Unit 211 level 2

1.1 Define person-centred values

The foundation of quality, safe, and effective care is person-centric values. The health and
social care profession should embrace person-centred values in all aspects of our work.
The purpose of person-centred values is to place the individual receiving care at the heart of
the care process. Ensure that they have the ability to speak up if they are unhappy or have a
complaint if they are not satisfied. In addition, it includes tailoring each individual's care
package to meet their unique needs, wants, and preferences, while maintaining their rights
and allowing them to make their own choices.
We should keep in mind the following values when practicing care, which are respect,
choice, independence, dignity, rights, and privacy .

1.2 Explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person-centred values
A person-centred approach should be incorporated into the process of working because
when working with a person-centred approach, it has a positive impact on the overall
wellbeing of an individual. Individuals who are able to make their own choices and be as
independent as possible increase their self-esteem and self-confidence, and are more likely
to feel in control of their lives when they are able to make their own choices.
As a result of lack of control, a variety of negative consequences can be experienced such as
depression, anger, and withdrawal. In such a situation, people will not feel valued or
respected, there will be a lack of trust and best practices will not be adhered to, resulting in
poor-quality care that will be delivered to them.
It is also important to work in a way that embeds person-centred values so that our practice
is legal, ethical, falls in line with standards, such as the Code of Conduct and provides safe,
high-quality care in accordance with those standards.

1.3 Explain why risk-taking can be part of a person-centred approach

In keeping with best practices, we use a person-centred approach to ensure a safe and
effective working environment. In a person-centred approach, taking risks can be part of
being in control of one's own life, even if it's a risky choice. This can lead to a positive effect
on one's well-being. Individuals will also feel valued and respected, which will increase their
confidence and self-esteem, as well as be given the chance to learn new skills and establish
new relationships.
Individuals receiving care should be allowed to make choices and take risks as part of their
everyday lives. Individuals should always have the freedom to make their own decisions,
unless there are mitigating circumstances, for instance, a lack of mental capacity. For
example, a young adult with a learning disability who has recently moved into supported
living accommodation after living all their lives with their family, may not have had the
opportunity to make their own decisions in the past.
The role of a care worker is to provide individuals with the information that they need to
make an informed decision about taking the risk. It is possible for the care worker to explain
this information themselves, but it is important that their own beliefs and experiences do
not influence the individual's choice or contact a professional with relevant expertise, such
as a doctor who can explain the pros and cons of surgery.
Taking steps to reduce or eliminate negative impacts should be a collaborative effort
between care workers and individuals.

1.4 Explain how using an individual’s care plan contributes to working in a person-centred
way
Care plans detail a person's specific needs, preferences, and personal details, such as their
name and date of birth, in addition to their specific wishes and needs.
Working person-centred involves writing care plans in collaboration with individuals
themselves so that they have the opportunity to provide input into the care they receive.
Families and professionals, such as nurses and advocates, may also work together on an
individual's care plan, they will have expertise in specific areas of an individual's needs.
The process of working collaboratively will ensure that individuals feel valued and respected,
and that they have control over the care they receive. Additionally, this approach establishes
and maintains professional bonds of trust between caregivers and care recipients.
A care plan identifies the areas of support an individual will require, as well as the amount of
support. It will also identify areas where individuals do not need any assistance. It promotes
independence for the individual receiving assistance, enabling them to continue performing
tasks on their own.
Furthermore, it promotes the individuality and unique identity of the individuals as well as
their rights.

3.1 Explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support
Providing care or support in accordance with person-centered values requires us to gain an
individual's consent. Individuals consent to care, support or treatment when they agree to it.
The individual can only make an informed choice about receiving care or support if we have
provided them with enough information about their options. Our goal is to establish consent
in line with the person-centered values of dignity, respect, and choice.
A consent can take the following forms:
 When applying ointment to a person's foot, for example, we ask for their permission
verbally.
 When an individual signs their care plan, they indicate that they agree with its
contents.
 A spoon with food on it is implied when we move it towards a person.
According to the Mental Capacity Act 2005, consent is also a legal requirement.

3.3 Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established

It is not always possible to obtain the consent of an individual before performing a care
activity. Person-centred care includes respect, rights, and choice as principles. If an
individual refuses to give their consent, we must respect their wishes.
It is possible, however, that they do not fully understand the information we have provided,
so they could explain it again, highlighting the pros and cons. There is also the option of
leaving them and returning later to ask for consent again, or asking one of the other co-
worker to do so.
If an individual refuses consent, we should always keep a record and seek guidance from our
manager, especially if the activity is crucial to their health and wellbeing. The family or
advocate of the individual may also be consulted. When an individual's capacity to consent is
compromised, legal recourse may be required so that a decision can be made on their behalf
in their best interests.

4.1 Describe how active participation benefits an individual

This is an approach which encourages an individual to be an active participant in their own
life, care provision and relationships rather than simply being a passive receiver of care
services who receives them passively.
As a person-centred approach, it promotes the rights and independence of the individual,
recognises their abilities and potential and respects the choices they make, which is a
person-centred approach in that it values and respects the individual.
It is important to empower individuals to be able to do things for themselves for the sake of
their wellbeing as well as increasing their self-confidence and self-esteem.
By improving the quality of life and providing learning opportunities, it improves the
individual’s quality of life.  

4.2 Identify possible barriers to active participation

In order to effectively promote active participation, we need to be able to identify any
barriers that could hinder the approach and overcome them.
The following are some examples of barriers to active participation:
 An individual who has received passive care over a long period of time may be
accustomed to others making decisions on their behalf.
 Families may believe their loved ones should not do things for themselves.
 Staff training can be ineffective if cate staff are not trained on the value of person-
centred values or active participation.
 Insufficient resources, understaffed care settings, or insufficient time for care
workers.
 The health of individuals, such as learning disabilities, dementia, and mental health,
may hinder them from understanding how important active participation is.
 Physically, an individual may be unable to obtain information necessary to patriciate,
or does not understand their right to participate.es

5.3 Explain why a worker’s personal views should not influence an individual’s choices.
The decision of an individual should not be influenced by our own personal views when we
are supporting that individual.
In order to accomplish this, we need to provide factual and objective information in our
reports. We should explain the pros and cons of each of the options an individual has and
we should not allow our own political beliefs to influence this decision if we are supporting
them to decide who to vote for in a general election.
If we have the ability to influence an individual's decision-making process even
inadvertently, we can lead them to make choices in an effort to please us or avoid conflict,
and at the same time, it can lead them to make a decision that is not right for them and
make them feel they are not in control of their lives.
On the other hand, if we ensure that our own personal views are taken into account when
making decisions, we are demonstrating to an individual that they are respected, valued,
and have a voice in what they do. Additionally, it serves as a demonstration of our practice's
compliance with legislation, best practices, and industry standards as well.

5.4 Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning

them that are made by others
It is important for individuals receiving care to feel confident that they can ask questions or
challenge decisions made about them by others. In our role as care workers, we are
responsible for ensuring individuals' rights are protected.
It is possible that an individual will need assistance in this area of their lives if they do not
have the confidence or if they have a medical condition which makes it difficult for them to
communicate what they need. It is also possible that they do not question or challenge
because they do not understand that it is their right or that they do not want to upset others
by doing so.
It is through working closely and collaboratively with the individuals we support that we can
develop a bond of trust that enables them to feel that they can be honest with us and seek
support if they are unhappy. By asking clarification from others or by asking for a second
opinion, we can assist them in questioning or challenging the decisions that have been made
about them. It is sometimes possible for us to identify groups or charities that might be able
to support the individual and we can also assist the individual in making a complaint if they
wish to do so.

6.1 Explain how an individual’s identity and self-esteem are linked with well-being
In order to promote a sense of individuality in the individuals we support, it is important to
understand how a person's identity is linked to their sense of self-worth and wellbeing in
general. Each individual is unique and has their own unique identity, which is made up of
their experiences, relationships, beliefs, as well as some genetic factors that contribute to
their identity. In order to enhance one's sense of self-esteem, it is important for individuals
to be encouraged to express their own identities. An individual's self-esteem is the way in
which they see themselves and how they perceive themselves. When an individual has high
self-esteem, they tend to see themselves in a positive light, while those who have low self-
esteem tend to view themselves in a negative light. The ability to express one's own identity
without feeling judged or stifled is one of the key factors that can contribute to the
development of high self-worth and self-esteem for an individual. On the other hand, if an
individual is unable to express their identity in a meaningful way, it can decrease their self-
esteem as well. Our sense of well-being, whether it is general happiness or general
unhappiness, is a measurement of our general satisfaction with life. Being able to feel good
about oneself can have a positive impact on both our physical as well as mental health,
which is why high self-esteem can contribute to well-being. In addition to this, it also means
that an individual will be more likely to participate in social groups that may have a shared
identity, which can have a positive impact on the individual's social, cultural and spiritual
wellbeing.  
6.2 Describe attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s well-being
As care workers, we can increase the likelihood that the individuals we provide care for will
have positive outcomes by focusing on their overall well-being in our efforts to improve their
quality of life. In order to help promote wellbeing, it is essential that we understand the
attitudes and approaches that can help us do so.
All aspects of our work should be approached with a positive, can-do attitude, so that we
can achieve our goals. In addition, it is important to respect the individuals who we support
and make them feel valued in the process. In order to accomplish this, we must ensure we
treat them in a courteous manner, listen carefully to their views and opinions, and also
support them in their ability to express themselves and speak up when necessary. We
should always ensure that we have the individual's best interest at the forefront of our
practice, and that person-centred values should be the foundation of all our practices.

6.6 Explain the importance of good nutrition and hydration

In order to ensure the wellbeing of the individuals that we support, it is imperative that they
receive proper nutrition and hydration. It is important to maintain a healthy, balanced and
varied diet in order to maintain good nutrition. The body will be able to function properly if
it receives all the nutrients it needs to function well, thus allowing it to remain physically
healthy. As well as improving physical health, it can also enhance mental health and
strengthen the immune system as well.
It is important to keep hydrated to avoid dehydration, however, cordials, tea and coffee are
also important in preventing dehydration. It is also possible for some individuals to consume
other beverages such as milk or protein shakes as well. The NHS currently recommends that
you drink six to eight glasses of water per day, which equates to approximately 1,200
millilitres of water.
In order to function properly, the organs of the body need to be hydrated so that they can
function properly. As part of the care plan for some individuals, we may have to record their
food intake as well as how many drinks they have consumed throughout the day.