Ordinary Differential Equation

Application – Growth and Decay

 Growth and Decay
The rate (dN/dt) which a population grow is directly
proportional  to the number present (N).

𝑑𝑁
 𝑁
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑁
= + 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ, 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑁
= − 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑦 , 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑑𝑡

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 2

Growth and Decay
𝑑𝑁
 𝑁 Proportionality constant
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑁
= 𝑘 𝑁
𝑑𝑡
No – initial concentration
𝑁 𝑡
𝑑𝑁 N- final concentration
න = 𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡 t- time
𝑁𝑜 𝑁 0

ln 𝑁 = 𝑘 𝑡
ln 𝑁 − ln 𝑁𝑜 = 𝑘 (𝑡 − 0)

𝑁
ln
𝑒 𝑁𝑜 = 𝑒 𝑘𝑡

𝑵 = 𝑵𝒐 𝒆𝒌𝒕 growth
𝑵 = 𝑵𝒐 𝒆−𝒌𝒕 decay

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 3

 Problem 1:
A certain population of specie doubled its number after
three hours and became million after 15 hours. Determine
the original count of this specie.

Given:
N = No t=0
N= 2 No t = 3 hours
N= 106 t = 15 hours

Required:
No = ? (original count)

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 4

 Problem 1:
Upper limit
(to)
Solution
2 𝑁𝑜 3 Start with solving
𝑑𝑁
න = 𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡 the value of k by
𝑁𝑜 𝑁 0 using the given
data.
2𝑁𝑜
ln = 𝑘 (3 − 0)
𝑁𝑜
Lower limit
(from )
ln 2 = 3𝑘

1
𝑘 = ln 2
3

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 5

Problem 1:

106 15
𝑑𝑁
න = 𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡
𝑁𝑜 𝑁 0

106 1 15
𝑙𝑛 =( ln 2 ) 15 = ln 2
𝑁𝑜 3 3
Unknown,
include in 106 15
the equation 𝑒 ln 𝑁𝑜 = 𝑒 ln 2 3

106
𝑁𝑜 = 5
2

𝑵𝒐 = 𝟑𝟏, 𝟐𝟓𝟎

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 6

 Problem 2:
Radium decomposes approximately at a rate proportional to
the amount present. If 100g now will be 98 g hundred
years later. Find the (a) half life of radium decomposes
and (b) the time it takes for 2/3 amounts.

Given :
t=0 R = 100 g
t = 100 R = 98g

Required:
t1/2 = ? R = 50g = 0.5 (100)
t=? R = 2/3 (100)

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 7

Problem 2:
98 100
𝑑𝑁
න = −𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡 Start with solving
100 𝑁 0 the value of ‘k’ by
using the given
98 data.
ln = −𝑘 (100 − 0)
100
Do not include
−1 98 two unknowns in
𝑘= ln
100 100 one equation.
50 𝑡1/2
𝑑𝑁
න = −𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡 Unknown,
100 𝑁 0 include in
the equation
50 1 98
ln = ln 𝑡
100 100 100 1/2

𝒕𝟏 = 𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝟔 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 = 𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟏 𝒚𝒓𝒔

𝟐

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 8

Problem 2:
2
(100) 𝑡
3 𝑑𝑁
න = −𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡
100 𝑁 0

2
(100) 1 98
ln 3 = −(− (ln( )) 𝑡
(100) 100 100

2 1 98
ln = − (− (ln( )) 𝑡
3 100 100

ln 2/3
1 98 =t
100
(ln( 100
))

𝒕 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟔. 𝟗𝟖 𝒚𝒓𝒔 = 𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟕 𝒚𝒓𝒔

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 9

 Problem 3:
The rate at which radioactive nuclei decay is proportional to the number
present in a given sample. Half of the original number of radioactive
nuclei have undergone disintegration in a period of 1500 years.
a. What % of the original radioactive nuclei will remain after 4500 years ?
b. In how many years will only 1/10 of the original number remain.

Given :
t= 0 N= No
t= 1500 years N = 0.5 No

Required:
a. N = x No t =4500 years , x=?
b. N= 1/10 No t=?

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 10

Problem 3:

0.5𝑁𝑜 1500
𝑑𝑁
න = −𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡
𝑁𝑜 𝑁 0

0.5𝑁𝑜
ln = −𝑘 (1500 − 0)
𝑁𝑜

1
𝑘= − ln 0.5
1500

𝑘 = 4.62 𝑥 10−4

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 11

 Problem 3:
Solving a,

𝑥𝑁𝑜 4500 You may also use these limits,

𝑑𝑁
න = −𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡
𝑁𝑜 𝑁 0
𝑥𝑁𝑜
𝑑𝑁 4500
න = −𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡
0.5 𝑁𝑜 𝑁 1500
𝑥𝑁𝑜 1
ln =( ln 0.5) (4500 − 0)
𝑁𝑜 1500

𝑥 = 0.125

𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓%

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 12

 Problem 3:
Solving b,
1
10𝑁𝑜 𝑑𝑁 𝑡
න = −𝑘 න 𝑑𝑡
𝑁𝑜 𝑁 0

1
𝑁𝑜 1
ln 10 =( ln 0.5) (𝑡)
𝑁𝑜 1500
1
ln( )
𝑡= 10
1
(ln 0.5)
1500

𝒕 = 𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟗 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 = 𝟒, 𝟗𝟖𝟑 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 13

 END OF PRESENTATION

ONE HEART.
ONE COMMITMENT.
ONE LIFE.
1719 – 2019
#300LaSalle

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Joshua Hernandez 14

The Lasallian Prayer

“I will continue, O my God,

to do all my actions for the love of Thee.”

Saint John Baptist de La Salle, pray for us.

Live Jesus in our hearts, forever.

25 October 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma Cristina Macawile 15