11 Congruence and Similarity

Solutions
1. ∵ △ABC  △FED
∴ ABC = FED 1M
x = 35 1A
FE = AB 1M
y=5 1A

2. ∵ △ABC  △FED
∴ BC = ED 1M
x = 11 1A
BAC = EFD 1M
=y
In △ABC,
BAC + 48 + 60 = 180
y + 48 + 60 = 180
y = 72 1A

3. ∵ △LMN ~ △PRQ
LM MN
∴ = 1M
PR RQ
x 24
=
14 16
24 14
x=
16
= 21 1A
LN MN
= 1M
PQ RQ
30 24
=
y 16
3016
=y
24
y = 20 1A

4. ∵ △DEF ~ △ZXY
∴ FDE = YZX 1M
= 80 1A
In △DEF,
FDE + 3t + 2t = 180 1M
80 + 3t + 2t = 180
5t = 100
t = 20 1A

© Oxford University Press 2015 11-7 New Century Mathematics (2nd Ed) 1B Chapter Test
5. Yes, △ABC  △FDE (SSS). 1A+1A

6. Yes, △LMN ~ △QPR (ratio of 2 sides, inc. ). 1A+1A

7. △ABC ~ △RPQ (3 sides proportional) 1A+1A

8. In order to have △DEF  △LMN, an additional information DE = LM

(or F = N) is required such that the condition for congruence ‘SSS’
(or ‘SAS’) is satisfied. 2A

9. (a) ∵ △ABC ~ △DEC

∴ BAC = EDC 1M
100  x = 52
x = 48 1A
(b) ∵ △ABC ~ △DEC
BC AC
∴ = 1M
EC DC
BE  6 10  8
=
6 8
18 6
BE + 6 =
8
BE = 13.5  6
= 7.5 1A

10. (a) ∵ △ABC  △CED

∴ CED = ABC 1M
= 125 1A

(b) ∵ △ABC  △CED

∴ AC = CD 1M
AE + CE = CD
CE = CD  AE
= (16  9) cm
= 7 cm
AB = CE 1M
= 7 cm 1A

11. (a) △ABD ~ △BDC (3 sides proportional) 1A+1A

(b) ∵ △ABD ~ △BDC
∴ ABD = BDC 1M
= 37
DBC = BAD 1M

© Oxford University Press 2015 11-8 New Century Mathematics (2nd Ed) 1B Chapter Test
 = 90
ABC = ABD + DBC
= 37 + 90
= 127 1A

12. (a) △PQR  △UTS (ASA or AAS) 1A+1A

(b) ∵ △PQR  △UTS
∴ PR = US 1M
PS + SR = SR + RU 1M
PS = RU
i.e. The lengths of PS and RU are the same. 1A

13. (a) Yes, △ABC  △ADE (ASA). 1A+1A

(b) ∵ △ABC  △ADE
∴ AB = AD 1M
AE + BE = AC + DC 1M
∵ AE = AC
∴ AB  AE = AD  AC
BE = DC
i.e. The lengths of BE and DC are the same. 1A
(c) △ABC  △ADE (ASA)
△BEF  △DCF (ASA or AAS) 1M
∴ There are two pairs of congruent triangles in the figure.
∴ The claim is agreed. 1A

14. C
The triangle in C is congruent to △ABC (AAS or ASA).
∴ The answer is C.
15. B
Let AC = x cm.
∵ △ABC ~ △XYZ
AC BC
∴ =
XZ YZ
x 16
=
25 20
16 25
x=
20
= 20
∴ AC = 20 cm

16. C

© Oxford University Press 2015 11-9 New Century Mathematics (2nd Ed) 1B Chapter Test
17. B
For I:
∵ △ABC  △FDE
∴ BAC = DFE
Let BAC = DFE = m and ABC = n as shown below.

In △ABC,
m + x + n = 180
x = 180  m  n
FGC = y
In △FGC,
m + FGC + n = 180
m + y + n = 180
y = 180  m  n
∴ x=y
i.e. I must be true.
For II:
∵ △ABC  △FDE
∴ AC = FE
i.e. II must be true.
For III:
∵ BC and DF are not the corresponding sides of the two congruent triangles ABC and FDE.
∴ The lengths of BC and DF may not be equal.
∴ There is no sufficient information to show that BF = CD.
∴ III may not be true.
∴ Only I and II must be true.

© Oxford University Press 2015 11-10 New Century Mathematics (2nd Ed) 1B Chapter Test
18. D
Let DB = x cm.
∵ △ABC ~ △ADE (AAA)
AB BC
∴ =
AD DE
12  x 15
=
12 9
15 12
12 + x =
9
x = 20  12
=8
∴ DB = 8 cm
1
Area of the shaded region = ( DE  BC)  DB
2
1
= (9  15)  8 cm2
2
= 96 cm2

19. A
There is no sufficient information to show that △PQT  △PTU.
∴ The answer is A.

© Oxford University Press 2015 11-11 New Century Mathematics (2nd Ed) 1B Chapter Test