Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Facultad de Química
Licenciatura en Ingeniería Química

U. A Termodinámica

Equipo 5 “Los indestructibles”

Práctica 3 “Gases Ideales 2”

Docente:
Dra. Rosalva Leal Silva

Integrantes:
✓ Bermúdez Lázaro Pascual
✓ De la Cruz Jiménez Cristian Arturo
✓ Encarnación Zúñiga Miguel Ángel
✓ Navarrete Dávila Guillermo
Grupo 25

Periodo 2022A

Toluca, Estado de México, marzo de 2022

 Practice N. 3 “Ideal Gases 2”
1. In 1894, W. Ramsay studied various adsorption studies, removing oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor from air, similar separations with
diffusive processes were made by Lord Rayleigh. Both studies obtained a
small amount of gas whose density was 1.63 g/L at 25 °C y 1 atm. According
to this information, what element did they find?
Data:
𝑔 𝑎𝑡𝑚∙𝐿
𝝆 = 1.63 𝐿 𝑻 = 25°𝐶 + 273.15 = 298.15𝐾 𝑷 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑹 = 0.082 𝑚𝑜𝑙∙𝐾

𝑃𝑃𝑀 𝜌𝑅𝑇 𝑔 1000𝑑𝑚3 1𝑚3 𝑔

𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝜌 = 𝑃𝑀 = 𝜌 = 1.63 3
( 3
)( ) = 1.63
𝑅𝑇 𝑃 𝑑𝑚 1𝑚 1000𝐿 𝐿
𝑔 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
(1.63 𝐿 ) (0.082 ) (298.15𝐾 ) 𝑔
𝑃𝑀 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙𝐾 = 39.87 𝑃𝑀 = 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑜𝑛
1𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙

2. What is the concentration in mole per liter and molecule per cubic centimeter
of an ideal gas at 25 °C and the following conditions?
a) 1atm
Data:
𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
𝑻 = 25°𝐶 + 273.15 = 298.15𝐾 𝑷 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑹 = 0.082
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
𝑃𝑉 𝑉 𝑅𝑇 𝑛 𝑃
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅𝑇 = =
𝑛 𝑛 𝑃 𝑉 𝑅𝑇
𝑛 1𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝐿 6.022𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
= = 0.040902 ( ) ( )
𝑉 (0.082 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿 ) (298.15𝐾 ) 𝐿 1000𝑐𝑚3 1𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
= 2.461𝑥1019
𝑐𝑚3
b) 1X10-6 torr.
Data:
1𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
𝑻 = 25°𝐶 + 273.15 = 298.15𝐾 𝑷 = 1𝑥10−6 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 ( ) = 1.31𝑋10−9 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑹 = 0.082
760𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
𝑛 𝑃 1.31𝑥10−9 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = = 5.378𝑥10−11
𝑉 𝑅𝑇 (0.082 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿 ) (298.15𝐾 ) 𝐿
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝐿 6.022𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
= 5.378𝑥10−11 ( 3
) ( ) = 3.238𝑥1010
𝑉 𝐿 1000𝑐𝑚 1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑚3

2
 3. In the laboratory concentrated hydrochloric acid is reacted with aluminum,
hydrogen gas is released that is recovered in water at 25 °C, its volume is
0.355 dm3 at 750 Torr of total pressure. How many hydrogen moles are
recovered? At 25 °C the vapor pressure of water is 24 Torr.
Data:
1𝐿
𝑻 = 25°𝐶 + 273.15 = 298.15𝐾 𝑽 = 0.355𝑑𝑚3 ( ) = 0.355𝐿
1𝑑𝑚3
1𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
𝑷𝟐 = 24𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 ( ) = 0.315𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑹 = 0.082
760𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
2𝐴𝑙 + 6𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 2𝐴𝑙𝐶𝑙3 + 3𝐻2
𝑃𝑉 (0.315𝑎𝑡𝑚)(0.355𝐿)
𝑛= = = 4.573𝑥10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑅𝑇 (0.082 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿 ) (298.15𝐾 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
4. Natural gas is extracted at 35 °C and 4.3 atm. Its mass composition is: 94.1%
of methane, 3.0 % of ethane, and 2.9 % of nitrogen. Determine:
𝒍𝒃 %
a) Molecular weight of the gas mixture in 𝑃𝑀𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑃𝑀 ( )
𝒍𝒃 𝒎𝒐𝒍 100

% 𝑔 𝑔
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 % 𝑃𝑀 ( ) 𝑃𝑀𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 ( )
100 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶𝐻4 94.1% 0.941 16 15.056
𝐶2 𝐻6 3.0% 0.03 30 0.9
𝑁2 2.9% 0.029 28 0.812
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 100% 1 74 16.768

𝑔 1𝑙𝑏 1000𝑔 1𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙 453.592𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑙𝑏

16.768 ( )( )( )( ) = 16.768
𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 453.592𝑔 1𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙 1000𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑙𝑏 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝒍𝒃
b) Density of the gas mixture in 𝒇𝒕𝟑.
Data:
𝑔 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
𝑻 = 35°𝐶 + 273.15 = 303.15𝐾 𝑷 = 4.3𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑷𝑴 = 16.768 𝑹 = 0.082
𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
𝑔
(4.3𝑎𝑡𝑚) (16.768 )
𝑃 ∙ 𝑃𝑀 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔
𝜌= = = 2.85
𝑅𝑇 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿 𝐿
(0.082 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾 ) (303.15𝐾 )

𝑔 1𝐿 1𝑙𝑏 1𝑐𝑚3 𝑙𝑏
𝜌 = 2.85 ( 3
) ( ) ( −5 3
) = 178𝑥10−3 3
𝐿 1000𝑐𝑚 453.54𝑔 3.531𝑥10 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡

3
c) Partial pressure of each gas in atm.
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠: 100𝑔 𝑃𝑇 = 4.3𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑃𝐸 = 𝑃𝑇 ∙ 𝑋𝐸 𝑋𝐸 =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑔
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑚(𝑔) 𝑃𝑀 ( ) 𝑛(𝑚𝑜𝑙) 𝑋𝐸 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶𝐻4 94.1 16 5.88 0.941
𝐶2 𝐻6 3.0 30 0.1 0.016
𝑁2 2.9 28 0.1036 0.017
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 100 74 6.0848 1

𝑃𝐶𝐻4 = (4.3𝑎𝑡𝑚)(0.941) = 4.1581𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝑃𝐶2 𝐻6 = (4.3𝑎𝑡𝑚)(0.016) = 0.0688𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃𝑁2 = (4.3𝑎𝑡𝑚)(0.017) = 0.0731𝑎𝑡𝑚

5. The mole fractions of the main components of dry air at 760 mmHg are:
𝑿𝑵𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖, 𝑿𝑶𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏, and 𝑿𝑨𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟑. Determine:

a) The partial pressure of each component in dry air at 1 atm and 20°C.
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑃𝑇 ∙ 𝑋𝐸 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚
1𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃𝑁2 = (760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔)(0.78) = 592.8𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 ( ) = 0.78𝑎𝑡𝑚
760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
1𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃𝑂2 = (760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔)(0.21) = 159.6𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 ( ) = 0.21𝑎𝑡𝑚
760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
1𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃𝐴𝑟 = (760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔)(0.0093) = 7.068𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 ( ) = 0.0093𝑎𝑡𝑚
760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
∑𝑃 = 0.9993 ≈ 1

b) The mass of each component contained in a classroom of 4.6 × 6 × 2.3 m and

20°C in Toluca City.
Data:
𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
𝑻 = 20°𝐶 + 273.15 = 293.15𝐾 𝑹 = 0.082
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾
1𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑷𝑻𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒂 𝑪𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 562𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 ( ) = 0.739𝑎𝑡𝑚
760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
1000𝐿
𝑽 = (4.6𝑚)(6𝑚)(2.3𝑚) = 63.48𝑚3 ( ) = 63480𝐿
1𝑚3
𝑚 𝑃𝑉 ⋅ 𝑃𝑀
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑚=
𝑃𝑀 𝑅𝑇

4
 𝑔 𝑔 𝑔
𝑃𝑀𝑁2 = 28 𝑃𝑀𝑂2 = 32 𝑃𝐴𝑟 = 40
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
(0.739𝑎𝑡𝑚)(63480𝐿) (28 )
𝑚𝑁2 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 54643.138𝑔
𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
(0.082 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾 ) (293.15𝐾 )

𝑔
(0.739𝑎𝑡𝑚)(63480𝐿) (32 )
𝑚𝑂2 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 62449.301𝑔
𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
(0.082 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾 ) (293.15𝐾 )

𝑔
(0.739𝑎𝑡𝑚)(63480𝐿 ) (40 )
𝑚𝐴𝑟 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 78061.62𝑔
𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝐿
(0.082 ) (293.15𝐾 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙ 𝐾