Solar eclipse Lunar eclipse

• Occurs when the Earth comes in between the Sun and the Moon
• Occurs when the Moon comes in between the Sun and the Earth • The shadow of the Earth forms on the Moon
• The shadow of the Moon forms on the Earth

Total lunar eclipse – all the light

Total solar eclipse – all the light
rays from the Sun are completely
blocked by the Moon
rays from the Sun are completely Partial lunar eclipse – some of the
blocked by the Earth light rays can still reach the Moon
Partial solar eclipse – some of the • Why does the Moon look red during total lunar eclipse?
light rays can still reach the Earth o Earth’s atmosphere scatters sunlight. The blue light from the
Sun scatters away, and longer-wavelength red, orange, and
yellow light pass through, turning our Moon red
o The more dust or clouds in Earth’s atmosphere during the
eclipse, the redder the Moon will appear.
 Solar and lunar eclipses are rare Circuit symbols
• Due to the slight tilt of the Moon’s orbit • For a cell, the longer line is the (+) terminal, and the shorter line is
• Eclipses can only happen when the Sun, Earth and Moon are in the (-) terminal
the same straight line.

Flow of electricity
• Current: The flow of charge due to the movement of electrons
• Electrons are negatively-charged particles and will be attracted to
the (+) terminal of a power supply and repelled from the (-)
terminal
• Electrons can only flow in a complete circuit
Types of circuits
• Series circuit
o The components are connected in a single path and current
can only flow through this one path
o If any component breaks, the current flow will stop there
• Parallel circuit
o The components are connected in parallel to each other and
there is more than one path for the current to flow through
o If any component breaks, the current can still travel to the
other components
Measuring currents
• Current is measured using an ammeter in the unit amperes (A)
• Ammeters are always connected in series with other components in
the circuit
• Red terminal of ammeter connected to (+) terminal
• Black terminal of ammeter connected to (-) terminal
• When electrons move faster = current ↑
• When electrons move slower = current ↓
• The ammeter does not affect the current, it only measures it.
 3 a) Name the particles that flow inside a wire when current flows.
1 Based on the diagram below, answer the following questions.

b) State the charge on these particles.

c) Explain, with reference to the cell, what direction these

particles flow in a circuit.

4 Label the components in the following circuit diagram:

a) What is the phenomenon in the diagram called?

b) What is observed by the people at:

Location (i)?
Location (ii)?

2 a) Describe how a lunar eclipse occurs.

b) What does a total and partial lunar eclipse mean?

c) Why are solar and lunar eclipses rare?

5 Which of these ammeters will give a correct result for the current in b) In Circuit 1, if lamp Z breaks, will the other lamps light up?
the lamp?

c) In Circuit 2, if lamp Q breaks, will lamp P light up?

7 Answer the following questions according to the diagrams below:

6 Look at the two circuits below. Answer the questions below. Circuit 1 Circuit 2

Circuit 3

Circuit 1 Circuit 2 a) In which circuit will the lamp be lit up?

b) What needs to be done to make the lamps in the other
a) What type of circuits are these? circuits to light up?
Circuit 1:
Circuit 2:
1 Based on the diagram below, answer the following questions. 3 a) Name the particles that flow inside a wire when current flows.
Electrons.

b) State the charge on these particles.

Negative charge.

c) Explain, with reference to the cell, what direction these

particles flow in a circuit.
Negative to positive terminal.

4 Label the components in the following circuit diagram:

a) What is the phenomenon in the diagram called?

Solar eclipse.

b) What is observed by the people at:

Location (i)? Total solar eclipse.
Location (ii)? Partial solar eclipse.

2 a) Describe how a lunar eclipse occurs.

The Earth comes in between the Sun and the Moon and
blocks sun rays from reaching the Moon.

b) What does a total and partial lunar eclipse mean?

Total: The Moon is completely in the shadow of the Earth
Partial: The Moon is only partially in the shadow of the Earth (i) Battery/cell
(ii) Lamp
c) Why are solar and lunar eclipses rare? (iii) Ammeter
The orbit of the Moon is slightly tilted and thus not exactly in (iv) Buzzer
the same plane as the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. (v) Switch
Eclipses can only happen when the Sun, Earth and Moon are
in the same straight line.
5 Which of these ammeters will give a correct result for the current in b) In Circuit 1, if lamp Z breaks, will the other lamps light up?
the lamp? Yes. Because the circuit is still complete for the other lamps thus
the current can flow.

c) In Circuit 2, if lamp Q breaks, will lamp P light up?

No. Because the circuit is incomplete thus no current can flow to
lamp P.
7 Answer the following questions according to the diagrams below:

Circuit 1 Circuit 2
Answer: B (positive terminal connected to the red terminal, ammeter
connected in series)
6 Look at the two circuits below. Answer the questions below.

Circuit 3

a) In which circuit will the lamp be lit up? Circuit 2.

Circuit 1
a) What type of circuits are these?
Circuit 1: Parallel circuit
Circuit 2: Series circuit
b) What needs to be done to make the lamps in the other
circuits to light up?
Circuit 2 Circuit 1: Attach a wire from the lamp to the negative
terminal. (The circuit is incomplete)
Circuit 3: Change the terminal of the batteries so that current
can flow from negative to positive