Probability

Probability is a measure or estimation of how likely an event is to occur.

General Rules of Probability

1. Probability is a number between 0 and 1.
2. The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes in a sample space is 1.

Where is Probability Used?

Probability is used a lot in daily life, Probability is used in such as Math,
Statistics, Finance, Gambling, Science, Machine and Artificial Intelligence,
and in many other activities.
Sample Space
The set of all possible outcomes of a statistical experiment is called the
sample space and is represented by the symbol S.

Events
An event is a subset of a sample space.

Mutually Exclusiveness
Two events A and B are mutually exclusive, or disjoint, if A ∩ B = φ, that is,
if A and B have no elements in common.
Example 2.23
A coin is tossed twice. What is the probability that at least 1 head
occurs?

Example 2.29
What is the probability of getting a total of 7 or 11 when a pair of fair
dice is tossed?
Problem 1:
A coin is tossed and a six-sided die is rolled. Find the probability of
getting a head on the coin and a 6 on the die.

Problem 2:
A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the
probability of:
a) a king of red color;
b) a king or a queen;
c) a black face card;
d) either a spade or a jack;
e) neither a heart nor a red king.
Problem 3:
The independent probabilities that Mr. Jhon and Mr. Smith will be alive
in 20 years’ time are 0.4 and 0.3 respectively. Calculate the probability
that in 20 years' time,
a) both will be alive
b) none will be alive
c) only one will be alive
d) only one will be die
e) at least one will be alive
f) at least one will be die