Final Paper

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CEP20 CIVIL ENGINEERING CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT

AY 2022 - 2023
PROJECT TITLE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
___ June 2023
Prepared by
Grandis Hic Corp.
Supervised by
Engr. Lailanie L. Luna
Engr. SiddArtha B. Valle
Project Title: Hotel, Resort and Casino at Batangas City
Project Proponent: Grandis Hic Corp.
Project Location: Brgy. Banaba South, Batangas City 4200
Name CE Specialization Responsibilities
• Structural Analysis
Structural • Sanitary and Plumbing Plan
1. Abante, Erick M.
• Location and Vicinity Map
• Structural Plan
Structural • Architectural Plan
2. Alonzo, Bryan G.
• Parking Area Layout
• Structural Plan
• Structural Analysis
Structural
3. Africa, Mikka Joy D. • Architectural Plan
• Load Analysis
• Safety Management
Construction
4. Bendaňa, Einard Josiah M. • Bills of Material
• Cost Estimate
5. Caniaberal, Vienna Claressa Kaye G. Construction
• Bills of Material
• Cost Estimate
6. De Guzman, Gianelle D. Construction
• Schedule of Workloads
• Nodal Diagram
7. Diňa, Vaughn Drexler R. Construction • Parking Area Layout
• Structural Plan
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• Load Analysis
8. Porcioncula, Jacqueline A. Structural • Structural Analysis
• Electrical Layout
• Cost Estimate
9. Reyes, Precious Irish P. Construction
• Man Power Cost Analysis
• Site Management
10. Rosales, Judeth G. Construction
• Electrical Layout
• Site Documentation
11. Serrano, Princess Nicole B. Construction • Man Power Cost Analysis
• Site Inspection Data
• Bills of Materials
12. Rey, Vincent John P. Construction • Environmental Management
• Schedule of Workloads
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, the researcher, realized that this project is a blessing in our college lives. This led us to
have an opportunity to excel, to collaborate, to share and to have new companions in the
last years in school. That is why, we, the researchers acknowledge the goodness and mercy
of God in our lives as a student. We offer this all achievements to his name alone.
The success to this capstone project would not be possible without the guidance of our
teachers. We want to thank their willingness to share their knowledge towards us. We also
want to recognize their eagerness to answer our queries, to correct our mistakes and to
improve each one of us.
We also appreciate the trust that Engr. Earl John Villamora, our client, gave to us. We
know that we are still not engineers in papers but you treat each one of us as one. The
researchers want to express gratitude for all the help and ideas you have shared to develop
this project in the best way possible.
We extend this appreciation to people help us through, first to the DMB Building
owner, Mr. Demetrio M. Brucal, the Brgy. Chairman of Banaba South and to the
PDRRMO, we cannot express our gratitude by words, but we, the researchers want to say
that you are a vital part of the success we have now.
And at last, we want to thank our family and friends for all the cheers and encouragements
we received along the process. Truly, you were our refuge in the times of hardships. We
will always look up to these moments and excited to pass it forward.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Hotel and resort industry brings significant change to local communities. This kind
of venture is a cornerstone for local economic activity, providing increased tax revenue,
capital investment, tourism-related development and promotion, civic leadership, charitable
contributions and sponsorship. Hotels together with the casino are extraordinary job creators
in communities all across the nation. In addition to offering numerous entry-level positions,
hotels also provide stepping stones for employees to quickly move up within the organization
as well as improve their standard of living and take things forward to a whole new extent.
The construction of the Hotel, Resort, and Casino in Batangas City aim to develop a
vital role for sustainable tourism. The Hotel, Resort, and Casino is lodging facility in the
Brgy, Banaba South, Batangas City. It is located along the Diversion Road in Batangas City
which is an accessible road for the guests. The condition of the exact location of the Hotel,
Resort, and Casino is rampant with variety of trees and bushes and needs to be cleared once
the construction has started. The partial measurement for the construction is said to be having
a total lot area of 5000 square meter.
The proposed project idea for the development of Hotel, Resort, and Casino is to
establish a multi-functional infrastructure that will become one of the most significant
contributions in the vicinity and the country. A Hotel that cannot only be used for lodging
but an infrastructure that can also serve as a sustainable and economic facet to the
community. The researchers aim to design an exquisite infrastructure that will be built with
stability, a biomimicry structure that will imitate nature through its design, with the
application of permeable pavement at its surroundings, and
introduce Augmented Reality to help people visualize what the structure will be after
construction.
Upon establishing the proposal, the researchers focused on the architectural ideas that
could meet the client’s expectations. The researchers shall consider the following objectives:
(1) To boost and uplift local tourism and economy in Batangas City, specifically in Brgy.
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Banaba South, and arrange an elevated caliber of services suitable for individuals striving for
relaxing, snug and indelible experiences in the hospitality and tourism industry. (2) To bring
forth exquisite facilities and amenities in the market while imparting a good locale to work
for its employees and a levelheaded return for the investments and underwriting by its owners
and stakeholders. (3) To captivate new guests and retaining them to keep coming back by
providing supplementary attractions such as upscale restaurants, shops, clubs, and more. (4)
To dispense a variety of opportunities that compass the entire gamut of the hospitality
discipline, along with other business opportunities. (5) To produce explorations and
reminiscence that would satisfy each investor, patron and clientele alike. (6) To appraise
topical cultural, economic, and social matters in question affecting the tourism, travel, and
energy industry.
The project's proponent weighs all pertinent data and assesses the project's
noteworthy advancements in the field of architectural design and planning. The researchers
conceptualize and integrate all of the limits and data related to the hotel, resort, and casino,
as well as its facilities, as an important part of the project proposal. In the primer phase of the
plan cycle which means to create sensible and promising design(s) as per different plan
arrangements, the specialists separated this stage into two sets which are profoundly
connected with the entirety of the construction: (1) Quantitative design requirements
pertaining to its engineering aspect and functionality, which are measured and evaluated
based on numerical data; and 2) Qualitative design requirements pertaining to humanity
(culture, psychology, and politics) and aesthetics, which are still difficult to efficiently assess
its satisfaction through numerical data; however, the researchers typically assess this
requirement based on visual investigations, by knowledge, and experience.
There was only one safety and serviceability criterion employed by the researchers.
The researchers' structure should have a demand that is at least equal to or lower than its
capacity. The foundation design of the construction created by the researchers is a crucial
element in economic gain.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROJECT PROPONENTS……………..……………………………….………………….. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………………... iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …………………………………………….…………….. ……v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………… vii
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………..……... ix
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………….…………..… x
CHAPTERS PAGE
I.INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND........................................................................................................... 2
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 Project Locale ......................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2 Proposed Development ........................................................................................... 7
1.3 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 9
1.4 SCOPE OF WORK ..................................................................................................... 10
1.4.1 Inception Report ................................................................................................... 10
1.4.2 Report on Preliminary Design .............................................................................. 10
1.4.3 Report on Detailed Design ................................................................................... 11
1.5 STANDARDS AND CODES ..................................................................................... 11
II. SITE ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................... 14
2.1. TOPOGRAPHICAL .............................................................................................. 14
2.2. GEOTECHNICAL ................................................................................................. 16
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 16
2.2.2 FIELD TEST ........................................................................................................ 17
2.2.3 LABORATORY TEST ........................................................................................ 18
2.2.4 GENERAL GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY.............................................. 20
2.2.5 SUBSOIL CONDITION ...................................................................................... 21
2.2.6 DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. 22
2.2.7 LIMITATIONS .................................................................................................... 27
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2.2. HYDROLOGICAL ................................................................................................ 27
2.3. HAZARD AND RISK ........................................................................................... 29
2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL ............................................................................................. 33
2.5. TRAFFIC ............................................................................................................... 60
III. DESIGN ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................ 62
3.1. PROJECT CONSTRAINTS .................................................................................. 62
3.1.1. Economic ........................................................................................................ 62
3.1.2. Environmental ................................................................................................. 63
3.1.3. Health and Safety ............................................................................................ 63
3.1.4. Legal ............................................................................................................... 64
3.1.5. Operational...................................................................................................... 70
3.1.6. Political ........................................................................................................... 71
3.1.7. Social and Cultural.......................................................................................... 72
3.1.8. Manufacturability............................................................................................ 73
3.1.9. Sustainability .................................................................................................. 74
3.2. DESIGN ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................. 76
3.2.1 Design Alternative One ........................................................................................ 76
3.2.2 Design Alternative Two ....................................................................................... 80
3.3 SELECTION CRITERIA AND DECISION MAKING ............................................. 85
3.3.1 General Criteria .................................................................................................... 85
3.3.2 Selection Criteria .................................................................................................. 86
3.3.3 Decision Making .................................................................................................. 86
IV. PROJECT DESIGN ..................................................................................................... 88
4.1. SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN ............................................................................. 88
4.2. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ............................................................................... 89
V. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................... 101
5.1 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (for Proposal & Final).......................... 101
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................. 104
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... 107
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1.1 Geology Map 5
2.1 Layout Plan 15
2.2 Topographic Map 16
2.3 Geology Map 20
2.4 Standard Penetration Test Index 21
2.5 Allowable Bearing Capacity Controlled 23
2.6 Allowable Bearing Capacity for 25 mm Settlement 24
Footing Depth
2.7 Active Faults and Liquefaction Susceptibility Map 26
of Region IV-A
2.8 Risk, Hazard, and Vulnerability Map 28
2.9 Multi-Hazard Map 30
3.1 Flowchart for Processing and Approval of Private Land 66
Timber Permit
4.1 Vicinity Map and Site Development Plan 88
5.1 Work Breakdown Structure 101
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
2.1 Slope and Land Area Percentage Distribution 15
2.2 Consistency Classification for Fine-Grained Soils 18
2.3 Consistency Classification for Coarse-Grained Soils 18
2.4 Estimated Settlement for Foundation 23
2.5 Allowable Bearing Capacity for Settlement Footing Depth 25
2.6 Estimated Modulus of Subgrade Reaction 25
2.7 Seismic Hazard Assessment 31
2.8 Volcanic Hazard Assessment 31
2.9 Hydro-meteorological Hazard Assessment 32
2.10 Nearest Critical Facilities 33
2.11 Geographic coordinates of the project area 36
2.12 Project Components 37
2.13 Utilities/Requirements 37
2.14 Energy/Water Efficiency 38
2.15 Manpower 39
2.16 Environmental Impacts and Management Plan 41
2.17 Road Classification by Surface pavement (in kilometer) 61
Batangas City
3.1 Proposed Beam Dimensions for Design Alternative One 76
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TABLE PAGE
3.2 Minimum Depth of Non-Prestressed Beams 77
3.3 Proposed Column Dimensions for Design Alternative 77
One
3.4 Beam Design for Alternative One 78
3.5 Column Design for Alternative One 80
3.6 Proposed Beam Dimensions for Design Alternative 81
Two
3.7 Minimum Depth of Non-Prestressed Beams 81
3.8 Proposed Column Dimensions for Design Alternative 82
Two
3.9 Beam Design for Alternative Two 83
3.10 Column Design for Alternative Two 84
4.1 Doors Schedule 95
4.2 Windows Schedule 99
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Engineering plays a crucial part in every structure, every product, every system we
use in our daily life. Bridges, cars, phones, computers, aircraft are all designed and produced
by engineers. Mankind has always strived to build. Construction flows in our blood and aches
in our bones. There is something inside of us that propels us to construct new structures, to
manipulate the lands around us, to reach towards the sky, and to make our homes better,
bigger, our buildings beautiful, intricate, more functional. One of the amazing works and
achievements of human hard work and intelligence is the Resort and Casino Hotel. The
Chalfonte House was built in 1868 and is now known as Resorts Casino Hotel. Despite the
fact that the Resorts Casino Hotel was established in 1978, the structure in which it is housed
is much older. Thanks to the success of Resorts Casino, the industry of New Jersey is now
filled with excellent casinos, NJ live casino options, as well as many other great options for
gaming. Hotels are definitely one of the fastest-growing sectors in the tourism sector and it
is the main source as accommodation is the key part and important aspect in the development
of any country. Tourism and the hotel industry always go hand in hand and nowadays there
are a lot of hotels available which adds more value and choices for travelers to choose as per
the choice within the region. The presence of a hotel isn’t ample to sole-handedly uplift a
region’s tourism but they also give out a sign of health tourism. (Hotelier Life, 2020)
During the 20th century, resort casino hotels have become the best way to get relaxed.
Casinos are also built for a similar purpose. Various games are available in casinos, where
people can play whichever, they want and win exciting awards and bonuses. The casinos are
stress busters for some people, and it is a profit-making place for others. They get to learn
different strategies from different players. A Resort Hotel is a full-service lodging facility,
intended primarily for vacationers and usually located in places frequented for relaxation or
recreation, such as beaches, scenic or historic areas, ski parks, spas.
Batangas City is a coastal component city in the province of Batangas. It serves as

the provincial capital. It has a land area of 282.96 sq.km (109.25 sq.mi) which constitutes
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9.08% of Batangas’s total area. Its population as determined by the 2020 census was 351,
437 and comprises 105 barangays. This represented 12.08% of the total population of the
CALABARZON region. The construction of the Hotel, Resort and Casino in Banaba South,
Batangas City is part of the project infrastructure for building the project entitled “Hotel,
Resort and Casino at Batangas City ''. Engr. Earl John C. Villamora was the client for this
project, the proposed project is planned to build through its intended budget. The construction
of the Hotel, Casino and Resort at Batangas City was a project to be built in hopes of having
the first ever hotel resort with a casino in Batangas City. This hotel, resort and casino was
open for all and meant to be used particularly for entertainment and business purposes.
The existing area for the project for the “Hotel, Resort and Casino at Batangas City”
consists of a 6-storey building with a basement parking and a viewing deck with bar lounge.
The first floor consists of the casino and restaurants. The second floor where the luxury brand
stores and amenities are located. The rest of the floor was to be built for the presidential suite
and regular rooms. The intended lot area for the construction of the hotel, resort and casino
is 5000 sq.m with the floor area of 2150 sq.m. Its specific location is currently barely green
and full of trees and is to be cleared once construction starts. Perimeter roads are constructed
to access the resort, casino and hotel exact location. The proposed project design for the
development of the hotel, resort and casino is to establish a functional and creative
infrastructure that will become one of the most significant contributions in the vicinity and
the country. A hotel, resort and casino that cannot only be used for entertainment but to
provide a temporary lodging provided in an on-premises hotel. Since the casino and hotel are
located on the same premises, almost all the necessities can be provided for in one location.
This capstone research project proposed a development and management plan for
hotel, resort and casino which can provide a long-term establishment in Batangas City and
to the surrounding area community. We, the researchers, consider all the relevant information
and assess the project’s significant development within the area of architectural design and
planning. As a significant component of the project proposal, the researchers conceptualize
and integrate all of the boundaries and data associated with the hotel, resort and casino.
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1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 Project Locale

PROJECT: 6-STOREY HOTEL, RESORT AND CASINO
LOCATION: Banaba South, Batangas City, 4200
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA:
For the construction of the Hotel, Resort and Casino, the client has provided a total
lot area of 5,000 square meters. The clear lot area is offered by Engr. Earl John Villamora,
the private manager of the property. The project is specifically located at Banaba South,
Batangas City along Diversion Road.
1.2.1.1 Site Geology

Batangas City, the capital of Batangas Province has a total land area of more or less
28,541.44 hectares. It is about 108.00 kilometers away from Manila and has an average travel
time of approximately one hour forty-five minutes through the Southern Tagalog Arterial
Road (STAR) tollway and the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX). According to the 2020
census, by the Philippine Statistics Authority, it has a population of 351,437inhabitants.
1.2.1.2 Geography
Total Land Area: 28,541.44 hectares
Number of Political Subdivisions: 105 barangays
Coordinates: 13°45'18.91"N, 120°3'32.76"E
Population: Rate as of 2008 census: 135, 237
Adjacent Places/Boundaries:
North – Municipality of San Jose
Northwest – Municipality of San Pascual
East – Municipalities Ibaan, Taysan, Lobo
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South – Batangas Bay
Figure 1.1 Geology Map
1.2.1.3 Topography, Slope and Elevation

The City’s northern area is predominantly flat with slopes ranging from 0% to 8%.
The westernmost boundary of the city including some portions of barangays Sorosoro Ibaba
and Tingga Itaas, have slopers of over 50%.
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Unlike the northern area, the southern area’s terrain can be characterized as very steep
terrain. A small portion on the western side – barangays Malitam, Libjo, Tabangao
Ambulong and Pinamucan Ibaba where the industrial plants are mostly located, have
relatively flat lands. Towards the southeast, elevations increase, and slopes get steeper
especially in barangay Simlong, Malibayo, San Miguel, Sto. Niño, Cumba, Talumpok
Silangan, Talumpok Kanluran, Sto. Domingo, Talahib Payapa and a portion of San Jose Sico.
The highest elevation is Mt. Banoy in barangay Talumpok Silangan, which is approximately
968 meters above sea level (masl).
Accounting for 35.49% of the total land area, the predominant slope category of the
City is 8% - 15%, which can be described as “undulating” to “rolling”. Relatively flat areas
comprise 23.69% of the total land area, while steep areas account to 34.20%. Overall, the
City is characterizes with a well-spread terrain of various categories, which gives rise to both
opportunities and disadvantages alike.
1.2.1.4 Climate Condition

Batangas City is generally coolest during the months of December to January with
temperature ranging from 22ºC to 26ºC. The mean temperature rises and attains a maximum
of 36 degrees Celsius (36ºC) in April and May. The month of September marks the steady
fall of temperature.
1.2.1.5 Mineral Resources

Several mineral resources can be found in the city and some of the deposits have not yet been
extracted. Traces of metallic mineral like gold and non-metallic mineral like gypsum are
being detected in the mountainous area of barangays Sto. Domingo and Cumba.
Salt beds originally existed abundantly in barangays Sta. Clara and Malitam but rapid
urbanization and the expansion/development of the Batangas Port likewise resulted to the
end of this industry.
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1.2.1.6 Land Use
The land use of the city has considerably changed from 1946 to 1981 from a major
agricultural use to a rapidly developing major urban center and from 1981 up to the present
to a major urban commercial and industrial center.
1.2.1.7 Water Resources

Batangas City is traversed by numerous creeks and streams that converge at the
Calumpang River which in turn flows into the Batangas Bay.
Calumpang River is a perennial body of water with a catchment area of approximately

472.00 square kilometers. The river serves as the southeastern boundary of the Poblacion and
it flows into the Batangas Bay at a point approximately two kilometers south of Batangas
Port. It has an appropriate length of eight (8) kilometers and average width of 54-165 meters
and average depth of 0.27-5.37 meters.
1.2.2 Proposed Development
The researchers have decided to pursue the six-storey hotel, resort, and casino project to help
develop the vicinity and stimulate the province's economy considering that the project will
encourage many people to visit the area as it will be the first hotel and resort to having a
casino in the province. Hence, the researchers recommend the following major development
in the project:
A. Structure must be architecturally strong.
Architecture is the design of buildings and structures with an emphasis on aesthetics.

Architectural engineering combines building design and aesthetics with a focus on
sustainable construction and functionality. A sustainable project has many benefits and
allows Civil Engineers to take responsibility to make sure that what they build and design is
not only functional but is both aesthetically pleasing and environmentally friendly. Civil
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engineers are required to design and build a project that looks aesthetically pleasing. This is
very important for the client as we must ensure that we attract the people to visit the structure.
If we could choose the most important factor contributing to guest satisfaction in the
hospitality field, it would be hotel architecture and design. The layout and design of your
hotel tell a story and completely defines the visitors’ experience during their stay. Proper
luxury hotel architecture and design take into consideration all aspects of the guest’s stay, -
not only physical but also emotional. The ultimate goal of the hotel’s exterior and interior
design should be to create unique and unforgettable experiences for the traveler.
Since the hotel also includes a casino, a huge amount of funding and research has been spent
by casinos to manipulate every aspect of a person’s gambling experience because of its
financial potential. The architecture of the casinos plays a very important role in psychology
to lure the gamblers.
B. Introduction to Building Automation System
To design efficiently and effectively, very detailed energy studies are being executed
first to design systems for maximum design efficiency, since kilowatt-hour storage is still
very expensive. A fine line of efficiency standards requires dispatching local generation for
small periods to meet small annual seasonal peaks. Building automation systems (BAS) are
being designed to go beyond redundant controls to include sensitive algorithmic controls that
are regenerated constantly by real-time weather information.
Building automation uses sensors and controls to monitor and adjust a building's three
types of utilities: electricity, heating and air-conditioning, and water and sewer. The BAS
provides a user interface that allows the end user to adjust the control settings, view the
system status, and detect any potential issues related to building system performance.
A smart building automation system can leverage data that it collects to help reduce
costs. For example, it can help reduce the use of electric lighting by adjusting shades to let
in more natural light. Such lighting management has been proven to lower power usage
dramatically. Smart building data can be used, for example, to detect changes in occupancy
density. The building's HVAC systems then appropriately adjust airflow, humidity, and
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temperature. Also, lighting color could change to indicate too many people in a conference
room, workspace, or building when the space's occupancy exceeds density thresholds.
Building data can also support automated scheduling, from parking-space allocation to
workspace assignment to conference room reservation.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
The proposed Hotel, Casino and Resort in Brgy. Banaba South, Batangas City pursues the
following:
1. Boost and uplift local tourism and economy in Batangas City, specifically in Brgy. Banaba
South, and arrange an elevated caliber of services suitable for individuals striving for
relaxing, snug and indelible experiences in the hospitality and tourism industry.
2. Bring forth exquisite facilities and amenities in the market while imparting a good locale
to work for its employees and a levelheaded return for the investments and underwriting by
its owners and stakeholders.
3. Captivate new guests and retaining them to keep coming back by providing supplementary
attractions such as upscale restaurants, shops, clubs, and more.
4. Dispense a variety of opportunities that compass the entire gamut of the hospitality
discipline, along with other business opportunities.
5. Produce explorations and reminiscence that would satisfy each investor, patron and
clientele alike.
6. Appraise topical cultural, economic, and social matters in question affecting the tourism,
travel, and energy industry.
The Capstone research team aims to accomplish the following:
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1. Delineate and invent a high-quality multi-purpose building in terms of architectural design
and structural integrity, that can cater the needs of different sections of industries that can
sustain for a very long time, with respect to the National Building Code of the Philippines
and the National Structural Code of the Philippines.
2. Design a structure and estimate billings, scheduling, and appropriate budget with the help
of various applicable software and operating systems, such as STAAD and Primavera.
1.4 SCOPE OF WORK

Example: “The project’s main focus is the treatment design of the anaerobic digestion tank
and its associates like the leachate recirculation system and gas holders. The appropriate CHP
and flare unit sizes were found but the design of such units is out of the project’s scope.”
This Capstone Research Project focuses on the design and estimate of constructing a Hotel,
Resort and Casino in Banaba South, Batangas City. It all contains the scope of the project, as
well as the plan, management, methodology, and any work-in-progress reports.
1.4.1 Inception Report

a. First, the team shall recognize all the possible hindrances and concerns with the
project’s relation.
b. In constructing a hotel, the project team should provide the methodology and
working plan.
c. A progress report should also be included with every task completed in order to
determine how effectively the project is doing.
d. Each task should be equally divided among the project team members.
1.4.2 Report on Preliminary Design

a. Develop a feasible scheme for the construction of the Hotel, Resort and Casino. It
should consider the design, cost, and safety.
b. The design scheme shall satisfy the clients' requirements as a whole.
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c. On preliminary design to be submitted must include the following details.
o The background of the study, the objectives, and scope;

o Architectural and structural plan;
o Proposed project scheduling;
o Cost estimate of the project;
o Specific details such as the location of the project, lot area, agenda;
o Listed of tasks among all the members of the project.
d. Showing the drawings or sketches of the preliminary design of the Hotel, Resort
and Casino includes general layout and structural plans.
1.4.3 Report on Detailed Design
a. Prepare the detailed design report, and it shall include the following:
o The abstract or summary of the project;

o A general description of proposed works and constructions;
o Design criteria, standard codes, safety, and design schedule;
o The general layout of the hotel;
o Structural design calculations for structural elements;
o General cost estimation and construction program;
o Specific details such as the location of the project, lot area, agenda;
o Listed of tasks among all the members of the project
1.5 STANDARDS AND CODES

The Project's explicit goal and design specifications shall refer to as criteria, including such
latest and applicable codes, standards, amendment, and references, which include, but not be
restricted to, the following:
a. American Concrete Institute (ACI) Publication:
• ACI 318-19 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary;
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• ACI 318.2-19 Building Code Requirements for Concrete Thin Shells and
Commentary;
• ACI 315 Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcements;
• ACI 301.84 Specification for Structural Concrete for Building;
• ACI 530 Building Code Requirements for Specification for Masonry, Structures and
Companion Commentaries;
• ACI 350 Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures
(ACI 350-20) and Commentary (ACI 350R-20);
• ACI 224 Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures;
• ACI 550-18 Code Requirements for Design of Precast Concrete Diaphragms for
Earthquake Motion (ACI 550.5) and Commentary (ACI 550.5R);
• ACI 355.2-22 Post-Installed Mechanical Requirements and Commentary;
• ACI 216.1-14(19) Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete
and Masonry Construction Assemblies;
• ACI 550.7-19 Requirements for Design of a Special Unbonded Post-Tensioned
Precast Shear Wall Satisfying (ACI 550.6) and Commentary;
• ACI PRC 446.1-19 Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Concepts, Models and
Determination of Material Properties (Reapproved 1999);
• ACI PRC 349.2-07(20) Guide to the Concrete Capacity Design (CCD) Method –
Embedment Design Examples (Reapproved 2020);
• ACI PRC 132-14 Guide for Responsibility in Concrete Construction;
• ACI PRC 440-07 Report on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforced for
Concrete Structures;
• ACI PRC 445-99 Recent Approaches to Shear Design of Structural Concrete
(Reapproved 2015).
b. American Standard and Testing Materials (ASTM) International
ASTM Standards in Building Code, ASTM International
c. National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015, Association of Structural Engineers of

the Philippines, Inc (ASEP).
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d. Philippine Electrical Code 2009, Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the
Philippines (IIEE).
e. Presidential Decree (P.D) No. 1096, National Building Code of the Philippines,
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).
f. Presidential Decree (P.D) No. 1185, Fire Code of the Philippines, Bureau of Fire Protection
(BFP).
g. Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines, National Master Plumbers

Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP).
h. Republic Act (R.A) No. 1378, Plumbing Law of the Philippines, Senates and House of
Representatives of the Philippine Congress.
i. Steel Construction Manual, American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC).
j. Uniform Building Code 1997, Structural/Engineering Design Provisions.
13
CHAPTER 2
SITE ASSESSMENT
2.1. TOPOGRAPHICAL
The City of Batangas is a coastal city lying in a cove like shape at the southeastern
portion of Batangas Province and geographically situated at coordinates 13 degrees, 45
minutes and 25.96 seconds north latitude and 121 degrees, 3 minutes and 29.2 seconds east
longitude (13°45'18.91", 120°3'32.76''). It is bounded on the northwest by the municipality
of San Pascual; on the north by the municipality of San Jose; on the east by the municipalities
of Ibaan, Taysan and Lobo; and on the south by the Batangas Bay. Batangas City, the capital
of Batangas Province has a total land area of more or less 28,541.44 hectares. It is about
108.00 kilometers away from Manila and has an average travel time of approximately one
hour forty-five minutes through the Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR) tollway and the
South Luzon Expressway (SLEX).
The City’s northern area is predominantly flat with slopes ranging from 0% to 8%.
The westernmost boundary of the city, including some portions of barangays Sorosoro Ibaba
and Tingga Itaas, have slopers of over 50%. Unlike the northern area, the southern area’s
terrain can be characterized as very steep terrain. A small portion on the western side –
barangays Malitam, Libjo, Tabangao Ambulong and Pinamucan Ibaba where the industrial
plants are mostly located, have relatively flat lands. Towards the southeast, elevations
increase, and slopes get steeper especially in barangay Simlong, Malibayo, San Miguel, Sto.
Niño, Cumba, Talumpok Silangan, Talumpok Kanluran, Sto. Domingo, Talahib Payapa and
a portion of San Jose Sico. The highest elevation is Mt. Banoy in barangay Talumpok
Silangan, which is approximately 968 meters above sea level (masl).
Accounting for 35.49% of the total land area, the predominant slope category of the
City is 8% - 15%, which can be described as “undulating” to “rolling”. Relatively flat areas
comprise 23.69% of the total land area, while steep areas account to 34.20%. Overall, the
14
City is characterized with a well-spread terrain of various categories, which gives rise to both
opportunities and disadvantages alike.
Slope Category Land Area (has) % of Total
Main River 122.29 0.43%
0% – 3% 2,253.39 7.90%
3% - 8% 4,505.76 15.79%
8% - 15% 10,127.99 35.49%
15% - 25% 1,772.42 6.21%
25% - 50% 3,609.32 12.65%
Above 50% 6,150.27 21.55%
TOTAL 28,541.44 100.00%
Table 2.1 Slope and Land Area Percentage Distribution
The intended lot area for the construction of the hotel, resort and casino is 5000 sq.m with
the floor area of 2,150 sq.m. Its specific location is currently barely green and full of trees
and is to be cleared once construction starts.
Figure 2.1 Layout Plan
15
The existing area for the project for the “Hotel, Resort and Casino at Batangas City”
consists of a 6-storey building with a basement parking and a viewing deck with bar lounge.
The first floor consists of the casino and restaurants. The second floor where the luxury brand
stores and amenities are located. The rest of the floor was to be built for the presidential suite
and regular rooms.
Figure 2.2 Topographic Map
Batangas is a combination of plains and mountains, including one of the world's

smallest volcanoes, Mt. Taal, with an elevation of 600 meters (2,000 ft), located in the middle
of the Taal Lake. Other important peaks are Mount Macolod with an elevation of 830 meters
(2,720 ft), Mt. Banoy with 960 meters (3,150 ft), Mt. Talamitam with 700 meters (2,300 ft),
Mt. Pico de Loro with 664 meters (2,178 ft), Mt. Batulao with 693 meters (2,274 ft), Mt.
Manabo with 830 meters (2,720 ft), and Mt. Daguldol with 672 meters (2,205 ft).
2.2. GEOTECHNICAL
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
This data contains an outline of field and laboratory methods involving both simple
and complex techniques that were accomplished for site characterization that is
16
necessary to formulate a geotechnical study for the engineering design of the
proposed type of project.
This includes evaluation of the site for idealized condition and its implications with
physical and engineering realities that are influential in the proper selection and
construction of any foundations/substructures in the area.
2.2.2 FIELD TEST

2.2.2.1 Drilling in Soils
The boring was accomplished using a rotary-drilling rig. In between sampling

sections, the hole was advanced using the rotary wash method. Standard Penetration
Test (SPT) is carried out by using a standard split-spoon sampler, mounted on a drive
rod of sufficient strength to prevent whipping from blows delivered by 140-pound
(63.5 kg) hammer free-falling from a height of 30 in. (76 cm). The value of N is
reported as the resistance to penetration. It is the number of blows required to drive
the tube to the last 300 mm (12 in) of penetration distance.
After the sample and tube are brought to the surface and separated, the sample is
removed from the tube and properly preserved and sealed using a moisture-tight
plastic bag for further testing in the laboratory.
Correlation of SPT data with other soil parameters has been developed for estimates
of the stiffness of soil and is a very useful supplementary classification as shown in
the tables below:
CONSISTENCY CLASSIFICATION FOR FINE-GRAINED SOILS
(Terzaghi, Peck & Meari, 1996 & U.S. Navy, 1982)
Classification SPT, N Undrained Shear Strength, Su

(kPa)
Very Soft <2 <12
17
Soft 2-4 12-25
Medium 4-8 25-50
Stiff 8-15 50-100
Hard 15-30 100-200
Very Hard >30 >200
Table 2.2 Consistency Classification for Fine-Grained Soils
CONSISTENCY CLASSIFICATION FOR COARSE-GRAINED SOILS
(Terzaghi, Peck & Mesri, 1996 & Laube and Whitman, 1969)
Classification SPT, N Relative Density, Dr

(%)
Very Loose <4 0-15
Loose 4-10 15-35
Medium Dense 10-30 36-65
Dense 30-50 65-85
Very dense >50 85-100
Table 2.3 Consistency Classification for Coarse-Grained Soils
2.2.3 LABORATORY TEST

Selected soil samples were subjected to the following specific tests.
18
2.2.3.1 Soil Particle Size Analysis (ASTM D422, ASTM D1140)
The size and quantity of individual particles found in particular soil indicate the soil's
performance characteristics. The percentage by weight of the material passing
through each succession sieve is recorded.
2.2.3.2 The Atterberg Limits (ASTM D4318)
The liquid limit and the plastic limit tests define the upper and lower moisture content
points at which a particular soil ceases to perform as a plastic. The use of this test is
restricted to cohesive soils.
2.2.3.3 Moisture Content of Soils (ASTM D2216, ASTM D4959)
It is based on the weight of the water in the soil. This indicates the imperative behavior
of different soil types at various levels of moisture.
2.2.3.4 Standard Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (ASTM-

D2487, ASTM D3282)
Based on the results of visual observations and prescribed laboratory tests, the soil is
cataloged according to the basic soil groups, assigned a group symbol(s) and name,
and thereby classified. This standard classifies soils from any geographic location
into categories representing the results of prescribed laboratory tests to determine the
particle-size characteristics, the liquid limit, and the plasticity index.
The various groupings of the classification system have been devised to correlate in
a general way with the engineering behavior of soils.
19
2.2.4 GENERAL GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY
Batangas City is the capital city of the

province of Batangas.
Southwest Luzon is predominantly a

volcanic region. The oldest extrusive
rock is the San Juan Metavolcanics and
Metasediments, exposed mainly in the
Central and southern parts of San Juan,
Figure 2.3 Geology Map Batangas. Corby et al gave the name
Taal Tuff to the quaternary ash deposits that cover the Batangas plain. The Taysan
Tuff of Avila is included in this formation. The volcanic surrounds Taal Volcano,
Mts. Makiling, Banahao and San Cristobal. Recent alluvium consists of
unconsolidated to poorly consolidated gravel, sand, and clay deposited along the
coastal areas and floodplains of large streams.
Lake Taal, a freshwater lake in the Province of Batangas is a volcano-tectonic

depression with an approximate area of 300 km², formed by numerous explosions,
collapse craters, and a system of tectonic grabens. Base surges and pyroclastic flows
of the caldera eruptions spread over an area of more than 2000 km²; crossing the 640
m high Tagaytay ridge towards Manila Bay to the north; flowing southward to
Balayan and Batangas bays; depositing up to 300 m of pyroclastics to the east in the
Mt. Makiling - Mt. Malepunyo - San Pablo area.
Northeast of Taal Volcano is Laguna de Bay, the largest volcano-tectonic depression

in this region formed by caldera eruptions and extension tectonics. To the west and
south of the lake are the volcanic and pyroclastic deposits of the Taal - Banahaw area.
20
2.2.5 SUBSOIL CONDITION
Based on the two soil borings conducted at the site, intermixing materials comprising
of silt, sand and fractional clay (MH, ML, SM) exhibiting low to medium to some nil
plasticity are overlying the area for at least 2m to 4m depth along locations of BH-1
and BH-2. The subsequent formation is mainly silty sand (SM) exhibiting nil
plasticity.
A standard penetration test is showing medium-dense to very dense silty sand and
stiff to very stiff silty soils for the upper 4m depth having SPT N-values ranging from
10 to 50.
Figure 2.4 Standard Penetration Test Index
Dense to very dense silty sand extends subsequently through 7.5m levels as implied
by SPT N-values 232 with intervening SPT refusal at nearly 4.85m depth along the
location of BH-1. Consistently very dense condition has been observed beyond 7.5m
depth.
21
Static water levels were encountered, varying from -2.00m to -2.50m depth along
boreholes at the time of observation.
2.2.6 DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
2.2.6.1 Structural Foundation
The use of a shallow foundation for the intended four-level building structure
is permissible along the area. The foundation level shall be located preferably
≥2.0m depth.
Foundation may consist of spread footings preferably integrated with a strap

or tie-beam for resisting differential settlement risk noting some variability in
resistance for the upper influencing soils.
2.2.6.2 Bearing Capacity and Settlement for Shallow Footing Location
The allowable or safe bearing resistance is based on shear failure control

taking into consideration the groundwater level along the area. The general
equation is usually based on Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory and modified
according to the bearing capacity factors of Meyerhof (1953 and 1963). The
shape factor and groundwater level factor are adopted from AASHTO (1996).
The correlation of values, normally based on SPT resistance conducted was

estimated based on different authors for determining the effect of pore
pressure, overburden pressure, and shear strength resistance of the underlying
soil materials.
The effect of footing width on bearing capacity and settlement is shown

conceptually in the figure. For narrow footing widths, the allowable bearing
22
capacity is controlled by shear-failure considerations, but as footing width
increases, the allowable bearing capacity is limited by the settlement potential
of the soils supporting the footing.
Considerations versus Settlement Considerations
Figure 2.5 Allowable Bearing Capacity Controlled by Shear Failure
For shallow foundations, the compressibility and settlement under foundation

loads not exceeding 150 kPa on the indicated footing levels have the following
estimated settlement for foundation models having dimensions between 2m
to 6m widths.
Foundation Level Foundation Load, Estimated Settlement,
kPa mm
≥2.0m 150 16 to 24
≥3.0m 150 11 to 19
Table 2.4 Estimated Settlement for Foundation
23
The soil bearing resistance shall be in proportion with the load-settlement
condition for design requirements.
Figure 2.6 Allowable Bearing Capacity for 25 mm Settlement Footing Depth
Under shear failure and load-settlement criteria, the recommended allowable bearing
capacity for the general conditions is intended to provide a sufficient margin of safety
concerning bearing failures and deformation/settlement.
24
FOOTING DEPTH, M ALLOWABLE BEARING
CAPACITY
≥1.5 120 kPa (2520 psf)
≥2.0 140 kPa (2940 psf)
≥3.0 170 kPa (3570 psf)
≥4.0 200 kPa (4200 psf)
≥5.0 240 kPa (5040 psf)
Table 2.5 Allowable Bearing Capacity for Settlement Footing Depth
For the supporting soils in one area, the estimated modulus of subgrade reactions, (k) arises
as follows,
Soil Depth Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k),
kN/m³
Above 4m 15 000
>4m 35 000
Table 2.6 Estimated Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
2.2.6.3 Seismic Considerations
The area is categorized as under Seismic Zone 4 with Seismic Source Type
A as influenced by the Central Mindoro Fault and Lubang Fault in the
southern area (Mindoro) and tail-ends of Valley Fault and Infanta Fault
Sytems in the northwest and northeast proximity. The site has a specific Soil
Profile Type, Sp having Near- Source Factor values of N-1.0 and N-1.0.
25
Seismic Relative to Site Location
Figure 2.7 Active Faults and Liquefaction Susceptibility Map of Region IV-A
26
2.2.7 LIMITATIONS
Limitations must be acknowledged, and the results analyzed in conjunction with the
geological information for this specific area of concern. Furthermore, practical
observations of the subsoil should be made during the construction of every structure
in the area.
2.2. HYDROLOGICAL
Hydrology is the analysis of water cycling through various reservoirs on Earth. This
even pertains to the cycling of liquids on some other planets, such as hydrocarbons.
Hydrology is concerned with the distribution of water with in subsurface, surface, and
atmosphere, along with its chemistry and the impacts of climate on the hydrological cycle.
Climate variability and climate change have emerged as critical issues for the research
community as a result of the significant impacts of hydrological hazards on water resources,
natural environments, and human activities, together with human health and safety. Indeed,
a warmer climate with increased climate variability increases the risk of hydrological severe
phenomena such as droughts and floods. The Special Issue "Hydrological Hazard: Analysis
and Prevention" provides a collection of scientific contributions that exemplify a sampling
of the most recent and cutting-edge research in this field (Caloiero, 2018). The major aspects
and practice objectives addressed by the papers published in this Special Issue were
innovative modeling methods for flood hazards, regional flood and drought analysis, and the
use of satellite and climate data for drought analysis. Flooding is perhaps most common along
the coastal plain or near rivers/lakes/streams. It occurs whenever there is heavy rainfall that
causes rivers or streams to overflow with their normal capacity, or when there are extremely
high river or coastal tides that cause the level to rise or surge. Abundance rainwater cannot
be contained by normal boundaries including a river embankment or man-made levees and
flows in the direction of least resistance. Water, on the other hand, has a direct or indirect
influence on our daily lives through its use for domestic and drinking purposes, agriculture,
industry, hydropower, navigation, recreation, ecosystem management, and much more.
Climate change and human activities exacerbate the complexity of hydrology. Dams, water
intakes, urbanization, and other anthropogenic sources alter the hydrological regime,
necessitating, but proving difficult, adaptation of water management practices and water
27
sharing agreements. Furthermore, water stakeholder groups are often very diverse, and
providers of hydrological services and related products are frequently fragmented and
uncoordinated, impeding service delivery reliability. Poor water governance or strategic
planning can result in socioeconomic and environmental crises. There are numerous
conflicting or competing uses for water among individuals, countries sharing river basins, or
generations - generally for groundwater with a slow equivalent.
Various creeks and streams run through Batangas City, eventually converging at the
Calumpang River, which flows into Batangas Bay. The Calumpang River is a longstanding
body of water with such a catchment area of 472.00 square kilometers. The river forms the
Poblacion's southeastern boundary and flows into Batangas Bay approximately two (2)
kilometers south of Batangas Port. It is eight (8) kilometers long, with an average width of
54-165 meters and a depth of 0.27-5.37 meters (Bats. City Executive Summary, 2019). The
city experiences a noticeable optimum rain period during the months of June, July, August,
and September, when the southwest monsoon flow is the strongest and the average monthly
rainfall is 275 mm. Rainfall is heaviest in September and July of each year. The primary,
secondary, and tertiary municipal water, which include the Calumpang River and Batangas
Bay, play an important role in inherently draining excess water from Batangas' fields and
urban areas.
Figure 2.8 Risk, Hazard, and Vulnerability Map
28
Hazard maps are developed to rationalize the areas that are affected by or vulnerable
to a particular hazard. They are typically made for natural hazards such as earthquakes,
flooding, landslides, and liquefaction. Moreover, on this illustration is shown the risk, hazard,
and vulnerability map of Brgy. Banaba South, Batangas City, from the City Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Office (CDRRM). The project is located in the south, close to
the area where flooding is occurring. The Barangay Considerations Map indicates that
flooding occurs here during storm surges, although it quickly subsides.
2.3. HAZARD AND RISK

Batangas is a province in the southern part of Luzon, the main island of the northern
Philippines. It is the fourth richest province and the ninth most populous in the Philippines.
Batangas, the capital of Batangas province, is a major seaport, second to Manila among the
ports on Luzon, and a gateway to the rest of the archipelago.
Batangas is a province in Luzon along the western seaboard of the Philippines, which
is constrained by the opposing movements of the Philippine Sea Plate from the east and the
Eurasian Plate from the west. Over the past few years, Batangas has experienced positive
economic growth as seen with the rise of many facilities and infrastructure. It has also
become a well-known tourist destination with beach resorts as its main attraction. Its vicinity
is surrounded by several seismic sources (Lubang Fault, Valley Fault System, etc.), and its
coastal region is directly above some of the deeper portions of the Manila Trench.
Furthermore, the need for industries and investors, eyeing opportunities in the coastal region
of Batangas, to make informed plans and decisions is paramount to mitigate the risks brought
about by earthquakes, thus reducing casualties, injuries, and property damage. (Selda,2021)
29
Figure 2.9 Multi-Hazard Map
The Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office provided a website

containing the data for hazard assessment in a specific location. The tables presented below
are the hazard assessment for the exact location of the project, Banaba South, Batangas City.
Nearest Active Fault Approximately 25.2 km northeast of

the Lubang Fault
Ground Rupture Safe
Ground Shaking Prone
30
Earthquake-Induced Data are being updated
Landslide
Liquefaction Safe
Tsunami Safe
Table 2.7 Seismic Hazard Assessment
Considering that our country is lying in the Pacific ring of fire and Philippines having
five active faults as of now, it is important to bear in mind what are the nearest fault lines
near the project is. This Lubang Fault will be a major threat when the time comes not only
for the structure but also its inhabitants. Lubang fault or the Lubang-Verde Passage Fault
System is located offshore between Batangas peninsula and Mindoro Island, which is
according to the table roughly 25.2 km southwest of the project site. This fault system
undergoes on a strike-slip fault or sometimes called Transcurrent fault are vertical fractures
where the blocks have typically moved horizontally.
Nearest Active Approximately 25.6 km south of Taal

Volcano
Nearest Potentially Approximately 50.5 km southwest of

Active Volcano San Cristobal; No immediate volcanic
hazard threat
Permanent Danger Outside

Zone
Ballistic Projectiles Safe
Base Surge Safe
Volcanic Tsunami Safe
Ashfall Prone
31
Nearest Inactive Approximately 12.4 km south of Bigain
Volcano hill; No immediate volcanic hazard
threat
Table 2.8 Volcanic Hazard Assessment
The nearest active volcano from the project is the Taal volcano. With the data presented on
the table, there will be no evident impact to the project, but as we all know volcanic activities
might cause movement and affect Lubang Fault since it is near the volcano. But all in all, ash
falls might be the possible debris we can experience from the Taal Volcano if it will erect in
some time.
Flood (MGB) Moderate Susceptibility; 0.5 to 1 meter

flood height and/or 1 to 3 days flooding
Strom Surge Data are being updated

(PAGASA)
Severe Wind 117.1 - 220 kph (20-year return period);

(PAGASA) 117.1 - 220 kph (500-year return
period)
Table 2.9 Hydro-Meteorological Hazard Assessment
According to Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), the site location has a moderate
susceptibility from flood. Areas likely to experience flood heights of 0.5 to 1 meter and/or
flood duration of 1 to 3 days. These areas are subject to widespread inundation during
prolonged and extensive heavy rainfall or extreme weather condition. When it comes to storm
surge, the data are still being updated by the PAGASA. The location of the project will most
like to experience severe wind of 117.1 - 220 kph (20-year return period); 117.1 - 220 kph
(500-year return period) which will be considered in the design loading of the project.
32
Nearest Critical Facilities
Nearest Public Banaba South Es (397 m)

Elementary School
Nearest Public Batangas Province High School for

Secondary School Culture And Arts (1.4 km)
Nearest Government Banaba South Health Center (673 m)

Health Facility
Nearest Private Health United Doctors Of St. Camillus De

Facility Lellis Hospital (1.5 km)
Nearest Primary Road Manila-Batangas Rd; Batangas (fifth

Network District) (1.2 km)
Nearest Secondary Batangas Port Diversion Rd; Batangas

Road Network (fifth District) (168 m)
Table 2.10 Nearest Critical Facilities
Critical facilities mean facilities that are vital to public health and safety, including
police stations, fire and rescue facilities, hospitals, shelters, schools, nursing homes, water
supply and waste treatment facilities. The data presented above are the nearest critical
facilities within the project location.
2.4. ENVIRONMENTAL
GENERIC INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) Checklist Report
for 6 – Storey Hotel, Resort and Casino at Banaba South, Batangas City
This Generic IEE Checklist Report shall be used as the interim pro-forma EIA Report
requirement for projects to be located within Environmentally Critical Areas
33
(ECA) where a customized IEE Checklist Report Form has not yet been developed
but are required IEE Checklist Report Form or IEE Report per existing guidelines
For ECC applications, this IEE Checklist Report shall be submitted with:
• Proof of Compatibility with the existing Land Use Plan
• Proof of Authority over the Project Site
• Accountability Statements of Proponent (see attached form) and the Preparer (if any,
following Annexes 2-22 of Revised Procedural Manual for DAO 2003-30)
• Photographs or plates/vicinity map of the project site showing impact areas and
affected areas and communities
• Duly Accomplished Project Environmental Monitoring & Audit Prioritization

Scheme (PEMAPS) Questionnaire (see Annex 2-7d of Revised Procedural Manual for
DAO 2003-30)
(No other documents shall be required as pre-requisite to ECC applications per DENR
MC 2010-14)
Read the questions carefully and write the required information on the blank spaces
provided or otherwise check () the appropriate boxes □ or parenthesis ( ). Boxes with
check marks () are automatically required. Use additional sheets if necessary and
indicate this in the appropriate space.
Project proponents are strongly discouraged to engage the services of

consultants/facilitators/preparers to accomplish/fill-up the IEE Checklist
Report Form. The Report Forms have been designed to be user-friendly.
34
Furthermore, EMB Regional Office is required to complete the processing
of an ECC application using the IEE Checklist Report within twenty (20)
working days upon receipt for completed/duly-accomplished form.
Misleading or erroneous answers are basis for legal actions and/or denial of ECC
issuance.
Project Fact Sheet
Project Name: 6 – STOREY HOTEL, RESORT AND CASINO
Project Location: BANABA SOUTH, BATANGAS CITY, 4200
Total Project Land 5000 sq. m.

Area:
Total Project/Building 2150 sq. m.

Footprint Area
(Area actually utilized)
Project Proponent: GRANDIS HIC CORP.
UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS, HILLTOP,

KUMINTANG IBABA, BATANGAS CITY, 4200
Office Address:
Contact Person: PRINCESS NICOLE B. SERRANO
Designation: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TEAM HEAD
Contact Number/s
Landline : N/A
Fax Number: N/A
Mobile : 09165782339
E-mail Address: serrano.nicoleprincess@gmail.com
35
2.4.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.4.1.1 PROJECT LOCATION AND AREA: Banaba South, Batangas City, Batangas
The project is specifically located at Brgy. Banaba South, Batangas City along
Diversion Road.
See attached vicinity map/s and photographs of the project site and site development/layout
plan.
Geographic coordinates of the project area (Preferably use WGS 84 datum, otherwise specify
datum used).
Perimeter/Boundary
points (based on Longitude Latitude
OCT/TCT/etc)
Table 2.11 Geographic coordinates of the project area
2.4.1.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS
Specification/
Area (sq. m.)
Facilities No. of Units Description /
/ Capacity
Remarks
Support Facilities (e.g.
emergency generators, boilers,
etc.)
36
Specification/
Area (sq. m.)
Facilities No. of Units Description /
/ Capacity
Remarks
Admin support (e.g., canteen,
office, clinic, quarters, etc.)
Water source / supply
Waste water management
Facility
Solid waste management facility
Drainage system
Table 2.12 Project Components
2.4.1.3 UTILITIES/REQUIREMENTS (Operation Phase):
Utilities Source Estimated Demand/Consumption

Power/Electricity
Meralco ≤ 400 kWh
(Total)
Power/Electricity
(From Renewable Energy N/A kWh
Sources)
Water
(Total)
Primewater
≤ 100 Cubic meters/day
(Fill-up table below if Batangas City
water is not obtained from
the local water utility)
Water
(Rainwater Collection N/A Cubic meters/day
System)
Table 2.13 Utilities/Requirements
37
Water Source
[ ] ground water [ ] well [ ] spring [ ] others:
____________________________
[ ] Surface water [ ] river [ ] lake [ ] others:

____________________________
Location of water source

PRIMEWATER, NAT. HIGHWAY, ALANGILAN, BATANGAS CITY,
BATANGAS, REGION 4A
(Sitio/Zone, Barangay, Municipality/City, Province,
Region)
Energy/Water Efficiency
Utilities Estimated Savings Proposed Efficiency/Conservation

Measures
Power/Electricity KWh
N/A
Water Cubic meters/day

N/A
Table 2.14 Energy/Water Efficiency
38
2.4.1.4 MANPOWER
a. Construction Phase
Manpower Expertise/Skills Total

Requirement
General Manager Responsible for overseeing all 1
aspects of a construction project
Project Estimator Draws up and determines the 1
overall costs of a new or existing
construction project
HR and Admin Responsible for on-boarding, 4
employee benefits, compliance,
payroll, training, certification,
and off-boarding
Site Engineer Lead and supervise daily 5
construction activity and
progress of project
Structural Engineer Concerned with designing and 4
constructing structures that are
safe and capable of withstanding
the elements
Architect Create designs, alterations, and 1
redevelopments of construction
projects
Mechanical / HVAC Responsible for the design of 1
Engineer heating, cooling, and ventilation
systems of the project
Master Plumber Designs and creates plumbing 1
system plans
Electrical Engineer Develops in-depth knowledge of 1
the contractual requirements
regarding the electrical layout
and safety
Safety Officer Implements safety policies and 1
regulations in a construction site
Foreman Key tasks include scheduling, 5
monitoring progress, and quality
control
39
Laborer Perform necessary tasks during 70
the construction
Electrical Technicians Work with building contractors 10
to assemble, evaluate, and test
electrical systems of a project
Carpenters Responsible for all carpentry 6
works during the construction
particularly with the wood works
Pipe-fitters / Plumbers Responsible for laying and 7
interconnecting of pipe lines
Steel fabricators Responsible for all steel works 9
during the construction
Mason Responsible for all the masonry 10
works involved during the
construction phase
Welder Responsible for performing 20
fabrication works for the project
Equipment Operator Operates construction, 20
excavation, hauling, and
maintenance equipment
including backhoes, cranes,
tractors, trucks, and bulldozers
b. Operation Phase
Manpower Expertise/Skills Total

Requirement
Maintenance Foreman Responsible for overseeing and 1
carrying out job orders for
maintenance work
Maintenance Specialist Perform a variety of skilled 10
work in maintenance and repair
of constructed buildings
Table 2.15 Manpower
2.4.1.5 INDICATIVE PROJECT COST
Project Cost (PhP): ____________
40
2.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
Possible Environmental/ Baseline Environment Preventive/ Mitigating Monitoring Cost of

Social Impacts Measures Parameters/ Mitigation/
Implementation Monitoring
LAND
41
 Consistency with land Current land use w/in 1km  See attached proof of
use radius (as per zoning compatibility with
ordinance): land use
 Residential
 Commercial/ Institutional
 Industrial
 Agricultural/ Recreational
 Protected Areas
 Others, specify
___________________
Actual land uses w/in 1km

radius:
 Residential
 Commercial/ Institutional
 Industrial
 Agricultural/ Recreational
 Protected Areas
 Others, specify
___________________
42

 Disturbance to wildlife Existing vegetation in the area:  Compliance with  Annual  Cost
due to vegetation conditions of
 Forestland inspection of integrated in
clearing DENR/LGU SLUP,
 Marshland Tree Cutting Permit, area replanted/ the
ROW, PCA Permit
 Grassland revegetated construction
 Limit land clearing as
 Mangrove much as possible
/operation cost
 Wetland  Provide temporary

 Others, specify fencing for vegetation
____________________ that will be retained
 Promote restoration of
damaged or destroyed
vegetation where
possible (e.g., tree
planting);
 Change in surface Slope:  Provide erosion  Regular  Slope/ Erosion
landform/ topography/  flat (0-3%) control and slope
inspection of Control Cost:
terrain/slope protection measures
 gently sloping to rolling slope protection ___________
(3-18%)  Designate a Spoils
Storage Area, with measures in
 Soil Erosion
 steep (>18%) topsoil set aside for
43

later use and allow erosion-prone
maximum re-use of  Others,
areas
spoils specify
 Construction during  Regular ____________
dry season
inspection for
 Stabilization of new eroded areas
embankment with
grasses or other soil near the site
cover
 Others, specify
 Others, specify
Is the project site located in an ____________ ___________
area identified by MGB/PAG-
ASA/ PHIVOLCS as hazard
prone?  Compliance with the
 Yes DENR Administrative
Order No. 2003-30
 No and DENR
Administrative Order
No. 2000-28,
Implementing
Guidelines on
Engineering
44

Geological and Geo-
hazard Assessment
(EGGA).
 Soil/Land contamination Existing soil type in the area:  Implementation of the  Daily inspection  Cost
due to improper solid Ecological Solid
waste disposal
 sandy
Waste Management
of integrated in
 clay Plan (ESWMP) waste/recycling the
 sandy-loam  Set-up temporary bins for construction
fence around the
 Others, specify construction area
segregation /operation cost
Loam  Daily inspection
 Implement re-use and
recycling of waste for presence of
materials
mixed garbage in
 Implement proper
segregation, collection the facility
and disposal of
domestic wastes in  Weekly
designated areas inspection of
 Provide receptacles /
bins for solid wastes
45

waste
 Coordinate with the
municipal / city waste accumulated
collectors
 Others, specify
 Engage third party
company for waste _____________
collection
 Others, specify
________________
 Impairment of visual Presence of visually  Implement  Regular  Cost

aesthetics significant landscaping and other
landforms/landscape/structures inspection of integrated in
beautification
 Devaluation of land ? measures landscaping and the
values
 Yes  Provide adequate other construction/
 No buffer beautification operation cost
 Compensate adjacent activities
property owners
 Others, specify
________________
46

 Regular
monitoring of
buffer zones
 Regularly
monitor
presence/absence
of complaints
from adjacent
property owners
WATER
 Increased siltation due to Specify nearest/receiving  Set-up proper and Regular (ocular)  Cost
project activities water body: adequate sanitary inspection of: integrated in
________________________ facilities
 Water quality ____ the
degradation  Strictly require the  Drainage / canal
contractor and its construction/
 Others, specify
Distance to nearest/receiving workers to observe
systems
operation cost
___________________ water body:
47

proper waste disposal
 0 to less than 0.5 km and proper sanitation  Water treatment
 0.5 to 1 km  Strictly observe
facility (i.e.,
 More than 1 km proper waste handling grease trap,
and disposal
septic tank, etc.)
 Provision of
If nearest/receiving water
wastewater treatment
body is fresh water, specify
facility (e.g. septic
classification: Quarterly monitoring
tank, oil and water
 AA separator, etc.) of the following:
 A  Set up silt trap/stilling
ponds to minimize  pH
 B downstream siltation
  TSS
C  Provision of three-
concentration
 D chambered septic tank
for domestic sewage
 BOD
 Provide ring canals
around fuelling tanks/
motorpool/
 Total Coliform
maintenance areas
 Color
 Others, specify
48

___________  Oil and Grease

If nearest/receiving water
body is coastal or marine
water, specify classification:
 SA
 SB
 SC
 SD
Current Water Use:

 Fishery
 Tourist Zone / Park
 Recreational
 Industrial
 Agricultural
49

Distance of project area to the

nearest well used:
 0 to less than 0.5 km
 0.5 to 1 km
 More than 1 km
Use of the nearest well:

 Drinking/Domestic
 Industrial
 Agricultural
 Competition in water Size of population using  Implement rainwater  Regularly  Cost

use receiving surface water: harvesting and similar monitor integrated in
 measures as an
 Depletion of water ≤ 1,000 persons
alternative source of the
resources  >1,000 and ≤ 5,000persons water
50

presence/absence construction/
 >5,000person  Observe water
conservation of complaints operation cost
measures;
Available/nearest water  Regular
source.  Careful selection of
project site to avoid coordination
 Deepwell disruption of with concerned
traditional water uses
 Water district/LGU agencies
 Surface water
 Obtain Water Permit
from NWRB  Regularly
 Others, specify
 Improve efficiency of monitor
________________________ water supply and
distribution system occurrences of
 Others, specify water shortages
_____________________  Others, specify
____________
51

 Increased occurrence of Is the project site located in an  Use appropriate  Regularly  Cost
flooding area identified by MGB/PAG- design for project
ASA as flood prone? monitor integrated in
facilities
presence/absence the
 Yes  Implement
appropriate drainage of complaints construction/
 No
system
operation cost
 Regular
 Regularly remove
debris and other coordination
materials that may
with concerned
obstruct water flow
agencies
 Use appropriate
technology (e.g.  Regularly
raised hand-pumps) to
protect drinking water monitor
from flood increased
contamination
frequency of
 Others, specify
flooding
_____________________
 Others, specify
52

_________________
AIR / NOISE
53

 Air quality degradation Distance to nearest  Properly operate and  Regularly  Cost
community: maintain all emission
monitor integrated in
sources (e.g. vehicles,
pumps, generator, etc) presence/absence the
 0.5 to 1 km
 Install when of complaints construction/
 More than 1 km applicable, the operation cost
appropriate air
pollution control
device/s Regular (ocular)
 Strictly enforce good inspection of:

housekeeping
practices  Absence of white
 Control vehicle speed or black smoke

to lessen suspension from vehicles,
of road dust
heavy equipment
 Conduct water
spraying to suppress and generator
dust sources and
minimize discomfort  Presence of truck
to nearby residents cover during
deliveries
54

 Use covered vehicles

to deliver materials
that may generate dust
 Other, specify
__________________
_
 Nuisance due to noise Distance to nearest  Properly operate and  Regularly  Cost
generation community: maintain all noise
monitor integrated in
sources (e.g. vehicles,
pumps, generator, etc) presence/absence the
 0.5 to 1 km  Install when of complaints construction/
 More than 1 km applicable, the
operation cost
appropriate noise
55

control device/s (e.g.,
mufflers, silencer,  Regular
sound barriers, etc.) monitoring of
 Implement buffer zones
appropriate operating
hours
 Provide adequate
buffer and/or planting
of trees
 Others, specify
__________________
____
PEOPLE
 Displacement of Size of population of host  Provide  Regularly  Cost
residents in the project barangay: relocation/disturbance monitor integrated in
site and within its compensation
vicinity  ≤ 1,000 persons packages the
56

presence/absence construction/
 Displacement of  >1,000 and ≤ 5,000persons  Prioritize local
Indigenous People residents for of complaints operation cost
 >5,000person employment
 Enhanced employment  Regular
and/or livelihood  Promptly pay local
opportunities Classification of host taxes and other coordination
barangay: financial obligations
 Reduced employment with LGU
and/or livelihood  Urban  Regular coordination
opportunities  Rural
with LGU  Others, specify
 Increased revenues for  Prior consultation & ______________
LGU coordination to
Available services within/near minimize disruption ___
 Disruption/Competition the host barangay: on daily domestic
in delivery of public activities & respect for
services (e.g., education,  Schools (e.g. elementary,
high school, college) IP rights and cultural
peace and order, etc.) practices
  Health facilities (e.g.,
Enhanced delivery of
clinics, hospitals, etc.)  Ensure participation of
public services (e.g., IPs in consultations
education, peace and  Peace and order (e.g., and dialogues
order, etc.) police outpost, brgy.
Tanod, etc.)  Provide appropriate
traffic/warning signs,
lighting, etc
57

 Increase in traffic  Recreation and sports  Others, specify

volume and worsening facilities ________________
of traffic flow
 Others, specify
_____________________
 Impacts on community  Regular coordination  Presence/Absenc  Cost

health and safety with LGU
e of complaints integrated in
 Others, specify  Provide appropriate the
warning signs,  Regular
_______________ construction/
lighting and coordination
barricades, whenever operation cost
practicable with LGU
 Observe proper  Regular
housekeeping
submission of
 Provide on-site
medical services for reports to
any emergency. concerned
 Participate in public agency
awareness programs
on health and safety
58

 Others, specify
 Implement
______________
appropriate safety
programs for both ___
community and
workers
 Strictly comply with
fire, safety and similar
regulatory
requirements
 Strictly comply with
requirements of RA
6969
 Others, specify
__________________
____
Table 2.16 Environmental Impacts and Management Plan
59
2.5. TRAFFIC
Traffic Management is the process of adjusting or adapting the use of an existing road
system to meet specified objectives without resorting to substantial new road construction
(“Urban Traffic Management”, n.d.). Traffic Management had pillars that help for the
solution of traffic problems that road users encountered day by day which comprised traffic
enforcement traffic education, traffic engineering, traffic ecology/ environment and traffic
economy. It is a term that represents the actions, taken by a highway transportation
organization to enhance for both service providers and customers of transportation services,
the efficacy, efficiency and safety of the road system ( Sigua, 2019).
Additionally, it applies to any organizations in charge of determining the needs for

traffic flow, including planning, finance, building and/or upkeep of public facilities for such
movement. It also refers to any organization in charge of granting permission, authorizing,
limiting, halting, prohibiting, or regulating how these facilities are used. (De Castro
et.al,2011). In the Philippines, most of the Barangay’s roads are unpaved village- access
roads built in the past by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), but
responsibility for maintaining these roads have now been devolved to the Local Government
Units (LGU’s). However, after having constructed a vast network of roads. Large portions
of the nation’s road system are still in the good conditions. Just 20% of the whole road
network is in the good shape. Another issue with traffic is traffic congestion and other
associated issues resulting from continuing road network and accidents.
The traffic volume of the section of Banaba South in Batangas City is extremely high
compared to the sections outside Batangas City. Traffic volume Study can be termed
as traffic flow survey or simply the traffic survey. It is defined as the procedure to determine
mainly volume of traffic moving on the roads at a particular section during a particular time.
According to Civil.com, Transportation Engineering, there are so many ways of conducting
Traffic Survey/ Methods of Traffic Volume Study, first is by Toll Plaza Ticketing,
Registration Offices, Statistical Approach, By Interviewing, By Check posts, and Modern
Global Positioning System. Traffic Survey is very important to be performed because it can
increase the efficiency and life of roads, reduces traffic volume at a particular section, provide
60
better means for development of infrastructures, provide better means to utilize other roads
in case of special events in the city, and lastly is to provide estimate of no vehicle against no
of persons. Thus, traffic survey is very important for development of better infrastructure to
the cities and finally to the country.
In the project site located in Banaba South, Batangas City, there are so many accesses
when it comes to transportation and roadways. The site is very near in National High Way,
so there is no problem with that, in case that there's a need in heavy equipment in the
construction. Trucks, bulldozers can be entered in the site.
IMPORTANCE OF ROADS, BRIDGES AND FLYOVER AS MEANS OF

TRANSPORTATION
The length of all the city's highways as of CY 2020 is roughly 566.53 km. comprised
of 77.31 kms. of national roads, 30.54 kms. of city roads and 458.68 kms. of barangay
roads. The inventory (Table 8.1) showed that the total lengths of asphalt paved roads are
155.11 kms. concrete paved roads are 343.16 kms. while gravel roads are 33.41 kms and the
unpaved road totaled to 34.85 kms. Banaba South Batangas City’s national road is now under
DPWH, Batangas 5th District Engineering Office, RBIA 2021 explaining the decrease in the
inventory. Still the record indicated that there is an increase in the length of barangay roads
in the city as compared to the year 2019 which is 451.81 kilometers.
Type National City Barangay Total
Asphalt 57.34 16.52 81.52 155.11
Concrete 19.97 14.02 309.17 343.41
Gravel - - 33.41 33.41
Other (Earth
- - 34.85 34.85
Road/Unpaved)
Total 77.31 30.54 458.68 566.53
Table 2.17 Road Classification By Surface pavement (in kilometer) Batangas City
61
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
3.1. PROJECT CONSTRAINTS
3.1.1. Economic
The costs involved with the development process, such as the design, production, and
maintenance of the project, are among the principal economic demands. The overall
economic impact of the result, such as how it will increase revenues or provide savings to
the user, may also be considered as short budget.
The designers of the hotel, resort, and casino carefully consider financial issues like
the project budget and resource distribution. Moreover, lack of budget would not be able to
be effectively achieve the proposed objectives and goals regarding quality measures
and productivity. Therefore, the allocation of money within the budget is entirely dependent
on the progress of the project. (Complete Controller, 2021)
The project's performance and progress will suffer if the funds are not distributed
properly, which could also cost the organization money. The planned project's budget raises
questions about whether it will cover the essential expenses, particularly the materials and
equipment required to complete the project successfully. Additionally, the concept of the
overall budget is only one aspect of the economic limitation; the cash flow via the so-called
supply chain is also a worry. The client or organization must have the funds available to pay
for the completed tasks, and payments must be made according to the terms of the contract
in order for the stadium construction to move forward. Lack of cash flow is really one of the
main causes of bankruptcy in the construction industry, and having to find new suppliers,
subcontractors, or contractors in the middle of a project may cause significant delays and
higher costs.
62
3.1.2. Environmental
The primary concern of the project is the location’s ecology. Since the locale is filled
with trees and fauna, it created a sense of duty for us to think and create an alternative solution
in order to conserve the natural resources of the terrestrial environment and reduce the
amount of carbon footprints generated during, and after the construction phase. Providing
and patronizing non-toxic and innocuous materials can help eradicate hazardous waste during
the construction phase. In order to improve on this statement, a waste disposal plan should
be created right from the start, with concerns about how waste generation should be tackled
on project phases and waste handling. Additionally, allocating time for source separation
should always be done on-site.
Water management issues should also be addressed before the construction phase and
on-site. It should be considered that the ramifications of climate change can provide altered
precipitation and runoff on reliability of water supply and related abiding conservation
measures. Also, providing an attenuation system and/or a high-quality sewer and drainage
system could help negate the issues of flooding and aquaplaning on the project, and its nearby
surroundings.
3.1.3. Health and Safety

Technical restrictions are often utilized to describe the activities required in finishing
construction tasks, and they are frequently dependent on the sustainability of construction
techniques and standards (Designing Building, 2021). For instance, leveling the site is
necessary before excavation, and formwork and reinforcement might be added thereafter
before concrete is poured. The effect on work is constrained by the previous tasks because
each one must be accomplished before it can start. The working environment can be
improved in many ways. Space constraints should be removed or reduced. Adequate lighting
is essential and working at more than one level should be minimized so that hazardous ladder
is avoided. Therefore, attention should be given to the need for suitable temperatures and
ventilation in the working area. Moreover, other technical restrictions could be related to
63
building tolerances, workplace needs for builders, accessible handling or storage areas, site
access routes, coordination of services, etc.
Health and safety measures will certainly be conducted during the building of a hotel,
resort, and casino because these facilities will serve as tourist attractions and therefore
visitors will be the ones who will be influenced by the project’s results. The engineer might
also make room for comprehensive preventative care and medical responses for the benefit
of everyone.
3.1.4. Legal
Address the legal issues like the governmental laws, codes, standards, policies,
environmental loads, regulations over rule the technical issues, etc.
LEGAL PARAMETERS AND CONSTRAINTS:
1. Under Section 1.01.02 of Republic Act No. 6541, otherwise known as the “National
Building Code of the Philippines”, states that the policy of the State to safeguard life,
health, property, and public welfare, consistent with the principles of environmental
management and control; and to this end, make it the purpose of this Code to provide for
all buildings and structured, a framework of minimum standards and requirements by
guiding, regulating, and controlling their location, siting, design, quality of materials,
construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance, including their environment, utilities,
fixtures, equipment, and mechanical electrical, and other systems and installations.
2. In addition, RA 6541 is applicable to design, location, siting, construction, alteration,

repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving and demolition of, and
addition to, public and private buildings and structures.
3. Under Article III, Section 9 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that private
property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. The State shall
ensure that owners of real property acquired for national government infrastructure
projects are promptly paid just compensation.
64
4. Under the Real Estate Law, foreign nationals cannot own a land in the Philippines.
However, under the Investor’s Lease Act, it allows foreign investors to lease land in the
Philippines for up to 75 years. If a corporation wishes to purchase land in the Philippines,
a Filipino stockholder needs to own at least 60% of the shareholdings.
5. Under DENR Administrative Order No. 2000-21, it states that the Private Land Timber
Permit, a permit issued to a landowner for the cutting, gathering and utilization of
naturally grown trees in private lands is a pre-condition requirement before the applicant
can cut the trees in a private land. The following are some of the requirements, such as
but not limited to:
A. Letter application of landowner;
B. Authenticated copy of land title/CLOA with approved sketch map of area

applied for;
C. Development plan, if application covers ten (10) hectares or larger with at least
50% of the area covered with forest trees;
D. Endorsement from any of the following LGU officials: a) Barangay Chairman,

b)Municipal/City Mayor, or c) Provincial Governor concerned;
E. Endorsement by Local Agrarian Reform Officer for areas covered by CLOA;
F. Inventory based on existing regulations;
G. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) as basis in issuance; and
H. Certification from the CENRO concerned that the land subject of PLTP/SPLTP
application is within a certified A and D land.
65
Figure 3.1 Flowchart for Processing and Approval of Private Land Timber
Permit
6. Under Presidential Decree (PD) 705, or Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines, the
approval or permission of the Bureau of Forest Development whose mandate now rests
on the Forest Management Bureau (FMB) is required.
Section 68 of PD 705 states that “any person who shall cut, gather, collect, or remove timber
or other forest products from any forest land, or timber from alienable and disposable public
lands, or from private lands, without any authority under a license agreement, lease, license
or permit, shall be guilty of qualified theft as defined and punished under Articles 309 and
310 of the Revised Penal Code.”
66
Moreover, the same section states that in the case of partnership, association or corporation,
the officers who ordered the cutting, gathering or collecting shall be liable, and if such
officers are aliens, shall, in addition to the penalty, be deported without further proceedings.
Under the 1930 Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, the penalty for qualified theft depends
on the value of the property stolen. Essentially, however, since a tree is valued at least
P50,000 nowadays, a tree-cutting violation may land the culprit up to a maximum jail term
of 25 years.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 564 October 2, 1974
REVISING THE CHAPTER OF THE PHILIPPINE TOURISM AUTHORITY

CREATED UNDER PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 189, DATED MAY 11, 1973
WHEREAS, it is the avowed aim of the government to promote Philippine tourism and work
for its accelerated and balanced growth as well as for the economy and expediency in the
development of the tourism plant of the country;
WHEREAS, in pursuit of this aim the Department of Tourism was created under the
Presidential Decree No. 189 as the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating and
administrative entity of the government in the development of the tourism industry, with the
Philippine Tourism Authority attached to it to plan and implement specific tourism
developments projects; and
WHEREAS, there is urgent need to restructure and strengthen the Philippine Tourism
Authority to place it in a better position to effectively unify and integrate related activities
and services of both government and private entities pertaining to tourism development
projects.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue

of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby decree and order the following to
be the Revised Charter of the Philippine Tourism Authority:
CHAPTER I: DECLARATION OF POLICY AND CREATION OF THE

PHILIPPINE TOURISM AUTHORITY
Section 1. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to promote,
encourage, and develop Philippine tourism as an instrument in accelerating the development
67
of the country, of strengthening the country's foreign exchange reserve position, and of
protecting Philippine culture, history, traditions and natural beauty, internationally as well as
domestically.
B. ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION OF LANDS AND OTHER ASSETS FOR

TOURIST ZONE PURPOSES
1. Acquisition of Public Lands. To acquire possession and ownership of all lands transferred
to it from other government corporations and institutions by virtue of this Decree, and any
land having tourism potential and earmarked in the Tourism Priorities Plan for intensive
development into a tourist zone or as a part thereof, subject to the approval of the President.
The meaning of the word "land" or "lands" as used herein and elsewhere in this Decree shall
be understood to include any interest in land, the bed of any lake or river, and such structure,
things or properties attached to land or permanently fastened to anything attached to land.
2. Acquisition of Private Lands, Power of Eminent Domain. To acquire by purchase, by

negotiation or by condemnation proceedings any private land within and without the tourist
zones for any of the following reasons: (a) consolidation of lands for tourist zone
development purposes, (b) prevention of land speculation in areas declared as tourist zones,
(c) acquisition of right of way to the zones, (d) protection of water shed areas and natural
assets with tourism value, and (e) for any other purpose expressly authorized under this
Decree and accordingly, to exercise the power of eminent domain under his own name, which
shall proceed in the manner prescribed by law and/or the Rules of Court on condemnation
proceedings. The Authority may use any mode of payment which it may deem expedient and
acceptable to the land owners: Provided, That in case bonds are used as payment, the
conditions and restrictions set forth in Chapter III, Sections 8 to 13 inclusively, of this Decree
shall apply.
3. Disposition of Lands. For the purpose of providing land acquisition assistance to registered
tourism enterprise, to sell, subdivide, resell, lease, sublease, rent out, or otherwise, including
improvements thereon, if any, to said registered tourism enterprises under sufficiently soft
terms for use specifically in the development of hotels, recreational facilities, and other
tourist services: Provided, That the Authority shall reserve the right to repossess in
68
accordance with the law any land so sold or leased in cases of insufficient use or misuse of
land by said enterprise or their possible assignees.
4. Development and Sale of Subdivisions and Condominiums. To develop and/or subdivide

any land in its name or undertake condominium projects thereon, and sell subdivided lots or
condominium units to private persons for investment purposes: Provided, That such
subdivision and/or condominium projects are undertaken within the tourist zones and in
conjunction with the development thereof; Provided, further, That their use shall be within
the guidelines set forth by the Authority.
5. Transfer of Foreshore Leases. To take over or transfer to a registered enterprise in

accordance with law any lease on foreshore areas within a tourist zone or adjacent thereto, in
cases wherein said areas are not being utilized in accordance with the Authority's approved
zone development plan and wherein the lessee concerned does not agree to conform
accordingly after due consultation with the local government having jurisdiction over the
granting of said leases.
6. Reclamation of Land. To arrange for the reclamation of any land adjacent to or adjoining
a tourist zone in coordination with appropriate government agencies.
D. ZONE ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL
1. Zoning Regulations. In coordination with the Department of Local Government and

Community Development and other appropriate government agencies, to formulate and
implement zoning regulations, including building codes, hotel standards, and such other
restrictions as may be necessary within a tourist zone to control its orderly development, to
preserve such historical, cultural and/or natural assets or relics giving the zone its tourism
value and significance, and to assure adherence to approved zone development plans.
2. Determination and Regulation of Zone Enterprises. To determine and regulate the

enterprises to be established within a tourist zone.
3. Ecological Preservation and Maintenance. To ensure, through the proper authorities

concerned, the ecological preservation, maintenance and/or rehabilitation of the common and
the public areas within a tourist zone and the environment thereof; and specifically, to control
beach erosion and pollution to preserve all aspects giving the zone its tourism value.
69
4. Preservation and Restoration of Tourist Attractions. In coordination with appropriate
government agencies: (a) to identify and recommend to the President the preservation and/or
restoration of national monuments or preserves; (b) arrange for the preservation and/or
restoration of the same with appropriate government agencies or with the private sector or
with the owners themselves of said tourist attractions; and (c) identify and recommend to the
appropriate authorities concerned the declaration of tourist areas and attractions as national
monuments and preserves.
3.1.5. Operational
Address the physical environment in which the system will operate. Traffic conditions,
Temperature, humidity, electromagnetic radiation, shock, vibration …etc.
The researchers considered the traffic condition and humidity level in the area as the
operational project constraint in constructing the six-story hotel, resort, and casino project.
The traffic condition in the area is usually congested during peak hours. Being stuck in heavy
traffic congestion may lead to delays in heavy equipment and material deliveries that are
needed in construction. Such delay might lead to falling behind schedule. Some materials
like ready-mix concrete have a concrete discharge time requirement and when the time of
delivery exceeds the discharge time requirement, the ready-mix concrete might be wasted or
the required concrete strength might not be achieved. To avoid these kinds of circumstances,
the delivery driver and the heavy equipment operator shall be aware of peak hours in the area
to avoid being stuck in traffic congestion.
For humidity level, the highest mean relative humidity in Batangas is 84 % in the
months of September and October and the lowest mean relative humidity is 75% in the month
of April. Since the mean relative humidity in Batangas is high, there are various ways high
humidity can affect construction sites. High humidity levels may prevent concrete structures
from reaching their target strength. When the surrounding moisture is high, the concrete takes
more time to dry out, since the surrounding air is not able to hold more moisture. As a result,
the overall compressive strength of the freshly placed concrete will decrease significantly.
High relative humidity reduces the rate at which concrete sets and cures. This means that the
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time required for strength gain will be more. As a result, there will be many downtimes and
a high risk of falling behind schedule. Consequently, there will be a loss of labor, which
eventually increases the overall cost of the project. To avoid all the possible effects of high
humidity on the construction site, construction workers will have to lower the site’s humidity
under high humidity levels. This will keep mold at bay, keep employees safe from respiratory
difficulties, and keep materials from warping. It also fastens the building process since some
construction materials take longer to set up in moist circumstances than in dry settings.
However, there is a limit to low humidity on a construction site. This can cause fracture and
shrinkage in materials due to dry air. So, maintaining adequate humidity levels at a site
necessitates different approaches based on the site’s location and climatic conditions.
3.1.6. Political
The mandate of the government was for policies to be evidence-based. Thus, design policy
is an appropriate area to look for lessons on evidence application. The Commission for
Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) based their findings on three empirical
examples. Evidence is found to be (1) effective for defining issues to which policy should
pay attention, (2) effective for capturing the attention of policy and decision-makers, but only
when presented succinctly, and (3) necessary for testing outcomes. A constraint is a
condition, agency, or force that obstructs progress toward a specific objective or goal.
Understanding the political risks in building projects is essential for the success of political
risk analysis.
It is necessary to recognize the impact of political constraints in the construction sector for
three distinct yet complementary reasons:
a. It is a regulated activity;
b. It considers the mandatory extensive operational and financial analysis;
c. It functions as a licensor, which signifies that for a company to operate, it requires

government approval;
d. It serves as the project's bylaws; and
e. It inspects the work of the companies, with clear authority to penalize them with
sanctions if necessary.
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State, national, and local safety regulations can all be used as political tools to influence the
construction of a hotel, resort, and casino. This includes all safety concerns within the
construction, the building itself, and the location of the project. This includes the use of
equipment ranging from large to small tools. If the government denies approval, no project
will be undertaken until the government approves safety and security legislation. Building a
hotel, resort, and casino is an inherently political act of creation, and society must engage in
deliberative processes involving extensive public participation to determine what is required
to build this project.
3.1.7. Social and Cultural

Barangay Banaba South might be trifling in size compared to other places but it will not be
at last in terms of history and its culture. Before it was called Banaba South, it was known as
Magbabanig, because this was the center for mat weaving in the town back then. Only when
Melecio Macaraig the the Town head was assigned, the so called Magbabanig was later
changed to Banaba South considering it is in the southern part of its mother barrio which is
Banaba. Also, Banaba South became the dumping site of explosive for the invasion of Japan
Pilferers.
So with these, we can reflect that people of Banaba South were all hard workers considering
mat weaving is a job requiring patience, precision and consistency to achieve a good, colorful
and useful mats.They were all unswerving workers that is willing to so things just to see
progress in their lives. With their standings as of now, we can see that their lives are indeed
a progressive one that seeks more success than they have before so that they can enjoy the
fruits of their labors.
With the proposed project, we, the researchers, believe that it would be an inspiration for the
people of Banaba South to work hard so that they can enjoy luxury things in the end such as
enjoying in the hotel and being entertained in a casino. We all know that people have some
wrong perceptions when being in a hotel and casino, but we are in hope and in optimism that
they see this proposed project as a place to enjoy the things that they deserve after a
hardworking season. We the researchers saw this opportunity to change the perspective of
the people in their lives—to love their selves by enjoying things that we work so hard for.
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Since Banaba South witnessed wars before like our battle against Japan, it is also witnessing
our battles in our lives nowadays and we all know that after this wars and battles there is
peace and that is what we want them to feel when staying in the comfort of the hotel in our
proposed project. We want them see and feel the calmness of life after a chaos in their pasts.
We, the researchers are amazed on the history of the Banaba south and also the beauty of its
people, so we also want them to see this beauty and amazement once they are in the vicinity
of our project.
3.1.8. Manufacturability
Researchers take into account Design for Manufacturability (DFM), a proactive
design process that ensures the optimal cost, quality, dependability, regulatory compliance,
safety, time-to-market, and customer satisfaction for products. Five fundamental concepts
underpin Design for Manufacturing, all of which must be carefully taken into account
during the project's design process. Process, design, materials, environment, and
compliance are some of these guiding concepts.
One of the crucial elements of the product development life cycle that must be
evaluated and reviewed at the design stage is manufacturability. To be able to make
decisions more easily, the designer must have access to knowledge and information
regarding the manufacturing environment. Gupta et al Al (1997) said that one of the
contemporary tools created is the Manufacturability Analysis System (MAS).To
accomplish the concept design's goal on the first go. It becomes harder to disregard the
function that MAS plays in the product development life cycle given the present demand
for a tool that can assess the manufacturability elements at the design stage. With this idea,
the "ready for manufacture" designs are protected from or at least spared from the last
discussed iterations. By virtually assessing a product's manufacturability, MAS can be used
to speed up the production process. According to Rao (1994), manufacturability is the
capacity to make a certain component with little waste while still achieving the desired
commercial outcome. Having grown in popularity, computer-aided design (CAD),
Manufacturability is now a crucial component of CAD/CAM systems thanks to Computer
Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and the emergence of the Concurrent Engineering (CE)
concept in product development. The primary goal of the ongoing research in this area is to
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create a computer-aided Design for Manufacture (DFM) tool that can be utilized in the
early design stages to enhance product quality from the perspective of manufacturing
(Gupta 1995).
The experts selected the best materials that are suitable to utilize for the
construction of the Hotel Casino and Resort based on their ability to be manufactured.
Researchers coordinate all potential defects and inefficiencies as well as any feasible
optimization strategies. To make sure that the materials we used passed the criteria,
researchers conduct a design analysis for the Hotel, Casino & Resort. We take into account
the number of people it can accommodate, the surroundings, and Batangas City's culture.
To ensure that the Hotel, Casino & Resort will endure longer and can handle the
appropriate number of users, the material quality is both affordable and high-grade. and can
outperform any disaster that comes through it.
When creating this hotel, casino, and resort, the researchers make sure that user
safety always comes first. that resources such as money, time, effort, and supplies are not
wasted. Consider how durable the components must be, how heat-resistant they must be,
and how responsive they must be to electricity. In addition, we compared the required
color, thermal, or other attributes to the chosen material. And the construction of the hotel,
casino, and resort is done step by step and according to a plan so that there are no extra
steps required and no failures once it is finished. The client's preferences and the local
culture served as the foundation for the Hotel, Casino & Resort's overall design.
3.1.9. Sustainability
The construction industry's effort to uphold its social responsibility can be seen in
concrete form in sustainable structures. Sustainable building practices are advantageous for
people's health and safety since they may conserve resources, lessen pollution, and improve
the living environment to the greatest extent. When it comes to combating climate change,
saving energy and cutting emissions, enhancing people's quality of life, generating new
industries, establishing new urbanization models, and fostering sustainable economic
development, sustainable building has a significant and far-reaching impact. Sustainable
construction aspires to the harmonious integration and complementary roles of people,
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nature, and architecture, and is inspired by the concept of sustainable development. It bases
its creation of an atmosphere that is beneficial to human health and comfortable activities on
the harmony that exists between humans and nature.
According to Raynsford (2000), A more comprehensive definition is offered by

Constructing Excellence which introduces sustainable construction as the application of
sustainable development in the construction industry and suggests that sustainable
development is “all about ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for
generations to come, through:
• social progress which recognizes the needs of everyone § maintenance of high and
stable levels of economic growth and employment, whilst
• protecting, and if possible enhancing, the environment, and
• using natural resources prudently
Sustainable development embraces the three broad themes of environmental, social
and economic accountability, often known as the 'triple bottom line'.”
The construction of the Hotel, Resort, and Casino in Banaba South, Batangas City is
designed to accommodate a large- scale business and entrepreneurial commodities. In
addition, the number of urban resources that will be utilized. The Hotel, Resort, and Casino
occupies more land. They will require more on car parking space since it has many
accommodations. Even more crucial is the impact they have on how urban resources are
used. Limited knowledge of sustainable development and insufficient communication
between Banaba South’s LGU and the civil society are the major obstacles to attaining
sustainability. Natural resources are also running out. A large segment of society is negatively
and profoundly impacted by the sharp rise in food and currency prices. Poverty, population
growth, and climate change will all pose difficulties for sustainability. In order to create the
most sustainable Hotel, Resort, and Casino is totally possible, this capstone research project
will evaluate the idea of sustainability in high rise building architecture. Another element of
an environmentally friendly Hotel, Resort, and Casino design that can have a big impact is
the implementation of solar panels, stormwater harvesting systems, and recycled materials
for decoration.
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3.2. DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
In the planning of structures, it is important to recognize the close relationship
between structural design and construction. These processes can be viewed as an
integrated system. In an integrated system, the planning for both design and
construction can proceed almost simultaneously, examining various alternatives
which are desirable from both viewpoints and thus eliminating the necessity of
extensive revisions under the guise of value engineering. Design alternatives in
construction projects are compared by concurrently considering various criteria, such
as costs, strength, functionality, and constructability. In this study, the researchers
provide two design alternatives that aim to generate reasonable designs according to
various design provisions.
3.2.1 Design Alternative One

3.2.1.1 Conceptual Design for Alternative One
A. Beam
In structural engineering, a beam is a structural element that is capable of

withstanding loads primarily by resisting against bending. For the structure to sustain
itself, a beam shall be designed in accordance with the National Structural Code of
the Philippines 2015. Considering the specifications, below are the dimension of the
beams proposed in this design alternative:
Building Component Proposed Dimensions

Beam 1 Width: 400 mm
Height: 550 mm
Height: 600 mm
Table 3.1 Proposed Beam Dimensions for Design Alternative One
In accordance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015, Section
418.6 (Beams of Special Moment Frames), the dimensional limits under section
76
418.6.2 shall be applied to beams of special moment frames that form part of the
seismic-force-resisting system and are proportioned primarily to resist flexure and
shear. Under section 418.6.2, beams shall satisfy the following dimensional limits:
a. Clear span shall be at least 4 times its effective depth,

b. Width shall be at least the smaller of 30% of its total height and 250 mm,
c. Projection of the beam width beyond the width of the supporting column on each
side shall not exceed the smaller of 75% of the column’s longest side and shorter
side.
For the depth limit of beams, the dimension shall satisfy the minimum beam depth
under section 409.3.1 (Minimum Beam Depth) of the National Structural Code of the
Philippines 2015. The table below presents the minimum depth of non-prestressed
beams:
Support Condition Minimum Depth

Simply Supported l / 16
One End Continuous l / 18.5
Both End Continuous l / 21
Cantilever l/8
Table 3.2 Minimum Depth of Non-Prestressed Beams
A preliminary design analysis was made by the researchers considering this

alternative for the satisfaction of the study.
B. Column
Columns are vertical structural elements where the load is transferred parallel to the
longitudinal axis as compression, and sometimes as tension. Columns support the
floor or roof beams and the columns on the floors above. For the structure to carry its
upper portion, a column shall be designed in accordance with the National Structural
Code of the Philippines 2015. Considering the specifications, below are the
dimensions of the columns proposed in this design alternative:
Building Component Proposed Dimension

Column 1 Width: 450 mm
Height: 550 mm
77
Height: 600 mm
Table 3.3 Proposed Column Dimensions for Design Alternative One
In the accordance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015, Section
418.7 (Columns of Special Moment Frames), the dimensional limits under section
418.7.2 shall be applied to columns of special moment frames that form part of the
seismic-force-resisting system and are proportioned primarily to resist flexure, shear,
and axial forces. Under section 418.7.2 columns shall satisfy the following
dimensional limits:
a. The shortest cross-sectional dimension, measured on a straight line passing

through the geometric centroid, shall be at least 300mm,
b. The ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension
shall be at least 40%
3.2.1.2 Preliminary Analysis for Alternative One
A. Beam
For the dimension of the beam, the aforementioned provisions were used for the
satisfaction of the study. A preliminary analysis for the design alternative one is
presented below:
Building Proposed Design

Component Dimension Consideration
Beam dimensions
Beam 1 Width: 400 mm used in the
Height: 550 mm conceptual design
satisfy the
Beam 2 Width: 450 mm dimensional limit
Height: 600 mm stated under section
418.6.2
"Dimensional
Limits of Beams of
Special Moment
78
Frames” and the
minimum depth of
non-prestressed
beams under section
409.3.1 “Minimum
Beam Depth” of the
Natural Structural
Code of Philippines
(NSCP) 2015.
Table 3.4 Beam Design for Alternative One
The table above summarizes the proposed dimension of the beams and the provision
prior to selecting the alternatives. To satisfy the condition of the design provision,
calculations were made. For the minimum width of the beams, it satisfies the
condition that its width shall be at least the smaller of 30% of its total height and 250
mm. 30% of the height of beam 1 is 165 mm which is smaller than 250 mm therefore,
the width of beam 1 shall be at least 165 mm. 30% of the height of beam 2 is 180 mm
which is smaller than 250 mm, therefore, the width of beam 2 shall be at least 180
mm. For the maximum width of the beams, it satisfies the condition that the projection
of the beam width beyond the width of the supporting column on each side shall not
exceed the smaller of 75% of the column’s longer side and shorter side. 75% of the
column’s longer side for beam 1 is 412.5 mm and the shortest side is 450 mm,
therefore, the width of beam 1 shall not exceed 412.5 mm. 75% of the column’s
longer side for beam 2 is 450 mm and the shortest side is 500 mm, therefore, the width
of beam 2 shall not exceed 450 mm.
It implies that the proposed beam dimension meets the design provisions and
therefore can be considered as an alternative for the design of the six-story hotel,
resort, and casino project proposed by the researchers.
B. Column
For the dimension of the column, the aforementioned provisions were used for the
satisfaction of the study. A preliminary analysis of the design alternative one is
presented below:
79
The column
Column 1 Width: 450 mm dimension used in
Height: 550 mm the conceptual
design satisfies the
Column 2 Width: 500 mm minimum dimension
Height: 600 mm stated under section
418.7.2
"Dimensional Limits
of Columns of
Special Moment
Frames” of the
Natural Structural
Code of the
Philippines (NSCP)
2015.
Table 3.5 Column Design for Alternative One
The table above summarizes the proposed dimension of the columns and the
provision prior to selecting the alternatives. To satisfy the condition of the design
provision, calculations were made. For the minimum dimension of the shortest cross-
sectional of the column, it satisfies the condition that the dimension shall be at least
300 mm. The dimensions of the shortest cross-sectional of the proposed columns are
450 mm and 500 mm which are both greater than the minimum dimension required.
The proposed column dimension also satisfies the condition that the ratio of the
shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension shall be at least
40%. For column 1, the ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the
perpendicular dimension is 81.81%. For column 2, the ratio of the shortest cross-
sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension is 83.33%.
It implies that the proposed dimension of the column meets the design provisions and
3.2.2 Design Alternative Two

3.2.2.1 Conceptual Design for Alternative Two
A. Beam
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Another design for beams is being considered in this alternative. For the structure to
sustain itself, a beam shall be designed in accordance with the National Structural
Code of the Philippines 2015. Considering the specifications, below are the
dimensions of the beams proposed in this design alternative:
Building Component Proposed Dimensions

Height: 500 mm
Beam 2 Width: 350mm
Height: 550 mm
Height: 550 mm
Height: 600 mm
Table 3.6 Proposed Beam Dimensions for Design Alternative Two
In accordance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015, Section
418.6 (Beams of Special Moment Frames), the dimensional limits under section
418.6.2 shall apply to beams of special moment frames that form part of the seismic-
force-resisting system and are proportioned primarily to resist flexure and shear.
Under section 418.6.2, beams shall satisfy the following dimensional limits:
a. Clear span shall be at least 4 times its effective depth,

b. Width shall be at least the smaller of 30% of its total height and 250 mm,
c. Projection of the beam width beyond the width of the supporting column on each
side shall not exceed the smaller of 75% of the column’s longest side and shorter
side.
For the depth limit of beams, the dimension shall satisfy the minimum beam depth
under section 409.3.1 (Minimum Beam Depth) of the National Structural Code of the
Philippines 2015. The table below presents the minimum depth of non-prestressed
beams:
Support Condition Minimum Depth

Simply Supported l / 16
One End Continuous l / 18.5
Both End Continuous l / 21
Cantilever l/8
Table 3.7 Minimum Depth of Non-Prestressed Beams
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B. Column
Another design for beams is being considered in this alternative. For the structure to
carry its upper portion, a column shall be designed in accordance with the National
Structural Code of the Philippines 2015. Considering the specifications, below are
the dimensions of the columns proposed in this design alternative:
Building Component Proposed Dimension

Height: 400 mm
Height: 500 mm
Height: 550 mm
Height: 600 mm
Table 3.8 Proposed Column Dimensions for Design Alternative Two
In the accordance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015, Section
418.7 (Columns of Special Moment Frames), the dimensional limits under section
418.7.2 shall apply to columns of special moment frames that form part of the
seismic-force-resisting system and are proportioned primarily to resist flexure, shear,
and axial forces. Under section 418.7.2 columns shall satisfy the following
dimensional limits:
a. The shortest cross-sectional dimension, measured on a straight line passing

through the geometric centroid, shall be at least 300mm,
b. The ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension
shall be at least 40%
3.2.2.2 Preliminary Analysis for Alternative Two
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A. Beam
For the dimension of the beam, the aforementioned provisions were used for the
satisfaction of the study. A preliminary analysis for design alternative two is
presented below:

Beam 1 Width: 300 mm The beam
Height: 500 mm dimension used in
the conceptual
Beam 2 Width: 350 mm design satisfies the
Height: 550 mm dimension limit
stated under section
Beam 3 Width: 400 mm 418.6.2
Height: 550 mm "Dimensional
Limits of Beams of
Beam 4 Width: 450 mm Special Moment
Height: 600 mm Frames” and the
minimum depth of
non-prestressed
beams under section
409.3.1 “Minimum
Beam Depth” of the
Natural Structural
Code of the
Philippines (NSCP)
2015.
Table 3.9 Beam Design for Alternative Two
The table above summarizes the proposed dimension of the beams and the provision
prior to selecting the alternatives. To satisfy the condition of the design provision,
calculations were made. For the minimum width of the beams, it satisfies the
condition that its width shall be at least the smaller of 30% of its total height and 250
mm. 30% of the height of beam 1 is 150 mm which is smaller than 250 mm therefore,
the width of beam 1 shall be at least 150 mm. 30% of the height of beam 2 and beam
3 is 165 mm which is smaller than 250 mm, therefore, the width of beam 2 and beam
3 shall be at least 165 mm. 30% of the height of beam 4 is 180 mm which is smaller
than 250 mm, therefore, the width of beam 4 shall be at least 180 mm. For the
maximum width of the beams, it satisfies the condition that the projection of the beam
83
width beyond the width of the supporting column on each side shall not exceed the
smaller of 75% of the column’s longer side and shorter side. 75% of the column’s
longer side for beam 1 is 300 mm and the shortest side is 400 mm, therefore, the width
of beam 1 shall not exceed 300 mm. 75% of the column’s longer side for beam 2 is
375 mm and the shortest side is 500 mm, therefore, the width of beam 2 shall not
exceed 375 mm. 75% of column’s longer side for beam 3 is 412.5 mm and the shortest
side is 450 mm, therefore, the width of beam 3 shall not exceed 412.5 mm. 75% of
the column’s longer side for beam 4 is 450 mm and the shortest side is 500 mm,
therefore, the width of beam 4 shall not exceed 450 mm.
It implies that the proposed beam dimension meets the design provisions and
B. Column
For the dimension of the column, the aforementioned provisions were used for the
satisfaction of the study. A preliminary analysis for design alternative two is
presented below:

Column 1 Width: 400 mm The column
Height: 400 mm dimension used in
the conceptual
Column 2 Width: 500 mm design satisfies the
Height: 500 mm minimum
dimension stated
Column 3 Width: 450 mm under section
Height: 550 mm 418.7.2
"Dimensional
Column 4 Width: 500 mm Limits of Columns
Height: 600 mm of Special Moment
Frames” of the
Natural Structural
Code of the
Philippines
(NSCP) 2015.
Table 3.10 Column Design for Alternative Two
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The table above summarizes the proposed dimension of the columns and the
provision prior to selecting the alternatives. To satisfy the condition of the design
provision, calculations were made. For the minimum dimension of the shortest cross-
sectional of the column, it satisfies the condition that the dimension shall be at least
300 mm. The dimensions of the shortest cross-sectional of the proposed columns are
400 mm, 500 mm, 450 mm, and 500 mm which are all greater than the minimum
dimension required. The proposed column dimension also satisfies the condition that
the ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension
shall be at least 40%. For column 1 and column 2, the ratio of the shortest cross-
sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension is 100%. For column 3, the ratio
of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension is 81.81%.
For column 4, the ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular
dimension is 83.33%.
It implies that the proposed dimension of the column meets the design provisions and
3.3 SELECTION CRITERIA AND DECISION MAKING
3.3.1 General Criteria

The aforementioned conceptual design seeks to produce designs in accordance with
the numerous design requirements. The following conditions must be met to support
the conceptual design of the Hotel, Resorts, and Casino, with a focus on the
integration of the beam and column design consideration:
a. Obtain enough data to support the suggested generated alternative designs based
on both numerical data and visual investigations, to aid the researchers in determining
whether the requirements for both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the
design have been met,
85
b. Based on the incorporation of the beam and column design considerations; the
researchers come up with many design possibilities, and
c. Help the researchers choose the most effective design in accordance with the
evaluation and comparison carried out scientifically and numerically.
3.3.2 Selection Criteria

The criteria for each design must be met for the researchers to appropriately choose
the most effective one. Design alternatives were made for the satisfaction of the study.
For the beams and columns of the Proposed Hotel, Resort, and Casino Project, the
following design considerations should be satisfied:
• Must be well designed

• Provide stability and safety
• Could carry and transfer loads of the structure
• Materials be economically selected
• The beam must have a bending strength adequate to resist the bending
moments.
• There must be no danger of failure due to shear forces
• Amount the beam bends, i.e., the deflection of the beam, must not be
excessive.
• There must be no danger of buckling.
3.3.3 Decision Making

The selection of alternatives is based on the researchers' interpretation and analysis
of the study. Both options can efficiently and effectively design a building’s safety.
However, just one will be considered for the researchers to concentrate on. After
selecting the best possibilities, the researchers should give sufficient justification for
their selection of the precise substitute. The selection list should also be taken into
account by the researchers. Criteria that are a suitable base when selecting the
optimum and best design.
86
These are the following factors that must be considered in choosing the best
alternatives:
Strength, serviceability, and economic advantage. Structural engineers ought when

selecting the finest design option that must take into account these factors to achieve
the best layout for the benefit of the structure they suggest. If all requirements are
met, the given design alternative makes it feasible to choose the said alternative.
The researchers choose the required design alternatives for the study to build a
structure with the best layout possible. Researchers took into account the reinforced
concrete construction throughout the different levels of structure. When connected to
it on the first floor up to the upper level, the alternative that is selected for the
proposed structure's beam and column design should be in four or more sizes, which
will be used in all beam and column construction. The researchers choose alternative
two believing the fact that this alternative is much more economical compared to
alternative one. Considering the reinforced concrete is one of the main purposes of
the study. This demonstrates that the researchers gained knowledge from their lower-
level courses as students. The researchers shall also construct a structure that is
functional, cost-effective, and well-designed. Beyond them, it’s important to take into
account customers’ desires. With regard to the design alternative presented, the
researchers chose the mode of analysis after weighing all of the available alternatives
depicted in design alternative two. For the purpose of its function and the best results,
every design decision has been made in detail design.
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CHAPTER 4
PROJECT DESIGN
4.1. SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The site location of Hotel, Resort and Casino’s proposed project is at Brgy. Banaba
South, Batangas City 4200. Banaba South is located at the southeastern portion of Batangas
City and geographically situated at coordinates 13 degrees, 45 minutes and 25.96 seconds
north latitude and 121 degrees, 3 minutes, and 29.2 seconds east longitude
(13°45’18.91”,120°3’32.76”). It has approximated land area of 128.1066 hectares. It is
bounded on the northwest by the municipality of San Pascual; on the north by the
municipality of San Jose; on the east by the municipalities of Ibaan, Taysan and Lobo; and
on the south by the Batangas Bay. The exact location is still covered with grass and some
trees. In terms of mode of transportation, the site area has already had a perimeter road where
you can have an easy access on the site. The soil type of the project location is Ibaan Loam
which has agricultural potentials in sugar cane, upland rice, corn vegetables, coffee, bananas,
and fruit bearing trees. The partial measurement of the lot area for the construction of the
Hotel, Resort, and Casino is said to be 4200 square meters.
Figure 4.1 Vicinity Map and Site Development Plan
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4.2. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
The proposed hotel, resort, and casino project has a total structural area of 2,150
square meters. The structure is a six-story building with a roof deck and a basement
for the parking of the guests. The first floor comprises the reception, lobby, meeting
room, back of the house, dining restaurant, coffee shop, different boutique shops,
event hall, and two comfort rooms. The second floor includes the casino, utility
storage, electrical room, generator set room, cashier room for the casino, lobby, and
a comfort room. The third floor consists of a lobby, five single suites, five double
suites, five double deluxe suites, linen storage, janitor storage, and a pool area with
minibar and shower rooms. The fourth floor includes eight double deluxe suites, ten
single suites, linen storage, and janitor storage. The fifth floor consists of eight single
suites, eight double deluxe suites, linen storage, janitor storage, and a gym. The sixth
floor comprises the presidential suite, three executive suites, linen storage, and janitor
storage. The roof deck includes a bar, kitchen, storage room, and comfort room. Each
floor has a stair, three elevators, and a fire exit ladder connected from the basement
up to the roof deck.
A. Stair, elevator, and fire exit ladder

Each level starting from the basement up to the roof deck has a stair connecting
each floor. The proposed stair has a width of 1.3 meters which complies with the
minimum required width of 1.12 meters under section 10.2.5.4 of the Fire Code
of the Philippines, where the total occupant load of all storeys served by the stair
is more than fifty. The stair is located at the center of the structure. Each level of
the building has an elevator located next to the stairwell. The proposed dimension
of the elevator is 4.7 meters by 2.8 meters. The elevator will serve as an alternative
route for the guests and employees. Lastly, one of the most important in the
structure is the fire escape ladder and the fire exit. It is located on the right side
89
of the building. The proposed width of the fire escape ladder is 2 meters which
satisfy the minimum required width of 1.12 meters under section 10.2.5.4 of the
Fire Code of the Philippines, where the total occupant load of all storeys served
by the stair is more than fifty.
B. Basement
The basement of the structure serves as the parking area for the guests. The
proposed dimension of the basement is 55 meters by 30 meters. The entrance of
the basement is located at the left side of the front of the structure while the exit
of the basement is located at the right side of the front of the structure. The
basement parking can accommodate fifty-four cars, including reserved parking
for persons with disabilities.
C. Comfort rooms and bathrooms

Comfort rooms are vital to the hygiene of the public because everyone has to
urinate and defecate. Comfort rooms are also used for washing hands, changing
clothes, etc. Every level of the proposed building has its comfort rooms. On the
first floor, there are two public restrooms. The first restroom which is located near
the stairwell has eight water closets and four lavatories for women, four water
closets, four urinals, and three lavatories for men, and two separate comfort rooms
for persons with disabilities that have one water closet and one lavatory each. The
other restroom which is located inside the event hall has four water closets and
three lavatories for women, two water closets, two urinals, and two lavatories for
men, and a separate comfort room for persons with disabilities that has one water
closet and one lavatory. On the second floor of the building, there is one public
restroom which is located near the stairwell. The said restroom has eight water
closets and four lavatories for women, four water closets, four urinals, and three
lavatories for men, and two separate comfort rooms for persons with disabilities
that have one water closet and one lavatory each. On the third floor of the
building, there are seven shower rooms in the pool area. Each suite on the said
floor has one bathroom that includes one water closet, one lavatory, and one
90
shower. On the fourth and fifth floors of the building, each suite has one bathroom
that includes one water closet, one lavatory, and one shower. On the sixth floor,
the executive suite has one bathroom each that includes one water closet, two
lavatories, and one shower. The presidential suite has two bathrooms. The first
bathroom has one water closet, two lavatories, and one shower while the second
bathroom has one water closet, two lavatories, one shower, and a sauna. Lastly,
for the roof deck, there is one public restroom that has four water closets and four
lavatories for women, three water closets, three urinals, and three lavatories for
men. All the comfort rooms and bathrooms satisfy the minimum number of
plumbing facilities under chapter 19.14 of the plumbing code.
D. Back of the House

The back of the house, also known as the BOH, encompasses all the behind-the-
scenes areas that the customers will not see. This acts as the central command
center of a hotel because it is where everything is being prepared. The proposed
area of the back of the house is approximately 235 square meters. The back of the
house consists of a technical area, kitchen, storage room, laundry, ironing, and
repair room.
E. Meeting Room
A meeting room or conference hall is a space provided for singular events such
as business conferences and meetings. The proposed area of the meeting room is
approximately 70 square meters.
F. Dining Restaurant
A dining restaurant is a place where you can eat and pay for it. In restaurants, your
food is usually served to you at your table by a waiter or waitress. The proposed
area of the dining restaurant is approximately 200 square meters which can
accommodate 100 people.
91
G. Coffee Shop
From a cultural standpoint, coffee shops largely serve as centers of social
interaction. A coffee shop provides patrons with a place to congregate, talk, read-
write, entertain one another or pass the time, whether individually or in small
groups. The proposed area of the coffee shop of the hotel is approximately 150
square meters and it can accommodate fifty people.
H. Boutique Shops
Boutiques are special shops that sell limited types of products. The boutique shops
in the hotel include a gift shop, a clothing shop, and a jewelry shop. The proposed
area of the gift shop is approximately 130 square meters while the clothing shop
is approximately 115 square meters. For the jewelry shop, the proposed area is
I. Event Hall
The event hall is a large venue that can accommodate parties, weddings,
receptions, and other celebrations. The event hall of the hotel will serve as a
special-purpose room that will be used for hosting large social and business
events. The proposed area of the event hall is approximately 200 square meters
which can accommodate 100 people. The event hall has its comfort room inside
the venue.
J. Casino
A casino is a facility for certain types of gambling. Casinos are often built near or
combined with hotels, resorts, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships, and other
tourist attractions. The proposed area of the casino is approximately 1,300 square
meters. The proposed casino can accommodate 400 people. All you can see inside
the casino are happy glitzy flashing lights and numerous electronic displays of
accumulating jackpots. This is to keep the gamblers’ anticipation and desire of
92
winning high, as well as to deprive them to a certain extent of their sense of time,
so they will not think of leaving.
K. Utility Room
The utility room is used to store machines, cleaning supplies, appliances, vacuum
cleaners, mop, and everything needed to maintain the cleanliness of the hotel. The
proposed area of the utility room is approximately 100 square meters.
L. Electrical Room
The purpose of an electrical room is to house electrical equipment, providing
space that is both safe and secure for the operation and maintenance of the
electrical equipment. The proposed area of the electrical room is approximately
75 square meters.
M. Generator Set Room

This room ensures the reliable start-up of the standby generator set. A generator
set is usually housed in a sound-attenuated enclosure to reduce noise in the
surrounding area. A generator set is essentially an engine-based machine that runs
on varying sources of fuel and ultimately serves as an external mount for electrical
power. The proposed area of the generator set room is approximately 80 square
meters.
N. Cashier Room for Casino

A cashier room is an area in an approved venue or casino where a person may
collect or redeem gaming tokens from a cashier. The proposed area of the cashier
room for the casino is approximately 135 square meters.
O. Single Suite
A single suite is a room that is designed for one person and most likely has one
bed. The proposed area of a single room in the hotel is approximately 56 square
meters. It consists of one single bed, a table and chairs, a closet, and a bathroom.
93
P. Double Suite
A double suite is a room that is designed for two people and has two single beds.
The proposed area of a double suite of the hotel is approximately 56 square
meters. It consists of two single beds, a table and chairs, a closet, and a bathroom.
Q. Double Deluxe Suite

A double deluxe suite is a room that is also designed for two people but is larger
than the double suite. The proposed area of the double deluxe suite is
approximately 68 square meters. It consists of one queen size bed, table and
couches, closet, bathroom, and a balcony.
R. Executive Suite
An executive suite is a stylish one-bedroom suite with a king-size bed with a
separate living and dining area. The proposed area of the executive suite is
approximately 135 square meters. It consists of a living area, dining area,
bedroom with a king-size bed, closet, table and chairs, and a spacious bathroom.
S. Presidential Suite
Presidential suites are the most luxurious accommodations offered by hotels.
Brands typically offer only one or two suites of this caliber at a given property.
These suites capture the most discerning luxury travelers and are a key
differentiator when targeting the high-rated international guest segment. The
proposed project has only one presidential suite with a proposed area of
approximately 300 square meters. The suite consists of a living area, dining area,
spacious bedroom with one king-size bed, and a bathroom inside the bedroom. It
also has a bathroom outside the bedroom which consists of a toilet and bath and
sauna. The presidential suite has two separate balconies and one of them has a
Jacuzzi.
94
T. Pool Area
The proposed pool area of the hotel is approximately 500 square meters. It
comprises a pool which is about 175 square meters, lounges, sunbathing beds,
shower rooms, and a minibar.
U. Gym
The gym is a large room, usually containing special equipment, where people go
to do physical exercises. The proposed area of the gym in the hotel is
V. Roof deck
The roof deck of the building will serve as the bar of the hotel. A bar is a place
where people can buy and drink alcoholic drinks. The proposed area of the roof
deck bar is 920 square meters. The proposed roof deck bar can accommodate 100
people.
W. Schedule of Doors and Windows
Every room and area in the proposed hotel, resort, and casino project has different
sets of doors and windows. Each set has different dimensions and specifications
depending on where the door or window is to be installed. Doors and windows
schedule is a convenient way of presenting complex information about the different
dimensions, locations, and types that are specified on the contract documents to
ensure proper installation. The tables below present the doors schedule and windows
schedule of the proposed project.
Particulars Specifications Dimensions Locations Finish
Door 1 Revolving Total Height: Entrance of Three-swing

three-wing 3149.60 mm the building incorporated
glass door glass w/
95
manual push
Total Width:
bar inside
5000 mm
Door Height:
2443.16 mm
Door Width:
2585.68 mm
Door 2 Swing glass Height: 2438 mm Entrance of Swing glass
door the building door with
Width: 1500 mm
metal frame
and handle
-Door 3 Swing double Height: 2607 mm Meeting Swing double

aluminum glass room, coffee glass door
Total Width:
door shop, dining with
3002 mm
restaurant, aluminum
Door width: 1420 gift shop, frame and
mm jewelry shop, metal handle
clothes shop,
event hall,
and utility
storage
Door 4 Solid panel Door Height: Entrance of Natural wood
wooden glass 1993 mm the back of stain painted
door w/ the house door and door
Door Width: 819
wooden door (BOH), jamb w/ lever
mm
jamb technical type lockset
Door Jamb room in
Height: 2090 mm BOH,
Door Jamb laundry area
Width: 1033 mm in BOH, and
cashier room
for the
casino.
Door 5 Solid panel Height: 2100 mm Kitchen of Stainless steel
wooden glass dining double swing
Total Width:
double swing restaurant door and door
1700 mm
door jamb
Door Width: 780
mm
Door 6 Solid panel Door Height: Fire exit Natural wood
wooden glass 2083 mm (ground stain painted
door w/ floor) door and door
jamb w/ glass
96
wooden door on the side
Door Width:
jamb and lever type
1046 mm
lockset
Door Jamb
Height: 2134 mm
Door Jamb
Width: 1108 mm
Door 7 Metallic fire Door Height: Fire exit Metallic
exit door 2401 mm (ground floor swing push
to roof deck) door with a
Door Width: 986
long handle
mm
Door Jamb
Height: 2100 mm
Door Jamb
Width: 1123 mm
Door 8 Solid panel Door Height: Storage Natural wood
door painted 2020 mm rooms (back stain painted
finish w/ metal of the house, door and
Door Width: 772
door jamb event hall, metal door
mm
dining jamb w/ lever
Door Jamb restaurant) type lockset
Height: 2100 mm rest room of
Door Jamb event hall,
Width: 900 mm gen set
room,
electrical
room, janitor
storage
rooms, and
linen rooms.
Door 9 Aluminum Door Height: All comfort Aluminum
frosted glass 2051 mm rooms frosted glass
swing door (ground floor door with
Door Width: 711
to roof deck) twist lockset
mm
Door Jamb
Height: 2100 mm
Door Jamb
Width: 800 mm
Door 10 Solid wood Door Height: Single suites, Natural wood
panel door 2054 mm double stain painted
painted finish suites, door and
metal door
97
w/ wooden double jamb w/ lever
Door Width: 803
doorjamb deluxe suites and card lock
mm
type lockset
Door Jamb
Height: 2100 mm
Door Jamb
Width: 900 mm
Door 11 Double sliding Total Height: Pool area, Double
glass door 2500 mm gym, all the sliding glass
balcony of door with
Total Width:
the double metal frame
4975 mm
deluxe suite
Door Height:
2420 mm
Door Width:
1261 mm
Side glass width:
1196 mm
Door 12 Solid timber Height: 1712 mm Executive Timber wood
swing panel Suites and painted door
Width: 2058 mm
door presidential and door
suite jamb w/ glass
on the side
and smart
lockset
Door 13 Solid timber Height: 2100 mm Bedrooms of Timber wood

swing panel executive painted door
Total Width:
door suites and incorporated
1800 mm
presidential with glass
Door width: 820 suite and metallic
mm door jamb
and handle
Door 14 Double sliding Total Height: Balcony of Double

glass door 2104 mm the sliding glass
presidential door with
Total Width:
suite metal frame
4998 mm
Door Height:
2067 mm
98
Door Width:
1225 mm
Side glass width:
1274 mm
Door 15 Fiberglass Height: 1900 mm Sauna inside Swing
swing door the bathroom frameless
Width: 800 mm
of the glass door
presidential with metal
suite. handle
Door 16 Automatic Total Height: Casino Automatic

glass double 2782 mm glass double
sliding door Total Width: sliding door
with metal
3048 mm
frame
Door height:
2109 mm
Table 4.1 Doors Schedule
Particulars Specifications Dimensions Locations Finish

Window 1 Aluminum Height: 3000 Ground floor White color
framed fixed mm aluminum
window w/ frame; supply
Width: 5300
6mm thick and installation
mm
tempered glass of fittings by
others

Width: 4667
mm
others

and installation
99
6mm thick of fittings by
Width: 3800
tempered glass others
mm
Window 4 Aluminum Height: 2500 Third floor, White color

framed fixed mm fourth floor, aluminum
window w/ fifth floor, and frame; supply
Width: 4100
6mm thick sixth floor and installation
mm
others
Window 5 Aluminum Height: 2500 Fifth floor, and White color

framed fixed mm sixth floor aluminum
Width: 2763
mm
others
Window 6 Aluminum Height: 2000 Third floor, White color

framed fixed mm fourth floor, aluminum
window w/ fifth floor, and frame; supply
Width: 1697
6mm thick sixth floor and installation
mm
others
Window 7 Aluminum Height: 2480 Sixth floor White color

Width: 1746
mm
others
Table 4.2 Windows Schedule
4.3. STRUCTURAL DESIGN (for Capstone 2)
100
CHAPTER 5
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
5.1 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (for Proposal & Final)
Figure 5.1 Work Breakdown Structure
This figure shows the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) of the proposed project. This
simply shows the activities for the execution of the project from the conceptualization
period up to the closing out period. This will represent the stepladders of the process we
need to consider and contemplate in performing the research proper. This also includes the
underlying requirements and activities to perform the major phases in executing the
proposed project.
5.2 PROJECT COST
(Client budget - Proposal; Estimated cost - Final)
101
5.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE
(Client target - Proposal; Detailed scheduled - Final)
102
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
(Final manuscript)
103
REFERENCES
Anonymous. (n.d.). “1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines”. The LAWPHIL
Project. Retrieved from https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
Manalo M. A., Dueñas J. R., & Ocampo, Manalo, Valdez & Lim Law Firm. (2022). “The
Real Estate Law Review”. Retrieved from https://thelawreviews.co.uk/title/the-real-estate-
law-review/philippines
Anonymous. (n.d.). “Private Land Timber Permit”. Forest Management Bureau. Retrieved
from https://forestry.denr.gov.ph/index.php/fmb-product-and-services/private-land-timber-
permit
Mayuga J. L., (2019). “Planning to cut down a tree? Think Again”. Business Mirror. Retrievd
from https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/10/14/planning-to-cut-down-a-tree-think-again/
Anonymous. (1974). “Presidential Decree No. 564, s. 1974”. Official Gazette.
Anonymous. (n.d.). “Republic Act No. 6541”. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
Hotelier Life. (2020). What is the importance of Hotel Industry in the 21st Century. Retrieved
from https://www.hotelierlife.com/importance-of-hotel-industry/
Batangas Official Website. (2021). Physical and Geographical Aspect. Retrieved from
https://batangascity.gov.ph/web/about-the-city/city-profile/physical-geographical-aspects
104
CAADKO Geo Engineering and Drilling Services. (2017). Geotechnical Investigation DMB
Bldg. 1 Diversion Rd. Banaba Road Brgy. Alangilan, Batangas City.
Hazard Hunter PH. (2022). Hazard Assesment. Retrieved from

https://hazardhunter.georisk.gov.ph/map
Complete Controller. (2021). Impact Of Constraints On Construction Project. Retrieved from

https://www.completecontroller.com/impact-of-constraints-on-construction-project/
Alorair blogs. (2020, August 24). How Humidity Level Affects Construction Projects.
Retrieved from https://www.alorair.com/blog/finishing-construction-projects-require-low-
humidity-levels/
Weather Atlas. (2022). Climate and monthly weather forecast. Batangas, Philippines.
Retrieved from https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/philippines/batangas-climate
Batangas City Official Website. (2014). Physical and Geographical Aspects.

https://www.batangascity.gov.ph/web/about-the-city/city-profile/physical-geographical-
aspects
Datum. (2022). Batangas City Topographic Map.
Retrieved from https://en-ph.topographic-map.com/map-p48mmt/Batangas-City/
Map Logos. (2022). Elevation of Batangas, Philippines.
Retrieved from https://elevation.maplogs.com/poi/batangas_philippines.162240.html
105
Maphill. (2022). Detailed Terrain Map of Batangas.
Retrieved from http://www.maphill.com/philippines/region-4/batangas/detailed-

maps/terrain-map/
Building Design (2005). CABE cracks down on LIFT. Building Design. [Google Scholar]
CABE. (2002). Corporate strategy 2002–2005. London: CABE. [Google Scholar]
Imperial College London (2013). An Inside View on the Role of Engineering in Government.
Retrieved from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/122969/an-inside-view-role-engineering-
government/
Alexandre L.W. Bradley (2010). Site Constraint. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/site-constraint
106
APPENDICES
107
108
109
CURRICULUM VITAE
(Max 1 Page per Student)
(For final manuscript)
110
Formatting General Guidelines
Titles: 20 Times New Roman
Margins: 3.5 cm Left, 2.5 cm other margins
Line Spacing: 1.5 ( single line for tables)
Paragraph Spacing: 6pt (Before paragraph)
Text Font Size: Times New Roman 12 pt
Follow following standard for headings
Heading1 (16pt, Bold) (Chapter 1)
1.1 Heading2 (14pt, Bold)
1.1.1 Heading3 (13pt, normal)
1.1.1.1 Heading4 (12 pt, normal)
111

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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CEP20 CIVIL ENGINEERING CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

___ June 2023

Name CE Specialization Responsibilities

1.1 Geology Map 5

2.1 Layout Plan 15

2.2 Topographic Map 16

2.3 Geology Map 20

2.4 Standard Penetration Test Index 21

2.5 Allowable Bearing Capacity Controlled 23

2.6 Allowable Bearing Capacity for 25 mm Settlement 24

2.7 Active Faults and Liquefaction Susceptibility Map 26

2.8 Risk, Hazard, and Vulnerability Map 28

2.9 Multi-Hazard Map 30

3.1 Flowchart for Processing and Approval of Private Land 66

4.1 Vicinity Map and Site Development Plan 88

5.1 Work Breakdown Structure 101

2.1 Slope and Land Area Percentage Distribution 15

2.2 Consistency Classification for Fine-Grained Soils 18

2.3 Consistency Classification for Coarse-Grained Soils 18

2.4 Estimated Settlement for Foundation 23

2.5 Allowable Bearing Capacity for Settlement Footing Depth 25

2.6 Estimated Modulus of Subgrade Reaction 25

2.7 Seismic Hazard Assessment 31

2.8 Volcanic Hazard Assessment 31

2.9 Hydro-meteorological Hazard Assessment 32

2.10 Nearest Critical Facilities 33

2.11 Geographic coordinates of the project area 36

2.12 Project Components 37

2.14 Energy/Water Efficiency 38

2.16 Environmental Impacts and Management Plan 41

2.17 Road Classification by Surface pavement (in kilometer) 61

3.1 Proposed Beam Dimensions for Design Alternative One 76

3.2 Minimum Depth of Non-Prestressed Beams 77

3.3 Proposed Column Dimensions for Design Alternative 77

3.4 Beam Design for Alternative One 78

3.5 Column Design for Alternative One 80

3.6 Proposed Beam Dimensions for Design Alternative 81

3.7 Minimum Depth of Non-Prestressed Beams 81

3.8 Proposed Column Dimensions for Design Alternative 82

3.9 Beam Design for Alternative Two 83

3.10 Column Design for Alternative Two 84

4.1 Doors Schedule 95

4.2 Windows Schedule 99

Batangas City is a coastal component city in the province of Batangas. It serves as

1.2.1 Project Locale

LOCATION: Banaba South, Batangas City, 4200

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA:

1.2.1.1 Site Geology

Number of Political Subdivisions: 105 barangays

Coordinates: 13°45'18.91"N, 120°3'32.76"E

Population: Rate as of 2008 census: 135, 237

North – Municipality of San Jose

Northwest – Municipality of San Pascual

East – Municipalities Ibaan, Taysan, Lobo

Figure 1.1 Geology Map

1.2.1.3 Topography, Slope and Elevation

1.2.1.4 Climate Condition

1.2.1.5 Mineral Resources

1.2.1.7 Water Resources

Calumpang River is a perennial body of water with a catchment area of approximately