BSNS111 Video Presentation script

1. Climate Change Policy: In 2021, the Climate Change Commission released its draft advice on New
Zealand's path to a low-emissions future. Various businesses, such as those in the agriculture and
energy sectors, have lobbied for more lenient targets and transition timelines. These industries
argue that a more gradual approach would allow them to adapt while maintaining economic
stability. On the other hand, environmental organisations have lobbied for more ambitious goals to
address the urgency of the climate crisis.

But what exactly counts as media? For this assessment, we want to keep the scope manageable and
focused. Therefore, we kindly ask that you use the news tab on Google to source your media
content. This approach will ensure a diverse range of perspectives while preventing the analysis of
overly lengthy documents.

Suggested approach:

- Select a captivating Media Analysis topic as a group.

- Create a list of search terms related to your chosen topic to focus and optimise your w
research efforts.
- Conduct initial online research using the news tab in google, searching with your selected
terms to gather a broad range of perspectives.
- Review and analyse a variety of news items, identifying intriguing sub-topics for further
exploration.
- Refine your search with a more intentional focus, targeting aspects such as government
policy, employee rights, stakeholders, or consumer expectations.
- Keep an eye out for: Recurring buzzwords or themes; Potential biases, emotional appeals, or
ideological slants; Stakeholders' representation, and any missing stakeholder voices.
- Divide the sub-topics among group members, with each person presenting on a subtopic
using insights from 3-5 news items.
- Weave a coherent narrative throughout the presentation, ensuring each sub-topic
contributes to the overall story.
- Integrate and define relevant theories, frameworks, and concepts from the BSNS111
program to enrich your analysis.

Research:
The New Zealand government passed its zero-carbon amendment to the Climate Change Response
Act in 2019. This sets a target for all greenhouse gases except for biogenic methane.

The goal: For methane from agriculture and waste to reach net zero by 2050.

In a world first, New Zealand is set to introduce a scheme that will require farmers to pay for their
agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, including the methane belched out by cows and nitrous oxide
emitted through livestock urine.

Famers info
How farmers have reacted to the climate change policy.
On Thursday 20 October farmers in towns and cities across the country came out with
their tractors to protest. Many of the protests were organised by farming advocacy group,
Groundswell NZ. One of their local organisers described the taxation as ‘unworkable regulations’.
Federated Farmers, the industry's main lobby group, says the plan would “rip the guts out of
small-town New Zealand” and see farms replaced with trees.
Federated Farmers President Andrew Hoggard says farmers have been trying to work with the
government for more than two years on an emissions reduction plan that wouldn’t decrease
food production.
“It’s absolutely going to destroy our community. Farmers are backbone of New Zealand”. says
one protestor.
Smith, Ian. “Farmers Protest against New Zealand’s Proposed “Cow Burp Tax.”” Euronews, 20 Oct.
2022, www.euronews.com/green/2022/10/20/cow-burps-to-be-taxed-under-world-first-
proposals-by-new-zealand

The sweet deal that agriculture and dairying got from the green party minister for climate change,
James Shaw, certainly struck many as extraordinary.

Lobbyist, Matthew Hooton told the NZ Herald that “the agricultural industry-friendly announcement
was the result of extraordinarily powerful lobbying”. He says corporate lobbyists managed to assert
their clients' interests with the Greens: "New Zealand farmers are the world's best, but their
lobbyists are even better. While it's not true today's Green Party is a wholly owned subsidiary of
Fonterra, it's understandable some environmental activists are starting to think so."

Business and dairy lobbyists including Business NZ, Dairy NZ, and Federated Farmers welcomed
James Shaws first Emissions Reduction Plan, while environmentalists were furious with it.

Environmentalists were saying that the government had been catapulted to the power of
agribusiness lobbying. Environmental academic Mike Joy proclaimed Shaw's plan shows the
Government has been "captured" by big business and agriculture".

Former greens party MP’s weighed in, saddened and outraged by what their party had delivered in
the much anticipated climate change.

At the core of the observations about agribusiness supremacy is the fact Shaw's Emissions Reduction
Plan contained a $710 million handout for research to assist farmers to find ways to reduce their
methane emissions. This was the single biggest part of the plan.

Not only did critics see this as an unnecessary handout to farmers, when they could be funding their
own research, but the money largely comes out of the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), and farmers
have also been exempted from having to contribute to that fund for the moment. Hence, farmers
are getting money from a scheme that others are paying into, but they're not.

B. Edwards, (2022) Was Government Climate Emissions Reduction Plan Watered Down By Lobbying?
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/bryce-edwards-was-governments-climate-emissions-
reduction-plan-watered-down-by-lobbying/2PPXJNX77I5QWZXMCGWOABO4BE/
Container Return Scheme for Aotearoa New Zealand. (2023, March 29). Ministry for the
Environment. https://environment.govt.nz/what-government-is-doing/areas-of-work/waste/
container-return-scheme/
The Container Return Scheme (CRS) is a program aimed at decreasing litter and boosting
recycling by incentivizing individuals to return drink containers for reimbursement. This will
assist in lowering the amount of waste that ends up in landfills and will encourage a circular
economy in which resources are reused and recycled.
Under the scheme, designated collection points such as kiosks or automated machines will
accept returned drink containers, and the returner will receive a reimbursement for each
container. The containers will be collected, sorted, and recycled. The CRS will apply to
various drink containers, including plastic, glass, and aluminium cans.
The CRS is expected to be implemented throughout New Zealand in 2023 as part of the
government's broader initiative to reduce waste and establish a more sustainable, low-
emission economy.

Heron, R. L. (2016). Agri-Food Commodity Chains and Globalising Networks. In Google

Books. Routledge. https://books.google.co.nz/books?

hl=en&lr=&id=QOy_CwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA75&dq=lobbying+farming+nz&

ots=ZPSsPM6VdC&sig=X1r3m0y_E7hA9_vmTTl7ih3uyuM&redir_esc=y#v=onepa

ge&q=lobbying%20farming%20nz&f=false

Chapter 7 of the book "Environmental Politics in New Zealand: Power, Resistance, and the
Limits of Transformation" delves into the topic of farming and lobbying in New Zealand. The
chapter explains how the agricultural industry in New Zealand possesses significant political
power and has employed lobbying tactics to influence government policy. The authors argue
that this industry's lobbying attempts have resulted in policies that prioritize economic growth
over environmental protection, causing harm to the country's natural resources. The chapter
also highlights the challenge of striking a balance between the economic benefits of
agriculture and the necessity for environmentally sustainable policies.

Kelly, R. (2023, April 14). “No Farmers, no bread and butter”: Groundswell NZ launches

new campaign. Stuff. https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/131757609/no-farmers-no-

bread-and-butter-groundswell-nz-launches-new-campaign
The article reports on a campaign launched by Groundswell NZ, aimed at raising awareness
about the challenges facing the farming community in New Zealand. The campaign argues
that farmers are facing increasing pressure from regulations and environmental standards,
while being unfairly blamed for environmental problems. Environmental groups and some
politicians argue that more stringent regulations are necessary to protect the environment
and public health. The campaign includes events and protests across the country, calling for
more support from the government to help farmers transition to sustainable practices.

Young, N. (21 C.E., March). Industry lobbying influence a major brake on Government

action. Greenpeace Aotearoa.

https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/press-release/industry-lobbying-influence-a-

major-brake-on-government-action/

Greenpeace has released new research revealing the fossil fuel and plastic industry’s
influence on the New Zealand Government’s Covid-19 response and economic recovery
plans. The research, conducted by the New Zealand Climate and Health Council (NZCHC),
shows that the Government has been heavily influenced by the very industries that are
responsible for the climate crisis and plastic pollution.
The research shows that while the Government has publicly committed to a green economic
recovery, its actions tell a different story. It highlights how the Government’s Covid-19
response and economic recovery plans have been heavily influenced by industry lobbying,
which has led to major delays and missed opportunities to take decisive action on the
climate crisis and plastic pollution.

Smith, I. (2022, October 20). Farmers protest against New Zealand’s proposed “cow burp

tax.” Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/10/20/cow-burps-to-be-

taxed-under-world-first-proposals-by-new-zealand

New Zealand has put forward a pioneering proposal to impose taxes on cow burps as part of

its efforts to decrease greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. The proposal aims

to have farmers pay a tax on the amount of methane their livestock produces and is

part of the country's broader efforts to meet its climate targets. Cow burps and

flatulence are a significant contributor to methane emissions, which are a potent

 greenhouse gas. The proposal has sparked mixed reactions, with some farmers and

industry groups opposed to the tax, while environmentalists and climate advocates see

it as a critical step towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Espiner, G. (2023, March 25). Lobbyists in New Zealand enjoy freedoms unlike most other

nations in the developed world. RNZ.

https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/lobbying/486670/lobbyists-in-new-zealand-enjoy-

freedoms-unlike-most-other-nations-in-the-developed-world

The article sheds light on the lobbying landscape in New Zealand, highlighting the notable
disparities between the country and other developed nations in terms of lobbying regulations.
Unlike many countries where lobbying is subject to rigorous oversight, New Zealand has
taken a relatively relaxed approach. The absence of mandatory registration or disclosure
requirements for lobbyists in the country allows them a significant degree of freedom and
flexibility in their activities. While some argue that this approach promotes an open and
collaborative environment between lobbyists and decision-makers, critics express concerns
about the potential lack of transparency and accountability, as it becomes difficult to track the
influence of lobbyists on government decisions. The voluntary lobbyist register in New
Zealand, although available, is not widely utilized or recognized, further exacerbating the
transparency challenge.
The debate surrounding lobbying regulations in New Zealand has intensified as stakeholders
express divergent views. Supporters of the current system argue that it enables lobbyists to
effectively advocate for their clients' interests and contribute to the policy-making process.
They emphasize that excessive regulations could hinder the flow of valuable information
between lobbyists and policymakers. On the other hand, transparency advocates and critics
argue that the absence of robust regulations and mandatory disclosure requirements leaves
room for potential conflicts of interest and undue influence. They call for stronger lobbying
regulations to ensure transparency, accountability, and to safeguard the integrity of the
decision-making process. As the discussion continues, policymakers face the challenge of
striking a balance between maintaining an open environment for lobbying while addressing
concerns about transparency and potential impropriety.
Ministry for the Environment. (2021, June 17). About New Zealand’s climate change

programme. Ministry for the Environment. https://environment.govt.nz/what-

government-is-doing/areas-of-work/climate-change/about-new-zealands-climate-

change-programme/

freshly Zealand has been actively addressing climate change and has bound up to reducing
greenhouse bluster emissions. The country's climate change program focuses on some key
areas:

Emissions simplification targets: New Zealand has set targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
As of my last noise update, the country had a target to achieve net-zero emissions of all greenhouse
gasses, omit biogenic methane from agriculture, by 2050. They also had a point to tighten life
methane emissions by 24-47% by 2050.

Emissions trading scheme: New Sjaelland operates an Emissions Trading connive (ETS) to put a price
on greenhouse gas emissions and provide incentives for businesses to tighten their emissions. The
ETS covers sectors such as energy, industry, waste, and forestry.
Renewable vim and energy efficiency: New Zealand has been investing in renewable vim
sources wish wind, hydro, and energy power. The country has also been promoting vim
efficiency measures to reduce energy using up and emissions.

Agriculture and land use: Agriculture is a significant undefined to New Zealand's glasshouse

gas emissions. The politician has been working on initiatives to reduce cultivation

emissions, including research into new technologies and practices. The country also has a

program called the One Billion Trees Programme to increase forest cover, which can help

take over carbon dioxide.

Adaptation and resilience: New Zealand recognizes the importance of adapting to the

impacts of mood change. The politician has been working on strategies and programs to

build resilience in sectors care infrastructure, agriculture, and shore management.

It's important to note that the information I provided is based on general knowledge up until

Sep 2021, and the details of the whitethorn have changed since then. I recommend visiting

the website you provided or checking for more recent updates from the recent Zealand
government to get the most accurate and up-to-date information on their climate change

program.

Beehive GOVT . (n.d.). Public sector to be carbon neutral by 2025. The Beehive.

https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/public-sector-be-carbon-neutral-2025

Oi cunt

The press release you linked to likely pertains to the New Zealand government's

commitment to making the public sector carbon neutral by 2025. The term "carbon neutral"

typically means achieving a balance between the amount of greenhouse gas emissions

produced and the amount removed or offset from the atmosphere.

By aiming to make the public sector carbon neutral, the New Zealand government is taking

steps to reduce its own greenhouse gas emissions and lead by example in the fight against

climate change. This commitment demonstrates a focus on sustainability and a transition to

a low-carbon economy.

To achieve carbon neutrality, the government may employ various strategies, such as

improving energy efficiency in government buildings, transitioning to renewable energy

sources, reducing emissions from transportation, and exploring carbon offsetting options.

It's important to note that the information I provided is based on general knowledge up

until September 2021, and the details may have changed since then. I recommend visiting

the Beehive website or checking for more recent updates from the New Zealand
government for the most accurate and up-to-date information on their commitment to

making the public sector carbon neutral by 2025.

2022

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/bryce-edwards-was-governments-climate-emissions-
reduction-plan-watered-down-by-lobbying/2PPXJNX77I5QWZXMCGWOABO4BE/

Climate activists info

There are just 5 million people in the country, but some 10 million beef and dairy cattle and 26
million sheep.
Farm animals produce gases that warm the planet, particularly methane from cattle burps and
nitrous oxide from their urine.
The government has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make the country carbon
neutral by 2050. Part of that plan includes a pledge to reduce methane emissions from farm
animals by 10 per cent by 2030 and by up to 47 per cent by 2050.
The new farm emissions pricing system proposals were put forward by He Waka Eke Noa, a
partnership between the government, the primary sector, and iwi/Māori. The initiative aims to
“equip farmers and growers to measure, manage, and reduce on-farm agricultural greenhouse
gas emissions and adapt to climate change."
What do environmental activists think of New Zealand’s ‘farm levy’?
While farmers have decried the new proposals, some environmental activists argue that they do
not go far enough.

Greenpeace lead climate campaigner Christine Rose says the Government’s proposals would
favour the agriculture sector’s worst climate polluter - intensive dairy - and disadvantage less-
polluting extensive beef and sheep farming and Māori-owned farms.

Smith, Ian. “Farmers Protest against New Zealand’s Proposed “Cow Burp Tax.”” Euronews, 20 Oct.
2022, www.euronews.com/green/2022/10/20/cow-burps-to-be-taxed-under-world-first-
proposals-by-new-zealand
The harm done by dairy production is far reaching. Not only is the industry our worst
climate polluter and cause of river degradation, but it is rendering groundwater
drinking supplies – which 40% of New Zealanders rely on – undrinkable.”
https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/press-release/new-research-finds-dairy-industry-making-
canterbury-water-undrinkable/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20harm%20done%20by
%20dairy,Zealanders%20rely%20on%20%E2%80%93%20undrinkable.%E2%80%9D

Climate activists march nationwide, demand urgent action. (n.d.). NZ Herald. Retrieved May 8, 2023,
from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/flooded-with-people-instead-of-water-climate-
activists-plan-nationwide-marches-demand-urgent-action/
PRGW6E5KQRBVHIZHWZ35TD65JQ/#:~:text=Those%20attending%20include%20Mike
%20Smith

(Climate Activists March Nationwide, Demand Urgent Action, n.d.)

The article reports on climate activists organizing nationwide marches to demand immediate action
on climate change. The marches aim to raise awareness about the pressing need for urgent
measures to address the climate crisis. The article highlights the participation of prominent figures
such as Mike Smith and discusses the motivation behind the marches. It emphasizes the activists' call
for stronger government action, emphasizing the potential devastating consequences of inaction.
The article serves as a news piece, providing information about the planned marches and the
activists' demand for urgent climate action.

Climate activists call on Government to accept emissions pricing advice. (n.d.). Newshub. Retrieved
May 8, 2023, from https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2023/04/climate-activists-call-on-
government-to-accept-emissions-pricing-advice.html

(“Climate Activists Call on Government to Accept Emissions Pricing Advice,” n.d.)

The article discusses how climate activists are urging the government to adopt the recommendations
on emissions pricing put forth by experts. These activists argue that implementing effective
emissions pricing measures is crucial for combating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. They emphasize the need for the government to take decisive action and prioritize the
adoption of these recommendations to address the pressing issue of climate change. The article
highlights the ongoing efforts of climate activists in pushing for policy changes that align with
scientific advice and promote sustainable practices in New Zealand.

‌ rotesting school students calling for more action on climate change. (2023, March 3). Otago Daily
P
Times Online News. https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-christchurch/protesting-school-students-
calling-more-action-climate-change

(Protesting School Students Calling for More Action on Climate Change, 2023)

The author shares their personal motivation for participating in climate strikes and urges others to
join in. They highlight the urgent need to address climate change, emphasizing the devastating
impacts it has on the environment and future generations. The author calls for collective action,
emphasizing that everyone has a role to play in fighting climate change and demanding more
significant measures from governments and industries. The article serves as a persuasive appeal to
mobilize individuals to take part in climate strikes and contribute to the global movement for a
sustainable future.

Joy, M. (2021, June 10). Mike Joy: Why I was disappointed by the Climate Commission’s big report.
The Spinoff. https://thespinoff.co.nz/politics/10-06-2021/mike-joy-why-i-was-disappointed-
by-the-climate-commissions-big-report

‌(Joy, 2021)

In the article, Mike Joy expresses his disappointment with the Climate Commission's major report.
He discusses how he believes the report falls short in addressing the severity and urgency of the
climate crisis. Joy criticizes the report for not providing bold enough recommendations to tackle the
root causes of climate change, particularly in relation to agriculture and the impact of intensive
farming. He argues that the report lacks the necessary ambition and transformative solutions
needed to effectively address the climate emergency. The article offers a critical perspective on the
Climate Commission's report and highlights the author's concerns regarding its implications for
meaningful climate action.

COP27: New Zealand offers $20m to developing countries for climate change damage. (2022,
November 9). RNZ. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/478334/cop27-new-zealand-
offers-20m-to-developing-countries-for-climate-change-damage

‌(COP27: New Zealand Offers $20m to Developing Countries for Climate Change Damage,
2022)

The article discusses New Zealand's commitment to addressing climate change and its
offer to provide $20 million to developing countries for coping with the damages caused by
climate change. The funding is aimed at assisting countries vulnerable to climate-related
impacts such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity. New
Zealand's contribution reflects its recognition of the global nature of climate change and the
need for collective action to support those most affected by its consequences.

Climate activists march nationwide, demand urgent action. (n.d.). NZ Herald. Retrieved March
31, 2023, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/flooded-with-people-instead-of-water-
climate-activists-plan-nationwide-marches-demand-urgent-action/
PRGW6E5KQRBVHIZHWZ35TD65JQ/

‌Climate activists in New Zealand are organizing nationwide marches to demand urgent
action from the government to combat climate change. The marches will take place in
various cities across the country and are expected to draw large crowds. The activists are
calling for immediate and substantial action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition
to renewable energy, and protect vulnerable communities from the impacts of climate
change. They argue that urgent action is necessary to prevent further damage to the
environment and ensure a sustainable future for all.

Ministry for the Environment. (2020, April 7). Issue 2: Water is polluted in urban, farming, and
forestry areas. Ministry for the Environment.
https://environment.govt.nz/publications/our-freshwater-2020/issue-2-water-is-
polluted-in-urban-farming-and-forestry-areas/

The New Zealand government has released a report titled "Our Freshwater 2020" which
highlights the issue of water pollution in urban, farming, and forestry areas. The report notes that
these areas are significant sources of contaminants that are harmful to water quality and can
negatively impact the health of aquatic ecosystems. The contaminants can come from activities
such as agriculture, urban development, and forestry practices. The report emphasizes the need
for improved management practices and regulation to reduce the number of pollutants entering
waterways and protect freshwater ecosystems. It also highlights the importance of community
engagement and collaboration in addressing the issue of water pollution.

Politics
Is it time for business to push for green politics? (2023, March 21). Newsroom.
https://www.newsroom.co.nz/sustainable-future/is-it-time-for-business-to-push-
for-green-politics
(Is It Time for Business to Push for Green Politics?, 2023)

The article explores the role of businesses in advocating for green politics and addressing
environmental challenges. It suggests that in the face of insufficient government action, businesses
have the potential to drive positive change by pushing for environmentally friendly policies and
practices. The article emphasizes that businesses can benefit from taking an active role in
sustainability efforts, as consumers increasingly prioritize environmentally conscious products and
services. It also highlights the importance of collaboration between businesses and governments to
achieve comprehensive and effective solutions. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for
businesses to recognize their responsibility in promoting green politics and fostering a sustainable
future.

National’s Pugh “yet to see” evidence of man-made climate change. (n.d.). 1 News. Retrieved
May 10, 2023, from https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/02/21/nationals-pugh-yet-to-
see-evidence-of-man-made-climate-change/

(National’s Pugh “yet to See” Evidence of Man-Made Climate Change, n.d.)

a statement made by National Party MP Maureen Pugh, who expressed her skepticism
regarding the evidence of man-made climate change. Pugh stated that she had not seen
sufficient evidence to convince her of the human role in climate change and suggested that
natural factors might be the primary drivers. Her remarks sparked controversy and attracted
criticism from climate scientists and environmentalists who argue that overwhelming
scientific consensus supports the view that human activities significantly contribute to
climate change. Pugh's stance stands in contrast to the widely accepted understanding of
climate change and the urgent need for collective action to address its impacts.

“Too big for petty, partisan politics”: Can NZ’s politicians actually work together on climate change?
(n.d.). NZ Herald. Retrieved May 10, 2023, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/the-
front-page-james-shaw-on-why-climate-change-is-too-big-for-petty-partisan-politics/
2N7QAYWRHZFRVNUBM74AKZEW2A/

(“Too Big for Petty, Partisan Politics”: Can NZ’s Politicians Actually Work Together on Climate
Change?, n.d.)

The article features an interview with James Shaw, co-leader of New Zealand's Green Party,
discussing the urgency of addressing climate change and the need for bipartisan cooperation. Shaw
emphasizes that climate change is a global crisis that requires collective action and should not be
subject to partisan politics. He calls for a long-term, cross-party commitment to tackling climate
change and highlights the significance of setting ambitious goals to transition to a low-carbon
economy. Shaw also expresses his hope for increased collaboration between political parties to
effectively address the challenges posed by climate change in New Zealand.

Greens speak on their ’ “biggest frustration” - and optimism for 2023. (n.d.). NZ Herald. Retrieved
May 10, 2023, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/green-party-on-their-biggest-
frustration-around-climate-change-farm-emissions-and-the-2023-election/
BPOWL36PQBBOLMT6NUAZ4TWKSM/

‌The Green Party in New Zealand has expressed their biggest frustration around the lack of progress
on climate change, particularly with regards to farm emissions. However, they remain optimistic
about the 2023 election and the opportunity it presents for change. The Greens hope to use the
election to push for stronger climate policies, including increasing funding for renewable energy,
improving public transport, and protecting natural habitats. They also plan to prioritize addressing
inequalities and social justice issues as part of their environmental platform.

Māori Party calls on Greens co-leader to resign after climate policy cull. (n.d.). NZ Herald. Retrieved
May 10, 2023, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/maori-party-calls-on-greens-co-
leader-to-resign-after-climate-policy-cull-as-both-parties-call-out-labour-over-
environmental-issues/3AFRXS6B3VDVVG4LXVJGEOODLY/

The Māori Party has called for the resignation of the co-leader of the Green Party, James Shaw, after he
announced that the Greens would no longer pursue a policy of reducing New Zealand's greenhouse gas
emissions to zero by 2050. The Māori Party accused Shaw of betraying the party's commitment to the
environment and said that his decision showed a lack of understanding of the urgent need to address
climate change. The Greens have defended their decision, saying that they remain committed to reducing
emissions, but that they will pursue a more realistic and achievable target. Both the Māori Party and the
Greens have criticized the Labour Party for not doing enough to protect the environment and have called
for more action on issues such as water pollution and the protection of native forests.