Solutions of First Order, First Degree Ordinary Differential Equation

Variable Separable
Lecture
 Learning Outcomes

By the end of this lecture you’ll be able to

• Recognize a differential equation that can be solved by

variable separable method.

• Demonstrate the use of variable separable method in

evaluating a first order, first degree differential equation

• Use an initial condition to find a particular solution of a

differential equation, given a general solution

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 2

 Introduction
Variable Separable

Standard Form : 𝑀 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Mr. X Mr. Y

General Solution : ‫ 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑀 ׬‬+ ‫ ׬ = 𝑦𝑑 𝑦 𝑁 ׬‬0

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 3

Example : Using variable separable, find the general solution of

1. 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

Step 1: Separate the variables. The first term should contain only ‘x’
variable and second term should contain only ‘y’ variable. This could be
1
done by multiplying the whole equation to (sec 𝑦) (1+𝑒 𝑥 ) .

1
𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 1 + 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(sec 𝑦) (1 + 𝑒 𝑥 )

𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑦 1 + 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑦 tan 𝑦 0

𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 =
(sec 𝑦) 1 + 𝑒 𝑥 (sec 𝑦) 1 + 𝑒 𝑥 (sec 𝑦) 1 + 𝑒 𝑥

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma Cristina Macawile 4

Step 2: Simplify the equation.

𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥 + tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
1 + 𝑒𝑥

Step 3: Integrate the terms or functions M and N.

𝑒𝑥
‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 + ‫ ׬‬tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ ׬‬0
1+𝑒 𝑥

𝑒𝑥
Integrate, ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥
1+𝑒 𝑥

𝑒𝑥
‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛 (1 + 𝑒 𝑥 )
1+𝑒 𝑥

Integrate, ‫ ׬‬tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

sin 𝑦
= ‫ ׬‬cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 5

Step 4: Rewrite the equation.

𝑒𝑥
‫׬‬ 1+𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 + ‫ ׬‬tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ ׬‬0

ln(1 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝑙𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑐

Step 5: Simplify. Write the general solution.

𝑥
𝑒 ln(1+ 𝑒 ) + 𝑒 ln sec 𝑦 = 𝑒 ln 𝑐

c = (𝟏 + 𝒆𝒙 ) (sec y) General Solution

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 6

 Sample 2: Find the general solution of

1 + 𝑦 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Step 1: Separate the variables. The first term should contain only ‘x’
variable and second term should contain only ‘y’ . This could be
1
done by multiplying the whole equation to 1+ 𝑦2 (𝑒 −𝑥 ) .

2 −𝑥
1
1+𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑑𝑦 = 0 .
1 + 𝑦 2 (𝑒 −𝑥 )

1 + 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 0
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 =
1 + 𝑦 2 (𝑒 −𝑥 ) 1 + 𝑦 2 (𝑒 −𝑥 ) 1 + 𝑦 2 (𝑒 −𝑥 )

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 7

 Step 2: Simplify the equation.

𝑥 1
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑒 −𝑥 1 + 𝑦2

Step 3: Integrate the terms or functions M and N.

𝑥 𝑑𝑦
න −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න = න0
(𝑒 ) 1 + 𝑦2

𝑑𝑦
න 𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 + න = න0
1 + 𝑦2
‫𝑥𝑑 ) 𝑥 𝑒( 𝑥 ׬‬ 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = e𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑥

‫ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑 ) 𝑥 𝑒( 𝑥 ׬‬− ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬

𝑑𝑦
‫׬‬ = 𝑇𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦
1+ 𝑦 2

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma . Cristina Macawile 8

Step 4: Rewrite the equation.

𝑑𝑦
න𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 + න = න0
1 + 𝑦2

𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
𝑥𝑒 − න𝑒 𝑑𝑥 + න = න0
1 + 𝑦2

Step 5: Simplify. Write the general solution.

General Solution
𝒙𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒙 + 𝑻𝒂𝒏 −𝟏 𝒚 = 𝒄

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 Sample 3: Find the general solution and particular solution

𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟑 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

when x = 1; y = - 2

Step 1: Separate the variables. The first term should contain only ‘x’
variable and second term should contain only ‘y’ variable. This could
1
be done by multiplying the whole equation by 𝑥 𝑦+3 .

1
( 𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟑 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 ) 𝑥 𝑦+3

𝑦+3 𝑥𝑦
2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑦+3 𝑥 𝑦+3

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile 10

Step 2: Simplify the equation.

2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑦+3

Step 3: Integrate the terms or functions M and N.

2 𝑦
න 𝑑𝑥 − න 𝑑𝑦 = න 0
𝑥 𝑦+3

2
‫ = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑙𝑛 𝑥

𝑦 3 3 𝑑𝑦
‫𝑦 ׬‬+3 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ ׬‬1 − 𝑦+3 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ 𝑦𝑑 ׬‬− ‫𝑦( ׬‬+3)

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Step 4: Rewrite the equation.

3
2 ln 𝑥 − න 𝑑𝑦 − න 𝑑𝑦 = න0
𝑦+3

Step 5: Simplify. Write the general solution.

2 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒚 + 3 𝐥𝐧 𝒚 + 3 = 𝒄 General Solution

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Step 6: Simplify. Write the particular solution. Substitute values of x= 1 ,y = -2

2 ln(1) − (−2) + 3 ln −2 + 3 = 𝑐

0 + 2 + 3 ln 1 = 𝑐

0 + 2 + 3 ln 1 = 𝑐

0+2+3 0 = 𝑐

2=𝑐

𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟐 Particular solution

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 END OF PRESENTATION

ONE HEART.
ONE COMMITMENT.
ONE LIFE.
1719 – 2019
#300LaSalle

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Joshua Hernandez 14

The Lasallian Prayer

“I will continue, O my God,

to do all my actions for the love of Thee.”

Saint John Baptist de La Salle, pray for us.

Live Jesus in our hearts, forever.

17 September 2021 Prepared By: Engr. Ma Cristina Macawile 15