RESEARCH ARTICLE | OCTOBER 10 2018

Utilization of diverse food plants by the Kampung Cibeo

Baduy-Dalam community, Kanekes Village, Lebak District,
Banten Province 
Ismail N. Salampessy  ; Nisyawati; Eko Baroto Walujo

AIP Conference Proceedings 2019, 020004 (2018)

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5061840

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 Utilization of Diverse Food Plants by the Kampung Cibeo
Baduy-Dalam Community, Kanekes Village, Lebak District,
Banten Province
Ismail N. Salampessy1,a), Nisyawati2 and Eko Baroto Walujo3

¹Postgraduate Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of
Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424
3
Division of Botany, The Indonesian Institute of Science, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia

Corresponding author: danishkinan@gmail.com

a)

Abstract. A study of the conservation of food plants was undertaken on settlements, rivers, and fields of the Cibeo
community. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diversity of food plants known and utilized by the Cibeo
community. This research was conducted from September 2017 to January 2018. Data collection was performed through
semi-structured, close-ended and open-ended questions, vegetation analysis and free-roaming interviews. Data were

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analyzed descriptively. This study revealed that from 138 plant species spread among the three landscape units, 43
species were classified as food plant species, of which eight species were found in settlements, 23 species on the river
and 12 species in the fields. These food plants are acknowledged and utilized by the Cibeo community.

Keywords: Food plants, diversity, species.

INTRODUCTION
The Baduy community is composed of the Sundanese people who live in Kanekes Village, Banten Province. The
number of kampung in Baduy area in 2009 were 58 kampung, divided into 55 Baduy Luar and three Baduy Dalam
villages (Kampung Cibeo, Kampung Cikeusik, and Kampung Cikertawana).1
As with the two other kampung in Baduy-Dalam, the main livelihood of the Cibeo community is ngahuma
(farming) rice.2 In addition to rice as the primary food ingredient, the Cibeo community also knowns and utilizes
various additional food ingredients obtained from environmental units around the residences.3 The community has
also classified these biodiversity sources as staple food sources, alternative staple food sources, additional food
sources (fruit), additional food sources (vegetables) and additional food sources (flavoring). This diversity of food
plants is spread over various landscaping units, such as leuweung lembur (settlements), cai (rivers) and huma
(fields).
Research that has been done in Kanekes Village, in Baduy region, only inventoried food plants in general.4,5
There has been no research on identification, inventory and classification of food plants in the landscape unit in
Kampung Cibeo, Kanekes Village, Banten. The purpose of this research was to reveal the diversity of food plants
known and utilized by the Cibeo community. This research only discusses the diversity of food plants found in the
landscape units leuweung lembur (settlements), cai (rivers) and huma (fields), located in Kampung Cibeo, Kanekes
Village, Banten.

The 9th International Conference on Global Resource Conservation (ICGRC) and AJI from Ritsumeikan University
AIP Conf. Proc. 2019, 020004-1–020004-7; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5061840
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1737-3/$30.00

020004-1
 EXPERIMENTAL DETAIL

Study Area

The study was conducted from September 2017 to January 2018, on an area of 3,101.8 km², in the Baduy-Dalam
region known as Cibeo, Kanekes Village, Leuwidamar Sub District, Lebak District, Banten Province. Its geographic
location is 6°27ˈ27ˮ to 6°30ˈ0ˮ north latitude and 108°3ˈ9ˮ to 106°4ˈ55ˮ east longitude, with altitude ranging from
300-1200 meters above sea level. Identification of plant species was performed in the Herbarium Laboratory,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, LIPI Botany and
LIPI National Cibinong, Bogor.

Interviews and Data Collection

The selection of key informants was done by a purposive sampling approach. Sources of knowledge were
obtained from key informants and general respondents. The number of key informants was two people, a headman,
and healer who were considered to have knowledge and experience with utilization of food plants. The general
respondents constituted 10% of the total population of Cibeo.6 Participatory observation methods of community
activities performed data collection of community knowledge about the diversity of food plants.7,8 Interviews with
respondents were conducted with semi-structured, close ended and open-ended questions, and using questionnaire
guidance.9
Data collection of plants was by two approaches. The first by free roaming with informants in the landscape
units of settlements, rivers, and fields, and the second by vegetation analysis. Free roaming in each landscape unit
was by purposive sampling within the landscape of ownership restrictions. Vegetation analysis was conducted to
complement the inventory of undiscovered species in free roaming. Vegetation analysis was conducted by transects
on the food plant landscape. Transects were made by a systemic parallel sampling method (systematic parallel lines

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sampling).10 This method is done by installing the transect line as the central axis of the landscape sample area. The
transects created four plots for each landscape. The size of each plot was 10 x 10 m. Plots were placed by turning to
left and right of the transect line. Each landscape had one transect. Samples of food plant species were identified in
the Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of Indonesia. Data analysis
of interview results and observations were conducted by a qualitative approach. Qualitative analysis was conducted
by descriptive statistics.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Diversity of Species and Families of Food Plants

Based on interviews, Cibeo community recognizes seven units of landscape as sources of food plants. They were
(1) leuweung lembur (settlements), (2) cai (rivers), (3) huma (fields), (4) jami (old fields abandoned one year), (5)
reuma (old fields abandoned three years), (6) reuma kolot (old fields abandoned seven years) and (7) leuweung kolot
(forest). A study was conducted to inventory the diversity of food plants in leuweung lembur, cai and huma. The
total number of food plants in these three landscape units were as many as 43 species from 21 families that are
utilized by the Cibeo community. The highest number of food plants were found in cai, 23 species from 15 families
(Table 1). The riparian of the river had the highest variety of food plants, related to the role of cai vegetation in
maintaining water quality as well as a source of medicinal materials, food and boards.11 The high diversity of food
plant species is also influenced by the amount of vacant land, compared to leuweung lembur or huma. The second
highest number of food plants was found in huma, 12 species from five families (Table 2), and the third highest
number of food plants was found in leuweung lembur, eight species from seven families (Table 3).

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 TABLE 1. Food Plant on Caiˈs Landscape
Local Name Accepted Family Staple Alternative Additional Additional Additional
of Plant Name of Food Staple Food Food Sources Food Sources Food Sources
Species Sources Source (Fruit) (Vegetable) (Flavour)
Huwi Dioscorea Dioscorea ●
alata L. ceae
Pisitan Lansium Meliaceae ●
domesticum
Correa
Duku Lansium Meliaceae ●
parasiticum
(Osbeck)
K.C. Sahni
&Bennet
Paku Rane Selaginella Selaginell ●
plana aceae
(Desv.)
Hieron
Kaleho Saurauia Actinidiac ●
cauliflora eae
DC.
Paku Bolbitis Lomariops ●
Harupat heteroclite idaceae
(Presl.)
Ching
Salam Syzygium Myrtaceae ●

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polyanthum
(Wight)
Walp.
Paku kapal Tectaria sp. Aspidiacea ●
e
Kidahu Dracontomel Anacardia ●
on dao ceae
(Blanco)
Merr. &
Rolfe
Picung Pangium Achariace ●
edule Reinw. ae

Limus Mangifera Anacardia ●

indica L. ceae

Huwi Dioscorea Dioscorea ●

Kelapa laurifolia ceae
Wall. Ex
Hook.f.
Kadu/Duren Durio Malvaceae ●
zibethinus
Menteng Baccaurea Phyllantha ●
racemosa ceae
(Reinw. Ex
Blume)
Muell. Arg.

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Continue
Local Name Accepted Family Staple Alternative Additional Additional Additional
of Plant Name of Food Staple Food Food Sources Food Sources Food Sources
Species Sources Source (Fruit) (Vegetable) (Flavour)
Kecapi Sandorium Meliaceae ●
koetjape
(Burm.f.)
Merr.
Huwi Sawut Dioscorea Dioscorea ●
pentaphylla ceae
L.

Kaweni Mangifera Anacardia ●

odorata ceae
Griff.
Binglu Mangifera Anacardia ●
caesia Jack ceae
Pari Mangifera Anacardia ●
sp. ceae
Nangka Artocarpus Moraceae ●
heterophyllu
s
Salak Salacca Arecaceae ●
zalacca
(Gaertn.)
Voss

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Bonteng Cucumis Cucurbita ●
sativus L. ceae
Teong Solanum Solanacea ●
melingena L. e

TABLE 2. Food Plant on Humaˈs Landscape

Local Name Accepted Family Staple Alternativ Additional Additional Additional
of Plant Name of Food e Staple Food Food Sources Food
Species Sources Food Sources (Vegetable) Sources
Sources (Fruit) (Flavour)
Pare Oryza sativa Poaceae ●
L.
Hiris Cajanus Fabaceae ●
cajan (L.,)
Milllsp.
Jeruk nipis Citrus Rutaceae ●
aurantiifolia
(Christm.)
Swingle
Jaat Psophocarpu Fabaceae ●
s
tetragonolob
us (L.,) DC.
Cengek Capsicum Solanacea ●
frutescens L. e
Jahe Zingiber Zingiberac ●
officinale eae
Roscoe

020004-4
Continue
Local Name Accepted Family Staple Alternative Additional Additional Additional
of Plant Name of Food Staple Food Food Sources Food Sources Food Sources
Species Sources Source (Fruit) (Vegetable) (Flavour)
Peuteuy Parkia Fabaceae ●
speciosa
Hassk.
Kacang Vigna Fabaceae ●
Panjang unguiculata
(L.,) Walp.
Cekur Kaempferia Zingiberac ●
galangal L. eae
Jagung Zea mays L. Poaceae ●
Hanjeli Coix Poaceae ●
lacrima-jobi
L.
Koneng Curcuma Zingiberac ●
siang longa L. eae

TABLE 3. Food Plants on Leuweung Lemburˈs Landscape

Local Name Accepted Family Staple Food Alternative Additional Additional Additional
of Plant Name of Sources Staple Food Food Food Sources Food
Species Source Sources (Vegetable) Sources
(Fruit) (Flavour)

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Kiseureuh Polyalthia Annonace ●
rumphii ae
(Blume ex
Hensch.)
Merr.
Kelapa Cocos Arecaceae ●
nucifera L.
Paku kapal Tectaria sp. Aspidiacea ●
e
Kadu/Duren Durio Malvaceae ●
zibethinus
Koneng Curcuma Zingiberac ●
siang longa L. eae
Lempuyang Zingiber Zingiberac ●
zerumbet eae
(L.,) Roscoe
ex Sm.
Harendong Melastoma Melastoma ●
candidum D. ceae
Don.
Duku Lansium Meliaceae ●
parasiticum
(Osbeck)
K.C.
Sahni&Benn
et

020004-5
 Amount

Staple Food Alternative Additional Additional Additional

Staple Food Food-Fruits Food-Vegetable Food-Flavour

FIGURE 1. Numbers of Food Plant Species Classified as a Food Source Spread on Three Landscape Unit

Utilization of Food Plants Based on Knowledge of Cibeo Community

The Cibeo community also classified the diverse food plants as staple food sources, alternative staple food
sources, additional food sources-fruit, additional food sources-vegetables and additional food sources-flavoring.
The eight food plant species found in the leuweung lembur landscape unit were classified to three food plant

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species as additional food sources-fruit, three food plant species as additional food sources-vegetable and two food
plant species as additional food sources-flavor. The 23 food plant species found in the cai landscape unit were
classified into the three food plant species of alternative staple food sources, 13 food plant species as additional food
sources-fruit, six food plant species as additional food sources-vegetable and one food plant species as additional
sources-flavor. The 12 food plant species found in the huma landscape unit were classified as one food plant species
as a staple food sources, two food plant species as alternative staple food sources, five food plant species as
additional food sources-vegetable and four food plant species as additional food sources-flavor.
From the total of 43 species of food plants known and utilized as sources of food by the Cibeo community, only
one species classified as a staple food source was found in huma, five as alternative staple food sources on cai and
huma, 16 as additional food sources-fruit, 14 as additional food sources-vegetable and seven as additional food
sources-flavor, which have been used as sources of food needs by the indigenous people of Cibeo Baduy-Dalam,
Kanekes Village, Lebak District, Banten Province (Fig. 1).

SUMMARY
From 138 plant species found on three landscape units, there were a total of 43 species of food plants known and
utilized as sources of food by the Cibeo community. The food plants spread over three landscape units (leuweung
lembur (settlements), cai (rivers) and huma (fields)), with only one species classified as a staple food source in huma,
five as alternative staple food sources on cai and huma, 16 as additional food sources-fruit, 14 as additional food
sources-vegetable and seven as additional food sources-flavor, which have been used as sources of food needs by
the indigenous people of Cibeo Baduy-Dalam, Kanekes Village, Lebak District, Banten Province.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank University Indonesia for funding this research through PITTA Grant Universitas
Indonesia with contract No: 700/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2018.

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