第十四分微积分笔记-rate of change part 2

Rate of change part 2

重点一：关于坐标的题目
Example 1
A particle is moving along a curve xy  8 .As it reaches the point (4,2),the
y-coordinate is decreasing at a rate of 3units/s.How fast is the x-coordinate of the point
changing at this instant?

Example 1.1
The line AB intersects the y-axis at A(0,10) and x-axis at B(24,0)
Rectangle OPQR is bounded by triangle OAB, with P,Q and R lying on OB,AB and OA
respectively
Q moves along AB such that PQ is always parallel to y-axis and RQ is always parallel to x-
axis
5
(i) Show that y  10  x
12
(ii) If OP is increasing at a rate of 2 units per second,calculate the rate of change of PQ

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 第十四分微积分笔记-rate of change part 2
Example 1.2 要交的功课 stage 1
Given curve y 
1 , find the x-intercept and y-intercept of the tangent l at 1 . 1 The figure shows the curve y  5  2x2 ,
A( p, )
x p the fixed point P (0,3) and two variable points, Q, R ,
let S be the area bounded by the l and two axes, find the rate of change of S when p=1, if where QR is always parallel to the x-axis.
dp
 1 unit/s Given that Q moves away from P at a rate
dt
dy 1
by   unit/s,
dt 3
(i)Find the rate of change of x-coordinate of R
when x=4 units.
(ii)Find the rate of change of area of triangle PQR
when x  4 units

Example 1.3
The figure shows a parallelogram OPQR.
given that Q lies on the line y=2x+1 and p increases at a rate of 1.2 unit per second,
RQ is always parallel to x-axis and RO is always parallel to QP
(i)Express coordinates of Q in terms of p
(ii)Find the rate of change of the area of the parallelogram OPQR when p=1.5
(iii)Find the rate of change of the length of the diagonal OQ at that instant.

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 第十四分微积分笔记-rate of change part 2
杂题
Example 2
A sphere of radius 26cm has a variable circular cylinder inscribed within it such that the edges
of the 2 circular ends of the cylinder are always on the surface of the sphere.
At a particular instant,the radius of the cylinder is 24cm and is decreasing at the rate of 0.5
cm/s, find the rate at which the height is changing at that instant.

Example 4
Two people start from the same point.One walks east at 4km/h and the other walks northeast
at 2km/h.How fast is the distance between the people changing after 15 minutes?

Example 3
water trough is 10m long and a cross-section has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid that is
30cm wide at the bottom,80cm wide at the top, and has height 50cm.if the trough is being
filled with water at the rate of 0.2m3/min,how fast is the water level rising when the water is 30
cm deep?
提示：isosceles trapezoid=等腰梯形

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 第十四分微积分笔记-rate of change part 2
Example 5
有一盘式起重机，OA 为吊臂，长 8m，可绕 O 旋转，OB 为固定杆，长 10m；绳子的一端结在
Stage 2 Challenge
重点一：坐标的题目！
吊臂的顶点 A，并通过 B 把重物 W 拉住。若绳子以 0.5m/s 速度收拉，当时 cos   0.8 ，求
1 A point P ( x, y ) is moving along the curve y  2 x 2  3 x
(i)此时角度  的变化率
(ii)此时重物 W 上升的速度 ans:-1/16, 3/10 A fixed point R ( 2,14) lies on the curve
Q, V are two points on the y-axis such that QP and
RV are parallel to the x-axis.
RS, PT are parallel to the y-axis

(i)Find the rate of change of x when y is increasing

at a rate of 4 units per second and x is 3 unit

(ii)If A is area of PQVRSTP and L is its perimeter,

3 2
show thatA  2 x  3 x  28 and
2
L  4 x  8x

(iii)Find the rate of change of L when A is increasing

Example 6
at a rate of 1.5 square units and x=2.5 units
The diagram below shows an isosceles triangle ABC with fixed lengths AB and AC of 10 cm
each and ∠ACB=∠ABC=  rad. A is a variable point which is at a height h cm directly
above the point O while B and C are variable points which move horizontally along line l .
2 A winch at the top of a 12-meter building pulls
Given that A descends vertically towards the point O such that the area of triangle ABC
a pipe of the same length to a vertical position,
is decreasing at a constant rate of 0.7cm2/s,determine, at the instant when A is 6cm above as shown in the figure.The winch pulls in rope
O, at a rate of -0.2 meter per second.Find the rate
of vertical change and the rate of horizontal
(a) The rate of change of  change at the end of the pipe when y=6
(b) The rate at which C is moving away from O.
Ans:-0.025, 0.15
杂题
1 Coffee is draining from a conical filter
into a cylinder coffee pot at the rate of
10 in3/min.How fast is the level in the
pot rising when the coffee in the cone is
5in deep?How fast is the level in the
cone falling then?

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 第十四分微积分笔记-rate of change part 2
2 an inverted square pyramid of sides 12cm and 7 In the figure ,PQR is a semicircle of radius r ,where r is a constant,touching the
height 18cm is completely filled with water.Water line CD at Q.PR is parallel to CD. AB is a movable line of length l ( l is a
leaks away at the vertex at a rate of 4cm3/s.calculate
the rate of change of the height of the water level constant and lr ) such that B lies on the semicircle and makes an angle 
when the depth of water is 8 cm with PR. Let h the perpendicular distance from A to CD.
ans:9/64 (i) show that h  r  (l  2r cos  ) sin 
(ii) if  increases at rate of 0.5 radian per second,find the rate of change of h with

3 two carts, A and B, are connected by a rope 12m respect to time when  , r  2, l  7
long that passes over a pulley P.The point Q is 3
on the floor 4m directly beneath P and between the
carts.Cart A is being pulled away from Q at a
speed of 0.5m/s.How fast is cart B moving toward
Q at the instant when cart A is 3m from Q?

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4 A point P is moving along the curve y . Its x-coordinate is increasing at 8 A runner sprints around a circular track of radius 100m at a constant speed of 7 m/s.
x The runner’s friend is standing at a distance 200 m from the center of the
the rate 3 unit/second. At point P, a tangent line is drawn. Find the rate of track.How fast is the distance between the friends changing when the
change of the y-intercept of the tangent line when the x-coordinate of point P is 3. distance between them is 200 m?
Ans=-2/3

9 A diver jumps from a high platform with an initial

5 A baseball diamond has the shape of a square with downward velocity of 1ft/s toward the center of a
sides 90 feet long.A player running from second base large circular tank of water.From physics the height
to third base at a speed of 28 feet per second ,is 30 feet of the diver above ground level is given by
from third base.At what rate is the player’s distance s  16t 2  t  200
s from home plate changing? Ans:
28 (i)Find the rate at which the angle  subtended by
10 the circular tank at the diver’s eye is increasing at t=3s
(ii)What is the rate of change of  when the diver hits
the water
6 Oil of volume 100 cm3 spreads on a frying pan so that its thickness is given by
h  k / t , where t is the time from the moment when the oil is
poured ， k is constant. Find the rate of change of the radius r of the oil
when t  1s . 10 A drawbridge with two 20m spans is being raised at the rate of 2 radians/min.How
题目解释：体积固定 100 的油倒进去平底锅，形成一个圆形。这个圆会慢慢扩散变大。 fast is the distance between two ends of the spans increasing when they are
而因为体积是固定的，所以圆变大的话，油的厚度必然变薄。厚度与时间的关系是 
elevated radians?
hk/ t 4
意思是，每片桥长 20m，如图，两片桥升起来。