NAME : TLOTITSO

SURNAME : MPHOMELA

STUDENT NO : 202101291

COUSE CODE : PAC 211

TITTLE : DETERMITION OF THE

FORMULA FOR THE

COMPLEX COPPER(II)-

AMMINE ION

DUE DATE : 16 MAY 2023

INTRODUCTION

The concentration of the ammonia solution affects the process that a copper (II) ion goes through
in an ammonia water solution (ammonium hydroxide). This experiment aims to examine the
interactions between copper (II) ions and various ammonia solution concentrations.

Ammonium ions and hydroxide ions are created when ammonia is dissolved in water due to the
interaction of the ammonia molecules with the water molecules. The creation of a hazy, pale blue
precipitate is a sign that a copper (II) hydroxide, a slightly soluble compound, has formed when
the copper (II) ions combine with the hydroxide ions in one probable reaction for the copper (II)
ions.

Cu2+ + NH4OH Cu (OH)2 (s) + NH41+ is the reaction.

The production of a copper (II) ion ammonia complex, which is typically recognizable by a
distinctive deep blue color, is another potential byproduct of a reaction of the copper (II) ions,
but maybe less readily distinguished from the reactants in this system. This response is: [Cu
(NH3)4] = Cu (OH)2 + NH32+ + OH-

ABSTRACT

RESULTS

• 1mol/L of ammonia solution.

• 0.1mol/L solution of copper (II) salt.

• Volumes obtained during the experiment

Volume (ml) 1^st Titration 2^nd Titration 3^rd Titration

Initial 4.0 ml 11 ml 16.7 ml
Final 11 ml 16.7 ml 25.1 ml
Total 7ml 5.7 ml 8.4 ml
CALCULATIONS

Concentration of ammonia in water:

1mol HCL reacts with 1mol NH3.

Therefore, n(HCL)= n(NH3)

n(HCL)= (HCL) X average volume of HCL

=0.025mol/L x 7 × 10 -3

=1.75 × 10 -4 mol

Therefore, n(NH3) = 1.75 × 10-4

Concentration of NH3= n/v

= (1.75 × 10-4 mol) / (0.025 L)

=7 x 10-3 mol/L

Concentration of free ammonia in equilibrium with complex copper (II) ion:

Concentration of free ammonia = 1.75 × 10-4 mol × 25

= 4.375 × 10-3 M

Number of moles in chloroform and water:

n(NH3) in chloroform= c x v

= 7.8 x 10-3 × 80x10-3

=6.24 × 10 -4 mol

n(water)=6.24 × 10-4 mol × 25

=0.0155 mol

Amount of ammonia combined with copper ion:

0.025mol- (5.46× 10 -4mol – 0.0155 mol)

= 2.22×10 -4 mol
n (Cu 2+) = c × v

=2.22 ×10-4 × 0.025

= 5.55 × 10-4 mol

Finding x:

X = moles of ammonia / moles of Cu 2+

=2.22×10 -4 mol / 5.55 × 10-5 mol

=4
DISCUSSION

In this experiment, ammonia solution and copper (II) salt solution were mixed.

Ammonia is colorless and the copper salt has a blue color, and the color remained blue even after
they were mixed. The blue color comes from the copper (II) complex ions, such as Cu
(H2O)4(OH)2.

When an excess of ammonia is added, you get a dark-blue color. This happens when ammonia
becomes a ligand and surrounds the copper ion.

Ammonia serves as a base as well as a ligand. Hydrogen ions are taken off the

hexaaqua ion with a modest amount of ammonia in the same way they are pulled off the

hydroxide ion to give the same neutral complex.

[Cu (H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 [Cu (H2O)4] + 2NH4+

If you add too much ammonia, the precipitate dissolves.

Tetraamminediaquacopper (II) ions are formed when ammonia substitutes water as a ligand.
Only four of the six water molecules are replaced.

[Cu (H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3 [Cu (NH3)4 (H2O)2]2+ + 4H2ODuring titration, the first 20
mL of chloroform and 20 mL of water that was titrated, a color of pinkish orange was noted.

We could read from the burette the volume for each titration. The difference in volume for each
titration was 1.4.
REFERENCES

1.Massaro, Edward J., ed. (2002). Handbook of Copper Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana
Press. ISBN 978-0-89603-943-8.

2."Copper: Technology & Competitiveness (Summary) Chapter 6: Copper Production

Technology" (PDF). Office of Technology Assessment. 2005.

3.Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 12, Number 10, May 2005, pp. 1161–1208(48) Metals,
Toxicity and Oxidative Stress

4.William D. Callister (2003). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (6th ed.).
Wiley, New York. Table 6.1, p. 137. ISBN 978-0-471-73696-7.

5.J. Clark’’Chemguide.co.uk’’ (2020)