Asuncion, Christopher M.

BIT-ELET 3A BATSTATE-U BALAYAN

GED 105 Readings in Philippine History

A. Definition of History

- History is the study of the human past as it is described in written documents left behind by
humans. The past, with all of its complicated choices and events, participants dead and history told, is
what the general public perceives to be the immutable bedrock on which historians and archaeologists
stand.

- History is the study of how people lived in societies in the past, in all of their diversity, in
connection to current trends and aspirations for the future. It is an investigation into the inescapable
changes in historical human affairs and how these changes impact, shape, or decide societal life-
patterns.

B. Histories Subject Matters

- It is an Inquiry into what happened in the past, when it happened, and how it happened. It is
an inquiry into the inevitable changes in human affairs in the past and the ways these changes affect,
influence or determine the patterns of life in the society. History is, or should be an attempt to re-think
the past.

- It is an investigation of what occurred in the past, when it occurred, and how it occurred. It is
an investigation into the unavoidable changes in human affairs throughout history and how these
changes affect, influence, or shape the patterns of life in society. History is an attempt to rethink the
past, or should be.

What is an example of a subject matter? - Subject matter is what something is about. An example of
subject matter is a paper written about dogs. The matter or thought presented for consideration in some
statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or study. Matter under consideration
in a written work or speech; a theme.

c. History and the Historians

- The word "historian" is a relatively unambiguous word. It means simply a man who tries to
write history. But the word "history" is thoroughly ambiguous. It may refer to events which have taken
place in the past; or it may refer to the written record of those events.

What is history? - History is about the individuals who lived in the past and teaches us about their lives.
We may learn about the lives of regular people and great individuals through studying history. We learn
about their clothing and the type of housing, food, tools, and technology they possessed. History also
informs us about historical conflicts, wars, and famines.

What is Historians? – People who study history must seek for indications about life in the past. They are
known as historians. Historians investigate the past by asking questions and gathering evidence. They
investigate the past by looking for clues in the texts and photographs they discover, as well as clothes,
tools, and jewelry that have survived. All of these hints or bits of evidence must be analyzed, explained,
and documented.

D.Sources of History

- Sources of history can help us understand the events, cultures, ideas, and perspectives of the
past, but they also have limitations, biases, and gaps that require critical evaluation and comparison. A
source is something that provides information about the historical topic you are studying. They can
either be written, or non-written.

- Historical sources can be used as evidence to back up your claims of what the past was like.
They allow you to say that something happened, whether it's a battle, or the existence of a famous
figure. You can then use them to create your own interpretations of the finer details.

Three Types of History Sources

1. Primary sources are contemporaneous to the subject being studied. They could be objects, letters,
journal or newspapers. They must originate from the time being studied to be accepted as a primary
source, this can include copied images of an original document, or reprinted editions of a book.

2. Secondary sources are nearly always textual: books or journals. A secondary source would be an
article written about a primary source.

3. Tertiary sources are sources that rely on secondary sources for their information. This would
include most school textbooks, essays written at school that cite textbooks and secondary sources.
Books and essays that are historiographical in nature, so discuss the way in which history is presented,
are tertiary sources.

The other one is primary sources and written sources

Travelogue

- A travelogue is a truthful account of an individual’s experiences traveling, usually told in the

past tense and in the first person.

- The word travelogue supposedly comes from a combination of the two words travel and
monologue. In turn, the word monologue comes from the Greek words monos (alone) and logos
(speech, word). Because a travelogue aims to be a true account of an individual’s experiences traveling,
descriptions of what the traveler sees, hears, tastes, smells, and feels in the external world while
traveling are essential components.

What are the types of travelogue?

- A travelogue can exist in the form of a book, a blog, a diary or journal, an article or essay, a
podcast, a lecture, a narrated slide show, or in virtually every written or spoken form of creation. There
are many examples of travelogues

La Solidaridad
 - Was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889. It was edited by Graciano López Jaena
and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar. [2] The social, cultural, and economic conditions of the colonial
Philippines were published in La Solidaridad. La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an organization created
in Spain on December 13, 1888. The social, cultural, and economic conditions of the colonial Philippines
were published in La Solidaridad.

- It was founded on February 15, 1889, and existed up to November 15, 1895. Its first editor was
Graciano Lopez-Jaena but who was soon succeeded by Marcelo H. Del Pilar. La Solidaridad was a
political propaganda paper with a liberal, reformist orientation dedicated to the task of fighting reaction
in all its forms.

- La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888.
Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe’s universities, the
organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to
propagate a closer relationship between the Philippines and Spain.

The contributors of the La Solidaridad were mostly Filipinos, such as:

1. Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel) 2. Dr. Jose Rizal (Laon Laan)

3. Mariano Ponce (Naning, Kalipulo, Tigbalang) 4. Antonio Luna (Taga Ilog)

5. Jose Ma. Panganiban (Jomapa) 6. Dr. Pedro Paterno 7. Antonio Ma. Regidor

8. Isabelo delos Reyes 9. Eduardo de Lete 10. Jose Alejandrino

Newspaper

- a publication and form of mass communication and mass media usually issued daily, weekly, or
at other regular times that provides news, views, features, and other information of public interest and
that often carries advertising.

Archival materials

- Archival materials are information objects that serve as evidence of past events. They act as a
memory aid or as a proxy for those events by recording information about them which can be recalled
at some point in the future.

- Archival materials are information artifacts that serve as documentation of previous

occurrences. They serve as a memory assist or a proxy for such experiences by capturing information
about them that may be recalled later.

What are the examples of archival materials?

- Some examples are manuscripts, letters, photographs, moving image and sound materials,
artwork, books, diaries, artifacts, and the digital equivalents of all of these things.

What are the uses of archival materials?

 - They are usually considered primary sources that serve as evidence of past actions and events.
Archives act as memory aids that allow us to recall and relive these activities and events, or to re-
communicate information about them at some point in the future.

Emilio Aguinaldo 1964

- Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo led his country to achieve independence after fighting off both
the Spanish and the Americans. Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 22, 1869, in Kawit, Cavite,
Philippines. He was the seventh among the children of Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy
Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo become the first and youngest president of the country by being the First
Philippine Republic. Emilio Aguinaldo died of coronary thrombosis on February 6, 1964

- In 1898, he achieved the independence of the Philippines from Spain and was elected the first
president of the new republic under the Malolos Congress. He also led the Philippine-American War
against U.S. resistance to Philippine independence. Aguinaldo died of a heart attack on February 6, 1964,
in Quezon City, Philippines.

MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN

Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan is the memoir of Emilio Aguinaldo written based on a diary he kept, several
documents he preserved, and family lore he gathered from his elders. Aguinaldo was one of the many
members
of the Katipunan and belonged to the Magdalo faction. He led numerous attacks and won victories
against the
Spaniards in the Cavite province. After the death of Bonifacio, he assumed total leadership of the
revolution.
Later, Aguinaldo forcibly set up a provisional dictatorship in the country, declared Philippine
independence on
June 12, 1898, and sworn in as the first president of the new, self-governed Philippine republic.
Believed to be of two volumes, Aguinaldo’s memoir includes accounts beginning from his birth, his early
life, and his participation in the revolution. However, the first volume ends the memoir only with the
details of
the Treaty in Biak-na-Bato. Although its existence is still not proven, the second volume is assumed to
continue
with the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the Philippine-American War. The provided excerpts
begin the
memoir with Aguinaldo’s arrival to Cavite and his encounter with two of his generals which led
to the
confrontation of the three Filipino civil guards patrolling their territory. This is followed by a narrative of
the
Siege of Imus, where they have been cheated at first yet was able to make a successful attack after
regrouping
and changing tactics. The last of the three excerpts is the longest and tackles several events in the
revolution.
First, it recorded the arrival of Supremo Bonifacio and some of his men in San Francisco de Malabon
where he
was welcomed with a wonderful parade and regarded as the “Haring Bayan.” It continued with
Aguinaldo
discussing notable differences between the Magdiwang and the Magdalo factions of the Katipunan,
including the
party name, members and officials, territories, achievements, attitude, and form of government. It also
provided
the planned attempt to rescue Jose Rizal from his execution, which could have been performed if not
only for
Paciano Rizal’s intervention and warning not to risk any more lives. It ended with the account of the
Battle of
Pateros which initially was a victory after they caused the retreat of the Spanish troops by the Pasig
River but
then was forced to go back to Cavite when a bigger army of Spaniards from Laguna came to attack the
province.
Produced in long hand and written in Tagalog between 1928 and 1946, it gave us essential information
to
visualize how Filipino revolutionaries engaged in battle with the Spaniards which were important events
in the
Philippine history. It chronicled the revolution which showed us how united and persistent the Filipinos
were to
end the Spanish occupation. This allows us to grasp how great their struggles were during the colonial
era to the
point that what they desired was nothing more than independence. Other than that, the document
highlights the
experiences and aspirations of Emilio Aguinaldo. The understanding we give to his persona becomes
relevant in
knowing what kind of a Filipino leader he was. We were able to view history through the eyes of
Aguinaldo,
which leads us to a better appreciation of his heroism and efforts important to the freedom we enjoy
today.
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan was an exciting read. But more than the thrill it offered was another
motivation
for me to keep on working hard for my dreams. After all, success comes from perseverance and
persistence which
are both qualities shown by the Filipino revolutionaries. Thanking these people for the sacrifice they
have made
is not enough; we must sacrifice ourselves, too, that we may be able to preserve and protect this
independence
which we have achieved because of the blood shed by our fellow Filipinos in the past.
MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN

Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan is the memoir of Emilio Aguinaldo written based on a diary he kept, several
documents he preserved, and family lore he gathered from his elders. Aguinaldo was one of the many
members
of the Katipunan and belonged to the Magdalo faction. He led numerous attacks and won victories
against the
Spaniards in the Cavite province. After the death of Bonifacio, he assumed total leadership of the
revolution.
Later, Aguinaldo forcibly set up a provisional dictatorship in the country, declared Philippine
independence on
June 12, 1898, and sworn in as the first president of the new, self-governed Philippine republic.
Believed to be of two volumes, Aguinaldo’s memoir includes accounts beginning from his birth, his early
life, and his participation in the revolution. However, the first volume ends the memoir only with the
details of
the Treaty in Biak-na-Bato. Although its existence is still not proven, the second volume is assumed to
continue
with the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the Philippine-American War. The provided excerpts
begin the
memoir with Aguinaldo’s arrival to Cavite and his encounter with two of his generals which led
to the
confrontation of the three Filipino civil guards patrolling their territory. This is followed by a narrative of
the
Siege of Imus, where they have been cheated at first yet was able to make a successful attack after
regrouping
and changing tactics. The last of the three excerpts is the longest and tackles several events in the
revolution.
First, it recorded the arrival of Supremo Bonifacio and some of his men in San Francisco de Malabon
where he
was welcomed with a wonderful parade and regarded as the “Haring Bayan.” It continued with
Aguinaldo
discussing notable differences between the Magdiwang and the Magdalo factions of the Katipunan,
including the
party name, members and officials, territories, achievements, attitude, and form of government. It also
provided
the planned attempt to rescue Jose Rizal from his execution, which could have been performed if not
only for
Paciano Rizal’s intervention and warning not to risk any more lives. It ended with the account of the
Battle of
Pateros which initially was a victory after they caused the retreat of the Spanish troops by the Pasig
River but
then was forced to go back to Cavite when a bigger army of Spaniards from Laguna came to attack the
province.
Produced in long hand and written in Tagalog between 1928 and 1946, it gave us essential information
to
visualize how Filipino revolutionaries engaged in battle with the Spaniards which were important events
in the
Philippine history. It chronicled the revolution which showed us how united and persistent the Filipinos
were to
end the Spanish occupation. This allows us to grasp how great their struggles were during the colonial
era to the
point that what they desired was nothing more than independence. Other than that, the document
highlights the
experiences and aspirations of Emilio Aguinaldo. The understanding we give to his persona becomes
relevant in
knowing what kind of a Filipino leader he was. We were able to view history through the eyes of
Aguinaldo,
which leads us to a better appreciation of his heroism and efforts important to the freedom we enjoy
today.
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan was an exciting read. But more than the thrill it offered was another
motivation
for me to keep on working hard for my dreams. After all, success comes from perseverance and
persistence which
are both qualities shown by the Filipino revolutionaries. Thanking these people for the sacrifice they
have made
is not enough; we must sacrifice ourselves, too, that we may be able to preserve and protect this
independence
which we have achieved because of the blood shed by our fellow Filipinos in the past.
MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN

- The Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan, Emilio Aguinaldo's book, is regarded significant to the grand
narrative of Philippine history since it not only contains Emilio Aguinaldo's memoirs, but also historical
facts about our history, such as information on Filipino forefathers. Similarly, it demonstrateshow the
people of our nation fought back against the Spaniards with zeal in order to achieve our independence.
The paper, Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan, will also provide people an understanding of how important it is
to be aware of everything that occurs in the Gunitang Himagsikan. Emilio Aguinaldo is attempting to
wash his hands of the terrible murder of Andres Bonifacio. As aresult, it serves as a means of rebuttal to
the accusations leveled against him. It gives us a glimpse into Aguinaldo's inner thoughts and feelings,
which will aid in a better understanding of Philippine history.

- The "Gunita ng Himagsikan" is a documentary on Emilio Aguinaldo's life in the Philippines. The
perspective of Emilio Aguinaldo on the Treaty of Biak-na-Bato is presented. This task provided us with
crucial knowledge that allowed us to visualize how Filipino rebels fought the Spaniards in battles that
were significant in Philippine history. Learning the truth is what history is all about. As a result,
examining all angles of historical data aids in determining whether event is true.

- Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan was an exciting read but more than the thrill it offered was another
motivation for me to keep on working hard for my dreams. After all, success comes from perseverance
and persistence which are both qualities shown by the Filipino revolutionaries. Thanking these people
for the sacrifice they have made is not enough; we must sacrifice ourselves, too, that we may be able to
preserve and protect this independence which we have achieved because of the blood shed by our
fellow Filipinos in the past.

Paintings

- Painting, the expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic qualities,
in a two-dimensional visual language. The elements of this language—its shapes, lines, colours, tones,
and textures—are used in various ways to produce sensations of volume, space, movement, and light on
a flat surface. These elements are combined into expressive patterns in order to represent real or
supernatural phenomena, to interpret a narrative theme, or to create wholly abstract visual
relationships.
Map Murillo Velarde 1974

- The Murillo Velarde’s map of the Philippine archipelago is a landmark in the depiction of the
islands, and the first scientific map of the Philippines. On its flanks are twelve images, six to a side. Eight
of these images depict various ethnic groups residing in the archipelago.

- This magnificent map of the Philippine archipelago, drawn by the Jesuit Father Pedro Murillo
Velarde (1696--1753) and published in Manila in 1734, is the first and most important scientific map of
the Philippines.
Watch the youtube channel Iwitness Savage Juan Luna in Paris Documentary Howie Severino

- The video was released on October 10, 2016. Murder occurred when Juan Luna was in Paris.
He murdered his wife and mother-in-law, maybe because Juan Luna became enraged quickly. The
pictures seen in the film, including Juan Luna's iconic painting "Spoliarium," were presented in the
footage that I saw in the documentary. Moreover, other photographs of Juan Luna at his home and
during his time with his buddy, Rizal, and D. Ariston Bautista was mentioned. Newspaper clippings were
also displayed in the program, providing us with extra information regarding Juan Luna's predicament
during his time. Juan Luna used the term "savage" to characterize our forefathers. And Howie Severino
made it, with the support of his team or documentary team that traveled to Paris to provide us
additional information on what happened to Juan Luna in Paris, such as his history. I believe the target
audience here was students like me.