Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PDF Astm c1731 16 Standard Specification For Concrete Floor Tile Compress
PDF Astm c1731 16 Standard Specification For Concrete Floor Tile Compress
Imsf`dctfod: K30;3 ∑ 32
FDYQOI]KYFOD
Ynmm pu
Yn purp
rpos
osmm ob tn
tnfs
fs sp
spmkf
mkfffik
ffikctf
ctfod
od fs to msmstca
tcahfs
hfsn
n tn
tnmm pr
proi
oiuk
uktt sp
spmk
mkfffik
fffikct
ctfo
fods
ds cd
cdi
i ef
efdf
dfeu
eue
e
pmrborecdkm rmqufrmemdts ob kodkrmtm fioor tfhm.
3. [ko
[kopm*
pm* K;;/K;;E [pmkfffikctfod bor Kodkrmtm C``rm`ctms
K;;/K;;E
3.3 Ynfs spmkfffikctfod
spmkfffikctfod kovmrs kodkrmtm
kodkrmtm fioor tfhm (KBY) bor K;6/K;6E Ymst
K;6/K;6E Ymst Emtnoi bor Koeprmssfvm [trmd`tn ob Kyhfd-
cpphfkc
cpp hfkctfo
tfodd cs fdtm
fdtmrfo
rforr cdi mxt
mxtmrfo
mrforr fioo
fioorfd
rfd`.
`. Ynm udf
udfts
ts im- irfkch Kodkr
Kodkrmtm
mtm [pmkfe
[pmkfemds
mds
skrfami ay tnfs spmkfffikctfod crm ecdubckturmi broe kmemdtf- K397/K397E Ymst
K397/K397E Ymst Emtnois bor [cephfd` cdi Ymstfd` Kod-
tfous
tfous ect
ectmrf
mrfchs
chs,, efd
efdmrc
mrchh c``
c``rm
rm`ct
`ctms
ms (d(dor
orech
ech wmf
wmf`n`nt,
t, krmtm Ecsodry ]dfts cdi Qmhctmi ]dfts
hf`ntwmf`nt, or aotn), wctmr, cdi ciiftfvms tnct crm kcst fdto K3=7/K3=7E [pmkfffikctfod
K3=7/K3=7E [pmkfffikctfod bor Worthcdi Kmemdt
vcrfouss tmxtur
vcrfou tmxturms
ms cdi sncpms, obtmd sfeuhctfd` dcturch stodm, K3=0/K3=0E Ymst
K3=0/K3=0E Ymst Emtnoi bor Hmd`tn Kncd`m ob Ncrimdmi
arfkl, tmrrckottc, schtfhho, cdi otnmrs. Nyircuhfk-Km
Nyirc uhfk-Kmemdt
emdt Eortc
Eortcrr cdi Kodkr
Kodkrmtm
mtm
3.1 Ynfs spm
spmkfffik
kfffikctfo
ctfod
d fs hfef
hfeftmi
tmi to rmq
rmqufr
ufrmem
memdts
dts bor tnm K301/K301E Wrc
K301/K301E Wrcktfk
ktfkmm bor [ce
[cephfd
phfd`
` Brm
Brmsnh
snhy
y Efx
Efxmimi Kod
Kod--
pnysfkch cttrfautms bor tnm KBY udfts. krmtm
K127/K127E [pmkfffi
K127/K127E [pmkfffikctfod
kctfod bor Cfr-
Cfr-Mdtrcf
Mdtrcfdfd`
dfd` Ciefx
Ciefxturms
turms
3.; Ynm usm ob rmsuhts broe tmstfd`
tmstfd` fdstchhmi KBY udfts tnct
bor Kodkr
Kodkrmtm
mtm
ncvm ammd rmeovmi broe usm bor imtmrefdfd` kodborecdkm or
K;;3/K;;3E [pmkfffikctfod
K;;3/K;;3E [pmkfffikctfod bor Hf`ntwmf`nt C``rm`ctms bor
dodkod
dodkodbor
borecd
ecdkm
km to tnm rmq
rmqufr
ufrmem
memdts
dts ob tnf
tnfss spm
spmkfffik
kfffikctfo
ctfod
d fs
Kodkrmtm
Kodkrm tm Ecsod
Ecsodryry ]dfts
amyodi tnm skopm ob tnfs spmkfffikctfod.
K9>1 Ymst Emtn
K9>1 Emtnoioi bor Aodi [tr [trmd`
md`tn
tn ob Kmrc
Kmrcefk
efk Yf
Yfhm
hm to
3.9 Ynm vchums stctmi fd fdkn-poud
fdkn-poudii udfts crm to am rm`cr
rm`crimi
imi Worthcdi Kmemdt Wcstm
cs stcdicri. Ynm vchums `fvmd fd pcrmdtnmsms crm ectnmectfkch K969/K969E [pm
K969/K969E [pmkfffik
kfffikctfo
ctfod
d bor Knme
Knmefkc
fkchh Cie
Ciefxt
fxturm
urmss bor
kodvmrsfods to [F udfts tnct crm provfimi bor fdborectfod odhy Kodkrmtm
cdi crm dot kodsfimrmi stcdicri. K=6=/K=6=E [pmkfffikc
K=6=/K=6=E [pmkfffikctfod
tfod bor Ahmdimi Nyir
Nyircuhfk
cuhfk Kmemdts
3.= Ynfs stcdicr
stcdicri i iom
iomss dot purport
purport to cii
ciirm rmss
ss chh ob tnm K23> [pmkfffikctfod bor Koch Bhy Csn cdi Qcw or Kchkfdmi
K23>
scbmt
scbmtyy ko
kodk
dkmr
mrds
ds,, fb cd
cdyy, cs
csso
sokfc
kfctmi
tmi wf
wftn
tn ft
ftss us
usm.
m. Ft fs tn
tnmm Dcturch Wozzohcd bor ]sm fd Kodkrmtm
rmspodsfafhfty ob tnm usmr ob tnfs stcdicri to mstcahfsn cppro- K606/K606E [pmkfffikctfod
K606/K606E [pmkfffikctfod bor Wf`emdts bor Fdtm`rchhy Koh-
prfctm scbmty cdi nmchtn prcktfkms cdi imtmrefdm tnm cpphfkc-
afhfty ob rm`uhctory hfeftctfods prfor to usm. ormi Kodkrmtm
K6>6/K6>6E
K6>6/K6>6E [p
[pmk
mkfffik
fffikctf
ctfod
od bo
borr [h
[hc`
c` Km
Kmemd
emdtt bo
borr ]s
]smm fd
Kodkrmtm cdi Eortcrs
1. Qmbmrmdk
Qmbmrmdkmi
mi Iokuemdts
Iokuemdts
K376; Wrcktfk
K376; Wrcktfkmm bor Ckkrmiftctfod
Ckkrmiftctfod ob Ymstfd` C`mdkfms bor
1.3 C[YE [tcdicris:1 Ecsodry
K;3/K;3E Wrcktfkm bor Eclfd` cdi Kurfd` Kodkrmtm Ymst
K;3/K;3E K3332/K3332E [pmkfffikctfod
K3332/K3332E [pmkfffikctfod bor Bfamr-Qmfdborkmi Kodkrmtm
[pmkfemds fd tnm Bfmhi K33=0/K33=0E Wmr Wmrbor
borecd
ecdkmkm [pm
[pmkfffik
kfffikctfo
ctfod
d bor Nyi
Nyircu
rcuhfk
hfk
Kmemdt
3
Ynfs spmkfffikctfod
spmkfffikctfod fs udimr tnm jurfs
jurfsifktfo
ifktfod
d ob C[YE Koeefttmm
Koeefttmm K3= od K31;1 Ymrefdoho`y
K31;1 Ymrefdoho`y ob Ecsodry
Ecdubckturmi Ecsodry ]dfts cdi fs tnm ifrmkt rmspo
Ecdubckturmi rmspodsfafh
dsfafhfty
fty ob [uako
[uakoeefttm
eefttmmm K3;=;/K3;=;E Ymst Emt
K3;=;/K3;=;E Emtnoi
noi bor Car
Carcsfo
csfod
d Qmsf
Qmsfstcd
stcdkm
km ob
K3=.7; od
K3=.7; od Kodkrmtm Ecsodry ]dfts cdi Qmhctmi ]dfts.
Ifemdsfod [todm [uajmktmi to Boot Yrcbbfk ]sfd` c Qotcry
Kurrmdt miftfod cpprovmi Judm 3, 1732. Wuahfsnmi Juhy 1732. Orf`fdchhy cpprovmi
fd 173;. Hcst prmvfous miftfod cpprovmi fd 173= cs K30;3 ‛ 3=. IOF: 37.3=17/ Whctbore Carcsmr
K30;3‛32. K3277/K3277E [pmkfffikctfod
K3277/K3277E [pmkfffikctfod bor Qcpfi Ncrimdfd` Nyircu-
1
Bor rmbmrmdkmi C[YE stcdicris, vfsft tnm C[YE wmasftm, www.cste.or`, or hfk Kmemdt
kodtckt C[YE Kustoemr [mrvfkm ct smrvfkmGcste.or`. Bor Cdduch Aool ob C[YE
[tcdicris vohuem fdborectfod, rmbmr to tnm stcdicri‖s Iokuemdt [ueecry pc`m od K3271/K3271E [pmkfffikc
K3271/K3271E [pmkfffikctfod
tfod bor Efxfd
Efxfd`` Pctmr ]smi fd tnm
tnm C[YE wmasftm. Wroiuktfod ob Nyircuhfk Kmemdt Kodkrmtm
3
K30;3 ∑ 32
K329=/K329=E Ymst
K329=/K329=E Ymst Emtnoi bor Brmmzm-tncw cdi Im-fkfd` =. Wnysfkch Wropmrtfms
Wropmrtfms
[chtt Iur
[ch Iurcaf
cafhfty
hfty ob [oh
[ohfi
fi Kod
Kodkrm
krmtm
tm Fdt
Fdtmrh
mrhokl
oklfd`
fd` Wcv
Wcvfd`
fd`
=.3 Ifemdsfods:
]dfts
=.3.3
=.3 .3 KBY udfts
udfts snc
snchh
hh ncv
ncvmm c efd
efdfeu
feue
e tnf
tnfkld
kldmss
mss ob 3 ⁉ 9 fd.
DOYM 3’Cd fdstchhctfod `ufim bor kodkrmtm fioor tfhm (KBY) fs amfd` (2.9 ee) cdi c ecxfeue tnfkldmss ob 3.1 fd. (;7 ee).
imvmhopmi kodkurrmdthy fd [uakoeefttmm K3=.7= Ecsodry Cssmeahfms. =.3.1
=.3 .1 KBY udfts
udfts snc
snchh
hh dot mxkmmi
mxkmmi ;2 fd. (639 ee) fd cdy
1.1 CD[F [tcdicris: bckm ifemdsfod.
C3;0.3-1731 Cemrfkcd
C3;0.3-1731 Cemrfkcd Dctfodch [tcdicri [pmkfffikctfod bor =.3.; Ifemdsfodch Yohmrcdkms:
Kmrcefk Yfhm; =.3.;.3 [tcdicri ]dfts’ BorBor stcdicri udfts, do ovmrchh if-
emdsfod (wfitn, nmf`nt, cdi hmd`tn) snchh ifbbmr ay eorm tncd
;. Ymrefdoho`y 23 ⁉ > fd. (;.1 ee) broe tnm spmkfffimi ifemdsfods.
=.3.;.1 Frrm`uhc
Frrm`uhcrr ]dfts’ Bo
Borr fr
frrm
rm`u
`uhc
hcrr ud
udft
ftss tn
tnct
ct bm
bmctucturm rm
;.3 Ymrefdoho`y imffidmi fd Ymrefdoho`y
Ymrefdoho`y K31;1
K31;1 snchh
snchh cpphy
imhfamrctm ifemdsfodch vcrfctfods eorm tncd 2 ⁉ > fd. (;.1 ee),
3
1
K30;3 ∑ 32
schts fd smrvfk
smrvfkmm snchh am tmstmi fd tcp wctmr.
wctmr. [pmkfemds scephmi =.6.1 Bor mckn udft, iydcefk kombb
kombbfkfmdt ob brfktfo
brfktfod
d vchums
broe udfts tnct wfhh am mxposmi to imfkfd` ectmrfchs fd smrvfkm bor wmt surbckms snchh am 7.91 or `rmctmr.
snchh am tmstmi fd c ; % schfdm sohutfod. Fb tnm KBY fs too hcr`m DOYM ;’[mchfd` KBY udfts ecy cbbmkt kombbfkfmdt ob brfktfod vchums.
to tms
tmstt bu
buhh-
hh-sfz
sfzmm iu
iumm to sp
spmkf
mkfem
emd d ko
kodffi
dffi`u
`urc
rctf
tfod
od or hck
hckl
l ob 2. [ceph
[cephfd`
fd`
suftcahm spmkfemd kodtcfdmrs, oatcfd c spmkfemd ay scw-kuttfd`
c buhh-nmf`nt koupod wftn c surbckm crmc ob ct hmcst 16.= fd. 1 2.3 [cephfd`
[cephfd` Kodk rmtm Efxms’ Broe mckn ecdub
Kodkrmtm ecdubckturfd
ckturfd`
`
(367 ke1). hokctfod,
hokctfo d, oatcfd rmprmsmdtctfvm
rmprmsmdtctfvm scephms broe stcdic
stcdicri
ri proi
proiuk-
uk-
tfod ob mckn kodkrmtm efx usmi bor KBY, cs cpproprfctm bor tnm
=.9.; Ynm cvmrc`m
cvmrc`m ecss hoss ob chh tnm spmkfemds
spmkfemds tmstmi snchh
1 pnysfkch propmrty fd [mktfod
[mktfod =.
dot am `rmctmr tncd: (c) 11= `/e wnmd suajmkt to 1> brmmzm-
1 2.1 [cephfd` Kodkrmtm Bhoor Yfhm’ Broe
Broe mckn ecdubcktur-
tncw kykhms, or: (a) =77 `/e wnmd suajmkt to 96 brmmzm-tncw
kykhms. fd` hokctfod, oatcfd scephms ob KBY udfts tnct crm rmprmsmdtc-
tfvm ob tnm proiuktfod broe wnfkn tnmy crm smhmktmi.
=.= Pctmr Casorptfod:
2.; Ymst scephms afcdduchhy
afcdduchhy or wnmd ectmrfchs,
ectmrfchs, proportfods,
proportfods,
=.=.3
=.=.3 [ce
[cephm
phm cdi tmst tnrmm KBY udfudfts
ts fd ckk
ckkori
oricdk
cdkmm wftn
or pro
proiuk
iuktfo
tfodd emt
emtnoi
noiss ncv
ncvmm knc
kncd`m
d`mi,
i, wnf
wnfknm
knmvmr
vmr fs eor
eormm
Ymst Emtnoi K397/K397E
Emtnoi K397/K397E..
brmqumdt.
=.=.1 Wmrbo
Wmrbore
re tmsts od buhh-sfzm
buhh-sfzm KBY udfts. Fb tnm KBY fs too 2.;.3 Ymstfd` hcaorctorfms
hcaorctorfms snchh am ckkrmi
ckkrmiftmi
ftmi fd ckkori
ckkoricdkm
cdkm
hcr`m bor tnm tmstfd` cppcrctus, tnm udft snchh am kut to > ay > fd.
wftn
wft n Wrc
Wrcktfk
ktfkmm K376; or cd mqmquf
ufvc
vchmd
hmdtt st
stcd
cdic
icri
ri fb tms
tmstfd
tfd``
(17;
(17;.1
.1 ay 1717;.
;.1
1 ee
ee)) or cs dm dmkm
kmss
sscr
cryy to ffit tn tnmm tm
tmst
stfd
fd`
` pmrboremi
pmrbo remi ay hcaor
hcaorctorfms
ctorfms dot spmkfchf
spmkfchfzfd`
zfd` fd ecsod
ecsodry
ry ectmrf-
cppcrctus. chs.
=.=.;
=.=.; Ynm cvm
cvmrc`
rc`mm KBY wctmr cas
casorp
orptfo
tfod
d snc
snchh
hh dot mxkmmi 2.;.
2.;.1
1 Ch
Chhh sc
scep
ephms
hms snchh
snchh am tms
tmstm
tmi
i ct hmc
hmcst
st 1> ic
icys
ys cb
cbtm
tmrr
31 % wftn do fdifvfiuch spmkfemd mxkmmifd` 39 %. ecdubckturm udhmss otnmrwfsm fdifkctmi.
=.2 Bhmxurch Hoci: 2.9 Kohor
Kohor cdi Ymxtumxturm ’ Fb
rm’ F b ko
kodk
dkrm
rmtm
tm fio
fioor
or tf
tfhm
hm nc
ncvf
vfd`
d` c
=.2.3
=.2.3 [ce
[cephm
phm cdi tmst tnrmm KBY udf
udfts
ts fd ckk
ckkori
oricdk
cdkmm wftn pcrtfku
pcrtfkuhcr
hcr koh
kohor
or,, koh
kohor
or rcd
rcd`m,
`m, or tmx
tmxtur
turmm crm ims
imsfrmi
frmi,, tnms
tnmsmm
Cddmx C2 ob Ymst Emtnoi K397/K397E
K397/K397E.. bmctur
bmcturms
ms snc
snchh
hh am spm
spmkfffi
kfffimi
mi smp
smpcrc
crctmhy
tmhy ay tnm pur
purknc
kncsmr
smr.. Ynm
=.2.1 Ynm cvmrc`m KBY fimxurch
fimxurch hoci snchh am `rmctmr tncd or tmxturm ob tnm ffidfsnmi surbckms tnct wfhh am mxposmi wnmd fd
mquch to ;77 has (3;;9 D) wftn do fdifvfiuch spmkfemd hmss phckm snchh kodbore to cd cpprovmi scephm kodsfstfd` ob dot
tncd 1=7 has (3331 D). hmss tncd bour kodkrmtm fioor tfhms, mckn rmprmsmdtfd` tnm tmxturm
imsfrmi. Ynm kohor rcd`m snchh am fdifkctmi ay tnm cpprovmi
=.0 Hmd`tn Kncd`m:
scephms.
=.0.3 Ynm kodkrmtm
kodkrmtm efx snchh am tmstmi bor hmd`tn
hmd`tn kncd`m fd
ckkoricdkm wftn Ymst Emtnoi K3=0/K3=0E
Emtnoi K3=0/K3=0E mxkmpt
mxkmpt cs eoifffimi 0. Wckl
Wcklc`fd
c`fd`
` cdi Wcklc`m
Wcklc`m Ecrlfd`
amhow: 0.3 Mckn pcklc`m snchh fimdtfby tnm ecdub
ecdubckturmr‖
ckturmr‖ss dcem,
=.0.3.3
=.0.3 .3 [cephm kodkrmtm
kodkrmtm broe rm`uhcr proiuktfod
proiuktfod fd ckkor
ckkor-- proi
proiuk
uktt dc
dcem
em cd
cdi
i fifimd
mdtf
tfffik
ffikct
ctfo
fod,
d, ic
ictm
tm cd
cdii ho
hokc
kctftfod
od ob
icdkm
icd km wft
wftn
n Wrc
Wrcktfk
ktfkmm K301/K301E cdi
cdi eoeohi
hi tn
tnrm
rmmm pr
prfs
fse
e ecdubc
ecd ubcktu
kturm,
rm, cdi stc
stctmem
tmemdtdt ob pro
proiuk
iuktt kod
kodbor
borefty
efty to tnftnfss
spmkfemds bor tmstfd` bohhowfd` tnm rmqufrmemdts fd Wrokmiurms spmkfffikctfod.
bor Eohifd` [pmkfemds, Kodkrmtm [pmkfemdts ob Ymst Emtnoi
>. Kmrt
Kmrtfffikc
fffikctfod
tfod
K3=0/K3=0E..
K3=0/K3=0E
=.0.1 Ynm hmd`tn kncd`m
kncd`m ob mckn spmkfemd snchh dot mxkmmi >.3 ]pod rmqumst
rmqumst ob tnm purkncsmr fd tnm kodtrckt
kodtrckt or orimr c
27.37 % wnmd tmstmi ct smvmd icys cbtmr ecdubckturm.
ecdubckturmr‖s rmport snchh am burdfsnmi ct tnm tfem ob snfp-
emdtt stc
emd stctfd`
tfd` rmsuhts
rmsuhts ob tmst
tmstss eci
ecimm od sce
scephms
phms broe rm`
rm`uhc
uhcrr
=.> Carcsfod Qmsfstcdkm: proi
proiuk
uktfo
tfod
d cd
cdii km
kmrt
rtfb
fbyf
yfd`
d` tn tnct
ct tn
tnmm KBY ududfts
fts ko
kodb
dbor
oree to
=.>.3
=.>.3 [ce
[cephm
phm cdi tmst tnr
tnrmm
mm buh
buhh-s
h-sfzm
fzm KBY udfts fd ckko
ckkor-
r- cpphfkcahm
cpphfkcahm rmqufr
rmqufrmemdts
memdts ob tnfs spmkfffi
spmkfffikctfod
kctfod..
icdkm wftn Ymst Emtnoi K3;=;/K3;=;E
K3;=;/K3;=;E.. DOYM 9’@uficdkm od prmpcrfd` tnm ecdubckturmr‖s rmport fs provfimi
=.>.1 Bor mckn udft, KBY wmcr fdimx snchh
snchh am 17 or `rmctmr.
`rmctmr. fd Cppmdifx ^3.
fd ^3.
;
K30;3 ∑ 32
CWWMDIF^
(Dodecdictory Fdborectfod)
^3. ECD]B
ECD]BCKY]QMQ
CKY]QMQ‖[
‖[ QMWOQY
^3.3 C koephmtm
koephmtm rmport snchh fdkhuim tnm bohhow
bohhowfd`:
fd`: ^3.3.= Pmf`nt hoss cs c pmrkmd
pmrkmdtc`m
tc`m ob tnm orf`fdch wmf`nt ob
^3.3.3
^3.3.3 Ifemds
Ifemdsfods
fods ob mckn KBY udft spmkfffimi< tnm iry KBY udfts cs imtmrefdmi fd =.9
=.9<<
^3.3.1
^3.3.1 Ynm wmf`nt pmr crmc ob KBY udfts<
udfts< ^3.3.=.3
^3.3. =.3 Ynm dueamr ob kykhms ct tnm tfem ob KBY ifsfdtm-
ifsfdtm-
`rctfod<
^3.3.; Ynm ecxfeue koeprmssfvm
^3.3.; koeprmssfvm hoci feposmi od mckn
scephm
scep hm cho
chod`
d` wft
wftn
n tnm koe
koeprm
prmssfv
ssfvmm str
strmd`
md`tn
tn fd pou
poudis
dis pmr ^3.3.=.1
^3.3. =.1 Ynm typm ob armcl
armclc`m
c`m or ifsfdt
ifsfdtm`rctfo
m`rctfod
d fd imtcfh<
squcrm fdkn cs imtmrefdmi fd
fd =.1
=.1<< ^3.3.2
^3.3.2 Pctmr casorptfod
casorptfod cs imtmrefdmi fd
fd =.=
=.=<<
^3.3.9
^3.3 .9 Ynm ec ecxf xfeu
eue
e ho
hoci
ci cd
cdi
i sn
snmcr
mcr ao
aodi
di st
strm
rmd`
d`tn
tn cs
^3.3.0
^3.3.0 Ecxfe
Ecxfeue
ue fimxurch hoci cs imtmrefdmi
imtmrefdmi fd =.2
=.2<<
imtmrefdmi
imtmref dmi fd
fd =.;
=.;<<
^3.3.9.3
^3.3. 9.3 Ynm hokctfod ob bcfhurm ob mckn spmkfemd snchh am ^3.3.>
^3.3.> Hmd`t
Hmd`tn
n kncd`m cs imtmrefdmi fd
fd =.0
=.0<<
dotmi, tnct fs, fd tnm KBY udft ftsmhb amtwmmd tnm kodkrmtm tfhm
^3.3.6 Carcs
Carcsfod
fod rmsfstcdkm
rmsfstcdkm cs imtmref
imtmrefdmi
dmi fd =.>
=.><< cdi
udft cdi tnm aodi koct, amtwmmd tnm aodi koct cdi tnm eortcr
smttfd` ami, cdi fd tnm smttfd` ami ftsmhb< ^3.3.37
^3.3.37 [tctfk kombb
kombbfkfmdt ob brfktfo
brfktfod
d cs imtmrefdmi fd
fd =.6
=.6..
[]EECQV OB KNCD@M[
Koeefttmm K3= ncs fimdtfffimi tnm hokctfod ob smhmktmi kncd`ms to tnfs stcdicri sfdkm tnm hcst fssum
(K30;3 ‛ 3=) tnct ecy fepckt tnm usm ob tnfs stcdicri. (Judm 3, 1732)
(3) Qmvfsmi
Qmvfsmi =.6
=.6,, =.6.3
=.6.3,, cdi
cdi =.6.1
=.6.1..
(1) Imh
Imhmtmi
mtmi Ymst
Ymst Emt Emtnoi
noi K37 K371>1> brobroe
e 1.3 cdi cii
ciimi
mi CD[F
C3;0.3-1731 to 1.1.
Koeefttmm K3= ncs fimdtfffimi tnm hokctfod ob smhmktmi kncd`ms to tnfs stcdicri sfdkm tnm hcst fssum (K30;3 ‛
3;) tnct ecy fepckt tnm usm ob tnfs stcdicri. (Juhy 3, 173=)
(3) Qmvfsmi =.;
Qmvfsmi =.; to
to khcrfby tnm typm ob eortcr suastrctm to usm bor
tnm snmcr aodi tmst.
C[YE
fd tnfs Fdtmrdctf
Fdtmrdctfodch
stcdicri. odch tclms
]smrs ob tnfsdo posftfod
posftf
stcdicri odcrm
rmspmktfd`
mxprmsshytnm vchfifty
vchfif
civfsmi ty ob cdy
tnct pctmdt rf`nts
imtmrefdctfod cssmrtmi
cssmrt
ob tnm mi fdobkoddmk
vchfifty koddmktfod
tfodpctmdt
cdy sukn wftn cdy ftmecdi
rf`nts, emdtfodmi
emdtfo
tnm dmi
rfsl
ob fdbrfd`memdt ob sukn rf`nts, crm mdtfrmhy tnmfr owd rmspodsfafhfty.
Ynfs stcdicri fs suajmkt to rmvfsfod ct cdy tfem ay tnm rmspodsfahm tmkndfkch koeefttmm cdi eust am rmvfmwmi mvmry ffivm ymcrs cdi
fb dot rmvfsmi, mftnmr rmcpprovmi or wftnircwd. Vour koeemdts crm fdvftmi mftnmr bor rmvfsfod ob tnfs stcdicri or bor ciiftfodch stcdicris
cdi snouhi am ciirmssmi to C[YE Fdtmrdctfodch Nmciqucrtmrs. Vour koeemdts wfhh rmkmfvm kcrmbuh kodsfimrctfod ct c emmtfd` ob tnm
rmspodsfahm
rmspod sfahm tmkndfkch
tmkndfkch koeefttmm, wnfkn you ecy cttmdi. Fb you bmmh tnct your koeemdts ncvm dot rmkmfv
rmkmfvmi
mi c bcfr nmcrfd` you snouhi
eclm your vfmws ldowd to tnm C[YE Koeefttmm od [tcdicris, ct tnm ciirmss snowd amhow.
Ynfs stcdicri fs kopyrf`ntmi ay C[YE Fdtmrdctfodch, 377 Acrr Ncraor Irfvm, WO Aox K077, Pmst Kodsnonoklmd, WC 3691>-16=6,
]dftmi [tctms. Fdifvfiuch rmprfdts (sfd`hm or euhtfphm kopfms) ob tnfs stcdicri ecy am oatcfdmi ay kodtcktfd` C[YE ct tnm caovm
ciirmss
ciirmss or ct 237-
237->;1-
>;1-6=>=
6=>= (pno
(pnodm),
dm), 237-
237->;1-
>;1-6===
6=== (bcx
(bcx),
), or smrv
smrvfkmG
fkmGcste
cste.or`
.or` (m-e
(m-ecfh)
cfh)<< or tnro
tnrou`n
u`n tnm C[YE wmas
wmasftm
ftm
(www.cste.
(www .cste.or`).
or`). Wmrefssfod
Wmrefssfod rf`nts to pnotokopy tnm stcdic
stcdicri
ri ecy chso am smkurm
smkurmi
i broe tnm Kopyrf
Kopyrf`nt
`nt Khmcrcdkm Kmdtmr,
Kmdtmr, 111
Qosmwooi Irfvm, Icdvmrs, EC 7361;, Ymh: (60>) 292-1277< nttp://www.kopyrf`nt.koe/