[ENM[AF NHMP[@ _@ÝMHFWM y ^P^ _[FJ@NEM^

Cestfrem _`rsflmh
^`i÷l su t`sdflef, `l Mifstf a` =539, [enmraf Nhmur` _`ýmhfzm r`nekeþ `h hhmdmaf aer`ntf
a`h ^`ýfr G`sunrestf. _rälnep`s a`dflämnfs cmkäml tfdmaf nfltrfh a` su s`r, y leli÷l _mstfr cmkäm
pfaeaf hek`rmrhf `l vmrefs aäms. Numlaf tfam pfsekeheama s` cmkäm miftmaf, `h ^`ýfr cmkhþ `l
_rfj`näm m trmvås a` mhiue`l, y aegf qu` Åh desdf ekm m kmgmr pmrm hek`rmr m su se`rvf. U msä ju`.

@l ul nuhtf `l nmsm a` sus pmar`s, hm i`lt` r`uleam, tfnmam pfr `h @späretu a` Aefs, `dp`zþ m nm`r.
Pl leýf tuvf ulm veseþl, `l hm qu` `h ^`ýfr G`s÷s kmgmkm nfl hfs Íli`h`s, y hfs A`dflefs cuäml
a`spmvfreafs pfr hm v`ltmlm.

Hm cmketmneþl afla` `stmkml r`uleafs s` hh`lþ a` fhfr m rfsms y p`rdml`neþ msä pfr vmrefs aäms. Åh
s` vef nfl ulm t÷lenm khmlnm, a` rfaehhms jr`lt` mh desdf G`sunrestf, qu` `stmkm a` pe`,
r`sphmla`ne`lt`. Edpfleålafh` hms dmlfs sfkr` su nmk`zm, åst` h` aegf7

«Cegf däf, yf t` c` smhvmaf7 Q` c` h`vmltmaf a` `ltr` hfs cfdkr`s pmrm qu` pr`aequ`s De _mhmkrm.
Lulnm dís s`rís cfhhmaf. Mcfrm `l`s `h pfa`r pmrm cfhhmr s`rpe`lt`s y `snfrpefl`s².

Mh tårdelf a` hm veseþl, [enmraf `ltrþ `l myulf, y `stuvf hhfrmlaf, qu`krmltmaf pfr `h @späretu
^mltf pfr duncfs aäms.

Hekrfs
[enmraf Nhmur` cm `snretf hekrfs nfdf7

«Kehh Imt`s EEE y su _rfy`ntf Hflicfrl² (;??;).

«@h Nu`rlf Irmla` a` ^`mh`² (;??1).

«@h _rälnep` a` Qerf² (;??1).

«Hm Dmrnm a` Hm K`sm² (;??0).

«Hm D`aeam a`h Qe`dpf `l hm _rfj`näm Käkhenm² (;??9).

(; ??9).

Hms 9 @ama`s
@ltr` sus `ls`ýmlzms, `lnfltrmdfs hm a` hms 9 @ama`s a`h Dulaf7

Hm _red`rm @ama7 A` hm @xpuhseþl a`h _mrmäsf mh Aehuvef.

Hm ^`iulam @ama7 A`h Aehuvef m hm Aesp`rseþl a` Kmk`h.
K mk`h.

Hm Q`rn`rm @ama7 A` hm Aesp`rseþl a` Kmk`h m hm Hh`imam m hm Qe`rrm _rfd`am.

Hm Numrtm @ama7 A` hm Hh`imam m hm Qe`rrm _rfd`am mh Mrr`kmtmde`ltf a` G`s÷s.

Hm ]ueltm @ama7 A`h Mrr`kmtmde`ltf a` G`s÷s mh Mrdmi`aþl.

Hm ^`xtm @ama7 A`h Mrdmi`aþl mh Hmif a` Ju`if pmrm ^mtmlís y hfs edpäfs.

Hm ^åpdm @ama7 A`h Hmif a` Ju`if m hm @t`rleama.

Nenhfs a` 9? Qe`dpfs
Nhmur` tmdkeål cm a`snuke`rtf nenhfs a` 9? 'Df`ks' f 'Qe`dpfs' (Mýfs Käkhenfs '_`rj`ntfs' a` >:?
aäms) `ltr` aej`r`lt`s sun`sfs käkhenfs7
Elenef a`h [`elmaf a` Gfmned.
 

@dpe`zm `h Nmuv`ref a`h [`y Gfmquäl.

Lmkunfaflfsfr elenem `h sef nfltrm G`rusmhål.

Lmkunfaflfsfr `ltrm m G`rusmhål pfr pred`rm v`z.

Elenef a` hm A`strunneþl a`h _red`r Q`dphf.

Jel a`h [`elmaf a` ^`a`quäms.

Nerf EE s` a`nhmrm [`y a` Kmkehflem.

Amräf `h Irmla` suk` mh Qrflf.

^` pfl` hm _e`arm Julamd`ltmh a`h ^`iulaf Q`dphf.

^` t`rdelm a` nflstruer `h ^`iulaf Q`dphf.

Hm _rfj`näm a` hfs 9? ^`pt`lefs

@l hm _rfj`näm a` hms 9? ^cmk÷ms («^`dmlms² f ^`pt`lefs a` Df`ks, f 9 Mýfs '_`rj`ntfs' a` >:?
aäms7 ;.0;? aäms `l tftmh) a`h Hekrf a` Amle`h, s` aen` qu` trmlsnurreríl :5 ^`pt`lefs a`sa` hm fra`l
a` r`nflstruer `h Q`dphf a` G`rusmhål a`strueaf pfr Lmkunfaflfsfr EE, cmstm hm mpmreneþl a`h
D`säms. @stf `quevmh` m 13> Mýfs Käkhenfs, f =9>.33? aäms.

@l kms` m `stm eljfrdmneþl, [enmraf Nhmur` cm j`ncmaf `h @aentf a` Mrtmg`rg`s pmrm r`nflstruer `h
Q`dphf `l `h =1 a` Dmrzf a`h 110 M@N, y hm Nrunexeþl a` G`s÷s `h =? a` Mkreh a`h mýf >; @N,
dfd`ltf `l qu` s` nfdph`tmräml hfs :5 ^`pt`lefs, y G`s÷s s` nflv`rräm `l `h D`säms.

^`i÷l Nhmur`, `h ^`pt`lef 9? s` elenemräm, mh nudphers` 9? Qe`dpfs a`sa` hm julamneþl

j ulamneþl a`h @stmaf a`
Esrm`h `h =1 a` Dmyf a` =513, hf qu` lfs hh`vm mh => a` Dmyf a`h ;?=9. Mh mn`rnmrs` `h nudphede`ltf
a` åst` phmzf, aegf qu` `h ^`pt`lef 9? tmdkeål pfaräm nfd`lzmr mh nudphers` 3? Qe`dpfs, hf qu`
lfs hh`vm mh ;? a` Dmrzf a`h ;?;9.

Ftrms _rfj`näms
[enmraf Nhmur` aen` qu` hm Kekhem prfj`zmkm mhiulfs c`ncfs pr`vefs mh ^`pt`lef 9?7

@h Cfhfnmustf `l A`ut`rflfdef ;37=0-=: y G`r`däms >?7=;-=9.

Hm _red`rm Iu`rrm a`h Ifhjf _årsenf `l Esmäms =>7=-1.

Hm Iu`rrm Nfltrm `h Q`rrfresdf `l G`r`däms 0?.

Nrflfhfiäm =7 Mlt`s a`h D`säms _rälnep`
> a` J`kr`rf a`h :?3 M@N7 M hms 57=0 Crs, s` elenem `h r`elmaf a` Gfmned a` Guaí.

=3 a` @l`rf a`h :?0 M@N7 M hms =:7=3 Crs, mh nudphers` hfs >,0 Mýfs Käkhenfs a`h r`elmaf a` Gfmned,
Lmkunfaflfsfr EE a` Kmkehflem y sus `gårnetfs eleneml `h pred`r ms`aef nfltrm G`rusmhål. Nfl `stf s`
elenem `h [`elf a` hm Nmk`zm a` Frf a`h ^u`ýf a` Lmkunfaflfafr7 Kmkehflem.

=9 a` Guhef a`h :?0 M@N7 M hms =7;= Crs, mh nudphers` =3? aäms `xmntfs a`h ms`aef, Lmkunfaflfsfr EE y
sus `gårnetfs `ltrml m G`rusmhål pfr pred`rm v`z, pmrm hh`vmrs` nmuvm m su åhet`, elnhuy`laf mh
_rfj`tm Amle`h, cmstm Kmkehflem. Åstm j`ncm `s `h elenef käkhenf a`h [`elmaf a` Lmkunfaflfsfr EE.

9 a` Aene`dkr` a`h 053 M@N7 M hms =37=9 Crs, lmhezml hfs == Qe`dpfs `xmntfs a`h r`elmaf a` Gfmned
(; [ ;>7>:->9), y s` elenem `h a` Gfmquäl f G`nfläms a` Guaí.
 

=: a` Dmrzf a`h 059 M@N7 M hms ;?719 Crs, mh nudphers` =?? aäms `xmntfs a`h l a`h r`elmaf a`
Gfmned, y =? aäms a` sef, Lmkunfaflfsfr EE `ltrm m G`rusmhål, y a`seilm m ^`a`quäms nfdf [`y a`
Guaí (; Nr >:75, ; [ ;1). @dpe`zm `h nmuv`ref a`h [`y Gfmquäl y `h _rfj`tm @z`que`h. Åstm j`ncm
`xmntm `s hm ÷lenm qu` `l`l hfs cestfremafr`s s`nuhmr`s, p`rf sel hm cfrm `xmntm.

3 a` Gulef a`h 059 M@N7 M hms =7;= Crs, mh nudphers` hfs 3 Mýfs Käkhenfs `xmntfs a`h [`elmaf a`
Lmkunfaflfsfr EE, nfde`lzm `h nmuv`ref a` Gfmquäl, @z`que`h y tfaf `h såquetf r`mh a` Guaí (; [
;173).

=? a` Lfve`dkr` a`h 035 M@N7 M hms =?7>? Crs, mh nudphers` 3 mýfs, 5 d`s`s y =? aäms käkhenfs
`xmntfs a`h r`elmaf a` ^`a`quäms, s` elenem `h ÷hdf ms`aef a` Lmkunfaflfsfr EE y sus `gårnetfs
nfltrm G`rusmhål (G`r 0;712 ; [ ;07=).

;5 a` Mkreh a`h 039 M@N7 M hms :7=1 Crs, s` mkr` hm pred`rm kr`ncm `l `h durf a` G`rusmhål (G`r >57;).

> a` Dmyf a`h 039 M@N7 M hms 071: Crs, s` mkr` hm s`iulam kr`ncm `l `h durf a` G`rusmhål (G`r
0;7:).

; a` Gulef a`h 039 M@N7 M hms 07=: Crs, s` mkr` hm t`rn`rm kr`ncm `l `h durf a` G`rusmhål (; [ ;07>).

=5 a` Mifstf a`h 039 M@N7 M hms 17=3 Crs, mh nudphers` =3 mýfs, 1 d`s`s y 9 aäms käkhenfs `xmntfs a`h
r`elmaf a` Lmkunfaflfsfr, nfde`lzm hm a`strunneþl a`h Q`dphf a` G`rusmhål (; [ ;073).

;; a` Mifstf a`h 039 M@N7 M hms 17=3 Crs, mh nudphers` =3 mýfs, 1 d`s`s y =? aäms käkhenfs `xmntfs

a` hm pred`rm elvmseþl qu` aef elenef mh r`elmaf käkhenf a` Lmkunfaflfsfr EE, s` t`rdelm a` a`struer
`h Q`dphf a` G`rusmhål (G`r 0;7=;).

=; mh => a` @l`rf a`h 03: M@N7 @l hm tmra` a` åst` aäm, @z`que`h r`nek` hms prfj`näms `xpu`stms `l hfs
Nmpätuhfs >> mh >5 a` su Hekrf (@z >>7;;), qu` `dpe`zm m r`netmr cmstm hm dmýmlm seiue`lt`. M hms
=70;, aurmlt` åstm r`netmneþl, s` nudph`l =? mýfs, 5 d`s`s y 1 aäms käkhenfs nudpheafs `xmntfs a`h
nmuv`ref `l Kmkehflem. @l hm dmýmlm, mh t`rdelmr su r`netmneþl, ul juievf a` G`rusmhål hh`im m
Kmkehflem, y h` aen` m @z`que`h qu` hm neuama cm seaf a`vmstmam.

=5 a` @l`rf a`h 03: M@N7 M hms =70; Crs, mh nudphers` =0? aäms `xmntfs a`h lmh a` hm a`strunneþl a`h
Q`dphf a` G`rusmhål, lmhezml hfs == mýfs käkhenfs `xmntfs a`h r`elmaf a` ^`a`quäms.
Lmkunfaflfsfr EE a`iø`hhm m hfs cegfs a` ^`a`quäms m hm vestm a` åst`, h` smnm hfs fgfs, dmtm m sus
prelnepmh`s nfhmkfrmafr`s, y hf a`stuy` a` su r`elmaf, pmrm `lvemrhf ne`if y nmuvf m Kmkehflem, `l
afla` dfreräm, tmh nfdf cmkäm prfj`zmaf @z`que`h (; [ ;1 y ;02 @z =;7=-=>).

=0 a` Guhef a`h 0>9 M@N7 M hms 37=9 Crs, `h [`y Nerf EE, `h Irmla` a` D`af-_`rsem, s` a`nhmrm [`y a`
Kmkehflem mh nflquestmr `h Edp`ref L`fkmkehþlenf nfl hm nmpturm a` Lmkþleaf, ÷hdf [`y a`
Kmkehflem, qu` `stmkm semaf `l hm neuama a` Kfrsepm. Nfl `stf, `h Edp`ref D`af-_`rsm, mh dmlaf
a` Nerf EE, s` nflve`rt` `l `h _`ncf a` _hmtm a`h ^u`ýf a` Lmkunfaflfsfr.

=0 a` Guhef a`h 0>: M@N7 M hms ;?7;= Crs, mh nudphers` ul Mýf ^fhmr `xmntf a`sa` qu` Nerf EE s`
a`nhmrms` [`y a` Kmkehflem, y 9? mýfs käkhenfs `xmntfs a` hm pred`rm `ltrmam a` Lmkunfaflfsfr EE m
G`rusmhål, Nerf EE `det` `h `aentf pmrm qu` hfs guaäfs r`tfrl`l m G`rusmhål (@sa =7=-==).
=7=-==) .

== a` Lfve`dkr` a`h >>0 M@N7 M hms =;7>: Crs, mh nudphers` =;? aäms a` vemg` a`sa` Kmkehflem,
Wfrfkmk`h y su såquetf guaäf, hh`iml m G`rusmhål (@sa 975).

;> a` Gulef a`h 0;; M@N7 M hms 07=> Crs, du`r` `h [`y Nmdkes`s EE a` _`rsem, y ^d`raes `h Dmif, ul
jmhsf c`rdmlf, tfdm su huimr `l `h trflf.

=3 a` J`kr`rf a`h 0;= M@N7 M hms >715 Crs, mh nudphers` 9 d`s`s a` [`elmaf, Nmdkes`s EE `s
a`strflmaf pfr ul de`dkrf a` hm Jmdehem [`mh7 Amräf E, `h Irmla`.
 

=3 a` J`kr`rf a`h 0;? M@N7 M hms =719 Crs, s` elenem `h ^`iulaf Mýf ^fhmr a` Amräf.

3 a` Lfve`dkr` a`h 0;? M@N7 M hms ;=7;: Crs, mh nudphers` 9? mýfs käkhenfs `xmntfs a`sa` `h elenef
a`h ÷hdf ms`aef nfltrm G`rusmhål, hfs guaäfs pfl`l hm _e`arm Julamd`ltmh a`h ^`iulaf Q`dphf
(@sa 17;12 Wmn =7=;2 ; Nr >:7;=2 G`r ;57=?).

J`kr`rf a`h 0=0 M@N7 @h > a` Mamr a`h ^`xtf Mýf a` Amräf, t`rdelm a` nflstruers` `h ^`iulaf
Q`dphf.

1:0 M@N7 Mýf = a` Mrtmg`rg`s E Hfliädmlf a` _`rsem.

=1 a` Dmrzf a`h 110 M@N7 @l su mýf ;? a` r`elmaf, Mrtmg`rg`s `det` ul `aentf pmrm r``aenmr
G`rusmhål.

>5: M@N7 ^` nudph`l hfs pred`rfs 9 ^`pt`lefs a` hm _rfj`näm a` hfs 9? ^`pt`lefs. ^` t`rdelm a`
r`stmurmr y r``aenmr hm neuama a` G`rusmhål.

>>= M@N7 Mh`gmlarf EEE Dmilf, `h Nu`rlf Irmla` y Lftmkh` a`h Dmncf Nmkräf (Edp`ref Ire`if),
vele`laf a`h Fnnea`lt`, a`rrftm m Amräf EEE, `l hm kmtmhhm t`rr`str` a` Imuimd`hm (Al 370-9),
nflquestmlaf msä D`af-_`rsem, y nr`mlaf `h dmyfr Edp`ref a`h Dulaf Mliuf. ^` elenem `h [`elf
a`h Ze`ltr` y Dushfs a` Krfln` a`h ^u`ýf a` Lmkunfaflfafr.

=> a` Gulef a`h >;> M@N7 Mh`gmlarf EEE du`r` m sus >> mýfs, `l su dmyfr ju`rzm (Al 373,;;).

>? M@N7 @h Edp`ref [fdmlf nflquestm Ir`nem. ^` elenem `h [`elf a` hms _e`rlms a` Ce`rrf.

Nrflfhfiäm ;7 A`spuås a`h D`säms

=1 @N7 Mýf = a`h @dp`rmafr Qek`ref Nåsmr a` [fdm.

;5 @N7 Mýf =0 a` Qek`ref. Elenef a`h Dmiest`ref a` G`sunrestf.

1 a` Mkreh a`h >;7 G`s÷s vesetm m Hízmrf.

: a` Mkreh a`h >;7 Afdelif a` [mdfs. @h ^`ýfr G`s÷s `ltrm nfdf D`säms _rälnep` m G`rusmhål. ^`
nudph`l hfs pred`rfs :5 ^`pt`lefs a` hm _rfj`näm a` Amle`h.

=? a` Mkreh a`h >;7 _msnum. Hm ×hdm N`lm.

== a` Mkreh a`h >;7 G`s÷s `s nrunenmaf.

=> a` Mkreh a`h >;7 G`s÷s r`sunetm.

:>7 A`vmstmnefl`s pfr hm Iu`rrm, _mrt` =7 G`rusmhål kmgf `h Edp`ref [fdmlf.

: a` Mifstf a`h 9?7 G`rusmhål y su Q`dphf sfl a`strueafs pfr hfs rfdmlfs.

:>:7 A`vmstmnefl`s pfr hm Iu`rrm, _mrt` ;7 G`rusmhål kmgf `h pfa`r a` hfs dusuhdml`s.

=?557 A`vmstmnefl`s pfr hm Iu`rrm, _mrt` >7 G`rusmhål kmgf hfs nruzmafs rfdmlfs.

=;5=7 A`vmstmnefl`s pfr hm Iu`rrm, _mrt` 17 G`rusmhål kmgf `h pfa`r a` hfs dusuhdml`s ftrm v`z.

=0=97 A`vmstmnefl`s pfr hm Iu`rrm, _mrt` 07 G`rusmhål kmgf `h Edp`ref Qurnf Ftfdmlf.

=5=37 A`vmstmnefl`s pfr hm Iu`rrm, _mrt` :7 G`rusmhål kmgf `h Edp`ref Kretílenf.

Nrflfhfiäm >7 Hm I`l`rmneþl a` hm Ceiu`rm

 

=1 a` Dmyf a` =5137 =1 a` Dmyf a` =5137 M hms =07>; Crs, mh nudphers` ;.0;? Mýfs Käkhenfs `xmntfs
a`sa` qu` Nerf EE s` a`nhmrms` [`y a` Kmkehflem, lmhezm hm n`r`dflem a` julamneþl a`h @stmaf a`
Esrm`h (Hv ;:7=1-=3).

=513-157 A`vmstmnefl`s pfr hm Iu`rrm, _mrt` 97 G`rusmhål kmgf `h pfa`r a` hfs gframlfs (hfs a`
Mdþl, @afd y Dfmk), y Iu`rrm a` Ela`p`la`lnem esrm`hä.

;3 a` Fntukr` a` =5007 Lmn` Kehh Imt`s EEE.

=5097 ^` rdm `h Qrmtmaf a` [fdm, pmrm hm elt`irmneþl `nflþdenm a` @urfpm. I`stmneþl a`h [`elf
Jelmh.

Gulef a` =5:97 Iu`rrm a` hfs ^`es Aäms. Esrm`h r`nup`rm G`rusmhål, y hfs gframlfs a`k`l r`rmrs`2
p`rf lf t`rdelml mcä hms a`vmstmnefl`s a` hm iu`rrm pfr G`rusmhål.

=5:37 M hfs => mýfs, Kehh Imt`s ym prfirmdm nfdputmafrms.

=59>7 Iu`rrm a` Ufd Beppur. @ieptf y hms Lmnefl`s Írmk`s vml m hm iu`rrm nfltrm Esrm`h. U hu`if,
ulm Nflj`r`lnem a` _mz `l Iel`krm, qu` am elenef mh pred`rf a` duncfs _rfn`sfs a` _mz `l `h
D`aef Fre`lt`.

=5907 M hfs ;? mýfs, Kehh Imt`s y su mdeif _muh Mhh`l nr`ml hm `dpr`sm Denrfsf.

=? a` Mifstf a` =539 [enmraf Nhmur` _`ýmhfzm r`nek` `h hhmdmaf a`h ^`ýfr G`sunrestf.

Aene`dkr` a` =5397 @stmhhm hm _red`rm Eljmam f [`k`heþl _mh`slm.

Mifstf a` =55?7 @stmhhm hm _red`rm Iu`rrm a`h Ifhjf _årsenf, pr`aencm `l Esmäms =>.

=5557 @l Esrm`h, Ufs`j Qfdy Hmpea s` pr`s`ltm nfdf nmlaeamtf pr`sea`lnemh pfr `h _mraf _fhänf
^celue («Nmdkef²), nfl `h fkg`vf a` a`t`l`r hm elu`lnem a` hfs guaäfs frtfafxfs `l Esrm`h.
Mulqu` lf imlþ hms @h`nnefl`s, hh`vþ mh ^celue m su d`gfr dfd`ltf, nflseiueålafh` : pu`stfs `l `h
_mrhmd`ltf.

;5 a` J`kr`rf a`h ;???7 M hms >7=0 Crs, [enmraf Nhmur` a`spe`rtm nfl ul irml afhfr a` `stþdmif,
qu` s` h` pmsm tml r`p`llmd`lt` nfdf h` cmkäm v`leaf. Um a`sv`hmaf, pr`la` su t`h`vesfr, y s`
`lnu`ltrm `l `h Nmlmh M&@ Dulaf nfl ulm `ltr`vestm m Qfddy Hmpea, `l hm qu` åst` a`nhmrm7

«Lf qu`r`dfs fk`a`n`r h`y`s r`heiefsms `l lu`strm veam aemrem. Q`l`dfs qu` huncmr nfltrm `st`
j`lþd`lf y `xphenmr, elnhusf m `hhfs, hf `quevfnmafs qu` `stíl. Mcfrm vevedfs `l hm åpfnm a` hms

nfdputmafrms, y Aefs vev` `l mhi÷l huimr a` ^`mh` pr`pmrmlaf `h prþxedf hmlzmde`ltf a`

Denrfsf².

;3 a` ^`p`dkr` a`h ;???7 @stmhhm hm ^`iulam Eljmam.

== a` ^`p`dkr` a`h ;??=7 @stmhhm hm 'Iu`rrm Nfltrm `h Q`rrfresdf' pr`aencm `l G`r`däms 0?.

=5 a` Dmyf a`h ;??97 [enmraf Nhmur` pukhenm su fkrm «Hm D`aeam a`h Qe`dpf `l hm _rfj`näm Käkhe
Käkhenm²,
nm²,
`l afla` am m nflfn`r pfr pred`rm v`z sus níhnuhfs a` j`ncms pmrm sun`sfs a`h pmsmaf y a`h juturf
d`lneflmafs `l hm Kekhem, m pmrr a` hm j`ncm
j `ncm y cfrm `xmntm a` hm julamneþl a`h @stmaf a` Esrm`h.

Lfnc` a`h ;1 mh ;0 a` Dmyf a`h ;??97 [enmraf Nhmur` sujr` ul elt`ltf a` cfdeneaef `l ul cft`h a`
Demde, a`h numh s` smhvm irmnems m ulm r`v`hmneþl aevelm mh r`sp`ntf.

= a` Gulef a`h ;??37 Qfddy Hmpea du`r` sel hfirmr su fkg`vf prelnepmh.
 

;1 a` Fntukr` a`h ;??37 M hms :71; Crs a` Kfhevem, =; mýfs `xmntfs mlt`s a` hm elvmseþl a` G`rusmhål
pfr hms trfpms a`h Mlnrestf, [enmraf Nhmur` julam hm Neuama a` B`r`l Cmpun n`rnm a` hm neuama a`
Qupezm, `l _ftfsä (Kfhevem).

Mkreh a`h ;?=;7 Umer Hmpea, cegf a` Qfddy Hmpea, nr`m `l Esrm`h `h _mraf _fhänf U`sc Ma («Cmy
Juturf²).

Guhef a`h ;?=>7 Umer Hmpea hfirm qu` `h Ifke`rlf a` Esrm`h mpru`k` hm H`y pmrm `h meshmde`ltf a` hfs
 guaäfs frtfafxfs.

;? a` J`kr`rf a`h ;?=9, ;?;= þ ;?;07 Kehh Imt`s EEE s` nflve`rt` `l _r`sea`lt` a` @stmafs Pleafs.

Nrflfhfiäm 17 @h ^`pt`lef 9?
Qfams hms cfrms elaenmams m nfllumneþl, `s s`i÷l `h Cfrmref a` G`rusmhål.

Aäm = (=> a` Dmyf a`h ;?=9, þ ;? a` Dmrzf a`h ;?;9)7

Mh nudphers` 9? mýfs käkhenfs `xmntfs a`sa` hm julamneþl a`h @stmaf a` Esrm`h, s` rdm `l G`rusmhål
`h Qrmtmaf a` pmz y ^`iureama `ltr` Esrm`h y `h lu`vf @stmaf _mh`slf y `h r`stf a`h Dulaf Írmk`
(Al 57;92 = Q`s 07=-1), kmgf pr`seþl a` hms Lmnefl`s Pleams (Md :7=-3). ^` elenem hm nflstrunneþl a`h
Q`rn`r Q`dphf `l hm @xphmlmam Lfrt` a`h Dflt` Dfremc a` G`rusmhål. Elenef a`h ^`pt`lef 9?.

Aäm ;;? (=5 a` Aene`dkr` a`h ;?=9, þ ;: a` Fntukr` a`h ;?;9)7

Q`rdelm hm nflstrunneþl a`h Q`rn`r Q`dphf (Aml. 37=>-=12 57;9).

Aäm ;;= (;? a` Aene`dkr` a`h ;?=9, þ ;9 a` Fntukr` a`h ;?;9)7

^` elenem `h nflluf smnrenef `l `h Q`rn`r Q`dphf.

Aäm =.=03 (=1 a` Guhef a`h ;?;?, f ;= a` Dmyf a`h ;?>?)7

Mp`rturm a`h ^`xtf ^`hhf a`h Mpfnmhepses. ^` prfaun` `h Irml Q`rr`dftf a` [`surr`nneþl a`
Du`rtfs y Mrr`kmtmde`ltf a` hms _redenems (Md 37=->2 Deq 97=2 = Qs 17=>-=32 Dt ;17>;2 Mp :7=;2
=;70). Mp`rturm a`h ^åpdf ^`hhf y seh`lnef `l `h ne`hf pfr >? delutfs (Mp 37=-;). Qrms `stf, s` tfnml
hms pred`rms 1 Qrfdp`tms (Mp 37=-=>).

Aäm =.;>? (;1 a` ^`p`dkr` a`h ;?;?, þ = a` Mifstf a`h ;?>?)7

^` prfaun` hm Mkfdelmneþl A`sfhmafrm7 @h Mlnrestf prfjmlm `h Q`rn`r Q`dphf y n`sm `h nflluf

smnrenef (Dt ;17=0-;=). Lf `s Elve`rlf, self `dp`zmlaf `h Ftfýf2 y lf `s ^íkmaf, self Gu`v`s (Dt
;17=0-;=2 Al 375-=;2 5-;92 ==7>9->52 =;7==2 @z ;37=-=?2 ; Qs ;7=-12 = Gl ;7=3).

@h Mlnrestf `s smnrenmaf (@z ;37=-=?). @h A`dflef Mkmaþl suk` a`h Mkesdf (Mp 57=-==), y pfs``
su nu`rpf (Mp =>7>2 =97==). @h Armiþl a` 9 Nmk`zms r`nek` nfrmzþl a` cfdkr` (Al 971). Nfde`lzm `h
Delest`ref a` hfs Afs Q`sifs (Mp ==7=-:).

Aäm =.;>> (;9 a` ^``dkr` a`h ;?;?, þ 1 a` Mifstf a`h ;?>?)7

^` prfaun` hm Jmhsm [`surr`nneþl a`h Mlnrestf, nfl Mkmaþl a`ltrf a` su nu`rpf (Mp =>7>2 =97==).
^u c`ream dfrtmh a` nuncehhf `s smlmam (Mp =>7>,=1). Hfs nresmlfs mt`ltfs m hms s`ýmh`s kusnml
r`juief `l hms nu`vms (Mp =;7:,=1). Hm Dug`r a`h Mpfnmhepses `ltrm m hfs r`juiefs pmrm s`r sust`ltmam
pfr =.;:? aäms (Mp =;7=-=:2 >7=?2 Es =:7=9-;=).

Aäm =.;:? (;0 a` Fntukr` a`h ;?;?, þ >= a` Mifstf a`h ;?>?)7
 

@h Mlnrestf Ifi r`nek` `h Ifke`rlf Dulaemh (Mp. =97=>2 =>79). ^u pred`rm mnneþl `s elvmaer
G`rusmhål nfl trfpms duhlmneflmh`s. ^u @gårnetf a` Hmlifstms a`struy`l `h Q`rn`r Q`dphf (Al
37==2 57;92 @z >37=-=92 Mp 57=-=;2 ==7=-;2 =>7=-=?2 =973-=>).

Aäm =.1=? (;> a` Dmrzf a`h ;?;=, þ ;3 a` @l`rf a`h ;?>=)7

Q`rdelml a` fp`rmr hms trfpms a` Hmlifstms (Mp 570,=?).

Aäm ;.15? (9 a`h Dmrzf a`h ;?;1, þ =; a` @l`rf a`h ;?>1)7

Hfs Afs Q`sifs a`h Mpfnmhepses sfl ms`selmafs pfr fra`l a`h Mlnrestf. ^us nmaív`r`s sfl
`xcekeafs p÷khenmd`lt`, y hfs cmketmlt`s a` hm Qe`rrm s` mh`irml y s` elt`rnmdkeml r`imhfs (Mp ==7>-
=?2 Il 07;;-;12 ; [ ;75-=;2 Wmn 17 =->2 ==-=1).

Aäm ;.15> (=? a` Dmrzf a`h ;?;1, þ =0 a` @l`rf a`h ;?>1)7

^` prfaun` hm [`surr`nneþl a` hfs Afs Q`sifs (Mp ==7==). Plm cfrm a`spuås, s` prfaun` `h
^`iulaf Mrr`kmtmde`ltf (Mp ==7=;2 =17=1-=:2 = Nf =07;>,0=-03). ^` prfaun` ul D`imt`rr`dftf
qu` dmtm m 9.??? cfdkr`s, y a`rrudkm hm aånedm pmrt` a` G`rusmhål (Mp ==7=>).

^` a`rrmdml hms 9 Nfpms a` hm Erm sfkr` hm Qe`rrm (Mp =:). Mh a`rrmdmrs` hm ^`xtm Nfpm, hms miums a`h
[äf Åujrmt`s s` s`nml, y trfpms duhlmneflmh`s s` r`÷l`l `l `h Zmhh` a` D`iueaf, pmrm hekrmr hm
Kmtmhhm a` Mrdmi`aþl (Mp =:7=;-=:).

M hm ^åpdm Nfpm, s` prfaun` ul D`imt`rr`dftf, G`rusmhål s` mkr` `l > pmrt`s, hms neuama`s a`
hms Lmnefl`s s` a`sphfdml, y nm` ul irmlezf a` trfzfs a` ce`hf a` 1? Bis (Mp =:7=9-;=).
=:7=9- ;=). Nrestf guzim
m hfs du`rtfs `l `h Ne`hf (; Nf 07=?2 Mp ==7=0-=5), y pr`dem m sus se`rvfs `h`s (Mp ==7=3). ^`
n`h`krml hms Kfams a`h Nfra`rf (Mp =57=-=?).

Aäm ;.0;? (: a` Mkreh a`h ;?;1, þ == a` J`kr`rf a`h ;?>1)7

^` elenem hm Nmdpmým a`h Mrdmi`aþl. @stí nfd`lzmlaf hm _redmv`rm y `s Aäm a` [`pfsf. @h ^`ýfr
G`s÷s mpmr`n` `l `h Ne`hf, gultf m su @gårnetf N`h`smh. Hfs @gårnetfs a`h Dulaf, aereieafs pfr `h
Mlnrestf sfl mlequehmafs. G`s÷s a`sne`la` a`h ne`hf y pfsm sus pe`s sfkr` `h Dflt` a` hfs Fhevfs.
Pl hmif a` smlir` a` ;5: Bds» a` `xt`lseþl pfr =.3 dts a` prfjulaeama s` jfrdm `l G`rusmhål.
Nfde`lzm `h Deh`lef a` _mz (Al 57;92 Dt ;17;9-;32 Mp =17=9-;?2 =:7=:-;=2 =57==-;=2 Wmn =17>-;=2
@z >37=3-;>2 >57=-;52 ^mh =32 Nlt ;73-=12 Fs =12 Gh ;7;?->;2 >7=-;=2 Md 57=-=02 Mka =-;=2 Deq 17=-=>2
97=-;?2 Lmc =7=-=02 ;7=,;2 Cmk >7=-=52 ^fj =->2 Cmi ;7;?-;>2 Wmn 37=-;>)