HS Deposit Features ProExplo Final

High-sulfidation epithermal deposits ProExplo, May 2023
High-sulfidation deposits
Tukari epithermal Au deposit (60 t); discovery at

5000 m in Ag-vein region, Aruntani district, S. Peru
Lithocap alteration, and high-sulfidation gold mineralization (or not)
transition to the tops of porphyry copper deposits
2. Lecture content
Outline
• Lithocap-hosted Cu-Au deposits

• Discovery below steam-heated blankets
• Discovery despite dogma
• Discovery below lithocaps: transition to porphyry
• Permeability
Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 1

High-sulfidation deposits
Steam-heated kaolin-alunite +
opal blanket near paleosurface
H2S + O2 à H2SO4
Geometry of lithocaps ± high sulfidation ore

Lithology- controlled
§ Lithocaps: permeable lithologic horizon; core lithocap qtz-alun
of residual quartz, halos of alunite-kaolinite-
dickite (barren on formation)
§ All lithocaps have feeders – but not all feeders
have lithocaps (if no permeable horizon) Residual quartz
± enargite + Au
§ Many lithocaps remain barren; where
mineralized by subsequent metal-bearing
white-mica liquid, best grades in feeder zones
Structure-
controlled feeder
modified from Sillitoe, 1995; Hedenquist et al., 1998;

Chang and White, 2005
Features of lithocaps, and high- Vuggy quart is steep
sulfidation ore deposits
Residual quartz is resistant, typically steep;

main ore host IF mineralized, must be sampled
Mulatos, Mexico Sauzal, Mexico

150+ t Au ~60 t Au

Discovery
2014
400 m
Residual (vuggy) quartz is steep; and

must be sampled to assess prospect
Alain Charest, – residual quartz is main ore host
Discoveries
Ejemplos de descubrimientos a pesar del

dogma prevalente
Muchos depósitos fueron descubiertos por

compañías que vinieron después de que otros
grupo(s) anteriores fallaran - ¿por qué?
Algunos depósitos fueron descubiertos por la

primera compañía - ¿cómo?

Lithocaps Salares Norte
Quimsacocha
500 km La Coipa
Yanacocha
Andes:
preserved
belts of
Aruntani, lithocaps
(schematic) Preserved
Canahuire 500 km
Valeriano
lithocaps
Pascua
El Indio
Sillitoe et al., 2016
2. Lecture content
Outline

• Permeability

Cu
Cerro Campana Steam-heated alteration
~4400 m RL
Lacustrine sediments with

bedded native S Viento pit
~4250 m RL,
top of ore
Steam-heated alteration
Plant, Roasters
~3900 m RL
Nate Brewer and

JWH photos
100 m
El Indio: high-sulfidation massive enargite
with late, high-grade (IS-type) quartz-pyrite-
gold veins (direct shipping ore, average 200
g/t Au), with white mica halos
4050 mL; surface at ~4250 m (Viento pit),

paleosurface at ~4400 m (steam-heated horizon)
Jannas et al., 1990

El Indio 3500 vein: quartz-pyrite-Au (tn-ccp) with mica

halo, post enargite (DSO: 200 g/t Au average; cutoff 100
g/t, 1.5 Moz of 8 Moz)
Barren HS ore IS ore, Au stage
Jannas
et al.,
1990,
1999
Extreme boiling and

vapor loss (flashing)
1000
Creamy silica colloids = amorphous silica
boiling hot
500 spring

Tucari 2 Moz
Size matters …
much of the
time; but see
El Indio 8 Moz
El Indio!
Arribas et al., 2000
Pascua (Nevada), Chile
SSW to Esperanza Sur, ~5000 m, 1994
steam-heated alteration
supergene oxidation

Pascua-Lama Au-Ag deposit, Chile: steam-heated cover, View, looking west from Steam-heated alteration
supergene oxidized ore (450 t Au) Lama, Argentina
NW
steam-heated alteration
SE
supergene alteration
Barrick
La Coipa Au-Ag district, Chile Coipa Norte: steam-heated alunite-kaolinite

Existing mine
blanket, over residual quartz & Ag-Au ore
District view, looking north

Arribas et al.,
2005
White, porous rock: Puren

opal, alunite, kaolinite
Coipa Norte
Brecha Norte
Pompeya
Can-Can
Ladera-Farellon ore bodies, early 1990s mining
Ladera-Farellon
Residual quartz Ag-Au ore Photo: Kinross

La Coipa, Chile, mining district: Local insight
Puren IS discovery (early 2000s)

Opal horizon
Puren North Target
≤ 3 g/t Ag
Puren South Target
– History of Discovery 1050 NE: Alteration

SH kaol
1050 NE: Silver
qtz
>65 g/t Ag
2007-2008: Area selection
illite
& reconnaissance using La Coipa (Puren) model
• 2,500 km2 area selected; minor previous exploration; open ground
• Few roads, high elevation (+4,000m); Seasonal exploration (Oct-Apr)
• Focus on spectral anomalies within NW-SE structural corridor
• 4Regional
of 10 targets
Salares Norte – selected
Regional
Settings for detailed follow-up work
Context
& Deposits
Underexplored
Maricunga Gold Belt
Salares Norte
Salares Norte
• Total endowment + 90 Moz AuEq.
Pedernales Salt
Lake
Salares Norte • All, except La Coipa, Esperanza and Salares
Esperanza Norte are porphyry-style Au (Cu) deposits; large
La Coipa
but low grade.
220 km
Cerro Maricunga • La Coipa in Care and Maintenance, 2013

~7.5 Moz AuEq production over 25 years.
Lobo Marte
La Coipa Volcan • Maricunga (Refugio) suspended, 2016

~3 Mozs Au production over 20 years.
Maricunga (Refugio)
25 km Salares Norte
• –Salares
HistoryNorte
of Discovery
is the first discovery in the
Caspiche 10part
northern kmof the Maricunga gold belt.
Cerro Casale
• 2007-2008: Area selection & reconnaissance using La Coipa (Puren) model
he Salares Norte Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit, Northern Chile | January• 2017 2,500 km2 area selected; minor previous exploration; open ground 7
The Discovery and Geology of the Salares Norte Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit, Northern Chile•| January
Few 2017
roads, high elevation (+4,000m); Seasonal exploration
5 (Oct-Apr)
Gold Fields:
• Focus on spectral anomalies within NW-SE structural corridor
Azevedo et al., 2015, NewGenGold
Brewer et al., 2017 • 4 of 10 targets selected for detailed follow-up work
Salares Norte

alares Norte – Alunite / Kaolinite Alteration, Aster Data
Salares Norte, Chile New tools
Rio Baker
Dacite Dome
ASTER (+Landsat) image: alunite (orange),

kaolinite (yellow), opal (light blue)
Looking NW Brewer et al., 2017
Alunite and kaolinite in orange and yellow; steam-heated silica in pale blue;
based on Aster data.
Discovery and Geology of the Salares Norte Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit, Northern Chile | January 2017
Brewer et al., 2017 Alteration mapping
8 November 2021
2011 Discovery
2015 Gold Fields resource:
27 Mt, 4 g/t Au, 47 g/t Ag
THE DISCOVERY AND GEOLOGY OF THE SALARES NORTE

EPITHERMAL GOLD-SILVER DEPOSIT, NORTHERN CHILE
AME ROUNDUP 2017, VANCOUVER
Nathan Brewer, Francisco Azevedo, Diego Huete Verdugo, Teresa Guevara, Fernando Rojas,
JuanitaArribas
Antonio Rodriguez Melo,Hedenquist
and Jeffrey Christian Lagos, Claudio Cerda, Constanza Moreno, Regina 10
Baumgartner, Alex Trueman and Andrew Foley
Salares Norte – Discovery hole SNRC002
NE LOOKING SE SW
Salares Norte, Chile: Extensive cover of steam-heated alteration Low-grade surface Andesite
Dacite Dome
Dome
Brecha
Principal
SNRC002
96m @ 1.54 g/t Au y 61 g/t Ag

Brewer et al., 2017
• Hydrothermal breccia; advanced argillic alteration (silica-alunite-vuggy quartz)
• Anomalous trace elements in “soil”: As, Sb, Pb, Bi, Hg Ano
Rock chips ≤35 ppb Au
gold
• Low gold (<24 ppb) except one sample with 628 ppb Au below breccia outcrop. sam
(talus fines)
• Margin of magnetic low; Coincident resistor identified by CSAMT.
• Model had been proved positive at Pircas.
st lost at 85 m); 2nd, 96 m @ 1.5 g/t from 189 m
Two
• Two RCRCholes:
holes1(1
st hole lost @ 85m; 2nd hole successful: 96m @ 1.5 g/t Au from 189m
Salares Norte - Brecha Principal – Alteration Model

The Discovery and Geology of the Salares Norte Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit, Northern Chile | January 2017
Section 4,000NW – Looking NW
SW NE
Salares Norte, Chile 3 advanced argillic
STH 4500 m
STH 3 Supergene
2 AAA Oxidation limit
paleowater
table SIC
300 m
SI
4,370
ARM AAA
AKD
4200 m
1 ARM
Creamy silica gel
ARS
Brewer et al., 2017
3 origins of “advanced argillic” minerals... ARI
Overprinting...report minerals, textures, morphology
2. Steam-
Steam Quartz -
hypogene
Illite/smectite
heated
LEGEND STH AAA ARS ARM Smectite (Argillic)

Heated Alunite
Chalcedonic Kaolinite -
SIC AKD PO Potassic Unaltered
silica , opal Dickite
1.
UNA
Rock
bonanza Massive and
SI ARI Illite PR Propylitic
Au grades cream silica
he Discovery and Geology of the Salares Norte Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit, Northern Chile | January 2017 17

ProExplo, May 2023
Salares High-sulfidation
Norte – Gold epithermal
Grade deposits
Shell
NW LONGITUDINAL SECTION LOOKING TO NE SE
Blind discovery
Salares Norte, Chile
Top of mineralisation ~4370

Top of mineralisation ~4310
1
Open
Agua Amarga - 700m

Gold (g/t)
0 - 0.05
0.05 - 0.25
Brecha Principal - 700m
0.25 - 0.5
0.5 - 1
1 – 2.5
2.5 – 5
5 – 2,850 Brewer et al., 2017
The Discovery and Geology of the Salares Norte Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposit, Northern Chile | January 2017
2. Lecture content
Outline

• Permeability

Depth to ore
Yanacocha, Peru
World’s largest enargite (supergene oxidized)-Au
mining district (~1200 t Au production)
1980 to mid 1990s:

all (known) gold deposits outcropped (>0.5 g/t Au)
residual qtz, Au (oxidized

clay,
enargite) in lithocap
pyrite
Carachugo
Depth to ore
1970s: BGS sampling for base metals

1991: COGEMA drilled 10 holes, 1869 m
1993: JV w/ Newmont drilled 7656 m
(av. 93 m, inclined; 2 m @ 83 g/t Au)
1999: JV w/ IAMGold
2002 end: IAMGold drills (av. 330 m)
2004 July: 40th hole, 101 m at 9.5 g/t Au
2005 Oct: 2.8 Moz Au initial resource
http://www.iamgold.com/presentations2006.asp

Depth to ore
Diatreme
breccia w/
porphyry Cu
fragments
2 km
Newmont mapping, 1990s
Depth to ore
Alteration distribution
Diatreme
breccia w/
porphyry Cu
fragments
Residual
quartz
Quartz-alunite
Newmont mapping, 1990s

http://www.iamgold.com/presentations2006.asp Depth to ore
“Stacked” lithocaps; where is the feeder?
93 m
Silicic horizons, ± Au Tuffs: strong lithologic
control to residual
quartz llithocap
http://www.iamgold.com/presentations2006.asp Feeder zone
100 200 C 300

acidic

Epithermal alteration and sulfide mineralogy

Low sufidation veins (rifts):
ores ~50-300 m depth
illite, clays; chalcedony, adularia, calcite steam-heated blankets;
kaolinite, alunite; electrum, selenides; minor sulfides
(arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, local high-Fe sphalerite)
Intermediate sulfidation veins (arcs):

ores <200 to 500-700+ m depth
muscovite (“sericite”); quartz adularia, carbonates,
rhodochrosite, barite, anhydrite;
local (early) high-temp hypogene alunite, pyrophyllite, dickite,
diaspore on structures; electrum, tellurides, variable (to high)
sulfide content (chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, low-Fe sphalerite, etc.)
High sulfidation replacements, veins (arcs):

residual quartz core, feeder lithocap; halo of quartz-alunite,
out to kaolinite-dickite, local pyrophyllite, diaspore (nearer
feeder) – barren (<50 ppb Au); ore stage (muscovite stable):
electrum, tellurides, enargite-luzonite, covellite, So, barite,
ahydrite, late tetrahedrite-tennantite, chalcopyrite
compiled by Hedenquist et al., 1996 from Henley and Ellis, 1983, Reyes, 1990;
unpub.; for further vein style characteristics, see Sillitoe and Hedenquist, 2003
“Stacked” lithocaps, upper barren ... Feeder zone
feeder zone has hghest grades
~1 km east: qtz
vein (30 cm) with
enargite, Au:
3600 m elev
http://www.iamgold.
com/presentations2
006.asp

http://www.iamgold.com/presentations2006.asp Lithocap horizon
Longitudinal section, N-S
drill sufficiently deep,

below barren levels
Loma Larga, ~ 3.3 Moz Au (now 2.2 Moz, UG cutoff)

(2018 reserve: 13.9 Mt @ 4.9 g/t Au, 30 g/t Ag, 0.3% Cu)
Intrusive center margin
Sipan,
Peru
Candiotti, 1996

Year discovery (production) Discoveries
Miocene volcanic arc, Peru: mid 80s (1993)
>3000 t Au discovered in lithocap-hosted deposits 2000 (2005)

in north Peru over ~16 years
1996 (1998)
Southern Peru known as a silver region;

no gold mines until 2002, now >300 t Au (in Moquegua,
Puno, Cusco, Ayacucho, Apurimac departments) Orcopampa,
Arcata, etc.
Alto Chicama, Peru: 430 t Au, siltstone hosted Ag veins 1997, 2000
(2002, 2004)
Aruntani
2008: Canahuire
Cardozo
New districts
5240 m
Tukari, Aruntani district
Late Miocene (enargite)-Au deposits, Aruntani district, southern Peru:

Discovery of a new ore type in an abandoned Pb-Zn-Ag vein mining district
Loayza et al., 2004

Marginal veins
0.4 Moz Au Aruntani

2 Moz Au district:
Landsat TM,
Lithocap-host, alteration, and
Lithocap host, high sulf’dn lineaments
high sulf’dn
(Alvaro Crosta)
Morche et al.,
Ag-Pb-Zn interm. sulf’dn veins 2004
Nearby lithocap
lithocap with high-grade feeder zone;
opal horizon above west margin
Santa Rosa:
~10 t Au
production
(3-4 km from
Caccachara
Ag-Pb-Zn
veins)
Co Cotañani
Co. Cotañani opal

NW-SE section District exploration

through dome
>0.25 Tukari, Peru (looking north):

g/t Au, dacite dome host to residual quartz
oxide + Au (oxidized), alunite halo
dick-
kaol
5240 m
residual qtz qtz-alunite
Loayza et al., 2004
south slope: colluvial

scree, 1.5 g/t gold
Regional guidelines
Discovery of Santa Rosa (1997, 12 t Au; near
IS veins) led to Tukari (2000, 60+ t Au)
Reawakened interest in region...dacite domes
Tukari, 2002: base of deposit (sulfide) at 4980 m

New region
Lago
Titicaca
Chucapaca
50 km Aruntani
Chucapaca: Dacite dome, lithocap alteration (like at Tukari), … Barren dome

but low grades
Canahuire (San Gabriel) pseudo-gossan 3 km NW (≤1.1 g/t Au)
• Discovery Sept 2008: Buenaventura

• Gold Field resource, mid 2011: 230 t Au eq.

Think laterally (figuratively and literally)

Lithocap margins
Azevedo et al., 2013
Lithocap margins
Canahuire (San Gabriel) resource model & pit shell, 2011
W E
1.3 km
350 m
100E
g/t Au 300W
700W
Looking North
• Au-Ag (tn, cp, sph; intermediate sulf’dn ) associated with

diatreme, 3 km from low Au grade quartz-alunite altered dome
• Think laterally (figuratively and literally)

Lithocap horizon
Yanacocha, Peru
World’s largest enargite (supergene oxidized)-Au
mining district (~1200 t Au production)
1980 to mid 1990s:

all (known) gold deposits outcropped (>0.5 g/t Au)
residual qtz, Au (oxidized

clay,
enargite) in lithocap
pyrite
Carachugo
Barren dome
Chaquicocha
Chaquicocha Alta
Quecher High Au 25 m below Chaquicocha

barren SG2 Sur
Au below
barren SG3
Hydrothermal
breccia
Au in bx and
marginal veins
Chaquicocha
Norte
SG = “granular silica” (supergene oxidized qtz-pyrite- Gold in SG3

Photo and
alunite). Barren, <30 ppb Au (>1 ppm Hg, >100 ppm As) discovery:
Tony Longo

Barren dome margin

barren granular qtz (oxidized
qtz-alunite-pyrite)
Cerro
Chaquicocha
qtz-alun-py, w/ structure- ~120 t Au
controlled residual qtz
Teal and
Benavides,
2010
2. Lecture content
Outline

• Permeability

Yanacocha, Peru Base of lithocap
Base of lithocap, transition to top of porphyry deposit
Lithocap-hosted 1180 t Au
production, reserves + resources Maqui
Maqui
Yanacocha
Norte
Tapado,
Corimayo
Carachugo,
Chaquicocha
Kupfertal (Cu valley)
oblique to NE
Base of lithocap
San Jose, looking north (Co. Yanacocha, tower)
~120 t gold in oxidized lithocap

Porphyry- Base of lithocap

style
pyrophyllite, alunite veins
pyrophyllite, Muscovite
pyrophyllite, kaolinite
alunite
Fault
Pyrophyllite,
contact
alunite, kaolinite
Yanacocha Turkey Base of lithocap
2 KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 + 2 H++
6 SiO2 = 3 Al2Si4O10(OH)2 + 2 K+
Oyu Tolgoi
Mongolia Central Chile,
brownfields
Milagros: Garcia, 2009
Patchy replacement of siliceous rock by pyrophyllite ±

dickite (diaspore, alunite, kaolinite), base of lithocap

Base of lithocap Yanacocha, Peru Base of Kupfertal valley: stockwork

veins, white mica pyrophyllite, dickite
Silicic + quartz-alunite lithocaps form

on shoulders of porphyry deposits
Hedenquist and Taran, 2013
DUP-003
Corimayo
10.76
0.17 Ma, al San Jose,
10.73
0.1 Ma, al
Base of lithocap
Minas Conga: 10 km east of Yanacocha (8-12 Ma)
Co. Cocañez ~barren lithocap
Barren qtz-alunite lithocap on shoulder of a porphyry deposit
Co. Cocañez: qtz-alunite lithocap

(16.06 0.22 Ma, al)
Perol porphyry (15.80 0.18 Ma, or)
Perol Au-Cu porphyry (Cedimin)

641 Mt, 0.3% Cu, 0.7 g/t Au

Mankayan district, Luzon, Philippines: Lithocap to porphyry

Far Southeast porphyry Cu-Au & lithocap-hosted Lepanto enargite-Au deposits,
+ Victoria Au-Ag-(Cu) quartz-rhodochrosite-anhydrite veins, margin of intrusive center
Mohong Hill
quartz-alunite
lithocap
dacite pyroclastics
volcaniclastic
basement
N.C. White
Transition
Lepanto ore deposit
(105 t Au, 1 Mt Cu as enargite)
Most ore (~70%) in feeder (root)
zone of residual quartz lithocap
(Lepanto fault or its splay faults)
Lepanto
fault quartz-
alunite
(12-49
ppb Au)
Garcia, 1991; Hedenquist et

al., 1998; Chang et al., 2011

Linked Far Southeast porphyry deposit & Lepanto and Victoria epithermal deposits Transition
600 t Au + 5 Mt Cu 105 t Au + 1 Mt Cu, ~70 t Au Arribas et al., 1995;
Hedenquist et al., 1998
Chang et al., 2011
NW Calder et al., 2022
1500 m Residual qtz (host to Au-enargite) SE S
Qtz-alun (py), dick-kaol halo
Victoria Au-
Ag-Cu-Zn IS
1.4 Ma alunite veins, <1.3 Ma
Z. Chang Lepanto enargite-Au,

~1.35 Ma
500 m
1.35 Ma 500 m
FSE Cu-Au illite
porphyry,
chalcopyrite
1) Residual quartz, barren; 1.4 Ma
vapor coupled to biotite stage biotite
sea level
2) Enargite-luzonite-Au ore (matrix);
chlorite-white mica overprint stage Grade shells:
1% Cu, 0.7 g/t Au
2. Lecture content
Outline

• Permeability

Permeability controls Permeabililty
Major fault and

Summitville unconformity
Sillitoe, 1994 Fractures in dome, Lepanto
no lithologic horizon
Iwato, Nansatsu district (Japan)

Structures and tuff horizon
Sillitoe (1993)
Permeability controls Permeabililty
Quimsacocha (Ecuador)
200 m
(2x)

Size
Tucari 2 Moz
Size matters …
much of the
time; but see
El Indio 8 Moz
El Indio!
Epithermal Pascua, Puren, Salares Norte Summary

Quimsacocha
environment Hypogene Steam-heated acid sulfate
acid sulfate-chloride Sauzal barren
HSlithocap
HSepithermal
epithermal Chucapaca/Canahuire
Yanacocha Lepanto
quartz-
alunite
IS epithermal
Victoria
Arc-related
Cocañez - porphyry copper
system:
HS Lode
ore settings, and
Perol prospects (deposits)
Kupfertal Sed-hosted
Far Southeast disseminated
Porphyry • No magic bullets (tools or

Carbonate
Subepithermal replacement techniques): just good geology
Skarn • Do not force prospect into model
• Learn from mistakes (of others)
• Lateral thinking (plus experience) à
targets to test
Hedenquist and Arribas, 2022

modified from
Sillitoe, 2010
(modified from Sillitoe, 2010)
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High-sulfidation epithermal deposits ProExplo, May 2023

Tukari epithermal Au deposit (60 t); discovery at

Lithocap alteration, and high-sulfidation gold mineralization (or not)

transition to the tops of porphyry copper deposits

• Lithocap-hosted Cu-Au deposits

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 1

Geometry of lithocaps ± high sulfidation ore

modified from Sillitoe, 1995; Hedenquist et al., 1998;

Features of lithocaps, and high- Vuggy quart is steep

sulfidation ore deposits

Residual quartz is resistant, typically steep;

Mulatos, Mexico Sauzal, Mexico

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 2

Residual (vuggy) quartz is steep; and

Ejemplos de descubrimientos a pesar del

Muchos depósitos fueron descubiertos por

Algunos depósitos fueron descubiertos por la

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 3

Lithocaps Salares Norte

Sillitoe et al., 2016

• Lithocap-hosted Cu-Au deposits

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 4

Cerro Campana Steam-heated alteration

Lacustrine sediments with

Nate Brewer and

4050 mL; surface at ~4250 m (Viento pit),

Jannas et al., 1990

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 5

El Indio 3500 vein: quartz-pyrite-Au (tn-ccp) with mica

Barren HS ore IS ore, Au stage

Extreme boiling and

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 6

Arribas et al., 2000

SSW to Esperanza Sur, ~5000 m, 1994

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 7

La Coipa Au-Ag district, Chile Coipa Norte: steam-heated alunite-kaolinite

District view, looking north

White, porous rock: Puren

Ladera-Farellon ore bodies, early 1990s mining

Residual quartz Ag-Au ore Photo: Kinross

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 8

La Coipa, Chile, mining district: Local insight

Puren IS discovery (early 2000s)

Puren North Target

– History of Discovery 1050 NE: Alteration

Cerro Maricunga • La Coipa in Care and Maintenance, 2013

La Coipa Volcan • Maricunga (Refugio) suspended, 2016

Antonio Arribas and Jeffrey Hedenquist 9

alares Norte – Alunite / Kaolinite Alteration, Aster Data

Salares Norte, Chile New tools

ASTER (+Landsat) image: alunite (orange),

Looking NW Brewer et al., 2017

THE DISCOVERY AND GEOLOGY OF THE SALARES NORTE

Salares Norte – Discovery hole SNRC002

96m @ 1.54 g/t Au y 61 g/t Ag

Salares Norte - Brecha Principal – Alteration Model

Creamy silica gel