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2005 GPD2005 PlateBuckling 18-07LuibleAndreascorrected
2005 GPD2005 PlateBuckling 18-07LuibleAndreascorrected
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Keywords
(eq.6)
Safety Glass in Buildings
where:
z1, z2 = distance between the centre
of gravity of the total cross section to
the centre of gravity of the glass layer
(Figure 2)
ti = thickness of the corresponding glass
layer
Nx = pressure force per unit length
(Nx = σx t)
D = plate stiffness applied to a unit
width b
Figure 3
FEM model for plate buckling.
Figure 5
Test setup.
principle tensile stress which is moving deformation does not correspond to the
as a function of the applied load in the first eigenform (EF1) or when a so called
corners of the buckled glass plate as it “snap through” of the plate may occur
can be seen in the numerical simulation [1].
(Figure 8) [1]. Tests on laminated safety glass
The study of the load carrying elements demonstrated the influence
behaviour on the FEM model of the PVB interlayer on the buckling
demonstrated that the dispersion of the strength. The comparison with the
glass thickness, the assumed boundary simulations confirmed that a composite
conditions, the tensile strength of the action can be activated, but the shear
Figure 7 glass surface and the initial deformation modulus of the PVB has to be relatively
have the most significant influence on high to create a noticeable increase
Broken glass element with initial breakage.
the buckling strength. For loads lower in buckling strength. Even for short
than the critical buckling load the initial time loading and low temperatures
The glass breakage occurred deformation as well has an influence, the influence is not as high as it is for
similar to an explosion. Due to the on the buckling strength. column buckling or lateral torsional
high energy stored in the glass plate Simulations with different initial buckling. Therefore the assumption of
Figure 8 Figure 9
Maximum principle stress on the glass surface. Influence of the buckling shape on the load carrying behaviour: a) load N as a function of wmax, b)
load N as a function of σ1,max.
The dispersion of the glass thickness tensile strength. reduction factors in this research work.
has to be taken into account for design. • In contrast to steel reduction factors
Measurements [1] on more than 200 ρ > 1 are possible because the edge Acknowledgement
specimens showed that the thickness compressive stress σP can exceed the
The research work presented in this
of flat glass panels differs from the nominal value of the maximum tensile
paper was primarily conducted with
nominal value. Glass manufacturers try strength σp,t.
the support of the Swiss National
to save material in making the most use • For a slenderness ratio > 1.5 the
Science Foundation (SNF) and the
of the thickness tolerances specified by curves are independent of the initial
industry partners Glas Trösch (Bützberg,
codes. The real glass thickness is often deformation.
Switzerland) and Verre Industriels SA
less than the nominal value, therefore • For a slenderness ratio < 1.5 the
(Moutier, Switzerland).
reducing the moment of inertia of the initial deformation w0 has an influence
cross section and, thus the buckling on the buckling strength and therefore
References
strength. For design the nominal glass the curves have to be defined as a
thickness may be reduced to 97.61%. function of the initial deformation. [1] Luible, A., Stabilität von Tragelementen aus
Glas, Thèse EPFL 3014, Ecole polytechnique
• The buckling curves for glass are fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) (free download :
Buckling curves below existing design curves in steel http://icom.epfl.ch/publications/pubinfo.
construction [7] due to the different php?pubid=499), Lausanne, 2004.
FEM calculations are very fastidious in [2] Luible, A., Crisinel, M., Buckling Strength of
boundary conditions for glass. Buckling
practice; therefore the possibility of Glass Elements in Compression, Structural
curves for steel are therefore not
developing design aids (e.g. buckling Engineering International, Vol. 14, No. 2,
suitable for glass. IABSE, Mai 2004.
curves) was studied. A typical buckling
[3] Luible, A., Crisinel, M., Stability of Load
curve gives a reduction factor which
Conclusions Carrying Elements of Glass, Final report of the
indicates the buckling resistance of the COST action C13, Bruxelles, 2005.
plate as a function of the slenderness The use of glass panels as compressed [4] Luible, A., Crisinel, M., Stability of Load
ratio that characterizes the risk of the load carrying elements offers new Carrying Elements of Glass, Proceedings of the
Conference Eurosteel 2005, 4th European
plate to buckle. The slenderness ratio possibilities for modern façade Conference on Steel Structures, 8-10 June
engineering and the structural use 2005, Maastricht, Netherlands, June 2005.
of glass. Due their high slenderness [5] Hirt, M. A., Bez, R., Stahlbau: Grundbegriffe
(eq.7) load carrying glass elements must be und Bemessungsverfahren, Ernst & Sohn,
Berlin, 1998.
designed against stability failure. It was [6] Zenkert, D., The Handbook of Sandwich
shown in the studies of this research Construction, Engineering Materials Advisory
and the reduction factor for plate work that the main influences on the Service Ltd., United Kingdom, 1997.
buckling of glass panels buckling resistance of a load carrying [7] SIA 263: Stahlbau, Schweizerischer Ingenieur-
und Architektenverein, Zürich, 2003.