Activity No.

3: Matrix of Foreign and Diplomatic Policies of Philippine President (1946-1986)

Philippine President Context of the Foreign and Insight and Analysis

Period Diplomatic Policy
Manuel Roxas New Republic - Philippine The aftermath of World War
after World War II Trade Act of II greatly affected the
1946 transition into the newly
- Philippine independent republic. Despite
Rehabilitation the administration's efforts for
Act of 1946 the country's reconstruction
and economic recovery
through the enactment of the
Philippine Trade Act and the
Philippine Rehabilitation Act,
the public was strongly
against it as certain provisions
violated the Constitution. The
inclusion of equal rights
provision in the Philippine
Trade Act could lead to
imperialistic exploitation,
which compromises the
sovereignty of the Philippines.
Elpidio Quirino Rise of the - Reparations The insurgency driven by the
Hukbalahap Agreement formation of the Hukbalahap
movement between Japan was one of the challenges
and Philippines faced by this administration.
As the government tried to
negotiate peace and end
insurgency within the country,
it also took a step towards
resolving the dispute between
Japan and the Philippines by
granting amnesty to Japanese
prisoners of war. This
agreement can be seen as a
way to restore the diplomatic
relationship with Japan
through reparations, material
restitution, the right to claim
war damages, and, ultimately,
the need for a Pacific Union
with Japan.
Ramon Magsaysay End of - Manila Pact of As the insurgency came to an
Hukbalahap 1954 end, policies regarding
movement - Laurel-Langley international diplomacy,
 Agreement defense, and trade were
established. The Manila Pact
of 1954 created the Southeast
Asian Treaty Organization
(SEATO), which aimed to
prevent communism within
the region. It was supposed to
be a form of collective
defense but did not
completely translate its
function as it had no joint
command or standing forces.
With regards to international
trade, the Laurel-Langley
agreement brought a
preferential trade system that
provided us the right to
impose quotas in non-quota
articles and export taxes with
the United States and other
countries. This favorable
adjustment was a step towards
improving our economic
relations with these countries.
Carlos Garcia Continuing the - Filipino First The establishment of the
legacy of the Policy Filipino First Policy was one
Magsaysay - Bohlen- of the administration's efforts
administration Serrano to focus on economic
agreement of independence from foreign
1959 interests. Foreign countries
viewed this as an anti-foreign
policy, but it benefitted
Filipino businesses and
encouraged patronizing local
products and services. It also
provided an ownership
threshold for foreign investors
interested in creating and
investing in businesses in the
country. Another achievement
of this regime was the
Bohlen-Serrano agreement of
1959, which shortened the
lease term of the US military
bases in the country to 25
years.
Diosdado Macapagal Foreign exchange - Manila Accord Through the Manila Accord
controls were of 1963 of 1963, the Philippines
lifted strengthened its foreign
relations, particularly its
regional diplomacy, by
becoming a founding member
of a regional organization of
Malay states. The
establishment of this
agreement aimed to solve
national and regional issues of
Asian nations. It was a step
towards intensifying our
fraternal ties with these
neighboring countries and
providing a channel where we
can exchange views regarding
problems concerning stability,
security, economic
development, and social
progress.
Ferdinand Marcos End of the third - Manila As the host country of the
republic and the Summit Manila Summit held in 1966,
start of dictatorial the conference provided an
regime avenue for countries to
resolve the Vietnam War,
pursue the restoration of
peace, and promote economic
stability and development in
the Asia-Pacific region. It also
allowed the participating
countries to consult policies in
accordance with their
respective constitutional
processes.

Reference:
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/third-republic/