Endocr

ineSy
stem

I
ntr
oduct
iont
oEndocr
ineSy
stem

I
nor
derf
ormul
ti
cel
l
ularor
gani
smst
osur
viv
e,t
hei
ndi
vi
dualcel
l
swi
thi
nthator
gani
sm
mustbeabl
etocommuni
cat
ewi
thoneanot
her
.

Thi
sisknownasi
ntr
acel
l
ularcommuni
cat
ion.Cel
l
scommuni
cat
ewi
thoneanot
her
usi
ngspeci
alt
ypesofmol
ecul
es.

The ner
vous sy
stem i
s one t
ype ofsy
stem t
hatuses a chemi
calcal
l
ed t
he
neur
otr
ansmi
tt
eri
nint
racel
l
ularcommuni
cat
ion.

Theneur
otr
ansmi
tt
ert
rav
elsonl
yver
yshor
tdi
stances,
isv
eryspeci
fi
ctot
het
ypeofcel
l
i
tbi
ndst
oandcr
eat
esav
eryr
api
dbutshor
t-
li
vedr
esponse.

Anot
hersy
stem t
hatourbodyusest
ocommuni
cat
eist
heendocr
inesy
stem.

Theendocr
inesy
stem usesgl
andst
ocr
eat
eandr
eleasechemi
cal
scal
l
edhor
mones.

Theendocr
inegl
andsr
eleaset
hehor
monei
ntot
hebl
oodst
ream orl
ymphsy
stem,
whi
chmeanst
hehor
moneci
rcul
atest
hroughoutt
hebodyandt
rav
elsal
ongdi
stance
bef
orei
tlocat
esi
tst
argetcel
l
.
Unl
i
keneur
otr
ansmi
tt
ers,hor
monesdonotonl
ybi
ndt
ospeci
fi
ccel
l
sbutr
atherbi
ndt
o
awi
der
angeofdi
ff
erentt
ypesofcel
l
s.

Hor
monest
rav
elal
ongdi
stance,ar
esl
ow-
act
ingandcanaf
fectt
heor
gani
sm i
nthe
l
ong-
ter
m.

Endocr
inegl
andsshoul
dnotbeconf
usedwi
thexocr
inegl
ands,whi
char
egl
andst
hat
r
eleasechemi
cal
sthr
oughaductandi
ntosomeext
ernal
env
ironment
.
Thesudor
if
erousgl
andi
sanexampl
eofanexocr
inegl
and.

Theendocr
inesy
stem useshor
monesandhor
monescomei
nthr
eedi
ff
erentt
ypes.

Pept
idehor
monesar
esy
nthesi
zedi
nther
oughER,
packagedandmodi
fi
edi
ntheGol
gi
compl
exandr
eleasedi
ntot
hebl
oodst
ream.

Theydi
ssol
vei
nthebl
oodbecauset
heyar
epept
ide-
basedanddonotneedanycar
ri
er
pr
otei
ns.

Oncet
heyar
ri
veatt
het
argetcel
l
,theycannotpassacr
osst
hecel
lmembr
anebecause
t
hemembr
anei
smost
lyhy
drophobi
c.

Ther
efor
epept
idehor
monesbi
ndt
orecept
orpr
otei
nsf
oundi
nthemembr
aneoft
he
t
argetcel
l
.

Oncebound,t
heyusual
l
yusesomesor
tofsecondar
ymessengersy
stem t
oinducea
changei
nthecel
l
.

St
eroi
dhor
monesar
emadef
rom chol
est
erolorot
herl
i
pidsi
nthesmoot
hERort
he
mi
tochondr
ia.

Theyar
erel
easedi
ntot
hebl
oodst
ream anduseapr
otei
ncar
ri
erbecauset
heyar
eli
pid-
sol
ubl
e.

Oncet
heyar
ri
veatt
het
argetcel
l
,theycaneasi
l
ypassacr
osst
hecel
lmembr
aneand
bi
ndt
other
ecept
orpr
otei
nint
hecy
tosol
oft
hecel
l
.

Theyt
henent
ert
henucl
eus,wher
ethest
eroi
dhor
monewi
l
linducesomesor
tof
t
ranscr
ipt
ional
change.
Ty
rosi
ne-
der
ivat
ivehor
monescomei
ntwot
ypes-wat
er-
sol
ubl
eandl
i
pid-
sol
ubl
e.

Wat
er-
sol
ubl
ety
rosi
nehor
monesbi
ndt
orecept
orpr
otei
nsont
hepl
asmamembr
ane
whi
l
efat
-sol
ubl
egodi
rect
lyt
othenucl
eusoft
het
argetcel
ltoi
nducear
esponse.

Theendocr
inesy
stem i
sanet
wor
kofgl
andsandor
gansl
ocat
edt
hroughoutt
hebody
.

I
t’
ssi
mil
art
othener
voussy
stem i
nthati
tpl
aysav
italr
olei
ncont
rol
l
ingandr
egul
ati
ng
manyoft
hebody
’sf
unct
ions.

Howev
er,whi
l
ethener
voussy
stem usesner
vei
mpul
sesandneur
otr
ansmi
tt
ersf
or
communi
cat
ion,
theendocr
inesy
stem useschemi
cal
messenger
scal
l
edhor
mones.

Theendocr
inesy
stem i
sacompl
exnet
wor
kofgl
andsandor
gans.

I
tuseshor
monest
ocont
rolandcoor
dinat
eyourbody
's met
abol
i
sm,ener
gyl
evel
,
r
epr
oduct
ion,
growt
handdev
elopment
,andr
esponset
oinj
ury
,st
ress,
andmood.

Thef
oll
owi
ngar
eint
egr
alpar
tsoft
heendocr
inesy
stem:

 hypot
hal
amus.
 pi
tui
tar
y.
 t
hyr
oid.
 par
athy
roi
ds.
 adr
enal
s.
 pi
neal
body
.
 t
heov
ari
es.
 t
het
est
es.

FUNCTI
ONSOFENDOCRI
NESYSTEM

Theendocr
inesy
stem i
sresponsi
blef
orr
egul
ati
ngar
angeofbodi
l
yfunct
ionst
hrough
t
her
eleaseofhor
mones.

Hor
monesar
esecr
etedbyt
hegl
andsoft
heendocr
inesy
stem,t
rav
eli
ngt
hrought
he
bl
oodst
ream t
ovar
iousor
gansandt
issuesi
nthebody
.

Thehor
monest
hent
ell
theseor
gansandt
issueswhatt
odoorhowt
ofunct
ion.

Someexampl
esofbodi
l
yfunct
ionst
hatar
econt
rol
l
edbyt
heendocr
inesy
stem i
ncl
ude:

 met
abol
i
sm
 gr
owt
handdev
elopment
 sex
ual
funct
ionandr
epr
oduct
ion
 hear
trat
e
 bl
oodpr
essur
e
 appet
it
e
 sl
eepi
ngandwaki
ngcy
cles
 bodyt
emper
atur
e
 Makeshor
monest
hatcont
rol
yourmoods,

 Cont
rol
showy
ourhor
monesar
erel
eased.

 Sendst
hosehor
monesi
ntoy
ourbl
oodst
ream sot
heycant
rav
elt
oot
herbody

Or
gansi
ntheendocr
inesy
stem (
GLAND)

Agl
andi
sanor
ganwhi
chpr
oducesandr
eleasessubst
ancest
hatper
for
m aspeci
fi
c
f
unct
ioni
nthebody
.

Endocr
inegl
andsar
educt
lessgl
andsandr
eleaset
hesubst
ancest
hatt
heymake
(
hor
mones)di
rect
lyi
ntot
hebl
oodst
ream.

Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofgl
ands:

 endocr
inegl
ands,
whi
chr
eleasehor
monesdi
rect
lyi
ntot
hebl
oodst
ream
  exocr
inegl
ands,l
i
kel
ymphnodesandsweatgl
ands,whi
char
enotpar
toft
he
endocr
inesy
stem

Thegl
andsoft
heendocr
inesy
stem ar
ewher
ehor
monesar
epr
oduced,st
ored,and
r
eleased.Eachgl
andpr
oducesoneormor
ehor
mones,whi
chgoont
otar
getspeci
fi
c
or
gansandt
issuesi
nthebody
.

Thegl
andsoft
heendocr
inesy
stem i
ncl
udet
he:

 Hy
pot
hal
amus.

 Thehy
pot
hal
amusi
slocat
edatt
hebaseoft
hebr
ain,neart
heopt
icchi
asm
wher
etheopt
icner
vesbehi
ndeachey
ecr
ossandmeet
.

 Whi
lesomepeopl
edon’
tconsi
deri
tagl
and,
thehy
pot
hal
amuspr
oducesmul
ti
ple
hor
monest
hatcont
rol
thepi
tui
tar
ygl
and.

 I
t’
sal
soi
nvol
vedi
nregul
ati
ngmanyf
unct
ions,
incl
udi
ngsl
eep-
wakecy
cles,
body
t
emper
atur
e,andappet
it
e.

 I
tcanal
sor
egul
atet
hef
unct
ionofot
herendocr
inegl
ands.

 Pi
tui
tar
y.

 Thepi
tui
tar
ygl
and i
ssomet
imescal
l
ed t
hemast
ergl
and oft
heendocr
ine
sy
stem.

 Thi
sisbecausei
tcont
rol
sthef
unct
ionsofmanyoft
heot
herendocr
inegl
ands.
 Thepi
tui
tar
ygl
andi
ssmal
l
.Iti
saboutt
hesi
zeofapea.

 Thepi
tui
tar
ygl
andi
slocat
edbel
owt
hehy
pot
hal
amus.

 Thehor
monesi
tpr
oducesaf
fectgr
owt
handr
epr
oduct
ion.

 Theycanal
socont
rol
thef
unct
ionofot
herendocr
inegl
ands.

 Pi
neal
.

Thi
sgl
andi
sfoundi
nthemi
ddl
eofy
ourbr
ain.I
t’
simpor
tantf
ory
oursl
eep-
wake
cy
cles.

 Thyr
oid.

Thet
hyr
oidgl
andi
slocat
edi
nthef
rontpar
tofy
ourneck.I
t’
sver
yimpor
tantf
or
met
abol
i
sm.

 Par
athy
roi
d.

Al
so l
ocat
ed i
nthe f
rontofy
ourneck,t
he par
athy
roi
d gl
and i
simpor
tantf
or
mai
ntai
ningcont
rol
ofcal
cium l
evel
siny
ourbonesandbl
ood.

 Thymus.Locat
edi
ntheuppert
orso,t
het
hymusi
sact
iveunt
ilpuber
tyand
 pr
oduceshor
monest
hatar
eimpor
tantf
ort
hedev
elopmentofat
ypeofwhi
te
bl
oodcel
lcal
l
edaTcel
l
.
 Adr
enal
.

Oneadr
enalgl
andcanbef
oundont
opofeachki
dney
.Thesegl
andspr
oduce
hor
monest
hatar
eimpor
tantf
orr
egul
ati
ngf
unct
ionssuchasbl
oodpr
essur
e,hear
t
r
ate,
andst
ressr
esponse.

 Pancr
eas.

Thepancr
easi
slocat
ed i
nyourabdomen behi
nd y
ourst
omach.I
tsendocr
ine
f
unct
ioni
nvol
vescont
rol
l
ingbl
oodsugarl
evel
s.

 Someendocr
inegl
andsal
sohav
enon-
endocr
inef
unct
ions.Forexampl
e,t
he
ov
ari
esandt
est
espr
oducehor
mones,butt
heyal
sohav
ethenon-
endocr
ine
f
unct
ionofpr
oduci
ngeggsandsper
m,r
espect
ivel
y.

ENDOCRI
NECELLS

 Ther
ear
ethr
eet
ypesofendocr
inecel
l
s:

 al
phacel
l
swhi
chsecr
etegl
ucagon,

 bet
acel
l
swhi
chsecr
etei
nsul
i
n,

 anddel
tacel
l
swhi
chi
nhi
bitt
hesecr
eti
onongl
ucagonandi
nsul
i
n:

 Gl
ucagoni
ncr
easest
hebl
oodgl
ucosel
evelbyst
imul
ati
ngt
hel
i
vercausi
ng
conv
ertGl
ycogeni
ntoGl
ucose(
sugar
).

Endocr
inesy
stem hor
mones
Hor
monesar
ethechemi
cal
stheendocr
inesy
stem usest
osendmessagest
oor
gans
andt
issuet
hroughoutt
hebody
.Oncer
eleasedi
ntot
hebl
oodst
ream,
hor
monest
rav
elt
o
t
hei
rtar
getor
gan ort
issue,whi
ch hasr
ecept
orst
hatr
ecogni
zeand r
eactt
othe
hor
mone.

Bel
owar
esomeexampl
esofhor
monest
hatar
epr
oducedbyt
heendocr
inesy
stem.

Secr
eti
ng
Hor
mone Funct
ion
gl
and(
s)
i
ncr
eases bl
ood pr
essur
e,hear
trat
e,and
Adr
enal
i
ne Adr
enal
met
abol
i
sm i
nreact
iont
ost
ress
Al
dost
erone Adr
enal cont
rol
sthebody
’ssal
tandwat
erbal
ance
Cor
ti
sol Adr
enal pl
aysar
olei
nst
ressr
esponse
dehy
droepi
andr
ost
erone ai
dsi
npr
oduct
ionofbodyodorandgr
owt
h
Adr
enal
sul
fat
e(DHEA-
S) ofbodyhai
rdur
ingpuber
ty
wor
ks t
o r
egul
atet
he menst
rualcy
cle,
Est
rogen Ov
ary mai
ntai
npr
egnancy
,anddev
elopf
emal
esex
char
act
eri
sti
cs;
aidsi
nsper
m pr
oduct
ion
f
oll
i
cle-
sti
mul
ati
ng hor
mone
pi
tui
tar
y cont
rol
sthepr
oduct
ionofeggsandsper
m
(
FSH)
hel
ps i
ncr
ease l
evel
s of bl
ood gl
ucose
Gl
ucagon pancr
eas
(
bloodsugar
)
I
nsul
i
n pancr
eas hel
psr
educey
ourbl
oodgl
ucosel
evel
s
cont
rol
s est
rogen and t
est
ost
erone
l
utei
nizi
nghor
mone(
LH) Pi
tui
tar
y
pr
oduct
ionaswel
lasov
ulat
ion
Mel
atoni
n Pi
neal cont
rol
ssl
eep-
wakecy
cles
hel
pswi
thl
act
ati
on,chi
l
dbi
rt
h,andmot
her
-
Oxy
toci
n Pi
tui
tar
y
chi
l
dbondi
ng
par
athy
roi
dhor
mone par
athy
roi
d cont
rol
scal
cium l
evel
sinbonesandbl
ood
Pr
ogest
erone Ov
ary hel
pspr
epar
ethebodyf
orpr
egnancywhen
 aneggi
sfer
ti
li
zed
Pr
olact
in Pi
tui
tar
y pr
omot
esbr
east
-mi
l
kpr
oduct
ion
contr
ibut
estosexdri
veandbodydensityin
ovary,test
e,
Test
ost
erone malesandfemalesaswel lasdev
elopment
adrenal
ofmalesexchar
acter
ist
ics
hel
ps cont
rol sev
eral body f
unct
ions,
t
hyr
oidhor
mone Thy
roi
d i
ncl
udi
ngt
her
ateofmet
abol
i
sm andener
gy
l
evel
s

Endocr
inesy
stem di
agr
am
Condi
ti
onst
hatcanaf
fectt
heendocr
inesy
stem

Somet
imes,hor
monel
evel
scanbet
oohi
ghort
ool
ow.Whent
hishappens,i
tcanhav
e
anumberofef
fect
sony
ourheal
th.Thesi
gnsandsy
mpt
omsdependont
hehor
mone
t
hat
’soutofbal
ance.

Her
e’sal
ookatsomecondi
ti
onst
hatcanaf
fectt
heendocr
inesy
stem andal
tery
our
hor
monel
evel
s.

Hy
per
thy
roi
dism

Hy
per
thy
roi
dism happenswheny
ourt
hyr
oidgl
andmakesmor
ethy
roi
dhor
monet
han
necessar
y.Thi
scanbecausedbyar
angeoft
hings,
incl
udi
ngaut
oimmunecondi
ti
ons.

Somecommonsy
mpt
omsofhy
per
thy
roi
dism i
ncl
ude:

 f
ati
gue
 ner
vousness
 wei
ghtl
oss
 di
arr
hea
 i
ssuest
oler
ati
ngheat
 f
asthear
trat
e
 t
roubl
esl
eepi
ng

Tr
eat
mentdependsonhow sev
eret
hecondi
ti
oni
s,aswel
lasi
tsunder
lyi
ngcause.
Opt
ionsi
ncl
udemedi
cat
ions,
radi
oiodi
net
her
apy
,orsur
ger
y.

Gr
aves‘di
seasei
sanaut
oimmunedi
sor
derandacommonf
orm ofhy
per
thy
roi
dism.I
n
peopl
ewi
thGr
aves‘
disease,
thei
mmunesy
stem at
tackst
het
hyr
oid,
whi
chcausesi
tto
pr
oducemor
ethy
roi
dhor
monet
hanusual
.

Hy
pot
hyr
oidi
sm

Hy
pot
hyr
oidi
sm occur
swheny
ourt
hyr
oiddoesn’
tpr
oduceenought
hyr
oidhor
mone.
Si
mil
art
ohy
per
thy
roi
dism,
ithasmanypot
ent
ial
causes.

Somecommonsy
mpt
omsofhy
pot
hyr
oidi
sm i
ncl
ude:

 f
ati
gue
 wei
ghtgai
n
 const
ipat
ion
 i
ssuest
oler
ati
ngt
hecol
d
 dr
yski
nandhai
r
 sl
owhear
trat
e
 i
rr
egul
arper
iods
 f
ert
il
it
yissues

Tr
eat
mentf
orhy
pot
hyr
oidi
sm i
nvol
ves suppl
ement
ing y
ourt
hyr
oid hor
mone wi
th
medi
cat
ion.

Cushi
ngsy
ndr
ome

Cushi
ngsy
ndr
omehappensduet
ohi
ghl
evel
soft
hehor
monecor
ti
sol
.

Commonsy
mpt
omsofCushi
ngsy
ndr
omei
ncl
ude:

 wei
ghtgai
n
 f
att
ydeposi
tsi
nthef
ace,
midsect
ion,
orshoul
der
s
 st
ret
chmar
ks,
par
ti
cul
arl
yont
hear
ms,
thi
ghs,
andabdomen
 sl
owheal
i
ngofcut
s,scr
apes,
andi
nsectbi
tes
 t
hinski
nthatbr
uiseseasi
l
y
 i
rr
egul
arper
iods
 decr
easedsexdr
iveandf
ert
il
it
yinmal
es

Tr
eat
mentdepends on t
he cause oft
he condi
ti
on and can i
ncl
ude medi
cat
ions,
r
adi
ati
ont
her
apy
,orsur
ger
y.

Addi
son’
sdi
sease
Addi
son’
sdi
seasehappenswheny
ouradr
enalgl
andsdon’
tpr
oduceenoughcor
ti
solor
al
dost
erone.Somesy
mpt
omsofAddi
son’
sdi
seasei
ncl
ude:

 f
ati
gue
 wei
ghtl
oss
 abdomi
nal
pai
n
 l
owbl
oodsugar
 nauseaorv
omi
ti
ng
 di
arr
hea
 i
rr
it
abi
l
ity
 acr
avi
ngf
orsal
torsal
tyf
oods
 i
rr
egul
arper
iods

Tr
eat
mentf
orAddi
son’
sdi
seasei
nvol
vest
aki
ngmedi
cat
ionst
hathel
prepl
acet
he
hor
monesy
ourbodyi
sn’
tpr
oduci
ngenoughof
.

Di
abet
es

Di
abet
esr
efer
stoacondi
ti
oni
nwhi
chy
ourbl
oodsugarl
evel
sar
en’
tregul
atedwi
thi
na
cer
tai
nrange.

Peopl
ewi
thdi
abet
eshav
etoomuchgl
ucosei
nthei
rbl
ood(
highbl
oodsugar
).Ther
ear
e
t
wot
ypesofdi
abet
es:
type1di
abet
esandt
ype2di
abet
es.

Somecommonsy
mpt
omsofdi
abet
esi
ncl
ude:

 f
ati
gue
 i
ncr
easedhungerort
hir
st
 f
requentur
get
our
inat
e
 i
rr
it
abi
l
ity
 f
requenti
nfect
ions

Tr
eat
mentf
ordi
abet
es can i
ncl
ude bl
ood sugarmoni
tor
ing,i
nsul
i
nther
apy
,and
medi
cat
ions.Li
fest
ylechanges,suchasget
ti
ngr
egul
arexer
ciseandeat
ingabal
anced
di
et,
canal
sohel
p.

Pol
ycy
sti
cov
arysy
ndr
ome(
PCOS)

Thi
scommoncondi
ti
oni
scausedbyunbal
ancedr
epr
oduct
ivehor
monesi
npeopl
ewi
th
ov
ari
es,
whi
chcancr
eat
eissuesi
ntheov
ari
es.Li
vi
ngwi
thPCOScanmeant
hatanegg
maynotber
eleasedev
erymont
h,ormaynotdev
elopasi
tshoul
dwheni
tisr
eleased.

Someoft
hecommonsy
mpt
omsofPCOSar
e:

 i
rr
egul
arper
iods
 f
ert
il
it
yissues
 cy
stst
hatf
orm ont
heov
ari
es
 acne
 hi
rsut
ism,
whi
chi
sanunusual
amountofhai
rgr
owt
hont
hef
aceorchi
n
 t
hinni
nghai
r
 wei
ghtgai
n
 ski
ntags

Tr
eat
mentf
orPCOSf
ocusesoneasi
ngt
hesy
mpt
oms.Tr
eat
ment
sincl
udemedi
cat
ions,
l
i
kebi
rt
hcont
rolandmet
for
min,andl
i
fest
ylechanges,suchasf
ocusi
ngonnut
ri
ti
on
andt
ryi
ngt
oreachamoder
atewei
ghti
fyourdoct
orhasr
ecommendedi
t.

Hy
pogonadi
sm

A common condi
ti
on,especi
all
yin ol
der mal
es and occasi
onal
l
yinf
emal
es,
hy
pogonadi
sm i
scausedbyal
ower
edpr
oduct
ionoft
hesexhor
monet
est
ost
erone.
Thi
scanl
eadt
olower
edl
i
bido,
aswel
lasav
ari
etyofot
hersy
mpt
oms,
suchas:

 er
ect
il
edy
sfunct
ioni
npeopl
ewi
thapeni
s
 r
educedener
gy
 r
educedmuscl
emass
 depr
essedmood
 i
ncr
easedi
rr
it
abi
l
ity
Tr
eat
mentf
orhy
pogonadi
sm f
ocusesoni
mpr
ovedt
est
ost
eronel
evel
s.Test
ost
erone
r
epl
acementt
her
apyandl
i
fest
ylechanges(
suchaswor
kingt
owar
damoder
atewei
ght
i
fyourdoct
orhasr
ecommendedi
t)ar
etwopopul
armet
hods.

Ost
eopor
osi
s

Ost
eopor
osi
sisanabnor
mall
ossofbonemassandchangesi
nbonet
issue.I
tcanbe
causedbyav
ari
etyofi
ssues,butt
wocommoncausesar
elower
edest
rogenl
evel
sin
peopl
ewi
thov
ari
esandl
ower
edt
est
ost
eronel
evel
sinpeopl
ewi
tht
est
icl
es.These
l
ower
edhor
monel
evel
scanbecausedbyage,
aswel
lasot
herdi
seases.

Ost
eopor
osi
sdoesn‘
tal
way
scauseobv
ioussy
mpt
oms.Butsomeoft
hemor
ecommon
sy
mpt
omsar
ebonef
ract
uresand i
njur
iesr
elat
ed t
o mi
norf
all
s,l
i
fti
ng,and ev
en
coughi
ng.

Tr
eat
mentf
orost
eopor
osi
sfocusesonsl
owi
ngorst
oppi
ngbonel
oss.Pr
opernut
ri
ti
on,
exer
cise,
andmedi
cat
ionsar
ethr
eeoft
hemostcommont
reat
ment
s.

Acr
omegal
y

Thi
srar
edi
seasei
scausedwhent
hebodymakest
oomuchgr
owt
hhor
mone,whi
chi
s
mai
nlypr
oducedi
nthepi
tui
tar
ygl
and.Most
lydi
agnosedi
nmi
ddl
e-agedadul
ts,i
tcan
causeor
gans,
bones,
car
ti
lage,
organs,
andcer
tai
nti
ssuest
ogr
owi
nsi
ze.

Thecommonsy
mpt
omsofacr
omegal
yincl
ude:

 swol
l
ennose
 swol
l
enear
s
 swol
l
enhandsandf
eet
 j
ointaches
 adeeperv
oicet
hanusual
 ani
ncr
easei
nsweat
ingandbodyodor

Tr
eat
mentf
oracr
omegal
yincl
udesmedi
cat
ions,
radi
ati
ont
her
apy
,andsur
ger
y.
SUMMARY

Theendocr
inesy
stem i
sacompl
excol
l
ect
ionofgl
andsandor
ganst
hathel
psr
egul
ate
v
ari
ousbodi
l
yfunct
ions.Thi
sisaccompl
i
shedt
hrought
her
eleaseofhor
mones,or
chemi
cal
messenger
s,pr
oducedbyt
heendocr
inesy
stem.