OC ASSIGNMENT-2

1. Briefly discuss, with the aid of suitable diagrams, the following concepts in optical fiber
transmission:
(a) the evanescent field;
(b) Goos–Haenchen shift;
(c) mode coupling.
Describe the effects of these phenomena on the propagation of light in optical fibers.
2. Discuss dispersion mechanisms with regard to single-mode fibers indicating the dominating
effects. Hence, describe how intramodal dispersion may be minimized within the single-
mode region.
3. Discuss absorption losses in optical fibers, comparing and contrasting the intrinsic and
extrinsic absorption mechanisms.
4. (a) Compare and contrast, using suitable diagrams, the outside vapor-phase oxidation
(OVPO) process and the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technique for the
preparation of low-loss optical fibers.
(b) Briefly describe the salient features of vapor axial deposition (VAD) and the plasma-
activated chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) when applied to the preparation of optical
fibers.
5. Discuss the principles of operation of the two major categories of demountable optical fiber
connector. Describe in detail a common technique for achieving a butt-jointed fiber
connector.
A butt-jointed fiber connector used on a multimode step index fiber with a core refractive
index of 1.42 and a relative refractive index difference of 1% has an angular misalignment of
9°. There is no longitudinal or lateral misalignment but there is a small air gap between the
fibers in the connector. Estimate the insertion loss of the connector.
6. Describe, with the aid of suitable diagrams, three common techniques used for the
mechanical splicing of optical fibers.
A mechanical splice in a multimode step index fiber has a lateral offset of 16% of the fiber
core radius. The fiber core has a refractive index of 1.49, and an index matching fluid with a
refractive index of 1.45 is inserted in the splice between the butt-jointed fiber ends.
Assuming no longitudinal or angular misalignment, estimate the insertion loss of the splice.