Angels International College

Name………………........---------- Grade. O.III

Date. Marks.35

Topic: Energy Changes,Rate,Reversible,NH3, H2SO4

1 This question is about ammonia and ammonium salts.

(a) Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber process.

(i) Name the catalyst used in the Haber process.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4, is a fertiliser.

Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium phosphate.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

percentage by mass = .......................................................... [3]

(c) Fertilisers can make soil more acidic.

(i) State the name of a compound used to decrease the acidity of soil.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain how this compound decreases the acidity of soil.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
 (d) Ammonia is formed by the reduction of nitrogen(I) oxide, N2O, with hydrogen.

The reaction is exothermic.

N 2O + 4H2 2NH3 + H2O

Complete and label the energy profile diagram for this reaction to include:

• the reactants and products

• the enthalpy change of the reaction.

energy

reaction pathway
[2]
(e) Copper(II) oxide, CuO, reacts with ammonia.

The products are copper, nitrogen and a liquid which turns blue cobalt(II) chloride paper pink.

Construct the equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 11]

2 This question is about compounds of nitrogen.

(a) The equation represents the equilibrium between N2O4 and NO2 at a high temperature in a
closed container.

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

(i) Predict what happens to the position of equilibrium when the pressure is decreased.

Explain your answer.

prediction ...........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
 (ii) The table shows the concentration of NO2 in the closed container at three different
temperatures.

temperature concentration of NO2

in °C in mol / dm3
100 0.04
150 0.40
200 4.00

State what this information shows about the enthalpy change of the forward reaction.

Explain your answer.

enthalpy change ................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
Iron pyrite, FeS2, is an ore of iron.

When heated in air, FeS2 produces both iron(III) oxide and sulfur dioxide.

(b) Balance the equation shown.

………. FeS2 + ………. O2 ………. Fe2O3 + ……… SO2 [1]

(c) Describe one environmental problem caused by sulfur dioxide in the air.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Describe how sulfur dioxide is converted into sulfuric acid in the contact process.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(e) State one other use of sulfur dioxide.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
 (f) Carbon monoxide reacts with nitrogen monoxide as shown in the equation.

2CO + 2NO 2CO2 + N2

(i) The reaction between carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide is exothermic.

Explain, using ideas about bond breaking and bond forming, why the reaction is
exothermic.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain, using ideas about particles, why increasing the temperature increases the rate
of the reaction between carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

3 The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is catalysed by manganese(IV) oxide.

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

To 50 cm3 of aqueous hydrogen peroxide, 0.50 g of manganese(IV) oxide was added. The
volume of oxygen formed was measured every 20 seconds. The average reaction rate was
calculated for each 20 second interval.

time / s 0 20 40 60 80 100
volume of oxygen / cm3 0 48 70 82 88 88
average reaction rate in cm3 / s 2.4 1.1 ............. 0.3 0.0 0.0

(a) Explain how the average reaction rate, 2.4 cm3 / s, was calculated for the first 20
seconds.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Complete the table. [1]

 (c) Explain why the average reaction rate decreases with time.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) The experiment was repeated but 1.0 g of manganese(IV) oxide was added.
What effect, if any, would this have on the reaction rate and on the final volume of oxygen?
Give a reason for each answer.

effect on rate ............................................................................................................... [1]

reason ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

effect on final volume of oxygen ................................................................................. [1]

reason ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]
The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba lanthanoids
Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116

Fr Ra actinoids
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).