood vessel

Hair erector
muscle

Hair

Sweat gland