US Political Fiction

“the boys” not boys, but men

Cabal/machine - a bunch of boys

“play ball” – comes from baseball, means: going along with things  you are part of the game

“hooyes” – slang term for nonsense

“stooge” – fool + puppet – controlled by others

The Candidate

Big Brother – the government

Novice/naif vs. “old guard”

Mephistopheles – you can get what you want, but it will cost you your soul

Game change

Sentence semantics

- Contingent sentences
- A entails not B.
- B entails not A.
- A: It is cold.
- B: It is hot.

- Logical contrariety/ logical incompability

- A entails not B.

- B entails not A.

- They may not be both true (both cold and hot)  from this it does not follow that they are
both false (they may both be false – it can be warm)

- A: John killed the wasp.

- B: The wasp is alive.

- A  The wasp is not alive.

- B  The wasp was killed by someone else, or simply died.

 -

- Logical contradiction
- A entails not B. / not B  A
- B entails not A. / not A  B
- A: The wasp is dead.
- B: The wasp is not alive.
- Either/or situation – strictly binary oppositions

- When talking about relation between words (not sentences)  just different terms, same
meaning

- Logic&meaning
- Descriptive meaning: the window is open.
- Expressive/emotive meaning: the fucking window is open.
- Social meaning: ti/Vi; sie/Sie; thou/you  depends who you talk to

   a) A John sold the book to Mary

    B Mary bought the book.

b) A I turned the light off.

    B It is dark now.

      c) A  I drank a whole bottle of water.

   B I am not thirsty now.

You still may be thirsty.

d) A Many liked the show.

    B Nobody liked the show.

CONTRADICTORY

e) A Some of the kids are sick.

    B  Some of the kids are not sick.

MUTUAL EQUIVALENT

       f) A Only fifty per cent of the people here have a job.

   B  Fifty per cent of the people here don´t have a job.

MUTUAL EQUIVALENT
 g) A Yesterday was Sunday.
    B Today is Monday.

EQUIVALENT

            h) A Mary has a nice dress.

    B Mary has a dress.

A entails B, B does not entail A.

      i) A  He died.

   B He passed away.

EQUIVALENT

      j) A  Everyone will lose.

  B No-one will win.

                EQUIVALENT

8) Which logical relation applies to the following pairs of words?

a)  bus, train  COMPATIBILTY

b) married, unmarried CONTRADICTION

c) pleasant, unpleasant CONTRADICTION

d) dead, alive CONTRADICTION

e)  man – male adult EQUIVALENT

Predication

- Process of fusion ne radimo

- Metaphorical shift (resemblence) vs metonymical shift (no resemblence,
logical/factual connection)
- Lyon's ukratko ima (comments and explanations)
- My father died last night. Vs My father passed away last night.