Foundations of

Data Science
Unit 5
 Acknowledgement
▪ Most of the slides in this presentation are taken from material provided by
▪ A Reader on Data Visualization
(https://mschermann.github.io/data_viz_reader/)
▪ John Canny’s Presentation on Data Visualization in Berkeley University

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Data Visualization
 Data Visualization
▪ Data visualization is the process of creating interactive visuals to understand
trends, variations, and derive meaningful insights from the data.
▪ The main goal of data visualization is to communicate information clearly and
effectively through graphical means.

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 Uses of Data Visualization
▪ Identify relationships among attributes
▪ Detect outliers
▪ Discover structure
▪ Communication

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Type of Analysis and
Charts to Visualize
 Trend Analysis
▪ It is an analysis of the rate of growth or decline (trend) between different periods
of time.
▪ Type of Charts for Trend Analysis
▪ Line Chart
▪ Sparklines:
▪ Scatter Plot

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 Charts for Trend Analysis
Line Chart Sparkline Chart

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 Scatter Plot
▪ A scatter plot is a two-dimensional data
visualization that uses dots to represent the
values obtained for two different variables - one
plotted along the x-axis and the other plotted
along the y-axis.
▪ Scatter plots are very useful tools for conveying
the relationship between two variables, but you
need to know how to use them and interpret
them properly.

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 Correlation Analysis
▪ Identify relationships between attributes
▪ Most common type in Data analysis.
▪ For example:
▪ Does smoking cause cancer?
▪ Does the price of a petrol impact the price of gold?

▪ Type of Charts for Correlation Analysis

▪ Scatter Plot
▪ Heatmaps

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 Scatter Plot for Correlation Analysis

Source:
https://mste.illinois.edu/courses/ci330ms/youtsey/scatterinfo.html

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 Heatmap
▪ Used to visualize pair-wise correlation
matrix
▪ Change in intensity of color shows
degree of correlation between the
attributes

Source: https://towardsdatascience.com/data-visualization-in-data-science-5681cbdde5bf

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 Distribution/Composition Analysis
▪ To understand distribution
of values in an attribute.
▪ Type of Charts for
Distribution Analysis Fig 1: Pie Chart

▪ Pie Chart
▪ Histogram
▪ Bar Chart
▪ Stacked Bar Chart

Fig 3: Stacked Bar Chart Fig 2: Bar Chart

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 Histogram Vs. Bar Charts
▪ Histograms are used to visualize values of numerical variable of interest
whereas Bar charts are used for visualizing distribution of categorical
variable

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 Geographical Data
Analysis

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Quiz 1
 S.No
0
Instructions for Online Participants 1
2
Example 1:
3
If your ERP ID is 14669 then you should pick 1st, 4th, 6th,
6th and 9th record. In addition, add 1 to each number in 4
your ID (separately, no carrying forward/backward). This 5
implies: 14669 → 25770 (1 is added to each number). As
6
a result, pick 2nd, 5th, 7th, 7th and 0th records too. The
combined dataset for this ERP ID would be [1, 4, 6, 6, 9, 7
2, 5, 7, 7, 0] 8
9
Example 2: Similarly, if your ERP ID is 19805 then 19805
→ 20916 The combined set or records of this ID would be 0
[1, 9, 8, 0, 5, 2, 0, 9, 1, 6].

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