 Obesity is a major global health concern and is ranked as the fifth leading cause of death

worldwide. It is characterized by an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can impair

health.
 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as an energy imbalance between
calories consumed and calories expended. Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to
classify adults into underweight, overweight, or obese categories.
 The prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased over the past few decades, with an estimated
641 million obese adults in 2014 compared to 105 million in 1975.
 Obesity is a complex health issue influenced by individual factors (genetics, learned behaviors)
and substantial causes (unhealthy eating habits, food deserts).
 It is associated with increased risk of chronic conditions and diseases such as asthma, cancer,
diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular diseases.
 Obesity affects multiple organ systems and is linked to various cardiovascular conditions.
 Socioeconomic and environmental factors also contribute to obesogenic environments.
 Understanding the causes and determinants of obesity is crucial for developing effective
prevention programs and policies.
 This systematic literature review aims to identify the factors influencing and causing adult
obesity and explore the use of machine learning techniques for predicting obesity