CET 202

Fluid Mechanics
Unit 2
Fluid Dynamics
Lecture 10
27/07/2020
11.15 to 12.15
Fluid Dynamics

• Force causing the motion is considered.

• Equation of motion is,

• Forces acting on fluid are

• Fg, gravity force
• FP, pressure force
• Fv, force due to viscosity
• Ft, force due to turbulence
• Fc, force due to comprssibility
 Forces
• Equation for Fx becomes,
Fx = Fg + FP + Fv + Ft + Fc

• If force due to compressibility is neglected, Reynold’s equation of motion

Fx = Fg + FP + Fv + Ft

• If force due to turbulance is neglected, Navier Stoke equation of motion

Fx = Fg + FP + Fv

• If force due to viscosity is neglected, Euler’s equation of motion

Fx = Fg + FP
Euler’s equation of motion
• This is equation of motion in
which forces due to gravity
and pressure are taken into
account.
• Derived by considering
motion of fluid along a
stream line.
 Euler’s equation of motion
• Forces acting on element
are,
• Pressure force P.dA
• Weight of element ρ.g.dA.ds

Let θ be the angle between direction of flow

and line of action of weight of element.
The resultant force on fluid element in
direction of s must e be equal to mass of fluid
element x acceleration in direction s.
 Euler’s equation of motion
Where, as is acceleration in s
direction

For steady flow,

Substituting value of as in above equation,

 Euler’s equation of motion
Dividing by, ρ.ds.dA

But, from figure,

Substituting,

Euler’s equation of motion

For very small value, ∂s = ds
 Bernoulli’s equation of motion
• By integrating Euler’s equation motion, we get Bernoulli’s
equation of motion.
• It is mathematical expression of principle of conservation of
energy.
Bernoulli’s equation of motion

Bernoulli’s equation
Terms in Bernoulli’s equation
• = pressure head (Pressure energy per unit weight)

• = velocity head (velocity energy per unit weight)

• z = datum head (Protentional energy per unit weight)

Total energy of flowing fluid remains constant.

Bernoulli’s equation
Assumptions in Bernoulli’s equation

• Fluid is ideal (Viscosity is zero)

• Flow is steady
• The flow is incompressible
• Flow is irrotational.