ELE 096: Electrical Machines 1

Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

Lesson title: DC Motors: Materials:

 Compound DC Motor Pen
 DC Motor Starters Calculator
Short bond paper
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to: References:
1. Differentiate two types of compound motor. A Textbook Of Electrical
2. Identify the difference between short shunt compound motor Technology in SI Units (Volume
and long shunt compound motor. II) by B.L. Theraja and A.K.
3. Explain the use of starter for a DC motor. Theraja

4. 1001 Solved Problems in

Electrical Engineering by Romeo
A. Rojas, Jr.

Electric Machinery
Fundamentals (4th Edition) by
Stephen J. Chapman

Productivity Tip:
“Try the Pomodoro Technique! Set your timer to 25 minutes and work on the module during this time
period. After this period, take a 5-minute break and then continue working on the module again.”

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)

In the last modules, we discuss the other types of dc motor. For this module we will be discussing compound dc
motor. Also, we will discuss on how the start a motor from no-load to load condition. We will also solved word
problems that will help you better understand the topic.

There are two types of compound motors depending on excitation that will be discuss in this module. These are:
a. Cumulatively compounded dc motor
b. Differentially compounded dc motor
And

There are two types of compound motors depending on its winding connection with respect to armature
winding. These are:
a. Long shunt compound dc motor
b. Short shunt compound dc motor

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 ELE 096: Electrical Machines 1
Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

1. What is a compound motor?

2. What is the purpose of a starter

to a dc motor?

B.MAIN LESSON
1) Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

Compound Motors (based on excitation)

These motors have both series and shunt windings. If series excitation helps the shunt excitation i.e.
series flux is in the same direction; then the motor is said to be cumulatively compounded. If on the other hand,
the series field opposes the shunt field, then the motor is said to be differentially compounded.

a. Cumulative-compound Motor
Such machine are used where series characteristics are requires and where, in addition,
the load is likely to be removed totally such as in some types of coal cutting machines or for driving
heavy machine tools which have to take sudden cuts quite often. Due to the shunt windings,
speed will not become excessively high but due to series windings, it will be able to take heavy
loads.
Compound-wound motors have greatest application with loads that require high starting
torques or pulsating loads (because such motors smooth out the energy demand required of a
pulsating load). They are used to drive electric shovels, metal-stamping machines, reciprocating
pumps, hoist and compressors etc.

b. Differential-compound Motors
Since series field opposes the shunt field, the flux is decreased as the load is applied to
the motor. This result in the motor speed remaining almost constant or even increasing with
𝐸
increase in load (because, 𝑁 ∝ 𝐵 ). Due to this reason, there is decrease in the rate at which the
∅
motor torque increases with the load such motors are not in common use. But because they can
be designed to give an accurately constant speed under all conditions, they find limited application
for experimental and research work.
One of the biggest drawback of such motor is that due to weakening of flux with increases
in load, there is a tendency towards speed instability and motor running away unless designed
properly.

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 ELE 096: Electrical Machines 1
Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

Compound Motors (based on winding connection)

Both the cumulative compound and differential compound DC motor can either be short shunt or long shunt type
depending on the nature of arrangement.

a. Long Shunt DC Motor

The series field coils are connected in series with the armature coils while the shunt field
coils are connected across the series combination.
The circuit diagram for a long shunt compound DC motor is:

Figure 1. Long shunt DC motor

Source: 1001 Solve Problem in EE

The voltage and current equation are:

𝑰𝒔𝒆 = 𝑰𝒂

𝑰𝒎 = 𝑰𝒂 + 𝑰𝒔𝒉
𝑽𝒔
𝑰𝑺𝒉 =
𝑹𝒔𝒉

𝑬𝒃 = 𝑽𝒔 − 𝑰𝒂 (𝑹𝒂 + 𝑹𝒔𝒆 )

Where: 𝑉𝑠 = supply voltage

𝐸𝑏 = back emf
𝑅𝑎 = armature equivalent resistance

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Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

𝑅𝑠𝑒 = series field winding resistance

𝑅𝑠ℎ = shunt field winding resistance
𝐼𝑚 = current drawn from supply
𝐼𝑎 = armature current
𝐼𝑠𝑒 = series field current
𝐼𝑠ℎ = shunt field current

b. Short Shunt DC Motor

The series field coils are connected in series with the supply voltage while the shunt field
coils and the armature coils are connected in parallel.
The circuit diagram for a long shunt compound DC motor is:

Figure 2. Short shunt DC motor

Source: 1001 Solve Problem in EE

The voltage and current equation are:

𝑰𝒔𝒆 = 𝑰𝒎

𝑰𝒎 = 𝑰𝒂 + 𝑰𝒔𝒉
𝑽𝒔 − 𝑰𝒔𝒆 𝑹𝒔𝒆
𝑰𝒔𝒉 =
𝑹𝒔𝒉

𝑬𝑩 = 𝑽𝒔 − 𝑰𝒔𝒆 𝑹𝒔𝒆 − 𝑰𝒂 𝑹𝒂

Where: 𝑉𝑠 = supply voltage

𝐸𝑏 = back emf

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 ELE 096: Electrical Machines 1
Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

𝑅𝑎 = armature equivalent resistance

𝑅𝑠𝑒 = series field winding resistance
𝑅𝑠ℎ = shunt field winding resistance
𝐼𝑚 = current drawn from supply
𝐼𝑎 = armature current
𝐼𝑠𝑒 = series field current
𝐼𝑠ℎ = shunt field current

Problem 1. A 25hp, 250V long shunt compound motor takes 5A when running light and runs at 1150rpm.
Armature resistance, 0.15 Ω, shunt field resistance, 200 Ω, and series field resistance, 0.05 Ω. At rated load the
motor takes 86.5A and runs at 720 rpm. Determine the ratio of torque from no-load to full-load.

Solution. 𝑬 = 𝒌∅𝑵, 𝑻 = 𝒌′ 𝑰𝒂 ∅
𝑉𝑠ℎ
𝐼𝑠ℎ = = 1.25 𝐴
𝑅𝑠ℎ

Armature current @no-load:

𝐼𝑎𝑁𝐿 = 𝐼𝑚𝑁𝐿 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ = 5 − 1.25 = 3.75 𝐴

Armature current @full load:

𝐼𝑎𝐹𝐿 = 𝐼𝑚𝐹𝐿 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ = 86.5 − 1.25 = 85.25 𝐴

Back emf @no-load:

𝐸𝑏𝑁𝐿 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑎𝑁𝐿 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 ) = 250 − 3.75(0.15 + 0.05) = 249.25 𝑉

Back emf @full load:

𝐸𝑏𝐹𝐿 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑎𝐹𝐿 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 ) = 250 − 82.35(0.15 + 0.05) = 249.25 𝑉

To get the change in flux we will use the equation, 𝑬 = 𝒌∅𝑵

𝐸𝑏𝐹𝐿 𝑁𝐹𝐿 ∅𝐹𝐿 ∅𝐹𝐿 𝐸𝑏𝐹𝐿 𝑁𝑁𝐿 232.95(1150)

= → = = = 1.49 ∴ ∅𝐹𝐿 = 1.49∅𝑁𝐿
𝐸𝑏𝑁𝐿 𝑁𝑁𝐿 ∅𝑁𝐿 ∅𝑁𝐿 𝐸𝑏𝑁𝐿 𝑁𝐹𝐿 249.25(720)

Now we can get the ratio of full load torque to no-load torque using equation, 𝑻 = 𝒌′ 𝑰𝒂 ∅
𝑇𝐹𝐿 𝐼𝑎𝐹𝐿 ∅𝐹𝐿 82.25
= =( ) (1.49) = 33.87
𝑇𝑁𝐿 𝐼𝑎𝑁𝐿 ∅𝑁𝐿 3.75
𝑇𝐹𝐿
= 33.87, the full load torque is 33.87 times the no-load torque.
𝑇𝑁𝐿

Problem 2. A 220V DC motor has an armature resistance of 0.4 ohm, a shunt field resistance of 175 ohms, and
a series field resistance of 4 ohms. This machine is connected as short shunt compound motor to 220V mains.
Calculate the power developed by the armature if the armature current is 30A. Neglect brush drop.

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Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

Solution.

𝑉𝑠ℎ = 𝐸𝑏 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎
𝑉𝑠ℎ 𝐸𝑏 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎
𝐼𝑠ℎ = =
𝑅𝑠ℎ 𝑅𝑠ℎ

𝐸𝑏 + 30(0.4)
=
175
𝐼𝑠ℎ = 0.005714𝐸𝑏 + 0.06857

𝐼𝑚 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ

𝐼𝑚 = 30 + 0.005714𝐸𝑏 + 0.06857

𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑚 𝑅𝑠𝑒 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎

𝐸𝐵 = 220 − (0.005714𝐸𝑏 + 30.06857)(4) − 30(0.4)

𝐸𝑏 = 85.76𝑉

∴ 𝑃𝑑 = 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 = 85.76(30) = 𝟐𝟓𝟕𝟐. 𝟖 𝑾

MOTOR STARTING

In order for a dc motor to function properly on the job, it must have some special control and protection
equipment associated with it. The purpose of this equipment are.

 To protect the motor against damage due to short circuits in the equipment
 To protect the motor against damage from long-term overloads
 To protect the motor against damage from excessive starting currents to provide a convenient
manner in which to control the operating speed of the motor.

Note: At starting, the armature draws a high current due to the back emf of the motor at the instant of starting is
equal to zero. 𝐸𝑏 = 0

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 ELE 096: Electrical Machines 1
Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

Source: 1001 Solve Problem in EE

 The armature starting current without a starting rheostat

𝑽𝒔
𝑰𝒂(𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕) =
𝑹𝒂
 Armature starting current with a starting rheostat inserted in the armature.
𝑽 𝑽𝒔
𝑰𝒂(𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕) = 𝒔 𝑹= − 𝑹𝒂
𝑹𝒂 +𝑹 𝑰𝒂(𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕)

Where: 𝐼𝑎(𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡) = armature starting current

𝑅𝑎 = armature resistance
𝑉𝑠 = supply voltage
𝑅 = resistance of the starting rheostat

Problem 3. A 10hp power 220V DC shunt has an armature and field resistance of 0.25 ohm and 100 ohms,
respectively. The full load efficiency is 83%. Determine the value of starting resistance in order that the starting
current will not exceed 200% of the full load value.

Solution.

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 10(746)
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = = = 8987.952 𝑊
𝜂 0.83
𝑃𝑖𝑛 8987.952
𝐼𝑖𝑛 = = = 40.854 𝐴
𝑉𝑠 220
𝑉𝑠 220
𝐼𝑠ℎ = = = 2.2 𝐴
𝑅𝑠ℎ 100

𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑚 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ = 40.854 − 2.2 = 38.654 𝐴

𝑉𝑆 220
𝑅= − 𝑅𝑎 = − 0.25
𝐼𝑎(𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡) 2(38.654)

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 ELE 096: Electrical Machines 1
Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

R=2.59 Ω

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)

Problem Solving. Solve the following problems completely. Write your solution in a separate short bond
paper. BOX your final answer.
1. A 220V shunt motor has armature and shunt field resistance of 0.15 ohms and 125 ohms
respectively. When running light it takes 6A and runs 1200 rpm. A series winding of 0.05 ohms
is added to make it long shunt cumulatively compounded. This winding increases the flux per
pole by 25% when the motor is taking its full load current of 100A. Neglecting armature
reaction, solve for the operating speed as compound motor.

2. A short shunt compound motor has an armature resistance of 0.4 ohm, a shunt field resistance
of 110 ohms and a series field resistance of 0.6 ohm. If this motor draws an armature current
of 50A at rated load determine,

a. The counter emf

b. Horsepower developed in armature

3. A 220-V shunt motor delivers 40hp on full load at 950rpm and has an efficiency of 88%. The
armature and field resistance are 0.2 ohm and 110 ohms respectively. Determine the starting
resistance such that the starting armature current does not exceed 1.6times the full load
current.

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

Now answer the “What I Learned” column in Activity 1.

4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Essay. Answer the question briefly. Write your answer in separate short bond paper.

1. Explain the difference between Cumulative Compound DC motor and Differential-Compound DC

motor.

2. Why do we need to put a starting resistance to a motor?

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 ELE 096: Electrical Machines 1
Students’ Activity Sheets #6

Name:______________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule:________________________________________ Date:________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

Three things I learned:

1.

2.

3.

Two things I like to learn more:

1.

2.

One question you still have:

1.

FAQs

Q: What is the difference of long-shunt and short shunt compound motor?

A: The main difference is the connection of the series field circuit.

Q: Where is the connection of the series field in the long-shunt compound motor?

A: The series field in a long-shunt is connected in series with armature coils.

Q: Where is the connection of the series field in the long-shunt compound motor?

A: The series field in a short-shunt is connected in series with the supply voltage.

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