3

Trigonometric Functions

Numerical
Q.1 Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9}. Then the number of elements in the set T = {A ⊆ S :
A ≠ ϕ and the sum of all the elements of A is not a multiple of 3} is _______________.
27th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.2 Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that arg(z1−z2) = π/4 and z1,
z2 satisfy the equation | z − 3 | = Re(z). Then the imaginary part of z1 + z2 is equal to
___________.

27th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.3 The probability distribution of random variable X is given by :

X 1 2 3 4 5
P(X) K 2K 2K 3K K

Let p = P(1 < X < 4 | X < 3). If 5p = λK, then λ equal to ___________.

27th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.4 Let S be the sum of all solutions (in radians) of the equation sin4 θ + cos4 θ - sin θ
cos θ = 0 in [0, 4π]. Then 8S/ π is equal to ____________.

27th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.5 The number of solutions of the equation

18th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.6 The number of integral values of 'k' for which the equation 3sin x + 4 cos x = k +
1 has a solution, k∈R is ___________.

26th Feb Morning Shift 2021

Q.7

26th Feb Morning Shift 2021

Numerical Answer Key

1. Ans. (80)
2. Ans. (6)
3. Ans. (30)
4. Ans. (56)
5. Ans. (1)
6. Ans. (11)
7. Ans. (1)

Numerical Explanation

Ans. 1
Ans. 2
Ans. 3
Ans. 4
Ans. 5
Ans. 6

Ans. 7
 MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

Q.1. If n is the number of solutions of the equation

1st Sep Evening Shift 2021

Q.2.
31st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.3. The distance of the point (1, −2, 3) from the plane x − y + z = 5 measured
parallel to a line, whose direction ratios are 2, 3, −6 is :

27th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.4. The value of

26th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.5. The sum of solutions of the equation

26th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.6. If sinθ + cosθ = ½, then 16(sin(2θ) + cos(4θ) + sin(6θ) is equal to :

27th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.7. The value of cot π/24 is:

25th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.8. If tan (π/9), x, tan (7π/18) are in arithmetic progression and tan (π/9), y, tan
(5π/18) are also in arithmetic progression, then |x − 2y| is equal to :

27th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.9. The sum of all values of x in [0, 2π], for which sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x + sin 4x = 0,
is equal to :

25th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.10. If 15sin4α + 10cos4α = 6, for some α∈R, then the value of

27sec6α + 8cosec6α is equal to :

18th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.11. The number of solutions of the equation x + 2tanx = π/2 in the interval [0, 2π]
is :

17th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.12.

16th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.13. The number of roots of the equation, (81)sin2x + (81)cos2x = 30 in the interval [
0, π] is equal to :
16th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.14. If 0 < x, y < π and cosx + cosy − cos(x + y) = 3/2, then sinx + cosy is equal to :

25th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.15. All possible values of θ ∈ [0, 2π] for which sin 2θ + tan 2θ > 0 lie in :

25th Feb Morning Slot 2021

Q.16.

24th Feb Morning Slot 2021

MCQ Answer Key

1. Ans. (A)
2. Ans. (B)
3. Ans. (D)
4. Ans. (C)
5. Ans. (A)
6. Ans. (C)
7. Ans. (B)
8. Ans. (C)
9. Ans. (D)
10. Ans. (C)
11. Ans. (B)
12. Ans. (C)
13. Ans. (C)
14. Ans. (A)
15. Ans. (D)
16. Ans. (D)
MCQ Explanation
Ans 1.

Ans 2.
Ans 3.
Ans 4.

Ans 5.
Ans 6.
Ans 7.
Ans 8.

Ans 9.
Ans 10.

Ans 11.
Ans 12.
Ans 13.
Ans 14.
Ans 15.
Ans 16.
 3

tan A cot A
Circular System, Trigonometric 4. The expression +
Ratios, Domain and Range of 1 - cot A 1 - tan A
TOPIC Ć Trigonometric Functions,
Trigonometric Ratios of Allied can be written as : [2013]
Angles (a) sinA cosA + 1 (b) secA cosecA + 1
(c) tanA + cotA (d) secA + cosecA
5. The value of cos 255 + sin 195 is[Online May 26, 2012]
æp pö
1. For any q Î ç , ÷ the expression
è4 2ø 3 -1 3 -1
(a) (b)
2 2 2
3(sinq – cosq)4 + 6(sinq + cosq)2 + 4sin6q equals:
æ 3 -1ö 3 +1
[Jan. 9, 2019 (I)] (c) - çç ÷÷ (d)
(a) 13 – 4cos2q + 6sin2qcos2q è 2 ø 2
(b) 13 – 4cos6q 6. Let f(x) = sin x, g(x) = x.
(c) 13 – 4cos2q + 6cos4q Statement 1: f ( x ) £ g ( x ) for x in ( 0, ¥ )
(d) 13 – 4cos4q + 2sin2qcos2q Statement 2: f(x) £ 1 for x in (0, ¥) but g(x) ® ¥ as x ® ¥.

( )
1 [Online May 7, 2012]
2. Let f k ( x ) = sin k x + cos k x where x Î R and k ³ 1. (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
k
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
Then f 4 ( x ) - f 6 ( x ) equals [2014]
a correct explanation for Statement 1.
1 1 (c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
(a) (b) not a correct explanation for Statement 1.
4 12
(d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
1 1
(c) (d) 7. A triangular park is enclosed on two sides by a fence
6 3
and on the third side by a straight river bank. The two
æ pö sides having fence are of same length x. The maximum
3. If 2cos q + sin q = 1 ç q ¹ ÷ ,
è 2ø area enclosed by the park is [2006]
then 7 cos q + 6 sin q is equal to:[Online April 11, 2014]
x3
1 (a) 3 x 2 (b)
(a) (b) 2 2 8
2

(c)
11
(d)
46 (c) 1 x 2 (d) px 2
2 5 2
Trigonometric Functions M-11

13. The value of [April 9, 2019 (II)]

Trigonometric Identities,
Conditional Trigonometric cos210 – cos10 cos50 + cos250 is :
TOPIC n Identities, Greatest and Least 3
Value of Trigonometric Expressions (a) + cos20 (b) 3/4
4
3
3æ pö æ 3p ö 3æ pö æ 3p ö (c) (1 + cos20 ) (d) 3/2
8. The value of cos ç ÷ .cos ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ .sin ç ÷ is 2
è8ø è 8 ø è8ø è 8 ø
14. Two poles standing on a horiontal ground are of heights
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
5m and 10m respectively. The line oining their tops makes
1 1 an angle of 15 with the ground. Then the distance (in m)
(a) (b)
2 2 2 between the poles, is: [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
1 1 (a) 5(2 + 3) (b) 5( 3 + 1)
(c) (d)
2 4
5
(c) (2 + 3) (d) 10( 3 - 1)
2 sin a 1 1 - cos 2b 1 2
9. If = and = ,
1 + cos 2a 7 2 10 15. The value of sin 10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70 is:
æ pö [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
a , b Îç 0, ÷ , then tan (a + 2b) is equal to _____.
è 2ø 1 1
(a) (b)
[Jan. 8, 2020 (II)] 16 32
1 1
æ pö æpö (c) (d)
10. If L = sin 2 ç ÷ - sin 2 ç ÷ and 18 36
è 16 ø è8ø
3 5 p
16. If cos (a + b) = , sin(a – b) = and 0 < a, b < , then
æ pö æ pö 5 13 4
M = cos ç ÷ - sin 2 ç ÷ , then : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
2
è 16 ø è 8ø tan(2a) is equal to : [ April 8, 2019 (I)]
63 63
1 1 p 1 1 p (a) (b)
(a) L = - + cos (b) L = - cos 52 16
2 2 2 8 4 2 4 8
21 33
1 1 p 1 1 p (c) (d)
(c) M = + cos (d) M = + cos 16 52
4 2 4 8 2 2 2 8
17. If sin 4a + 4 cos4b + 2 = 4 2 sin a cos b ; a, bÎ[0, p], then
11. The set of all possible values of q in the interval (0, p) for cos(a + b) – cos(a – b) is equal to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
which the points (1, 2) and (sin q, cos q) lie on the same (a) 0 (b) – 1
side of the line x + y = 1 is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] (c) 2 (d) – 2

æ pö
(a) ç 0, ÷
æ p 3p ö
(b) ç , ÷
1
k
( )
18. Let f k ( x ) = sin x + cos x for k = 1, 2, 3, ... Then for
k k

è 2ø è4 4 ø
all x Î R, the value of f 4 ( x ) – f 6 ( x ) is equal to :
æ 3p ö æ pö [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(c) ç 0, ÷ (d) ç 0, ÷ 1 1
è 4 ø è 4ø (a) (b)
12 4
12. The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical tower standing
–1 5
on a horiontal plane is observed to be 45o from a point A (c) (d)
12 12
on the plane. Let B be the point 30 m vertically above the 19. The value of [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
point A. If the angle of elevation of the top of the tower p p p p
cos 2 × cos 3 × .... × cos 10 × sin 10
from B be 30o, then the distance (in m) of the foot of the 2 2 2 2
tower from the point A is: [April 12, 2019 (II)] 1 1
(a) (b)
(a) 15(3 + 3) (b) 15(5 - 3) 512 1024
1 1
(c) 15(3 - 3) (d) 15(1 + 3) (c) (d)
256 2
M-12 Mathematics

20. If 5(tan2x – cos2x) = 2cos 2x + 9, then the value of cos 4x is 26. Let A and B denote the statements
: A : cos a + cos b + cos g = 0
[2017] B : sin a + sin b + sin g = 0
7 3
(a) - (b) - 3
9 5 If cos (b – g) + cos (g – a) + cos (a – b) = - , then :[2009]
2
1 2
(c) (d) (a) A is false and B is true
3 9
21. If m and M are the minimum and the maximum values of (b) both A and B are true
1 (c) both A and B are false
4 + sin 2 2x - 2 cos 4 x, x Î R, then M – m is equal to : (d) A is true and B is false
2
[Online April 9, 2016] 27. If p and q are positive real numbers such that p2 + q2 = 1,
then the maximum value of (p + q) is [2007]
9 15
(a) (b)
4 4 1 1
(a) (b)
7 1 2 2
(c) (d)
4 4
(c) 2 (d) 2.
3 1
22. If cos a + cos b = and sin a + sinb and q is the 1
2 2 28. If 0 < x < p and cos x + sin x = , then tan x is[2006]
the arithmetic mean of a and b , then sin 2q + cos 2q 2
is equal to : [Online April 11, 2015]
3 7 (a) (1 - 7 ) (b) (4 - 7 )
(a) (b) 4 3
5 5
4 8 (4 + 7 ) (1 + 7 )
(c) (d) (c) – (d)
5 5 3 4

p+q æp qö 29. If u = a 2 cos 2 q + b 2 sin 2 q + a 2 sin 2 q + b 2 cos 2 q

23. If cosec q = ( p ¹ q ¹ 0) , then cot ç + ÷ is
è 4 2ø then the difference between the maximum and minimum
p-q
values of u2 is given by [2004]
equal to: [Online April 9, 2014]
(a) (a - b)2 (b) 2 a 2 + b2
p q (c) (a + b)2 (d) 2(a 2 + b2 )
(a) (b)
q p
30. Let a, b be such that p < a - b < 3p .

(c) (d) pq 21 27
pq If sin a + sin b = - and cos a + cos b = - , then the
65 65
24. If A = sin2 x + cos4x, then for all real x : [2011]
a -b
13 value of cos [2004]
(a) £ A £1 (b) 1 £ A £ 2 2
16
-6 3
(a) (b)
3 13 3 65 130
(c) £ A£ (d) £ A £1
4 16 4 6 3
(c) (d) -
4 5 65 130
Let cos (α + β) = and sin (a - b) = ,
( )
25.
5 13
31. The function f ( x) = log x + x 2 + 1 , is [2003]
π
where 0 £ α, β £ . Then tan 2a = [2010] (a) neither an even nor an odd function
4
(b) an even function
56 19 (c) an odd function
(a) (b) (d) a periodic function.
33 12
32. The period of sin 2 q is [2002]
20 25 (a) p 2 (b) p
(c) (d)
7 16 (c) 2 p (d) p /2
Trigonometric Functions M-13

33. Which one is not periodic? [2002] 39. Let S = {qÎ[–2 p, 2p] : 2 cos2q + 3 sinq = 0}.
(a) | sin3x | +sin 2x (b) cos x + cos2x Then the sum of the elements of S is: [April 9, 2019 (I)]
(c) cos 4x + tan2x (d) cos2x + sinx
13p
(a) (b) 5p
Solutions of Trigonometric 6 3
TOPIC Đ Equations
(c) 2p (d) p
34. If the equation cos q + sin q + l = 0 has real solutions
4 4

for q, then l lies in the interval : p

[Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] 40. If 0 £ x < , then the number of values of x for which
2
æ 5 ö é 1ù
(a) ç - , - 1÷ (b) ê -1, - ú sin x – sin 2x + sin 3x = 0, is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
è 4 ø ë 2û
(a) 3 (b) 1
æ 1 1ù é 3 5ù
(c) ç - , - ú (d) ê - , - ú (c) 4 (d) 2
è 2 4û ë 2 4û 41. The number of solutions of sin 3x = cos 2x, in the interval
35. The number of distinct solutions of the equation, æp ö
ç 2 , p ÷ is [Online April 15, 2018]
log1/2|sin x| = 2 – log1/2|cos x| in the interval [0, 2p], is _____. è ø
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (a) 3 (b) 4
36. The number of solutions of the equation (c) 2 (d) 1
42. If sum of all th e solution s of th e equation
é 5p 5p ù
1 + sin 4x = cos2 3x, x Î ê - , ú is : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
ë 2 2û æ æp ö æp ö 1ö
8cos x × ç cos ç + x ÷ × cos ç - x ÷ - ÷ - 1 in [0, p] is kp,
(a) 3 (b) 5 è è6 ø è6 ø 2ø
(c) 7 (d) 4 then k is equal to : [2018]
37. Let S be the set of all a Î R such that the equation, cos 2x 13 8
+ a sin x = 2a –7 has a solution. Then S is equal to : (a) (b)
9 9
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
20 2
(a) R (b) [1, 4] (c) (d)
9 3
(c) [3,7] (d) [2, 6]
43. If 0 £ x < 2p , then the number of real values of x, which
38. If [x] denotes the greatest integer < x, then the system of
satisfy the equation
linear equations
cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0 is: [2016]
[sin q] x + [–cos q] y = 0 (a) 7 (b) 9
[cot q] x + y = 0 [April 12, 2019 (II)] (c) 3 (d) 5
p 2p ö 44. The number of x Î [0, 2p] for which
(a) have infinitely many solutions if qÎ æç , ÷ and
è2 3 ø
2 sin 4 x + 18cos 2 x - 2 cos 4 x + 18sin 2 x = 1 is
æ 7p ö
has a unique solution if qÎ ç p, ÷. [Online April 9, 2016]
è 6 ø
(a) 2 (b) 6
p 2p ö æ 7 p ö
(b) has a unique solution if q Î æç ,
(c) 4 (d) 8
÷ È ç p, ÷. The number of values of a in [0, 2p] for which
è2 3 ø è 6 ø 45.
2sin3a – 7 sin2 a + 7 sin a = 2, is: [Online April 9, 2014]
æ p 2p ö (a) 6 (b) 4
(c) has a unique solution if qÎ ç , ÷ and have
è2 3 ø (c) 3 (d) 1
46. Let A = {q : sin(q) = tan(q)} and B = {q : cos(q) = 1} be two
æ 7p ö
infinitely many solutions if qÎ ç p, ÷. sets. Then : [Online April 25, 2013]
è 6 ø (a) A = B
(d) have infinitely many solutions if (b) A Ë B
æ p 2p ö æ 7 p ö (c) B Ë A
qÎ ç , ÷ È ç p, ÷
è2 3 ø è 6 ø (d) A Ì B and B - A ¹ f
M-14 Mathematics

The possible values of q Î( 0, p) such that

47. The number of solutions of the equation
50.
sin 2x – 2 cos x + 4 sin x = 4 in the interval [0, 5p] is :
[Online April 23, 2013] sin ( q) + sin ( 4q) + sin ( 7q) = 0 are [2011RS]
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 4 (d) 6 π 5π π 2π 3π 8π
(a) , , , , ,
48. Statement-1: The number of common solutions of the 4 12 2 3 4 9
trigonometric equations 2 sin 2 q – cos 2q = 0 and
2 cos2 q – 3 sin q = 0 in the interval [0, 2p] is two. 2p p p 2p 3p 35p
(b) , , , , ,
Statement-2: The number of solutions of the equation, 2 9 4 2 3 4 36
cos2 q – 3 sin q = 0 in the interval [0, p] is two.
2p p p 2 p 3p 8p
[Online April 22, 2013] (c) , , , , ,
9 4 2 3 4 9
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is a correct explanation for statement-1. 2π π 4π π 3π 8π
(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 (d) , , , , ,
9 4 9 2 4 9
is not a correct explanation for statement-1.
51. The number of values of x in the interval [0, 3p] satisfying
(c) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
(d) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false. the equation 2sin 2 x + 5 sin x - 3 = 0 is [2006]
49. The equation esinx – e–sinx – 4 = 0 has : [2012] (a) 4 (b) 6
(a) infinite number of real roots (c) 1 (d) 2
(b) no real roots 52. The number of solution of tan x + sec x = 2cos x in [0, 2 p )
(c) exactly one real root is [2002]
(a) 2 (b) 3
(d) exactly four real roots
(c) 0 (d) 1
Trigonometric Functions M-15

1. (b) 3(sin q – cos q)4 + 6(sin q + cos q)2 + 4sin6 q 2

æ 4ö
Now, sin2q + cos2q = 1 Þ sin q + ç ÷ = 1
2
= 3(1 – 2sin q cos q)2 + 6(1 + 2sin q cos q) + 4sin6 q è 5ø
= 3(1 + 4sin2 q cos2 q – 4sin q cos q) + 6
4 2 16 9
–12sin q cos q + 4sin6 q sin2q + = 1 Þ sin q = 1 - =
5 25 25
= 9 + 12sin q cos q+ 4 sin q
2 2 6
3
sin q = ± ...(2)
= 9 + 12cos2 q(1– cos2q) + 4(1 – cos2 q)3 5
= 9 + 12cos2q – 12cos4 q + 4(1 – cos6 q – 3cos2 q + 3cos4 q) æ 3ö æ 3ö
= 9 + 4 – 4cos6 q Taking çè sin q = + ÷ø because çè sin q = - ÷ø cannot
5 5
= 13 – 4cos6 q satisfy the given equation.
1 Therefore; 7 cosq + 6 sinq
2. (b) Let f k ( x) = (sin k x + cosk x )
k 4 3 28 18 46
= 7´ +6´ = + =
1 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
Consider f 4 ( x) - f 6 ( x) = (sin x + cos x) 4. (b) Given expression can be written as
4
1
- (sin 6 x + cos6 x) sin A
´
sin A
+
cos A
´
cos A
6 cos A sin A - cos A sin A cos A - sin A
1 1
= [1 - 2sin x cos x] - [1 - 3sin x cos 2 x]
2 2 2
4 6 æ sin A ö
Q tan A = and
ç cos A ÷
=
1 1 1
- = ç ÷
ç cos A ÷
4 6 12 cot A =
è sin A ø
3. (d) Given 2 cos q + sin q = 1
Squaring both sides, we get
1 ìï sin 3 A - cos3 A üï
(2 cos q + sin q)2 = 12
= í ý
sin A - cos A îï cos A sin A þï
Þ 4 cos 2 q + sin 2 q + 4sin q cos q = 1
Q a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a 2 + ab + b 2 )
Þ 3cos2 q + (cos 2 q + sin 2 q) + 4sin q cos q = 1
Þ 3cos2 q + 1 + 4sin q cos q = 1 sin 2 A + sin A cos A + cos 2 A
=
Þ 3 cos 2 q + 4 sin q cos q = 0 sin A cos A
Þ cos q(3cos q + 4sin q) = 0 = 1 + sec A cosec A
5. (c) Consider cos 255 + sin 195
Þ 3 cos q + 4 sin q = 0 Þ 3cos q = -4 sin q
= cos (270 – 15 ) + sin (180 + 15 )
-3 -3 = – sin 15 – sin 15
Þ = tan q = sec 2 q - 1 =
4 4 æ 3 -1 ö æ 3 -1 ö
= – 2 sin 15 = -2 çç ÷÷ = - çç
( )
÷÷
Q tan q = sec 2 q - 1 è 2 2 ø è 2 ø
6. (c) Let f(x) = sin x and g(x) = x
æ -3ö 9
2
Statement-1: f ( x) £ g ( x) "x Î( 0, ¥)
Þ sec q - 1 = ç ÷ =
2
è 4ø 16 i.e., sin x £ x"x Î ( 0, ¥ )
9 25 5 which is true
Þ sec2q = +1 = Þ sec q =
16 16 4 Statement-2: f ( x) £ 1 " x Î( 0, ¥)

or cos q =
4
...(1) i.e., sin x £ 1 " x Î( 0, ¥)
5 It is true and
g(x) = x ® ¥ as x ® ¥ also true.
M-16 Mathematics

1 2
x sin q
p p 1
(d) L + M = 1 - 2sin = cos =
2
7. (c) Area = 10. ...(i)
2 8 4 2
q x p
x and L – M = - cos ...(ii)
8
From equations (i) and (ii),
p
Maximum value of sinq is 1 at q = 1æ 1 pö 1 1 p
2 L= ç - cos ÷ = - cos and
2è 2 8ø 2 2 2 8
1 2
Amax = x
2 1æ 1 pö 1 1 p
M = ç + cos ÷ = + cos
pé p pù 2è 2 8ø 2 2 2 8
8. (b) cos ê4cos3 - 3cos ú
3
8ë 8 8û
11. (a) Let f ( x, y ) = x + y - 1
pé p pù
+ sin ê3sin - 4sin 3 ú
3
Given (1, 2) and (sin q, cos q) are lies on same side.
8ë 8 8û
p p p p \ f (1, 2) × f (sin q, cos q) > 0
= 4cos6 - 4sin 6 - 3cos 4 + 3sin 4
8 8 8 8 Þ 2[sin q + cos q - 1] > 0
éæ p p öù
= 4 êç cos 2 - sin 2 ÷ ú æ pö 1
ëè 8 8 øû Þ sin q + cos q > 1 Þ sin ç q + ÷ >
è 4ø 2
éæ 4 p 4p 2p 2 p öù
êç sin 8 + cos 8 + sin 8 cos 8 ÷ ú p æ p 3p ö æ pö
ëè øû Þ q+ Î ç , ÷ Þ q Î ç 0, ÷
4 è4 4ø è 2ø
éæ p p öæ p p öù
-3 êç cos2 - sin 2 ÷ç cos 2 + sin 2 ÷ ú 12. (a) Let the height of the tower be h and distance of the
ëè 8 8 øè 8 8 øû
foot of the tower from the point A is d.
pé æ p pö ù By the diagram,
= cos ê 4 ç1 - sin 2 cos 2 ÷ - 3ú
4ë è 8 8ø û
Q
1 é 1ù 1
= 1- =
2 êë 2 úû 2 2

2 sin a 1 1 - cos 2 b 1
9. (1) = and = 30°
2 cos a 7 2 10 B h

2 sin b 1
Þ = 30 m
2 10
45°
1 1
\ tan a = and sin b = A d P
7 10
1 h
tan b = tan 45 = =1
3 d
1 2 h=d ...(i)
2.
2 tan b 3 h - 30
\ tan 2b = = 3 =3= tan 30 =
1 - tan b 1 -
2 1 8 4 d
9 9
3(h - 30) = d ...(ii)
tan a + tan 2b
tan(a + 2b) = Put the value of h from (i) to (ii),
1 - tan a tan 2b
3d = d + 30 3
1 3 4 + 21
+
= 7 4 = 28 = 1
1 3 25 d=
30 3
3 -1
= 15 3 ( ) (
3 + 1 = 15 3 + 3 )
1- .
7 4 28
Trigonometric Functions M-17

13. (b) cos2 10 – cos10 cos50 + cos2 50 2

æ5ö 12
æ 1 + cos 20° ö æ 1 + cos100° ö 1 cos (a – b) = 1 - ç ÷ =
=ç ÷+ç ÷ - (2cos10° cos50°) è 13 ø 13
è 2 ø è 2 ø 2
5
1 1 Þ tan (a – b) =
= 1 + (cos 20° + cos100°) - [cos60° + cos 40°] 12
2 2 Now, tan 2a = tan ((a + b) + (a – b))
æ 1ö 1 4 5
= ç1 - ÷ + [cos20° + cos100° - cos 40°] +
è 4ø 2 tan(a + b) + tan(a - b) 3 12 = 63
= = 4 5 16
3 1 1 - tan(a + b).tan(a - b) 1- .
= + [2cos 60° ´ cos 40° - cos 40°] 3 12
4 2

=
3 17. (d) Q The given equation is
4
sin4 a + 4 cos4 b + 2 = 4 2 sin a × cos b, a, b Î [0, p]
Then, by A.M., G.M. ineqality;
14. (a)
A.M. ³ G.M.
5
sin 4 a + 4cos 4 b + 1 + 1 1

15º
10 4 ( )
³ sin 4 a × 4 cos 4 b × 1 ×1 4

sin4a + 4cos4b + 1 + 1 ³ 4 2 sin a× |cos b |

5 Inequality still holds when cosb < 0 but L.H.S. is positive
15º than cosb > 0, then
d L.H.S. = R.H.S
By the diagram, 1
\ sin4 a = 1 and cos4 b =
( )
4
5 5 5 3 +1
tan15 = Þd = = p p
d tan15 3 -1 Þ a= and b =
2 4
(
5 4+2 3 ) =5 2+ 3 \ cos (a + b) – cos (a – b)
=
2
( ) æp ö æp ö
= cos çè + b÷ø - cos çè - bø÷
1 2 2
15. (a) Q sin(60 + A).sin(60 – A) sinA = sin3A
4 p
\ sin10 sin50 sin70 = sin10 sin(60 – 10) = –sinb – sinb = -2sin =- 2
4
1 1 k k
sin(60 + 10) =
4
sin30 18. (a) fk(x) = (sin x + cos x )
k
1 1 1
Þ sin10 sin30 sin50 sin70 = sin230 = 4 4
f4(x) = [sin x + cos x]
4 16 4
16. (b) Q a + b and a – b both are acute angles.
1é (sin 2 x) 2 ù
= 4 ê(sin x + cos x ) -
2 2 2
2 ú
3 æ3ö 4 ë 2 û
cos (a + b) = , then sin (a + b) = 1 - ç ÷ =
5 è5ø 5
1 é (sin 2 x )2 ù
4 = 4 ê1 - ú
tan (a + b) = ë 2 û
3
5 1 6 6
And sin (a – b) = , then f6(x) = [sin x + cos x ]
13 6
1é 3 2ù
= ê(sin x + (cos x) - (sin x) ú
2 2 2
6ë 4 û
M-18 Mathematics

1é 3 2ù 17 æ 2
2
1 ö 17 9 17
= ê1 - (sin 2 x) ú - £ ç cos x - ÷ - £ -
6ë 4 û 16 è 4 ø 16 16 16
1 1 (sin 2 x )2 1 ìïæ 17 üï 1
2
Now f4(x) – f(6)(x) = - - + (sin 2 x )2 17 1ö
4 6 8 8 ³ -4 íç cos 2 x - ÷ - ý ³
4 ïî è 4 ø 16 ïþ 2
1
= 17
12
M=
p p p p 4
19. (a) A = cos .cos 3 ... cos 10 .sin 10
1
22 2 2 2 m=
2
1æ p p p pö
= çè cos 2 .cos 3 ... cos 9 sin 9 ÷ø 17 2 15
2 2 2 2 2 M–m= - =
4 4 4
1æ p pö 1 p
= ç cos 2 .sin 2 ÷ø = 9 sin 3
28 è 2 2 2 2 22. (b) Let cos a + cos b =
2
1
= a+b a -b 3
512 Þ 2 cos cos = ...(i)
20. (a) We have 2 2 2
5 tan2 x – 5 cos2 x = 2 (2 cos2 x –1 ) + 9 1
Þ 5 tan2 x – 5 cos2 x = 4 cos2 x –2 + 9 and sin a + sin b =
2
Þ 5 tan2 x = 9 cos2 x + 7
Þ 5 (sec2 x – 1) = 9 cos2 x + 7 a +b a -b 1
Þ 2sin cos = ...(ii)
Let cos2 x = t 2 2 2
5 On dividing (ii) by (i), we get
Þ - 9t - 12 = 0
t æ a + bö 1
Þ 9t2 + 12t – 5 = 0 tan ç
è 2 ÷ø = 3
Þ 9t2 + 15t – 3t – 5 = 0
Þ (3t – 1) (3t + 5) = 0 a+b
Given : q = Þ 2q = a + b
1 5 2
Þ t = as t ¹ – .
3 3 Consider sin 2q + cos 2q = sin (a + b) + cos (a + b)
æ1ö 1 2 1
cos 2x = 2 cos2 x – 1 = 2 ç ÷ – 1 = – 1-
è3ø 3 3 + 9 6 8 7
+ =
2
= =
æ 1ö 1 1 10 10 5
7 1+ 1+
cos 4x = 2 cos2 2x – 1 = 2 ç - ÷ - 1 = - 9 9
è 3 ø 9
1 p+q p-q
21. (b) 4 + sin2 2x – 2 cos4 x 23. (b) cosecq = , sin q =
2 p-q p+q
4 + 2 (1 – cos2 x) cos2 x – 2 cos4 x
2
ìï æ p - qö 2 pq
cos2 x 1 1 üï cos q = ± 1 - sin 2 q = 1 - ç ÷ =
- 4 ícos 4 x - -1 + - ý è p + qø ( p + q)
îï 2 16 16 þï
p q q
ìïæ 1ö
2
17 üï cot cot - 1 cot - 1
- 4 íç cos 2 x - ÷ - ý æ p qö 4 2 2
è cot ç + ÷ = =
îï 4ø 16 ïþ è 4 2ø p q q
cot + cot cot + 1
2
0 < cos x < 1 4 2 2

-
1 1 3
£ cos2 x - £ q q
cos - sin
4 4 4 2 2
= q q
æ 1ö
2
9 cos + sin
0 £ ç cos2 x - ÷ £ 2 2
è 4ø 16
On rationaliing denominator, we get
Trigonometric Functions M-19

Þ [sina + sin b + sin g ]2 + (cos a + cos b + cos g )2 = 0

æ q qöæ q qö
cos - sin cos + sin Þ sina + sin b + sin g = 0 and cos a + cos b + cos g = 0
ç 2 2÷ ç 2 2÷
ç q q÷ç q q÷ \ A and B both are true.
çè cos + sin ÷ø çè cos + sin ÷ø 27. (c) Given that p2 + q2 = 1
2 2 2 2
\ p = cos q and q = sin q satisfy the given equation
cos q Then p + q = cos q + sin q
=
q2 2q q q
sin + cos + 2sin cos We know that
2 2 2 2
- a 2 + b2 £ a cos q + b sin q £ a 2 + b 2
cos q 2 pq / ( p + q ) pq q
= = = = \ – 2 £ cos q + sin q £ 2
1 + sin q ( p - q) p p
1+ Hence max. value of p + q is
p+q 2
1 1
24. (d) A = sin 2 x + cos 4 x 28. (c) cos x + sin x = Þ 1 + sin 2 x =
2 4
= sin x + cos x(1 - sin x )
2 2 2
3
Þ sin 2 x = - ,
1 4
= sin x + cos x - (2 sin x.cos x) 2
2 2
4 \ p < 2x < 2p
1 2
= 1 - sin (2 x ) p
Þ <x£p ...(i)
4 2
Q –1 £ sin 2x £ 1
Þ 0 £ sin 2 (2 x) £ 1 2 tan x 3
2
=-
1 + tan x 4
1 1
Þ 0 ³ – sin 2 (2 x ) ³ - Þ 3 tan 2 x + 8 tan x + 3 = 0
4 4
-8 ± 64 - 36 -4 ± 7
Þ 1 ³ 1 - sin (2 x ) ³ 1 - 1
1 2 \ tan x = =-
4 4 6 3
Þ1 ³ A ³ 3 p
for < x < p , tan x < 0
4 2
4 3
25. (a) cos(a + b) = Þ tan(a + b) = \ tan x =
-4 - 7
5 4 3
5 5
sin(a - b) = Þ tan(a - b) = ( a 4 + b 4 ) cos 2 q sin 2 q
13 12 29. (a) u 2 = a2 + b2 + 2 … (1)
+ a 2b 2 (cos 4 q + sin 4 q)
tan 2a = tan [ (a + b) + (a - b)]
Now, (a 4 + b4 ) cos 2 q sin 2 q + a 2 b2 (cos4 q + sin 4 q )
3 5
+
tan(a + b) + tan(a - b) 56 = (a4 + b4 ) cos 2 q sin 2 q + a 2 b2 (1 - 2cos 2 q sin 2 q )
= = 4 12 =
1 - tan(a + b ) tan(a - b ) 1 - 3 . 5 33
4 12 = (a4 + b4 - 2a 2b 2 ) cos 2 q sin 2 q + a 2 b2
26. (b) Given that
sin 2 2q
3 = (a 2 - b 2 )2 . + a 2b2 …(2)
cos (b – g ) + cos ( g – a) + cos (a – b) = - 4
2
Þ 2 [cos (b – g ) + cos ( g – a) + cos (a – b)] + 3 = 0 Q 0 £ sin 2 2q £ 1
Þ 2 [cos (b – g ) + cos ( g – a) + cos (a – b)] sin 2 2q (a 2 - b 2 ) 2
+ sin2 a + cos2 a + sin2 b + cos2 b Þ 0 £ (a 2 - b 2 )2 £
4 4
+ sin2 g + cos2 a = 0
2 2 2 g
Þ [sin a + sin b + sin + 2 sin a sin b sin 2 2q
Þ a 2b2 £ (a 2 - b 2 )2 + a 2b2
+ 2 sin b sin g + 2 sin g sina ] + [cos2a + cos2 b 4
+ cos2 g + 2cosa cosb + 2 cos b cos g 1
£ (a 2 - b 2 )2 . + a 2b2 ....(3)
+ 2cos g cos a] = 0 4
[Q cos(A - B) = cosA.cosB + sinA.sinB]
M-20 Mathematics

From (1)
Þ as sin 2 2q Î[0, 1]

( a 2 + b2 )
2 2
a 2 + b 2 + 2 a 2b 2 £ u 2 £ a 2 + b 2 + é -1ù
2 Þ l Î ê -1, ú
ë 2û
(
(a + b)2 £ u 2 £ 2 a 2 + b2 ) 35. (8) log1/2 |sinx| = 2 – log1/2 |cosx|
\ Max. value – Min. value Þ log1/2 |sinx cosx| = 2
= 2(a 2 + b2 ) - (a + b 2 ) = (a - b)2 1
Þ |sinx cosx| =
4
30. (d) p < a - b < 3p
1
p a - b 3p a-b Þ sin2x = ±
Þ < < Þ cos <0 ....(1) 2
2 2 2 2
21
sin a + sin b = -
65
a+b a-b 21
Þ 2 sin cos =- ....(2)
2 2 65
27
cos a + cos b = - Hence, total number of solutions = 8.
65
36. (c) Consider equation, 1 + sin 4x = cos23x
a+b a -b 27
Þ 2 cos cos =- ....(3) L.H.S. = 1 + sin4 x and R.H.S. = cos23x
2 2 65
QL.H.S. ³ 1 and R.H.S. £ 1 Þ L.H.S. = R.H.S. = 1
Squaring and adding (2) and (3), we get
sin4x = 0, and cos23x = 1
a - b (21) 2 + (27) 2 1170 Þ sin x = 0 and (4cos2x – 3)2 cos2x = 1
4 cos 2 = =
2 (65) 2 65 ´ 65 Þ sin x = 0 and cos2x = 1 Þ x = 0, ±p, ±2p
a -b 9 a -b 3 Hence, total number of solutions is 5.
\ cos 2 = Þ cos =- [from (1)] 37. (d) Given equation is, cos 2x + a sin x = 2a – 7
2 130 2 130
1 – 2sin2x + a sin x = 2a – 7
31. (c) Given f ( x ) = log( x + x 2 + 1) 2sin2x – a sinx + (2a – 8) = 0

{ } ïì x - x + 1 ïü
2 2 a ± a 2 - 8(2a + 8)
f (- x) = log - x + x2 + 1 = log í ý Þ sin x =
4
îï x + x + 1 þï
2
a ± (a - 8) a-4
Þ sin x = Þ sin x =
= - log( x + x 2 + 1) = - f ( x ) 4 4
Þ f(x) is an odd function. [sin x = 2 (reected)]
1 - cos 2q a-4
32. (b) We know that sin 2 q = ; Q equation has solution, then Î [-1,1]
2 4
2p Þ a Î [2,6]
Since period of cos 2q = =p
2 38. (a) According to the question, there are two cases.
Hence period of sin q is also p.
2
æ p 2p ö
33. (b) we know that cos x is non periodic Case 1 : qÎ ç , ÷
è2 3 ø
\ cos x + cos 2 x can not be periodic. In this interval, [sin q] = 0, [– cos q] = 0 and [cot q] = – 1
34. (b) sin 4 q + cos 4 q = -l Then the system of equations will be ;
0 . x + 0 . y = 0 and – x + y = 0
Þ (sin 2 q + cos2 q) 2 - 2sin 2 q× cos 2 q = -l
Which have infinitely many solutions.
Þ 1 - 2sin 2 q cos 2 q = -l æ 7p ö
Case 2 : qÎ ç p, ÷
(sin 2q) 2 è 6 ø
Þl= -1
2 In this interval, [sin q] = – 1 and [– cos q] = 0,
Trigonometric Functions M-21

Then the system of equations will be ; æ1 ö

– x + 0 . y = 0 and [cot q] x + y = 0 Þ 8cos x ç - 1 + cos 2 x ÷ = 1
è4 ø
Clearly, x = 0 and y = 0 which has unique solution.
æ 3ö
39. (c) 2cos2q + 3sinq = 0 Þ 8cos x ç cos 2 x - ÷ = 1
è 4ø
(2sinq + 1) (sinq – 2) = 0
æ 4cos3 x - 3cos x ö
1 Þ 8ç ÷ =1
Þ sinq = - or sin q = 2 ® Not possibe ç 4 ÷
2 è ø
Þ 2(4 cos3 x - 3cos x) = 1
1
Þ 2cos3x = 1 Þ cos3x =
2
p
p p \ 3x = 2np ± , n Î1
- 3
6 6 2np p
Þ x= ±
3 9
p 2p p 2p p
The required sum of all solutions in [–2p , 2p] is In x Î [0, p]: x = , + , - , only
9 3 9 3 9
æ pö æ pö æ pö æ pö
= ç p + ÷ + ç 2p - ÷ + ç - ÷ + ç -p + ÷ = 2p Sum of all the solutions of the equation
è 6 ø è 6 ø è 6 ø è 6ø
æ1 2 1 2 1ö 13
40. (d) sinx – sin2x + sin3x = 0 = ç + + + - ÷p = p
è9 3 9 3 9ø 9
Þ sinx – 2 sinx.cosx + 3 sinx – 4 sin3x = 0 43. (a) cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0
Þ 2 cos 2x cos x + 2 cos 3x cos x = 0
Þ 4 sinx – 4 sin3x – 2 sinx.cosx = 0
æ 5x xö
Þ 2 sinx(1– sin2x) – sinx.cosx = 0 Þ 2cos x ç 2cos cos ÷ = 0
è 2 2ø
Þ 2 sinx.cos2x – sinx.cosx = 0
5x x
Þ sinx.cosx(2 cosx – 1) = 0 cos x = 0, cos = 0 , cos = 0
2 2
1
\ sinx = 0, cosx = 0, cosx = p 3p p 3p 7p 9p
2 x = p, , , , , ,
2 2 5 5 5 5
p é pö
\ x = 0, Q x Î ê0, ÷ø 2sin 4 x + 18cos 2 x - 2cos 4 x + 18sin 2 x = 1
3 ë 2 44. (d)
41. (d) sin 3x = cos 2x
Þ 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x = 1 – 2 sin2 x 2sin 4 x + 18cos2 x - 2 cos 4 x + 18sin 2 x = ± 1
Þ 4 sin3 x – 2 sin2 x – 3 sin x + 1 = 0
2sin 4 x + 18cos 2 x = ±1 + 2cos4 x + 18sin 2 x
-2±2 5
Þ sin x = 1, by squaring both the sides we will get 8 solutions
8
45. (c) 2 sin3a – 7sin2a + 7 sina – 2 = 0
æp ö -2+2 5 Þ 2 sin2a (sina – 1) – 5 sina (sina – 1)
In the interval ç , p ÷ , sin x =
è2 ø 8 + 2 (sina – 1) = 0
So, there is only one solution. Þ (sin a – 1) (2 sin2 a – 5 sina + 2) = 0
p
(a) Q 8cos x æç cos 2 - sin 2 x - ö÷ = 1 Þ sin a – 1 = 0 or 2 sin2 a – 5 sina + 2 = 0
1
42.
è 6 2ø
5 ± 25 - 16 5 ± 3
sin a = 1 or sin a = =
æ3 1 ö 4 4
Þ 8cos x ç - - sin 2 x ÷ = 1
è 4 2 ø p 1
a= or sin a = ,2
æ1 ö 2 2
Þ 8cos x ç - (1 - cos 2 x) ÷ = 1
è4 ø Now, sin a ¹ 2
M-22 Mathematics

1 49. (b) Given equation is esinx – e–sinx – 4 = 0

for, sin a = Put esin x = t in the given equation, we get
2
t2 – 4t – 1 = 0
p 2p
a= , 4 ± 16 + 4 4 ± 20
3 3 Þ t= =
2 2
There are three values of a between [0, 2p]
46. (b) Let A = {q : sin q = tan q} 4± 2 5
= = 2± 5
and B = {q : cos q = 1} 2

ì sin q ü Þ esin x = 2 ± 5 (Q t = esin x )

Now, A = íq : sin q = ý
î cos q þ sin x
Þ e = 2 - 5 and esin x = 2 + 5
= {q : sin q (cos q – 1) = 0}
Þ esin x = 2 - 5 < 0
= {q = 0, p, 2p, 3p,.....}
For B : cos q = 1 Þ q = p, 2p, 4p,...... and sin x = ln(2 + 5) > 1
This shows that A is not contained in B. i.e. A Ë B. but So, reected.
B Ì A. Hence, given equation has no solution.
47. (a) sin 2x – 2 cos x + 4 sin x = 4 \ The equation has no real roots.
Þ 2 sin x . cos x – 2 cos x + 4 sin x – 4 = 0 50. (d) sin 4q + 2sin 4q cos 3q = 0
Þ (sin x – 1) (cos x – 2) = 0 sin 4q (1 + 2cos 3q) = 0
Q cos x – 2 ¹ 0, \ sin x = 1 1
sin 4q = 0 or cos 3q = -
p 5p 9 p 2
\ x= , ,
2 2 2 4q = n p ; n Î I
48. (b) 2 sin2 q – cos 2q = 0 2p
Þ 2 sin2 q – (1 – 2 sin2 q) = 0 or 3q = 2np ± , n ÎI
3
Þ 2 sin2 q – 1+ 2 sin2q = 0
p p 3p 2p 8p 4 p
q= , , or q= , , [Q q, Î (0, p)]
1 4 2 4 9 9 9
Þ 4 sin2q = 1 Þ sin q = ±
2 y

p 3p 5p 7 p
\ q= , , , , q Î [0, 2 p] 1
4 4 4 4 y=
51. (a) 2
x
p 5p 7 p 11p x' O 3p
\ q= , , , y' y = sin x
6 6 6 6
Now 2 cos2 q – 3 sin q = 0 2sin 2 x + 5 sin x - 3 = 0
Þ 2 (1 – sin2 q) – 3 sin q = 0
Þ (sin x + 3)(2sin x - 1) = 0
Þ – 2 sin2 q – 3 sin q + 2 = 0
Þ – 2 sin2 q – 4 sin q + sin q + 2 = 0 Þ sin x =
1
and sin x ¹ -3
Þ 2 sin2 q – sin q + 4 sin q – 2 = 0 2
Þ sin q (2 sin q – 1) + 2 (2 sin q – 1) = 0 \ In [0, 3p] , x has 4 values.
1 52. (b) Q tan x + sec x = 2 cos x;
Þ sin q = , -2 Þ sin x + 1 = 2cos2 x
2
Þ sin x + 1 = 2(1 – sin 2 x);
But sin q = – 2, is not possible Þ 2sin2x + sin x – 1= 0;
1 p 5p Þ (2sin x – 1)(sin x + 1) = 0
\ sin q = , –2 Þ q= ,
2 6 6 1
Þ sin x = , –1.;
Hence, there are two common solution, there each of the 2
statement-1 and 2 are true but statement-2 is not a correct Þ x = 30 , 150 , 270 .
explanation for statement-1. Number of solution = 3