Submitted by : Shahzad Ahmad

BS IR 7 A

Reg No: 1442

Assignment 1
1) How a realist sees nationalism.

No realist theory places nationalism at the centre. However, the majority of realists seem to
think that nationalism has been a particularly potent factor in world affairs. At their most
fundamental level, nationalism and realism are particularistic theories. They both presume that
the major players in the world are independent entities that often engage with one another.

2) how liberalism sees nationalism

Nationalists could gain liberal support by espousing their ideas on representative governments,
civil liberties, and economic freedom.

3) how marxist sees nationalism

According to Marxism, the country is a socioeconomic structure that was built after the feudal
system, which served as the foundation for the capitalist economic system, collapsed.
Nationalism is a bourgeois phenomena that is not connected to Marxism, according to the
classical Marxists.

4) how Social Constructivism sees nationalism.

According to the social constructivist view, nationalism is a way of making up for the loss of
some cultural notions by forging national identities in response to social and historical
conditions. Constructivism connects the development of nationalism to modernization.

5) how Post colonialism sees nationalism

They see as the formation of dual civic and ethnic identities, with the outcome of the
nationalist movement in part determined by whether civic or ethnic leaders are able to mobilize
ordinary citizens in their preferred political direction.

6) how feminism sees nationalism

Consisting of social movements and cultural ideologies, feminist nationalism links struggles

for women's rights with struggles for group identity rights and/or national sovereignty in their
goals of self-determination.
Assignment 2

Q: Name at least two prominent philosophers and one famous General of the Roman Era and
their contribution to politics Roman vs Cartesian war.

Ans:

Seneca:

Seneca, full name Lucius Annaeus Seneca, sometimes known as Seneca the Younger, was a
Roman philosopher, statesman, orator, and tragedian who was born in Corduba (now Córdoba),
Spain, around 4 BCE and died in Rome, Italy, in 65 CE. In the middle of the first century CE,
when Rome was at the height of its intellectual power, he and his friends effectively ruled the
Roman world from 54 and 62, during the early years of Emperor Nero's tenure.

Seneca had significant political clout in Nero's early years of rule as the emperor's tutor.
Together with his buddy Burrus, Seneca promoted judicial and fiscal changes as well as a more
sympathetic view of slaves. But as a tyrant's favourite, he also had to justify—or engineer—the
death of Agrippina, Nero's mother.

Marcus Tullius Cicero:

On January 3, 106 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero was born, and on December 7, 43 BCE, he was
killed. His works are now an invaluable resource for us as they provide us with information on
the main political events of his day. His life coincided with the decline and fall of the Roman
Republic, and he played a significant role in many of them. He was a philosopher, statesman,
lawyer, and orator, among other things.

The Republic and The Laws are two significant works on government that Cicero authored in 56.
He fashioned his books after earlier writings by the Greek philosopher Plato and composed them
as dialogues, or debates among friends. On the Republic, On Invention, and On the Orator are
only a few of the many philosophical writings he produced. He made a name for himself as a
prolific Roman writer. Additionally, he delivered a number of speeches and left behind letters
that have allowed modern society to learn about the politics and culture of Cicero's time.

Julius Caesar:

Julius Caesar was a Roman general and politician who named himself dictator of the Roman
Empire, a rule that lasted less than one year before he was famously assassinated by political
rivals in 44 B.C.

He used his influence to reduce Rome's debt, expand the senate, and bring about necessary
governmental reforms. He supported the construction of the Forum Iulium and the reconstruction
of Carthage and Corinth at the same time. He also gave foreigners residing in the Roman
Republic citizenship.
Assignment 3

Review of the book “ politics among nations” ( page 219-240)

These pages consist of two parts, one is the structure if balance of power while the second is
evolution of balance of power. Dominant and dependent systems make up the structure of the
power dynamic. The system of compulsion arises when there is an imbalance of power between
two states, but the system of deterrence exists when there is an equal distribution of power
between the two. An additional barrier to the exercise of national authority is international
morality and public opinion. For instance, Bush attacked Iraq while disregarding the fundamental
rights of Iraqi residents. Bush received harsh criticism from people all around the world because
he disregards all the fundamental tools of morality, and the entire world condemns this act.

Hans J. Morgenthou agreed that international law served as a barrier and restraint on the use
of national power. Before using national power, we must ensure that it is not in violation of the
principles of international law. International courts rule that no state violates international law
and that each state operates within its own jurisdiction. Then he discussed the idea of
sovereignty. He discussed how globalisation, international movements, and transnational crimes
have put national sovereignty under threat. These are the dangers to the modern state's
sovereignty. He discussed how non-governmental organisations and large corporations impact
government policy and decision-making.

His focus was primarily on peace arising from balance of power in the last parts. The
construction of international order and the maintenance of international peace have become the
primary concerns of western civilization as a result of two world wars in a generation and the
prospect for nuclear conflict. Disarmament is the reduction or abolition of all armaments with the
intention of putting an end to the armament race. It is thought that by eliminating one of the
typical manifestations of the power struggle. One can eliminate the normal outcomes of that
conflict's global anarchy on a global scale.