REVIEWER IN STATISTICS

DEFINITIONS

Estimation is the process of determining parameter values.

A point estimate is a specific numerical value of a population

parameter. The sample mean x is the best point estimate of
If the null hypothesis is true and rejected, the decision is
the population mean.
incorrect and this is a Type I error.
An interval estimate is a range of values that may contain the
If the null hypothesis is false and accepted, the decision is
parameter of a population.
incorrect and this is a Type II error.
An interval estimate, called a confidence interval, is a range of
values that is used to estimate a parameter.

There are three commonly used confidence intervals: the 90%,

the 95%, and the 99% confidence intervals.

90% the confidence interval is ±1.65, if 95% ±1.96 and 99%

±2.58 .
Hypothesis testing or significance testing is a method for
testing a claim or hypothesis about a parameter in a
population, using data measured in a sample.
Under the normal curve, the rejection region refers to the
region where the value of the test statistic lies for which we will
reject the null hypothesis. This region is also called critical
region.

FOUR STEPS TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING FORMULAS

Step 1: State the hypotheses.

Step 2: Set the criteria for a decision.

Step 3: Compute the test statistic.

Step 4: Make a decision.

The null hypothesis (H0), stated as the null, is a statement

about a population parameter, such as the population mean,
that is assumed to be true.

An alternative hypothesis (H1) is a statement that directly Q=1–P DF = n - 1

contradicts a null hypothesis by stating that that the actual
value of a population parameter is less than, greater than, or Q0 = 1 - P0
not equal to the value stated in the null hypothesis.
THINGS TO BRING DURING EXAM
Level of significance, or significance level, refers to a criterion
of judgment upon which a decision is made regarding the value *CALCULATOR
stated in a null hypothesis.
*T-TABLE
When the alternative hypothesis utilizes the ≠ symbol, the test
*BALLPEN AND EXTRA PAPER FOR SOLVING.
is said to be non-directional.

When alternative hypothesis the > or the < symbol, the test is
said to be directional.

A non-directional test is also called a two-tailed test. No gains without pains. Fighting!!!
A directional test may either be left-tailed or right-tailed.
Benjamin Franklin

GOOD LUCK AND GOD BLESS

--- Grade 11 Math Teachers