MINVERSE MDETERM

4 -1 1 3 8
2 0 1 3 6
1 1 1
0 0.5 7 3 10
-1 2
88

CALCULATION RATIO
7800 1.5
5200 1
6500 1.25

RATIO HOSPITAL ADDITION 3?

2?
500 100 1?
200 ? 40 6 1
150 ? 30 0.66666667
0.33333333

ratio find
100000 1
200000 2
300000 3
1 : 2 : 3

proportion

ratio sales

4 180000
3 135000 ans

LECTURE 12

PUNCH RECIPE

data ratio

mango juice 3? 4.5

apple juice 2? 3
orange juice 1 1.5 1.5

total 6 9

EXAMPLE 2
DATA RATIO
MANGO 3? 1000
APPLE 2? 666.6667
ORANGE 1.5 500 500
TOTAL 6.5 2166.667

example

DATA RATIO
passing grades 7
failed students 5
total student 36
total 12

failed/total 0.416667

failed/total*total students 15 failed students

PROPORTION EXAMPLE 1

240 140 :: 30 176 BECAUSE OF MEANS AND EXT

140*30 = 240*176

4200 = 42240

THIS IS NOT EQUAL SO THIS IS INCORRECT

EXAMPLE 2

UNKNOWN VALUE FIND

2 x :: 3 9

x*3 = 2*9

x = 6
 EXAMPLE 3

2X+1 2 :: X+2 5

2x+1 /2 = x+2 /5

cross multiplication

2(x+2) = 5(2x+1)

2x+4 = 10x+5

(4-5) = 10x -2x

-1 = 8x

(-1/8) = x ans

LECTURE 13

EXAMPLE 1
A golf shop pays its wholesaler 2,400Rs. for a certain club, and then sells it for 4,500Rs. What is the markup rate?
DATA VALUE

cost price 2400 RS

selling price 4500 RS

MARK Up RATE ?

mark up rate means %mark up on costs

%mark up = Rs markup/cost price *%100

we have no RS mark up so lets find it

 RS mark up = selling - cost price
4500 -2400
Rsmark up 2100

this value put in % mark up on costs

%Mark up on costs = 0.875

so move the point 2 decimal

87.50% ANS

EXAMPLE NO 2
A computer software retailer used a markup rate of 40%. Find the selling price of a computer game that cost th
DATA VALUE
MARKUP RATE 40 %

COST PRICE 1500 RS

SELLING PRICE ?

FORMULA:
SELLING = COST+RS MARKUP

WE HAVE NO RS MARKUP SO WE WILL FIND IT

RS MARK UP = %MARK UP RATE*COST PRICE

= 600
IT WILL ENTER IN SELLING FORMULA

SELLING = 2100 THE ITEM SOLD IT ANSWER

EXAMPLE 3

An item originally priced at 3,300 Rs. is marked 25% off. What is the sale price?

DATA VALUE
ORIGINAL PRICE 3300
 %MARK DOWN 25 %
SALE PRICE ?
1) RS MARKUP = CUREENT SELLING PRICE* %MARK DOWN
2) NEW SELLING PRICE = CUREENT SELLING PRICE -RS MARKUP

1) = 825 RS

2) = 2475 RS ANSWER

example 4

The price of office equipment is 3000 Rs. The manufacturer offers a 30% trade discount. Find the net price and the trade d

data value

list price 3000

trade discount 30 % 0.3)

net price ?

trade discount ?

net price = L(1-D)

= 3000(1-0.3)

= 3000(0.7)
= 2100

TRADE DISCOUNT = LIST PRICE*% OF DISCOUNT

= 3000*30%
= 900 ANSWER

LECTURE NO 14

EXAMPLE 1
The price of office furniture is Rs. 20,000 The series discounts are: 20%,10%, 5% What is the net price? For series trade Dis

DATA VALUE

Llist price 20000

series of discount 20 % 10 %
0.2 0.1
 net price ?

net price = L(1-d1)(1-d2)(1-d3)

= 20000 (1-0.2) (1-0.1) (1-0.05)

= 20000 0.8 0.9 0.95

net price 13680

example 2
An order for power tools has a Rs. 2100 net price after a 30% trade discount. What is the list price?

data value
net price 2100 RS

trade discount 30 % 0.3

list price ?

net price = L(1-d)

list price(L) = N/(1-d)

= 2100/(1-0.3)

= 3000 RS

example 3
Find the single discount rate that is equivalent to the series 15%, 10% and 5%. Trade Discount Apply the multiple discount

data value
series duscount 15 % 10
0.15 0.1
list price 100 RS

%discount rate ?

net price = L(1-d1)(1-d2)(1-d3)

= 100 (1-0.15) (1 (1-0.1) (1-0.05)

= 100 0.85 0.9 0.95

= 72.675
round off = 72.68
 % discount rate = list price -net price

= 27.32 answer

example 4
The price of car parts is Rs. 20,000. The series discounts are 20%, 8%, 2%. What is the single equivalent discount rate. Also

data value
price of car parts 20000

series discount 20 % 8
0.2 0.08

single equivalent discount rate ?

RS discount ?

let list price 100

net price = L(1-d1)(1-d2)(1-d3)

= 100 (1-0.2) (1-0.08) (1-0.02)

= 100 0.8 0.92 0.98

100 0.72128

72.128
rounoff = 72.13

single equivalent = list price -net price

= 27.872 %

RS DISCOUNT = list price car*single equivalent

= 5574.4 ANSWER

example 5
Invoice was dated May 1st. The terms 2/10 mean that 2% discount is offered if invoice is paid up to 10thMay. What is the

data value
Payment date 9 may
discount 2%
0.02
list price 50000
LAST DATE 10 MAY
 net price ?

net price = L(1-d)

= 50000 (1-0.02)

50000 0.98

NET PRICE = 49000 RS

DISCOUNT RS AFTER 2% DISCOUNT RA 1000

IF WE CHANGE PAYMENT DATE AS = 11

DISCOUNT RS AFTER APPLYING 0% DISCOUNT RATE = 0

0

LECTURE 15

EXAMPLE 1
You owe Rs. 40,000. Your terms were 3/10 (3% discount by 10th day). Within 10 days you sent in a payment of Rs. 10,000.

DATA value
your owe 40000

discount 3%
0.03
within 10 days you sent payment 10000

amount is t
how much your new balance = ?

N = amount t(1-d)

10000 = t(1-0.03)

t = 10000/(1-0.03)
t = 10000 0.97
t = 10309.2784

nw balance = total amount -t

= 29690.7216
we have five digit before point so we round off it so we will ans

= 29691

example 2
 an item costs 50Rs, and is sold for 100Rs,

data value

item cost 50 RS

sold item 100 RS

mark up ?
margin ?
mark up = selling price- cost price/cost price*100%

100 %
margin = selling price- cost price/selling price*100%
50 %

example 3
A computer’s cost is 9000Rs. An amount of Rs. 3,000 was added to this cost by the retailer to determine the sale price for

data value
cost price 9000

markup price 3000

sale price ?

selling price = cost price + markup price

= 12000
Rs. 3,000 is Margin available to meet Expenses and make a Profit

example 4

MARKUP-EXAMPLE You buy candles for Rs. 10. You plan to sell them for Rs.15. What is your Rs. Markup? What is your per

data value
buy candle 10 RS

sellin them 15 RS

Rsmarkup ?
percent markup on cost ?

Rsmarkup = selling -cost price

5
percent markup on cost = selling price- cost price/cost price*100%
 = 0.5
= 50 %

example 5
SELLING PRICE Fawad’s Appliances bought a sewing machine for Rs. 1,500. To make the desired profit, he needs a 60% Ma

data value

cost price 1500

%mark up on cost 60 %

RS markup ?
selling price ?

RS mark up = costprice*%markup on cost

= 900 RS

selling price = cost price +RS mark up

2400 RS

EXAMPLE 6
Tanveer’s flower business sells floral arrangements for Rs. 35. To make his desired profit, Tanveer needs a 40% Markup on

data value

selling price 35 RS

markup on cost 40 %
0.4
cost price ?

RS markup ?

sale price = cost price(1+%markup on cost)

we need cost price so change the formula

cost price = sale price/(1+%markup on cost)

= 25 RS
RS markup = cost price*markup on cost
10 RS
 example 7
You buy candles for 2 Rs. You plan to sell them for 2.50 Rs What is your Rs. Markup? What is your Percent Markup on Selli
data value

cost price 2 RS

selling price 2.5 RS

RS markup ?
%markup on selling price ?

RS markup = selling price -cost price

0.5
%markup on selling price:
cost price =selling price(1-%markup on sale)
markuponselling price = selling price -costprice/selling price*100%

20 %

example 8
Fawad’s Appliances bought a sewing machine for Rs. 1,500. To make the desired profit, he needs a 60% Markup on Selling

data value

cost price 1500

markup on sale price 60 %

Rsmarkup ?
selling price ?

selling price = costprice/(1*%mark up on sale)

S 3750
Rsmarkup = selling -cost price
2250

example 9
Tanveer’s flower business sells floral arrangements for Rs. 35. To make his desired profit, Tanveer needs a 40%

data value
sale price 35 RS

%markup on sale price 40 %

0.4
 COST ?
RS markup ?

cost =selling price*(1-% mark up on sale)

21 RS
RS markup selling price -cost price
14 RS

example 10
Convert 50% Markup (MU) on Cost to %MU on Sale

data value

mark up on cost 50 %
0.5
convert in to markup on selling price ?

% mark on sellling price =mark on cost prise/(1+%mark on cost_

0.333333
we need three decimal so move the decimal
33.33 %

example 11
Converting Markups Converting 33.33% MU on Sale to %MU on C

data value

mark on sale 33.33 %

0.3333

convert in cost price ?

%mark on cost price = %mark on selling price/(1-mark on selling price)

o.3333 0.6667
49.9925
round off
50%

LECTURE 16

EXAMPLE 1
Store A marked down a Rs. 500 shirt to Rs. 360. What is the Rs. Markdown? What is the %markdown?
data value
 old selling price 500

new selling price 360

RS markdown ?
%markdown ?

RS mark down = old selling price-new selling price

140 RS

%Mark down = mark down/old sale*100%

28 %

example2
A variety of plastic jugs that was bought for Rs. 57.75 was marked up 45% of the SellingPrice. When the jugs went out of p
there are two parts to this problem. First we must find the original sale price so that markdown can be calculated on that p
data value

purchase price 57.75 RS

%marked up on seling price 45

mark down 40 %
0.4
let selling price = 100
cost = selling price- %markuo on celling price

55 RS
original sale price = selling price/cost price*purchase price
105 RS

RS MARK DOWN =oridinal price*%markdown

42

sale price after mark down = original price- price mark down

63 RS

LECTURE 17

EXAMPLE1
AMORDEGRC FUNCTION
SYNTAX AMORDEGRC(cost,date-purchase,first-period,salvage,period,rate,bases)
description data
cost 2400 #VALUE!
date-purchased 1/8/2011
first-period 31/12/2022
salvage 500
period 1
rate 0.1
bases 1
ans
 MMULT
5 1 3 2 0
1 7 2 0 2
0
2 2 6
14 4
4.5
3
1.5
9
BECAUSE OF MEANS AND EXTREME
at is the markup rate?
f a computer game that cost the retailer Rs. 1,500.

0.4

WILL FIND IT

%MARK UP RATE*COST PRICE

NG FORMULA

THE ITEM SOLD IT ANSWER

25% off. What is the sale price?

CE* %MARK DOWN
SELLING PRICE -RS MARKUP

nd the net price and the trade discount amount.

e net price? For series trade Discount

5%
0.05
hat is the list price?

unt Apply the multiple discount to a list price of Rs. 100

% 5%
0.05
e equivalent discount rate. Also find Rs discount?

% 2%
0.02

aid up to 10thMay. What is the net payment for invoice value of Rs. 50,000 if paid up to 10th May?
 MAY

%
RS

ent in a payment of Rs. 10,000. Rs. 10,000 was a part payment. How much is your new balance? First we will find the amount that if 3%

o we round off it so we will answer

to determine the sale price for the consumer.

r Rs. Markup? What is your percent Markup on cost?

e/cost price*100%
sired profit, he needs a 60% Markup on Cost. What is Fawad’s Rs. Markup? What is his Selling price?

anveer needs a 40% Markup on cost. What do the flower arrangements cost Tanveer? What is the Rs. Markup?
is your Percent Markup on Selling Price?

needs a 60% Markup on Selling price. What is Fawad’s Rs. Markup? What is his Selling Price?

ed profit, Tanveer needs a 40% Markup on Selling Price. What do the flower arrangements Cost Tanveer? What is the Rs. Markup?
%mark on cost_

selling price)
e. When the jugs went out of production, they were marked down 40% What was the Sale Price after the 40% markdown?
own can be calculated on that price.

chase price

ce mark down
l find the amount that if 3% discount is given on it, th You owe Rs. 40,000. Your terms w
You owe Rs. 40,000. Your terms were 3/10 (3%
hat is the Rs. Markup?
0% markdown?
Your terms were 3/10 (3% discount by 10th day). Within 10 days you sent in a payment of Rs. 10,000. Rs. 10,000 was a part payment.
,000 was a part payment. How much is your new balance? First we will find the amount that if 3% discount is given on it, the net amou
s given on it, the net amount is 10000Rs