E-book is created by www.shanyoma.

org

'Dy0Hoonf
'@m&Davm
jrifhaqG

ppfMudKacwf 1939-ck? Ekd0ifbmv 13-&ufaeY n(7)em&DtcsdefwGif &efukefjrdKU

awmfcef;rü &efukefwuúodkvf ta&SUwkdif;bmom&yfrsm;qkdif&m ygarmu©jzpfaom
q&mMuD;rpöwmvk(pf)u ]]w&kwfrSwfwrf;u Ak'¨omoem0if}}taMumif;udk t*Fvdyf
vkd a[majymcJhzl;onf/
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

,if;a[majymyGJrSm ]]jrefrmw&kwf Ak'¨bmomtoif;}} pwifwnfaxmifzGifh

vSpfaom a[majymyGJjzpfí a':jrpdef(trfat? bDvpf)u cs,f,mriftjzpf aqmif
&Gufonf/

a[majymyGJudk zGifhvSpfjyD;aemuf a':jrpdefu q&mMuD;rpöwmvk(pf)ESifh<u

a&mufvmMuaom y&dowfrsm;tm; rdwfqufpum; ajymMum;cJhonf/ ,if;odkYajym
Mum;&mwGif...

]]q&mMuD;rpöwmvk(pf)onf rdrd\vufrGefrqG &mZ0ifq&mjzpf&kHrQru ta&SU

wkdif;qkdif&m &mZ0ifrsm;udk xkdxkdaom &mZ0ifokawoe&SmrDS;olrsm; rMum;od&ao;
aom tcsufaygif;rsm;pGmwkdYudk w&kwfrSwfwrf; tapmifapmifrS tyef;wMuD;&SmazG
xm;onfhtwGuf ,ckuJhodkY vma&mufa[mMum;onfukd aus;Zl;Oyum& txl;wif
&SdygaMumif;}}
ponfjzifh xnfhoGif;ajymqkdoGm;onf/

t*Fvdyfvkd a[majymojzifh y&dowfrSm cef;rjynfhvQHoGm;atmif rrsm;aomf

vnf; vma&mufolrsm;um; pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;om oefYoefYjzpfaeonfudk awGU&Sd&
onf/

þa[majymyGJü q&mMuD;rpöwmvk(pf)\a[majymvkd,if;rSm jrefrmEkdifiHt

v,fykdif;wGif ysLacwfu vif;,rf;EkdifiHawmfMuD;wck wnf&SdcJhzl;onfhtaMumif;yif
jzpfonf/ wdrfjr§KyfaysmufuG,faeaom vif;,rf;EkdifiHawmfMuD;taMumif;udk az:
xkwf&mü q&mMuD;vk(pf)onf w&kwfrSwfwrf; trsm;tjym;udk tudk;taxmufjyK
xm;&m orkdif;a&;&mtaetm;jzifh wefzkd;MuD;rm;oavmuf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&mvnf;
aumif;vSayonf/
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

'Dy0Ho ESifh r[m0Ho

jrefrmEkdifiH\EkdifiHhorkdif;udkjzpfap omoemhorkdif;udkjzpfap a&;om;ajymqkd
vQif 'Dy0Ho('Dy0if)rygvQif rjyD;EkdifaMumif;udk þü owdjyKzkdYvkdonf/ tb,fh
aMumifhqkdaomf...
1/ jrefrmEkdifiH\ EkdifiHhorkdif; omoemhorkdif;ü at'D 11-&mpkwGif ok0PÖblrd
oxkHjynfrS yd#uwftpkH 30-udk yk*Hjynfh&Sif taemf&xmbk&ifu yifhaqmifcJhonf[l
aom taMumif;udk orkdif;rS z,fxkwfcsefvSyfxm;cJhí r&aomaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
2/ ,if;odkY z,fxkwfcsefvSyfxm;í r&vQif ,if;ok0PÖblrdoxkHjynfodkY a&muf
vmaom Ak'¨omoemrSmvnf; bDpD 3-&mpku taomurif;w&m;MuD; udk;wkdif;udk;
Xme omoemjyKapvTwfpOfu aomPax&fESifhOwå&ax&f ,laqmifvmcJhaom Ak'¨
omoemawmfjzpfaMumif;jzifh 'Dy0Ho('Dy0if)ü tckdiftrm jyqkdxm;aomaMumifh
vnf;aumif; jzpfayonf/ þodkY 'Dy0Hoü jrpfzsm;cHaeaomaMumifh 'Dy0ifrygvQif
rjyD;Ekdifjcif; jzpfonf/

jiif;y,fcJhjcif;
,if;odkY 'Dy0Ho('Dy0if)rygvQif rjyD;EkdifaomaMumifhvnf; þa[majymyGJü
q&mMuD;vk(pf)onf 'Dy0Ho('Dy0if)\taMumif;udk atmufygtwkdif; xnfhoGif;ajym
qdkcJhonf/

tu,fí oD[kdVfuRef;jzpf c&pfouú&mZf 500-600-pkcefYwGif a&;onfh'Dy0if

ESifhr[m0ifrsm;udk ,kHMunftm;xm;&ygvQif taomurif;MuD;onf aomPax&f
ESifhOwå&ax&fwkdYtm; yg#vdykwfjynfwGif c&pfouú&mZf 250-ckü wwd,o*Fg,em
wifjyD;aemuf ok0PÖblrdodkY omoemjyK apvTwfonf[lí awGU&ayonf/ þodkY
a&;om;az:jyonf rSefaomfvnf; þ'Dy0ifESifhomoem0ifusrf;wkdYum; tqkdyg
acwfESifhvGefpGm a0;vsuf&Sd&kHru taomurif;MuD;\ausmufpmrsm;wGif omoemjyK
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

apvTwfcef;udk az:jyxm;aomfvnf; ok0PÖblrd[laom wkdif;jynftrnfudk az:jy

rxm;ay/ xkdrSwyg; ]]ok0PÖblrd}}qkdaom pum;vkH;rSmvnf; twdtus aocsm
aompum;vkH; r[kwfay/ raorcsm &SdvSayonf/

tdE´d,jynfESifhoD[dkVfuRef;rSjzpfaom usrf;rsm;udk jrefrmjynfrSm ,ckwdkif

atmif vufcHxm;onfrSefaomfvnf; &mZ0ifq&mrsm;tzdkY vufcH&ef taxmuft
xm; &Sm;yg;vSayonf/

txufyg q&mMuD;vk(pf)\ a[majymcsufrsm;udk jcKHíMunfhvQif...

(1) 'Dy0HoESifhtaomuacwfonf acwfjydKifr[kwfyJ Mum;ü ESpfaygif; tvGef
uGma0;íaejcif;/
(2) taomuausmufpmrsm;ü ok0Pblrd[laom trnfukd az:jyrxm;jcif;/
[laom taMumif;jycsufESpfcsufjzifh udk;wkdif;udk;Xme omoemjyKapvTwfpOfu ok0-
PÖblrdodkY Ak'¨omoema&muf&SdcJhonf[laom 'Dy0Ho('Dy0if)\tqdktrdefYudk vufr
cHyJ jiif;y,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf[k od&SdEkdifayonf/

acgif;udkufp&m jyóem
'Dy0Hoonf at'D 400-&mpku ay:xGufvmí r[m0HorSm at'D 600-&m
pku ay:xGufvmaom orkdif;usrf;rsm; jzpfonf/ taomurif;w&m;MuD;onf udk;
wkdif;udk;XmeodkY bDpD 300-&mpku omoemjyK apvTwfcJhonf/ odkYjzpf&m q&mMuD;
vk(pf) a[majymonfhtwkdif; 'Dy0HoESifhtaomuacwfonf acwfjydKifr[kwfyJ ESpf
aygif; 650-cefY uGmvSrf;vsuf&SdonfrSm rSefonf/

xkdYjyif taomuausmufpmtrSwf(2) trSwf(5)ESifhtrSwf(13)wkdYwGiftaom

urif;w&m;MuD;\omoemjyK MudK;yrf;csuft& Ak'¨omoem ysHUESHY&mwkdif;jynfEkdifiHwkdY
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

udk az:jyxm;&mü q&mMuD;vk(pf) a[majymonfhtwkdif; ok0PÖblrd[laom trnf

yg&Sdjcif;rSmvnf; rSefonf/

,if;taMumif;ESpfcsuf rSef&kHESifhyif 'Dy0Ho\pmqkdtrdefYukd vufrcHyJ jiif;qef

rnfqkdjcif;rSmum; ,aeYurÇmhorkdif; ynm&Sifrsm;? pmayynm&Sifrsm;tzdkY acgif;ukduf
p&maumif;vSonfhjyóemyif jzpfonf/

bDtm&f-yef;ESifhAifqifhprpf
q&mMuD;vk(pf)uJhodkYyif &efukefwuúodkvf orkdif;ygarmu©a[mif; bDtm&fyef;
uvnf; ol\ A History of Rangoon pmtkyfü ok0PÖblrdodkY Ak'¨omoema&muf
&Sdvmonf [laomtaMumif;udk jiif;qkdcJhonf/

xkdYtwl a'gufwmAifqifhprpf (M.A.,D-litt) uvnf; ol\Asoka the

Buddhist Emperor of India pmtkyfü ok0PÖblrdjyóemESifhywfoufí jiif;csuf
xkwfcJhonf/

pifppf ok0PÖblrdodkY Ak'¨omoem a&muf&Sdonf[laom tqdkrSm 'Dy0Ho\t

qkdtrdefYjzpf&m ok0PÖblrdodkY Ak'¨omoem a&muf&Sdjcif;udk jiif;y,fjcif;onf 'Dy0Ho
udk jiif;y,fjcif;ESifhtwlwlyif jzpfonf/

'Dy0Ho\ twkdif;twm
odkYjzpf&m þae&mü 'Dy0Ho('Dy0if)\twkdif;twmudk od&Sd&ef vkdtyfvmay
onf/ pifppfrSm 'Dy0HorSm '@m&Dr[kwfay/ oD[kdVfEkdifiH\a&S;a[mif;orkdif;jzpfí
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

,if;'Dy0Houdk at'Dav;&mpku ay:xGufvmonf[k cefYrSef;Ekdifaomfvnf;a&;om;

jyKpkol\trnfudkum; ,cktxd okawoejyKí r&Muao;ay/

]]'Dy*greH Ak'¨ó? "mwleH aAm"d,m*rH}}tp&Sdaom *gxmtOD;wyfum tcef;

u@ y&dapä'aygif; 21-cef; yg&Sdonf/ ,if;'Dy0HoygXfudk 1929-ckESpfwGif &efukef
jrdKU ok"r®0wDykHESdyfwkdufrS yxrqkH;pmtkyftjzpf &kdufESdyfxkwfa0cJhonf/ ,if;'Dy0Ho
ü...
ok0PÖblrd *EÉme?
aomPkwå&m r[d'¨dum/
ed'´arwGm ydomp *aPm?
armapod rE¨ em r[l/
[lí taomurif;w&m;MuD;onf aomPax&fESifhOwå&ax&fwdkYudk ok0PÖblrdodkY
omoemjyKapvTwfaMumif; wdwdusus az:jyxm;onf/

'Dy0HorSm a&S;tusqkH; orkdif;usrf;jzpfonfhtwkdif; t|uxmq&mMuD;t&Sif

r[mAk'¨aCmoonf ¤if;\t|uxmusrf;rsm;wGif Ak'¨omoemhorkdif;ESifhpyfqkdif
vmwkdif; ]]0kwårÜd apwH 'Dy0Hao}}[lí 'Dy0Houdk vufn§dK;xkd;um 'Dy0if\tqkdt
rdefYrsm;udk tudk;taxmuf jyKcJh&onf/

xkdYaMumifhvnf; t&Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo\yg&mZduPf t|uxm Am[d&ed'gef;

wGif taomurif;w&m;MuD\udk;wkdif;udk;Xme omoemjyKapvTwfcef;ü ok0PÖblrd
wkdif;odkY aomPax&fESifhOwå&ax&fwkdYudk apvTwfí omoemjyKcJhaMumif; 'Dy0Ho
twkdif;yif tckdiftrm awGU&Sdae&ayonf/
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

xdkYtwl at'D 15-&mpku [Hom0wDbk&if "r®apwDrif;MuD;onf uvsmPD

ausmufpmwGif jrefrmEkdifiH\Ak'¨omoemorkdif;udk a&;xkd;&mü 'Dy0Ho\tqkdtrdefY
twkdif;yif ok0PÖblrdodkY Ak'¨omoema&muf&SdcJhaMumif;udk a&;xkd;cJhonf/

xkdYjyif jrefrmEkdifiHjzpf omoem0ifusrf;rsm;jzpfaom...

(1) rif;wkdifyiftrwfMuD; r[m"r®oBuø\omoemvuFm&pmwrf;?
(2) 'kwd,rkHa&T;aZw0efq&mawmft&Sift&d,0Hotm'dpö&HoD\omoemh0Ho
usrf;(ayrl)?
(3) wwd,armif;axmifq&mawmf t&Sifynmomrd\omoem0HoyÜ'Dydum
usrf;(ygVd)?
wkdYuvnf; 'Dy0Ho\tqkdtrdefYwkdYudkyif qkyfudkifum ok0PÖblrdodkY Ak'¨omoem
a&muf&SdcJhaMumif; wnDwnTwfwnf; az:jycJhMuonf/

odkYjzpf&m 'Dy0HorSm Ak'¨omoemorkdif;wGif aeçvtoGif xif&Sm;cJhMuaom

t|uxmq&mMuD;t&Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo tp&Sdonfh ynm&SifMuD;rsm;\av;pm;rI?
udk;um;rIudk cH,lcJh&aom orkdif;usrf;wql jzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;vSayonf/

xkdYaMumifhvnf; jrefrmEkdifiH? ,dk;',m;(,ck xkdif;)EkdifiHpaom Ak'¨omoem

a&muf&Sd&m EkdifiHrsm;u 'Dy0Houdk rdrdwkdYEkdifiHokH; tu©&mpmayrsm;jzifh jyefqkdum
wav;wpm; avhvmcJhMu&onf/

'Dy0Ho#Dum
jrefrmEkdifiHuqkdvQif rdrdwkdYEkdifiHokH; tu©&mjzifh jyefqkd&kHrQomru jrefrm
ouú&mZf 1235-ckESpfwGif 'Dy0Houdk ]]'Dy0Ho#Dum}}trnfjzifhyif tzGifh#Duma&;
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

om;jyKpkcJhMuonf/ ,if;'Dy0Ho#Dumudk a&;om;jyKpkolrSm rif;wkef;rif;w&m;MuD;

vufxuf ]]Zm*&mbd0Ho"Zwdyd#u"&r[m"r®&mZm"d&mZ*k&k}}wHqyfawmf& yxr
bk&m;MuD;q&mawmf t&SifZm*& jzpfonf/ bk&m;MuD;q&mawmf t&SifZm*&rSm]]wdyd
#u"&}}[k bGUJwHqdyfawmf qufuyfjcif;cH&avmufatmifyif yd#uwfokH;oG,f ed
um,fig;&yfwkdYudk txyfxyfarTaESmuf acsmufcsm;Ekdifojzifh yOöro*Fg,emausmuf
xuftu©&mxGif;xk&mü em,uq&mawmfMuD;tjzpfjzifh MuD;rSL;cJh&aom q&mawmf
jzpfonf/

t*Fvdyfvkd 'Dy0Ho
Ak'¨omoema&muf&Sd&m EkdifiHwkdif;u 'Dy0Houdk rdrdwkdY\EkdifiHokH;tu©&mrsm;
jzifh jyefqkdum avhvmcJhMu&onfhtwkdif; taemufwkdif;EkdifiHrsm;odkY Ak'¨omoem
a&muf&SdoGm;aom tcgüvnf; 'Dy0Houdk Dipawamsa: An Ancient Buddhist
Historical Record trnfjzifh t*Fvdyfvkd jyefqkdum avhvmcJhMuonf/

,if;t*Fvdyfvkd 'Dy0HorSm 1876-ckESpfwGif pmtkyftjzpf xGufay:vmí

t*FvdyfvkdjyefqkdolrSm [mreftkdvf'ifbwf(H.Olden berg) jzpfonf/ [mreftkdvf
'ifbwfum; ]]vef'efygVdpmaytoif;MuD;}}ray:rDuyif ygVdyd#uwfusrf;*efrsm;ukd
t*Fvdyfvkd jyefqkdxkwfa0cJhol ynm&SifMuD;jzpfonf/
[mreftkdvf'ifbwfonf 'Dy0Hotjyif...
]]0de,yd#u}}ig;usrf;udk Vinaya Pitaka trnfjzifh ig;wGJjyKvkyfívnf;
aumif;?
]]ax&*gxmESifhax&D*gxm}}udkvnf; Thera and Their Gatha
trnfjzifh vnf;aumif;?
t*Fvdyfvkd jyefqkdxkwfa0cJhonf/ xkdYjyif 1882-ckESpfü xGufay:vmaom ol\
Buddha; his life his doctrine and his Order pmtkyfrSmvnf; taemufwkdif;Ak'¨om
oemhorkdif;wGif ausmfMum;aompmtkyfjzpfonf/ udk;um;rI jyKcJhMu&onf/
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

Ak'¨bmomrsm;tzkdY &ifqkdYp&m
,if;odkY'Dy0Houdk Ak'¨omoema&muf&Sd&m EkdifiHwkdif;u ¤if;wkdY\EkdifiHokH;tu©
&mrsm;jzifh jyefqkdum avhvmcJhMu&onf/ t|uxmq&mMuD;t&Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo
tp&Sdaom aevtoGifomoem0ifü xif&Sm;olrsm;uvnf; tm;udk;wck udk;um;rI
jyKcJhMu&onf/

t|uxmq&m t&Sifr[mAk'¨aCmoqkdonfrSm Ak'¨omoemorkdif;ü ol\

oDv orm"d ynmudk jrif;rkd&fawmifwrQ xkxnftm;jzifh wkdif;wm&oljzpfonf/
okdYjzpfygvsuf...
(1)taomuacwfESifhacwfjydKifrSwfwrf; r[kwfjcif;?
(2)taomuausmufpmrsm;ü ok0PÖblrd[laom trnfryg&Sdjcif;?
[laomtaMumif;jycsufESpfckjzifh 'Dy0Ho\tqkdtrdefYudk cyfvG,fvG,f jiif;y,fvkduf
jcif;rSm Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tzkdY &ifqkdYp&m aumif;vSayonf/

jrefrmhomoem0ifESifhjrefrmh&mZ0if
tu,fí ok0PÖblrdokdY Ak'¨bmomomema&mufonfqkdaom 'Dy0Ho\
tqdktrdefYudk jiif;qkdypfrnfqkdygu txufü az:jycJhonfhtwkdif; ,if;tqdktrdefY
udk tajccHum a&;om;xm;onfh uvsmPDausmufpmESifhjrefrmomoemorkdif;(om
oem0if)rsm;udkvnf; acszsufypf&vdrfhrnf jzpfonf/

xkdrQom r[kwfao;? at'D 11-&mpku ok0PÖblrd oxkHrS yd#uwftpkH 30

ukd yk*Hjynhf&Sif aemf&xmbk&if yifhaqmifawmfrlonfqkdaom jrefrm&mZ0if\tcef;
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

u@ukdvnf; acszsufypf&rnfjzpfojzifh ,if;ae&mwGif tpm;xkd;rjzpfonfh uGuf

vyfwpfcktjzpf usef&pfrnfvnf; jzpfayonf/

'Dy0ifESifhw&kwfrSwfwrf;
q&mMuD;vk(pf)onf txufyga[majymyGJü t|uxmq&mMuD;udk,fwkdifudk;
um;&onfh 'Dy0Ho\tqdktrdefYrsm;udk jiif;qkdcJhaomfvnf; w&kwfbk&m;zl;rsm;\
rSwfwrf;rsm;? w&kwfoHwrefrsm;\rSwfwrf;rsm;udkum; tm;ukd;wcktjzpf tudk;t
axmufjyKum a[majymoGm;onf/

þü orkdif;a&;&mtwGuf w&kwfrSwfwrf;rsm;udk tudk;taxmufrjyK&[k r

qkdvdkay/ odkYaomf q&mMuD;vk(pf)onf 'Dy0Ho\tqkdtrdefYukdum; jiif;y,fvsuf
w&kwfrSwfwrf;rsm;udkrl tm;udk;wck tudk;taxmufjyKaejcif;rSm 'Dy0Hoonf w
&kwfrSwfwrf;rsm;avmufrS wefzkd;r&Sd&modkY a&mufíaejyDjzpf&m Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;
taejzifh b,fenf;ESifhrS vufcHEkdifMurnf r[kwfay/ jrefrmAk'¨bmom0ifrsm;om
ru urÇmhAk'¨bmom0iftaeESifhyg b,fenf;ESifhrS b0ifusEkdifMurnfvnf; r[kwf
ay/

a'gufwma&;\apm'u
,if;odkY b0ifrusEkdifolrsm;wGif uvuwåm;wuúokdvfygarmu©a'gufwma&;
vnf;yg0ifonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf a'gufwma&;u ol\pmtkyfwGif...
ok0PÖblrdodkY (t&SifaomPESifht&SifOwå&wkdY)omoemjyK a&mufcJhonf[l
aomtqkdtrdefYonf wu,fhorkdif;jzpf&yf[k wxpfcsckdifrmpGm rqkdEkdifaomfvnf;
,if;tqkdtrdefYonf vkH;0rjzpfEkdif/ usrf;jyKq&mrsm;\tawG;acgifrIrQom jzpfonf
[kqkH;jzwf&efrSmvnf; cJ,Of;vSayonf/ taomurif;w&m;MuD;onf yg#vdykwfae
jynfawmfrS tvGefa0;uGmvSonfh tD*spf qD;&D;,m;paom EkdifiHrsm;odkYyif omoem
 E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

jyKrax&frsm; apvTwfawmfrlcJhaMumif;udk ol\ausmufpmrsm;ü twdtvif;az:jy

xm;onfudk axmuf&IvQif ,if;odkYomoemjyKapvTwfcJhpOfu tqkdyg tD*spf-qD;&D;
,m;paomEkdifiHrsm;xuf ydkrkdeD;uyfpGm wnf&Sdaeaom ok0PÖblrdudk uGufí csef
vSyfrxm;cJhwef&m[k awG;awmzG,f&mvnf; &Sdayao;onf/
ponfjzifh ,if;jyóemESifhywfoufí ol\tawG;tac: ol\t,ltqudk wifjy
um apm'u wwfxm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/

pifppf a'gufwma&;\tawG;tac: t,ltqonf obm0usojzifh þ

jyóemü xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh tawG;tac: t,ltqrsm;yif jzpfonf/
trSeftm;jzifh-
'Dy0Hoonf '@m&Dvnf; r[kwfay/ odkYjzpf&m txufyg taMumif;jycsuf
ESpfckjzifh 'Dy0Ho\tqkdtrdefYudk jiif;y,foifh roifh orkdif;okawoDrsm;tzkdY tav;
teuf pOf;pm;&rnf jzpfayonf/

jrifhaqG

rSwfcsuf/ /ÓPfvif;"r®pmya'om? 1984-ckESpf? Mo*kwfvxkwf? pmrsufESm

(102 rS 111xd)üvm&Sdaom aqmif;yg;udk jyifqifjcif;r&SdyJ jyefvnf&kdufESdyfxm;yg
onf/