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UNILAK
MODULE: Discrete Math.
Model Questions

a. Logic : Part 2

1. Use direct proof of p  q to show that an integer a is such that a-2 is divisible by 3, then
a 2  1 is divisible by 3

2.Translate each statement into symbols using quantifier’s variables and predicate symbols.

a) All my students are smart

b. Not all my student can respond

c. Some students are intelligent and well behaved

d. All IT devices requires an electric wire

3. Determine the formula of the sum of :a) The 1st n positive integer

b) The 1st n even integers

c) The 1st n odd integers and thereafter prove it by mathematical induction method .
Notice : Mathematical induction method must satisfy 3 steps
Step1: Basis of induction : Show that p(no) is true , generally no=1
Step2: Inductive hypothesis: Assume p(k) is true for n=k, k>=n
Step3: inductive step: p (k )  p (k  1) Show that p(k+1) is true as the basis of the
inductive hypothesis

4. Using Inductive Reasoning, identify a pattern in each list of numbers. Then use this pattern to
find the next number. Make generalizations from these observations
a) 3, 12, 21, 30, 39, _____ c)3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 18, _____
a.
b) 3, 12, 48, 192, 768, _____ d)3, 6, 18, 36, 108, 216, _____
5. Use the variable n to represent the original number and use deductive reasoning to prove
the conjecture

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Consider the following procedure:

a) Select a number.
b) Multiply the number by 6.
a.
c) Add 8 to the product.
d) Divide this sum by 2.
e) Subtract 4 from the quotient
6. The logic statements have been stated in excel sheet as follows
7. If (and( Ai  45, Bi 50, D  55, Ei  60 ),”Fail”, ”Pass”))
8. If (or( Ai  45, Bi 50, D  55, Ei  60 ,” ),”Fail”, ”Pass”))
a. Use each statement to fill the missed values in the table, where the i is the ith row.
i.

Use each statement to fill the missed values in the table, where the i is the ith row.

i Marks Decision
Mat Research Database i. ii.
h Bi Di Entr. (Ei)
(Ai)
1 35 15 65 79
2 25 50 43 70
3 30 30 57 65
4 45 70 53 60
5 45 50 73 60

9. Vectors & Matices

10. Discuss the three applications of vectors and matrices in computer science
11. The vertices of the triangle ABC are A(2,-1), B(7,5) and C(4,13)
 
a. Write down the vector AB and AC

b. Find the vector n which is perpendicular to AB

c. Find the projection of AC in the projection of n
d. d ) Find the area of ABD
12. Data is travelling in the direction of the two lines
r  3i  j  t1 (2i  j ) r  5i  12 j  t2 (i  j )
13. and . Find the point of intersection of two lines

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 1  1
2   1
14. Given two vectors v    and w    . Find the linear combination of two vectors, and the
0  10 
   
4  4 
angle  between them
 1  10 
   
15. Given two vectors v  2 and w  5 . Prove if the two vectors are independent
   
 0  15 

16. Find the distances between pairs of the following vectors

1  1  1  2 
7  7  6  12 
17. v    , w    , s    and k   
9  9  5  10 
       
2 2 2 4 

18. The network packets travel over 5 segments with constant speed on each segment.
Suppose s=(120, 150, 125, 100, 135) the speed in the segments and t=(7,6,4,10,8) the
times taken to traverse the segments. Find the total distance travelled. (Hint D=s dot t)
19. The department of IT purchased the machines at the costs that are represented by vector
a. c=(100$,150$,250$,500$,450) , and the number quantities ,or number of
machines, are represented by q(200,175,120, 60, 70). Find the total cost of
machines.
20. Given two sets A  4,5, 9,8,10,9, 12,8,7, 20 and B= 4, 25,8,13,15,7,38,52 use dot
product to find out the cardinal number of the co-occurrence elements
21. The students from CIS at Unilak year 1, 2021 conducted experiment on document
sentimental analysis .The words occurrence in the document lie in one of the three
sentimental categories :Positive, Negative and Neutral. Each category is encoded as
follows: Positive =+1, Negative=-1 and neutral =0. Given a vector o=(7,9,10) that
stands for the occurrence , and c=(+1,-1,0) that stands for the categories. Find the
measure of sentiments of the documents
22. Write the system of equation under matrix form
2 x  2 y  3z  7

a. 7 x  2 y  z  6
 6 x  3 y  2 z   5


23. The number of telephone calls from customers is recorded in databases, and is represented over
matrix structure.
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12 1 7 13 18 9 13 17  1 0 0 0

 5 7 9 10  15 33 21 30   0 0 
i. A    , B  , C  0 1
 28 12 2 1   2 18 18 29  0 0 1 0
     
 78 13 40 15  2 17 10 15  0 0 0 1
ii. Find C=A+B, D=2A-4B, O=A*B, K=A*C
iii. Find C2 , C3
24. Find the transpose of matrix
1 0 8
A   0 7 5
 2 10 6 

25. Discuss K-mean methods

26. Discuss the Mean square errors
27. Explain the clustering method