Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 279

USMLE e e r m h nne s

Me est i e s: https://t.me/USMLEMe est

K p n ssr m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEK p n

USMLE i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE Step

e ker i e s: https://t.me/USMLE e ker

r s e n i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n

r s e n i e s Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n Step K

Ph se i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPh se

Pi ri e i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPi ri e

P th m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEP th m

nA i s i h it : https://t.me/USMLE nA i s

Am ss r p: https://t.me/USMLEAm ss

Le t ri nk: https://t.me/USMLELe t ri

En p int P s: https://t.me/USMLEEn p int

USMLE MEs: https://t.me/USMLE ME

L E Me E : https://t.me/USMLE n ineMe E

USMLE r Step : https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE r Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r Step K

USMLE r Step nk: https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE Anki: https://t.me/USMLEAnki

KissPrep: https://t.me/USMLEKissPrep

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287���

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�7CA9G�HC�H<9�9A9F;9B7M�89D5FHA9BH


6975IG9�C: D5=B@9GG��6F=;<H�F98�J5;=B5@�6@998=B; :CF�CB9�85M��-<9�<5G�BCH�:9@H�5BM�7CBHF57H=CBG��"9F�CH<9F
7<=@8F9B�K9F9�89@=J9F98�6M �9G5F95B�G97H=CB 6975IG9�C:�6F997<�DCG=H=CB�� 9H5@�<95FH�F5H9�=G F957H=J9�K=H<
BC�8979@9F5H=CBG��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�:=B8=B;G�=G�ACGH�@=?9@M�CB�I@HF5GCIB8�

�7;?.: �6*0.

,9HFCD@579BH5@

<9A5HCA5

�8B9L5@

6@998=B;

*@579BH5�CJ9F

H<9�79FJ=75@�CG

!9GH5H=CB5@�G57
� =B�5�8=@5H98
79FJ=L

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

'9A6F5BCIG
� IA6=@=75@
J9GG9@G

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

,=G?�:57HCFG :CF�H<=G�7CB8=H=CB�=B7@I89 AI@H=D5F=HM��DF=CF �9G5F95B�G97H=CBG��5;9�CJ9F ���M95FG��5B8


GAC?=B;�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� ".<:895*,.7<*5�1.6*<86*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

,9HFCD@579BH5@ <9A5HCA5 =G�5�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�:=B8=B;�=B D@579BH5@�56FIDH=CB��K<=7<�75B�5@GC�75IG9 H<=F8


HF=A9GH9F J5;=B5@�6@998=B;��#H�=G�75IG98�6M�DF9A5HIF9�G9D5F5H=CB�C:�H<9 D@579BH5 :FCA�H<9�IH9F=B9�K5@@�
5B8�=G�5�@=:9 H<F95H9B=B;�7CB8=H=CB�H<5H�75B�@958�HC�6CH<�:9H5@�5B8�A5H9FB5@�9LG5B;I=B5H=CB��#H�5@GC
HMD=75@@M�DF9G9BHG�K=H<�568CA=B5@ D5=B 5B8 :9H5@�8=GHF9GG��B9=H<9F�C:�K<=7<�5F9�DF9G9BH�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

��� �-7.@*5�+5..-270

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�8B9L5@�6@998=B;�F9:9FG�HC�6@998=B;�:FCA�H=GGI9G�7@CG9�HC�H<9 IH9FIG��GI7<�5G�:FCA�H<9 CJ5F=9G �ACGH

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
7CAACB@M�:FCA�5�FIDHIF98 CJ5F=5B�7MGH��CF�H<9 :5@@CD=5B�HI69G �ACGH�7CAACB@M�:FCA�5B 97HCD=7
DF9;B5B7M����@H<CI;<�6CH<�5B CJ5F=5B�7MGH 5B8 97HCD=7�DF9;B5B7M 7CI@8�75IG9 J5;=B5@�6@998=B;�
C77IFF9B79�H<=G�@5H9�=B ;9GH5H=CB KCI@8�69�IBIGI5@��5B8�568CA=B5@ D5=B KCI@8�5@GC�69�9LD97H98�

��� 5*,.7<*�8>.:�<1.�,.:>2,*5�8;

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*@579BH5 CJ9F�H<9 79FJ=75@�CG =G�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�C: D@579BH5�DF9J=5��K<=7<�7@5GG=75@@M�DF9G9BHG�K=H<


GI889B D5=B@9GG�J5;=B5@�6@998=B; =B�H<9 H<=F8�HF=A9GH9F K=H<CIH :9H5@�8=GHF9GG �5G�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH��

��� �.;<*<287*5�;*,�27�*�-25*<.-�,.:>2@

�@95*7*<287��=<

�9FJ=75@�8=@5H5H=CB�5B8�J=GI5@=N5H=CB�C:�H<9�;9GH5H=CB5@�G57�69:CF9����K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB KCI@8�69

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
7CB79FB=B;�:CF 79FJ=75@�=BGI::=7=9B7M��K<=7<�75B�@958�HC DF9H9FA�@56CF 5B8 :9H5@�8=GHF9GG�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

0=GI5@=N5H=CB�C:�H<9�;9GH5H=CB5@�G57�5B8�8=@5H5H=CB�C:�H<9 79FJ=L =B�5�KCA5B�5H�CB@M����K99?G�


;9GH5H=CB KCI@8�69�7CB79FB=B;�:CF DF9H9FA�@56CF���@H<CI;<�G@=;<H@M�6@CC8M��AI7C=8 J5;=B5@�8=G7<5F;9
A5M�C77IF�K=H< DF9H9FA�@56CF��6F=;<H�F98 J5;=B5@�6@998=B; =G�BCH�HMD=75@�� IFH<9FACF9��H<9�@57?�C:
9J9B�A=@8�7CBHF57H=CBG�=B�H<=G�KCA5B�A5?9G�H<=G�5�J9FM�IB@=?9@M�:=B8=B;�

��� �.6+:*78=;�=6+252,*5�>.;;.5;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

0=GI5@=N5H=CB�C:�A9A6F5BCIG�IA6=@=75@�J9GG9@G�B95F�H<9 79FJ=75@�CG =G�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�C: J5G5�DF9J=5


8I9�HC J9@5A9BHCIG�7CF8�=BG9FH=CB��.<=G�7CB8=H=CB�75B�5@GC�DF9G9BH�K=H< D5=B@9GG�J5;=B5@�6@998=B; =:
H<9�IBDFCH97H98�:9H5@�J9GG9@G�FIDHIF9���@998=B;�:FCA J5G5�DF9J=5 =G�IGI5@@M�577CAD5B=98�6M :9H5@
8=GHF9GG �8I9�HC�9LG5B;I=B5H=CB��5B8�A9A6F5B9�FIDHIF9��B9=H<9F�C:�K<=7<�5F9�DF9G9BH�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

���� M95F C@8�KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB =G�6FCI;<H�HC�H<9�9A9F;9B7M�89D5FHA9BH


5:H9F�5B�9D=GC89�C: 8=NN=B9GG�5B8�JCA=H=B;�:C@@CK98�6M�@CGG�C:�7CBG7=CIGB9GG @5GH=B; ��A=BIH9��-<9
F9DCFHG�H<5H�<9F GMADHCAG�GH5FH98�5:H9F�@M=B;�8CKB�CB�<9F�657? HC�F9GH��5G�G<9�:9@H�H=F98�8IF=B;�MC;5�7@5GG�
"9F�DF9;B5B7M�<5G�699B�IB7CAD@=75H98��)B�5FF=J5@��G<9�=G�8=5D<CF9H=7�5B8�D5@9��"9F�DI@G9�=G�����A=B�5B8
6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�=G ������AA�";��)B�9L5A=B5H=CB��H<9�D5H=9BH�=G�@M=B;�=B�H<9�GID=B9�DCG=H=CB�K=H<�5�:IB85@
<9=;<H�C: ���7A��.<9F9�=G�5�DFC@CB;98�:9H5@�<95FH�F5H9�8979@9F5H=CB�HC����A=B��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G
H<9�ACGH�5DDFCDF=5H9�57H=CB�HC�F9J9FG9�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�GMADHCAG�=B�H<9�:IHIF9�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� *9F:CFA=B;�H<9�'I@@9F�A5B9IJ9F

� &M=B;�=B�H<9�GID=B9�DCG=H=CB�5B8�9@9J5H=B;�@9;G

� !9BH@9�7CADF9GG=CB�K=H<�5B�568CA=B5@�6=B89F

� &M=B;�=B�H<9�@9:H�@5H9F5@�897I6=HIG�DCG=H=CB

� *9F:CFA=B;�H<9�<5B8�;F=D�A5B9IJ9F

*9F:CFA=B;�H<9�05@G5J5�A5B9IJ9F

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G D5H=9BH�G GMADHCAG�5F9�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< GID=B9�<MDCH9BG=J9�GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�:F9EI9BH@M�C77IFG�8I9


HC�7CADF9GG=CB�C:�H<9 =B:9F=CF�J9B5�75J5 5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�H<9�5B5HCA=75@�7<5B;9G�=BJC@J98�=B DF9;B5B7M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� .:/8:6270�<1.��=55.:�6*7.=>.:

�@95*7*<287�'1A

'I@@9F�A5B9IJ9F 75IG9G�=BHF5H<CF57=7�DF9GGIF9�HC�697CA9�ACF9�B9;5H=J9��H<9F96M�=ADFCJ=B; J9BCIG


F9HIFB HC�H<9 <95FH���@H<CI;<�=H�7CI@8�69�69B9:=7=5@�:CF�H<=G�D5H=9BH��H<=G�A5B9IJ9F�KCI@8�BCH�F9GC@J9
H<9�75IG9�C:�<9F�GMADHCAG�

��� �A270�27�<1.�;=927.�98;2<287�*7-�.5.>*<270�5.0;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�@9J5H=B;�H<9�@9;G�K<=@9�@M=B;�=B�H<9 GID=B9�DCG=H=CB =B7F95G9G J9BCIG�F9HIFB HC�H<9 <95FH���@H<CI;<�=H


7CI@8�69�69B9:=7=5@�:CF�H<=G�D5H=9BH��H<=G�A5B9IJ9F�KCI@8�BCH�F9GC@J9�H<9�75IG9�C:�<9F�GMADHCAG�

��� �.7<5.�,869:.;;287�?2<1�*7�*+-8627*5�+27-.:

�@95*7*<287�'1A

!9BH@9�7CADF9GG=CB�K=H<�5B�568CA=B5@�6=B89F�75B�69�IG98�=B�DF9;B5BH�D5H=9BHG�K=H<�657?�DFC6@9AG�
"CK9J9F��568CA=B5@�7CADF9GG=CB�75B�897F95G9 J9BCIG�F9HIFB HC�H<9 <95FH��K<=7<�7CI@8�KCFG9B�H<=G
D5H=9BH�G�GMADHCAG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �A270�27�<1.�5./<�5*<.:*5�-.,=+2<=;�98;2<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9�@9:H @5H9F5@ 897I6=HIG�DCG=H=CB =G�;9B9F5@@M�F97CAA9B898�:CF�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B�K<9B�@M=B;�8CKB�


9GD97=5@@M�=B�H<9�H<=F8 HF=A9GH9F��6975IG9�H<=G�DCG=H=CB�G<=:HG�H<9 IH9FIG 5K5M�:FCA�5B8�H<IG�5JC=8G
7CADF9GG=CB�C:�H<9 =B:9F=CF�J9B5�75J5���CADF9GG=CB�C:�H<9 =B:9F=CF�J9B5�75J5 =G�H<9�75IG9�C: GID=B9
<MDCH9BG=J9�GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�F9GI@HG�=B�7CADFCA=G98 J9BCIG�F9HIFB 5B8�@958G�HC�897F95G98 75F8=57
CIHDIH��:9H5@ <MDCL=5��5B8�DFC@CB;98 8979@9F5H=CBG CB 75F8=CHC7C;F5D<M��5G�G99B�<9F9�

��� .:/8:6270�<1.�1*7-�0:29�6*7.=>.:

�@95*7*<287�'1A

"5B8�;F=D�A5B9IJ9F�=B7F95G9G GMGH9A=7�J5G7I@5F�F9G=GH5B79 5B8 5:H9F@C58��.<=G�A5B9IJ9F�=G�IG98�:CF


69HH9F�9J5@I5H=CB�C: <95FH�AIFAIFG �9�;�� A=HF5@�F9;IF;=H5H=CB� 5CFH=7�F9;IF;=H5H=CB� 0-����#H�KCI@8
BCH��<CK9J9F��F9GC@J9�H<9�75IG9�C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�GMADHCAG�

��� .:/8:6270�<1.�&*5;*>*�6*7.=>.:

�@95*7*<287�'1A

05@G5@J5�A5B9IJ9F =B7F95G9G�=BHF5H<CF57=7�DF9GGIF9��H<9F96M�897F95G=B; J9BCIG�F9HIFB HC�H<9 <95FH�


.<=G�A5B9IJ9F�7CI@8�KCFG9B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�GMADHCAG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

.KC�85MG�5:H9F�J5;=B5@�89@=J9FM�C:�5�<95@H<M�B9K6CFB�5H�H9FA��5 �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5��� =G


IB56@9�HC�6F95GH:998��"9F�@56CF�K5G�7CAD@=75H98�6M 5BH9D5FHIA�<9ACFF<5;9 5B8�G<9�F979=J98�HKC�IB=HG
C:�D57?98�F98�6@CC8�79@@G��"9F�DI@G9�=G ���A=B 5B8 6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�=G ������AA�";�� IFH<9F�9J5@I5H=CB�C:
H<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�ACGH�@=?9@M�HC�G<CK�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�G9HG�C:�G9FIA�:=B8=B;G�

��$� �5-8;<.:87. �8:<2;85

� V W W

� (CFA5@ V BCFA5@

� W BCFA5@ V

� V BCFA5@ V

� W V W

� W BCFA5@ W

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

&57H5H=CB�:5=@IF9�5B8 <MDCH9BG=CB =B�5�DCGHD5FHIA�D5H=9BH�K=H< 5BH9D5FHIA�<9ACFF<5;9 H<5H�F9EI=F98�HKC


IB=HG�C:�6@CC8�=B8=75H9G <MDCD=HI=H5F=GA 75IG98�6M D=HI=H5FM�=B:5F7H=CB��5@GC�75@@98 -<99<5B�GMB8FCA9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�97F95G98 7CFH=GC@ 5B8 5@8CGH9FCB9 K=H<�=B7F95G98 ��." @9J9@G�75B�C77IF�=B DF=A5FM�58F9B5@


=BGI::=7=9B7M ��88=GCB�8=G95G9����@H<CI;<�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G <MDCH9BG=CB =G�5�A5=B�:95HIF9�C: DF=A5FM
58F9B5@�=BGI::=7=9B7M��@57H5H=CB�:5=@IF9�=G�BCH���88=H=CB5@@M��=B7F95G98 ��." @9J9@G�5F9�BCH�75IG98�6M
D=HI=H5FM�=B:5F7H=CB�

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B7F95G98 5@8CGH9FCB9 K=H<�BCFA5@ ��." 5B8 7CFH=GC@ @9J9@G�C77IFG�=B DF=A5FM�<MD9F5@8CGH9FCB=GA�


5@GC�75@@98 �CBB�GMB8FCA9� "MD9FH9BG=CB 5B8 <MDC?5@9A=5 75B�69�5�G=;B�C:�9L79GG=J9 5@8CGH9FCB9
DFC8I7H=CB��=B�GCA9�75G9G��DCH5GG=IA�@9J9@G�5F9�BCFA5@��"CK9J9F��9L79GG=J9 5@8CGH9FCB9 DFC8I7H=CB
KCI@8�BCH�DF9G9BH�K=H<�@57H5H=CB�:5=@IF9�

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�B�=B7F95G98 7CFH=GC@ @9J9@�K=H<�897F95G98 ��." F5=G9G�GIGD=7=CB�:CF DF=A5FM�<MD9F7CFH=GC@=GA��5@GC


75@@98 �IG<=B;�GMB8FCA9��.<9�ACGH�7CAACB�75IG9�=G =5HFC;9B=7 <MD9F7CFH=GC@=GA 8I9�HC�7<FCB=7
9LC;9BCIG 7CFH=GC@ =BH5?9� �@8CGH9FCB9 =G�BCH�5::97H98�6M�H<9 ��."Q7CFH=GC@ 5L=G���@GC��H<=G�D5H=9BH
<5G�BC�<=GHCFM�C: 7CFH=7CGH9FC=8 IG9�5B8�8C9G�BCH�9LDF9GG�H<9�HMD=75@�GMADHCAG�C: <MD9F7CFH=GC@=GA
�9�;���ACCB�:57=9G��6I::5@C�<IAD� D9H97<=59��HFIB75@ C69G=HM��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�B�=B7F95G9�=B�6CH< ��." 5B8 7CFH=GC@ @9J9@G�=B8=75H9G G97CB85FM�<MD9F7CFH=GC@=GA� �IG<=B;�8=G95G9


=G�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�75IG9�C: G97CB85FM�<MD9F7CFH=GC@=GA 5B8�=G�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�9L79GG=J9
9B8C;9BCIG ��." DFC8I7H=CB��.<=G�D5H=9BH�8C9G�BCH�<5J9�5BM�HMD=75@�GMADHCAG�C: �IG<=B;�8=G95G9
�9�;���6I::5@C�<IAD��HFIB75@ C69G=HM� GHF=59� <MD9FD=;A9BH5H=CB��ACCB�:57=9G��

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

� D=HI=H5FM�=B:5F7H=CB 75IG9G�5�897F95G98�DFC8I7H=CB�C: 5BH9F=CF�D=HI=H5FM <CFACB9G��=B7@I8=B; ��."�


��897F95G9�=B ��." 75IG9G G97CB85FM�58F9B5@�=BGI::=7=9B7M K=H<�897F95G98 7CFH=GC@ DFC8I7H=CB�
K<=7<�@958G�HC�897F95G98�J5G7I@5F�HCB9��#B�F9GDCBG9��H<9 ,��- =B7F95G9G 5@8CGH9FCB9 DFC8I7H=CB�=B
5B�5HH9ADH�HC�A5=BH5=B�GH56@9�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�J5@I9G�

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��897F95G9�=B�6CH< ��." 5B8 7CFH=GC@ @9J9@G�F5=G9G�GIGD=7=CB�:CF G97CB85FM�58F9B5@�=BGI::=7=9B7M�


K<=7<�75B�69�75IG98�6M -<99<5B�GMB8FCA9� ��." 8C9G�BCH�8=F97H@M�5::97H 5@8CGH9FCB9 G97F9H=CB�
K<=7<�=G�DF=A5F=@M�F9;I@5H98�6M�H<9 ,��-��.<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�<MDCH9BG=J9��6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�=G�������AA
";���<CK9J9F��K<=7<�57H=J5H9G�H<9 ,��-��.<9F9:CF9��5�BCFA5@ 5@8CGH9FCB9 7CB79BHF5H=CB�KCI@8�BCH
69�9LD97H98�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

� �� 85M C@8 :9A5@9�B9K6CFB�=G�6FCI;<H�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�9J5@I5H=CB�C:�F98�9M9G�K=H<�8=G7<5F;9�:CF


��85MG��-<9�K5G�6CFB�5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�HC�5 �� M95F C@8 KCA5B��*F9;B5B7M�5B8�89@=J9FM�K9F9
IB7CAD@=75H98��.<9�ACH<9F�F979=J98�=FF9;I@5F�DF9B5H5@�75F9�8IF=B;�H<9��F8 HF=A9GH9F�C:�DF9;B5B7M�
�L5A=B5H=CB�C:�H<9�B9K6CFB�G<CKG K5H9FM�8=G7<5F;9�=B�6CH<�9M9G�5B8�A=@8�9M9@=8�GK9@@=B;��1<=7<�C:
H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�75IG9�C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�DF9G9BH5H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� -=@J9F�B=HF5H9�9LDCGIF9

� -H5D<M@C7C77IG�5IF9IG

� �<@5AM8=5�HF57<CA5H=G

� (9=GG9F=5�;CBCFF<C959

� "9FD9G�G=AD@9L�J=FIG��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

� ;F5A�GH5=B C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�8=G7<5F;9�KCI@8�M=9@8�5�B9;5H=J9�F9GI@H�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� #25>.:�72<:*<.�.@98;=:.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-=@J9F B=HF5H9 9LDCGIF9�75B�@958�HC 7<9A=75@�7CB>IB7H=J=H=G��K<=7<�IGI5@@M�A5B=:9GHG�=B�H<9��GH 85M�C:


@=:9�K=H<�A=@8�K5H9FM�8=G7<5F;9�5B8 7CB>IB7H=J5@ =B>97H=CBG���=G7<5F;9�5B8 9M9@=8 GK9@@=B;�K5G
C6G9FJ98�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH����85MG�5:H9F�89@=J9FM��K<=7<�A5?9G�H<=G�8=5;BCG=G�IB@=?9@M�

��� #<*91A58,8,,=;�*=:.=;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

Staphylococcus aureus =G�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�75IG9�C:�657H9F=5@ 7CB>IB7H=J=H=G =B�58I@HG�5B8�HMD=75@@M


DF9G9BHG�K=H<�IB=@5H9F5@ 7CB>IB7H=J5@�=B>97H=CB� 7<9ACG=G��5B8�H<=7? DIFI@9BH 8=G7<5F;9��.<=G�D5H=9BH
<5G�K5H9FM 9M9 8=G7<5F;9��'CF9CJ9F� Staphylococcus aureus =G�BCH�5�7CAACB�75IG9�C: 7CB>IB7H=J=H=G
=B B9CB5H9G�

��� �15*6A-2*�<:*,186*<2;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�<@5AM8=5@�7CB>IB7H=J=H=G��K<=7<�=G�75IG98�6M Chlamydia trachomatis��HMD=75@@M�A5B=:9GHG�5H��Q��


85MG�5:H9F 6=FH< K=H<�K5H9FM�CF�AI7CDIFI@9BH�C7I@5F�8=G7<5F;9�=B�588=H=CB�HC�A=@8 9M9@=8 GK9@@=B;��5G
G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH��)F5@ 9FMH<FCAM7=B =G�H<9�HF95HA9BH�:CF 7<@5AM8=5@�7CB>IB7H=J=H=G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.2;;.:2*�0878::18.*.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

!CBC7C775@�7CB>IB7H=J=H=G��K<=7<�=G�75IG98�6M Neisseria gonorrhoeae��HMD=75@@M�A5B=:9GHG�� ��85MG


5:H9F�89@=J9FM�K=H<�DFC:IG9� DIFI@9BH��C7I@5F�8=G7<5F;9�=B�588=H=CB�HC�5�DFCBCIB798 9M9@=8 GK9@@=B;�
.<=G�D5H=9BH��A95BK<=@9��<5G�5�A=@8 9M9@=8 GK9@@=B;�5B8�K5H9FM�8=G7<5F;9�C6G9FJ98����85MG�5:H9F
89@=J9FM��K<=7<�A5?9G�H<=G�8=5;BCG=G�IB@=?9@M�

��� �.:9.;�;2695.@�>2:=;��

�@95*7*<287�'1A

"9FD9G�G=AD@9L�J=FIG�� =G�5�7CAACB�75IG9�C:�J=F5@ 7CB>IB7H=J=H=G =B B9CB5H9G��#H�HMD=75@@M�A5B=:9GHG


K=H<=B�H<9�:=FGH����85MG�C:�@=:9�K=H<�BCBDIFI@9BH��C7I@5F�8=G7<5F;9��7CFB95@�I@79F5H=CB��5B8�D9F=C7I@5F
J9G=7@9G��.<=G�D5H=9BH�@57?G�7CFB95@�I@79F5H=CB�5B8�D9F=C7I@5F�J9G=7@9G��K<=7<�A5?9�H<=G�8=5;BCG=G
IB@=?9@M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

� �� M95F C@8 DF=A=;F5J=8�KCA5B�5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�5�FCIH=B9�DF9B5H5@


J=G=H��-<9�<5G�BCH�699B�H5?=B; DF9B5H5@�J=H5A=BG 5B8�58A=HG�HC�7CBGIA=B;�5@7C<C@�F9;I@5F@M��*9@J=7
9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5�IH9FIG�7CBG=GH9BH�=B�G=N9�K=H<�5 �� K99? ;9GH5H=CB����EI58FID@9�G7F99B=B;�H9GH
G<CKG�A5F?98@M 9@9J5H98�A5H9FB5@�G9FIA U :9HCDFCH9=B��'5H9FB5@�G9FIA�7CB79BHF5H=CBG�C:
X <IA5B�7<CF=CB=7�;CB58CHFCD=B��9GHF=C@��5B8 =B<=6=B�� 5F9�BCFA5@��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH
@=?9@M�9LD@5B5H=CB�:CF�H<9G9�:=B8=B;G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� 9H5@�5@7C<C@�GMB8FCA9

� .F=GCAM���

� *5FH=5@�AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M

� "C@CDFCG9B79D<5@M

� -D=B5�6=:=85�7MGH=75

.F=GCAM���

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

*9F=7CB79DH=CB5@ :C@5H9 GIDD@9A9BH5H=CB��DF9G9BH�=B�DF9B5H5@ J=H5A=BG��G=;B=:=75BH@M�897F95G9G�H<9�F=G?�C:


H<=G�89J9@CDA9BH5@�89:97H��K<=7<�75B�69�89H97H98�=B�IH9FC�CB I@HF5GCIB8 5B8�J=5�9@9J5H98�A5H9FB5@�G9FIA
U :9HCDFCH9=B �� *��@9J9@G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �.<*5�*5,8185�;A7-:86.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

9H5@�5@7C<C@�GMB8FCA9 =G�CB9�C:�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�75IG9G�C: =BH9@@97HI5@�8=G56=@=HM =B�H<9�/-�5B8


A5M�A5B=:9GH�K=H<�J5F=CIG�7CB;9B=H5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G��9�;�� A=7FC79D<5@M� <95FH 89:97HG��@=A6
8=G@C75H=CB���#H�=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�7<5B;9G�=B � * @9J9@G�

��� $:2;86A��

�@95*7*<287�'1A

9H5@ HF=GCAM��� =G�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M =BH9@@97HI5@�8=G56=@=HM��:@5H�:57=9G��7CB;9B=H5@ <95FH 8=G95G9��5B8


DFCA=B9BH 9D=75BH<5@�:C@8G��#H�=G�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB 7<FCACGCA5@ 8=GCF89F��*F9B5H5@�G7F99B=B;�F9GI@HG
HMD=75@@M�G<CK�897F95G98�@9J9@G�C: � * 5B8 IB7CB>I;5H98�9GHF=C@��5B8�=B7F95G98�@9J9@G�C: =B<=6=B��
5B8 X <�!�

��� *:<2*5�685*:�9:.07*7,A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

� AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M =G�5�69B=;B�IH9F=B9 HIACF H<5H�HMD=75@@M�F9GI@HG�=B�@CK�@9J9@G�C:�A5H9FB5@�G9FIA


� *��@CK�@9J9@G�C: IB7CB>I;5H98�9GHF=C@��=B7F95G98�@9J9@G�C: =B<=6=B����5B8�9LHF9A9@M�<=;<�@9J9@G�C:
X <�!�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �8589:8;.7,.91*5A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

"C@CDFCG9B79D<5@M =G�H<9�:5=@IF9�C:�H<9�F=;<H�5B8�@9:H�<9A=GD<9F9G�C:�H<9�6F5=B�HC�G9D5F5H9��#H�A5M�69
G99B�K=H< HF=GCAM��� 5B8 :9H5@�5@7C<C@�GMB8FCA9��'5H9FB5@�G9FIA � * @9J9@G�5F9�BCH�HMD=75@@M
=B7F95G98�=B�75G9G�C: <C@CDFCG9B79D<5@M�

��� #927*�+2/2-*�,A;<2,*

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287��=<

-D=B5�6=:=85�C77I@H5 =G�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�BCFA5@ � * @9J9@G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B7F95G98�@9J9@G�C:�A5H9FB5@�G9FIA � * K=H<�BCFA5@�@9J9@G�C: X <�!� =B<=6=B����5B8 IB7CB>I;5H98


9GHF=C@ 5F9�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�C: B9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG �9�;�� GD=B5�6=:=85 7MGH=75���=B�K<=7<�H<9F9�=G�5
7CBB97H=CB�69HK99B�H<9 GD=B5@�75B5@ 5B8�H<9 5AB=CH=7�75J=HM 8I9�HC�:5=@98�7@CGIF9�C:�H<9 5BH9F=CF CF
DCGH9F=CF�B9IFCDCF9G� (9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG 5F9�5@GC�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�=B7F95G98�@9J9@G�C:
579HM@7<C@=B9GH9F5G9 =B�H<9 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8��K<=7<�F9GI@HG�:FCA�@95?5;9�C:�:9H5@ 79F96FCGD=B5@�:@I=8�
.<9�8=5;BCG=G�75B�69�7CB:=FA98�DF9B5H5@@M�=B�ACGH�75G9G�J=5 I@HF5GCIB8�

��� $:2;86A� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

9H5@ HF=GCAM��� =G�5�F5F9�5B8�:5H5@�7CB;9B=H5@�8=G95G9�H<5H�=G�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M =BH9@@97HI5@�8=G56=@=HM�


7@9B7<98�:=GHG��DFCA=B9BH�C77=DIH��@CK G9H�95FG��5B8�7CB;9B=H5@ <95FH 8=G95G9��*F9B5H5@�G7F99B=B;
F9GI@HG�HMD=75@@M�G<CK�897F95G98�@9J9@G�C: � *� IB7CB>I;5H98�9GHF=C@��5B8 X <�!�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

� �� M95F C@8 DF=A=;F5J=8�KCA5B�K=H<�5�<=GHCFM�C:�G9=NIF9G�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�6975IG9�G<9�<58�5


DCG=H=J9�DF9;B5B7M�H9GH�5H�<CA9� '98=75H=CBG�=B7@I89�J5@DFC=7�57=8 5B8�5�AI@H=J=H5A=B��*<MG=75@
9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�BC�56BCFA5@=H=9G��� IF=B9�DF9;B5B7M�H9GH�=G�DCG=H=J9��"9F�656M�=G�5H�=B7F95G98�F=G?�:CF
F9EI=F=B;�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=BH9FJ9BH=CBG�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� &CK9F�GD=B5@�GIF;9FM

� %=8B9M�HF5BGD@5BH5H=CB

� ,9GD=F5HCFM�GIDDCFH

� �9BH5@�HF95HA9BH

� �C7<@95F�=AD@5BH5H=CB

�FA�GIF;9FM

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

05@DFC=7�57=8 =BH5?9�=G�?BCKB�HC�=B<=6=H :C@5H9 56GCFDH=CB�=B�H<9�ACH<9F�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �8?.:�;927*5�;=:0.:A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B<=6=H=CB�C: :C@5H9 56GCFDH=CB�=B�H<9�ACH<9F�8I9�HC J5@DFC=7�57=8 =BH5?9�@958G�HC�5B�=B7F95G98�F=G?�C:


B9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG GI7<�5G GD=B5�6=:=85 =B�H<9�9A6FMC��K<=7<�A5M�F9EI=F9�@CK9F GD=B5@ GIF;9FM�5:H9F
6=FH<� 05@DFC=7�57=8 A5M�5@GC�75IG9�7C;B=H=J9�=AD5=FA9BH��:57=5@��75F8=CJ5G7I@5F��9�;�� �-����5B8
G?9@9H5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G��9�;�� DC@M857HM@M���A95B=B;�H<5H�=H�G<CI@8�69�5JC=898�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��.<9
5BH=9D=@9DH=7�8FI;G D<9BMHC=B 5B8 75F65A5N9D=B9 G<CI@8�5@GC�69�5JC=898�6975IG9�H<9M�A5M�75IG9
:9H5@�<M85BHC=B�GMB8FCA9� .9F5HC;9B9G=G C77IFG�ACGH�C:H9B�8IF=B;�H<9��F8Q�H< 9A6FMC@C;=7�K99?
K<9B CF;5BC;9B9G=G =G�C77IFF=B;��-=B79�H<9F9�=G�BC 5BH=9D=@9DH=7�8FI; H<5H�=G�BCH H9F5HC;9B=7��5B
5BH=9D=@9DH=7�8FI; G<CI@8�69�7<CG9B�H<5H�7CBHFC@G G9=NIF9G 5B8�=G�HC@9F5H98�K9@@�6M�H<9�ACH<9F�5H�H<9
@CK9GH�9::97H=J9�8CG9�

��� �2-7.A�<:*7;95*7<*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

%=8B9M�HF5BGD@5BH5H=CB A5M�697CA9�B979GG5FM�=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H<�9B8 GH5;9�F9B5@�8=G95G9��9�;���8I9�HC


;@CA9FI@CB9D<F=H=G��HCL=BG�� 0=G79F5@ A5@:CFA5H=CBG GI7<�5G�:9H5@ F9B5@�8MGD@5G=5 5F9�F5H<9F�5GGC7=5H98
K=H< ����=B<=6=HCFG H<5B�K=H< J5@DFC=7�57=8 IG9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M�

��� ".;92:*<8:A�;=998:<

�@95*7*<287�'1A

,9GD=F5HCFM�GIDDCFH�697CA9G�B979GG5FM�=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H<�F9GD=F5HCFM�89DF9GG=CB�7CAACB@M�C77IFF=B;
=B�A5H9FB5@ CD=C=8G IG9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��.<=G�D5H=9BH�<5G�BC�<=GHCFM�C: CD=C=8 =BH5?9�5B8 J5@DFC=7
57=8 5H�H<9F5D9IH=7�8CG9G�=G�BCH�?BCKB�:CF�75IG=B;�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.7<*5�<:.*<6.7<

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9BH5@�HF95HA9BH�A5M�697CA9�B979GG5FM�=B�7<=@8F9B�6CFB�HC�5�ACH<9F�K=H< H9HF57M7@=B9 �9�;��


8CLM7M7@=B9��=BH5?9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M� .9HF57M7@=B9G �RH99H<F57M7@=B9GS��89DCG=H�=B�H<9�HCCH<�6I8G�
75IG=B;�G=;B=:=75BH�5B8�D9FG=GH9BH�8=G7C@CF5H=CB�C:�H<9 H99H< @5H9F�CB��=�9���J5FM=B;�=BH9BG=H=9G�C:
M9@@CK��;F5M��6@I9��CF�6FCKB���.<9�HF95HA9BH�C:�7<C=79�=G�D@579A9BH�C:�J9B99FG�CF�7FCKBG�HC�7CJ9F�H<9
8=G7C@CF98 H99H<� 05@DFC=7�57=8 8C9G�BCH�89DCG=H�=B�H<9 H99H<�

��� �8,15.*:�2695*7<*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�C7<@95F�=AD@5BH5H=CB�=G�F9EI=F98�=B�GCA9�75G9G�C: G9BGCF=B9IF5@�<95F=B;�@CGG H<5H�A5M�C77IF�=:�H<9


ACH<9F�H5?9G�5B CHCHCL=7 5A=BC;@M7CG=89 �9�;�� ;9BH5A=7=B��8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��K<=7<�75B�85A5;9�H<9
J9GH=6I@C7C7<@95F�B9FJ9 ��(�0###����G�5�7C7<@95F�=AD@5BH�F9@=9G�CB�5�:IB7H=CB5@�5I8=HCFM�B9FJ9�
7C7<@95F�=AD@5BH5H=CB�=G�BCH�=B8=75H98�=:�H<9 �(�0### CF�79BHF5@ 5I8=HCFM�D5H<K5M =G�7CAD@9H9@M
BCB:IB7H=CB5@� 05@DFC=7�57=8 =BH5?9�=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5B�=B7F95G98�F=G?�C: <95F=B;�@CGG�

��� �:6�;=:0.:A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

&=A6�89:97HG�5F9�7CAACB�=B H<5@=8CA=89�9A6FMCD5H<M��5�7CB8=H=CB�8I9�HC�A5H9FB5@ H<5@=8CA=89 IG9


8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��K<=7<�A5M�75IG9 D<C7CA9@=5 5B8�CF�A=7FCA9@=5��R:@=DD9F�@=A6GS���1<=@9�@=A6
89:97HG�A5M�C77IF�=B�ACH<9FG�H5?=B; J5@DFC=7�57=8 8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M 5G�K9@@��H<9G9�5F9�IGI5@@M
7CB:=B98�HC�H<9�8=;=HG��,9;5F8@9GG� B9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG 5F9�AI7<�ACF9�@=?9@M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�9J5@I5H=CB�C:�B5IG95�5B8�:5H=;I9��"9F�@5GH�A9BGHFI5@


D9F=C8�K5G ��K99?G 5;C��-<9�<5G�5�<=GHCFM�C: 6=DC@5F�8=GCF89F�7CBHFC@@98�6M�5�8FI;�?BCKB�HC�GCA9H=A9G
75IG9�<MDCH<MFC=8=GA�5B8�B9D<FC;9B=7�8=569H9G�=BG=D=8IG��-<9�8C9G�BCH�GAC?9�7=;5F9HH9G�CF�8F=B?
5@7C<C@��� IF=B9�DF9;B5B7M�H9GH�=G�DCG=H=J9���B�I@HF5GCIB8�C:�H<9�D9@J=G�G<CKG�5�J=56@9�=BHF5IH9F=B9
DF9;B5B7M��.<9�:9HIG�=G�ACGH�@=?9@M�5H�=B7F95G98�F=G?�:CF�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�5BCA5@=9G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �6BCFA5@�D@579BH5H=CB

� �D@5G=5�7IH=G

�HF=5@=N5H=CB�C:�H<9�F=;<H

J9BHF=7@9

� '=7FCD<H<5@A=5

� (9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG

"MDCD@5GH=7�CF�56G9BH�@=A6G

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�ACGH�@=?9@M�H5?=B; @=H<=IA :CF�<9F 6=DC@5F�8=GCF89F�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �+78:6*5�95*,.7<*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*@579BH5H=CB 89:97HG�5F9�5GGC7=5H98�ACGH@M�K=H<�8FI;G�H<5H�A5B=DI@5H9�6@CC8�:@CK�5B8�=B8I79
J5GCGD5GA��GI7<�5G 7C75=B9 5B8 B=7CH=B9� &=H<=IA =G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�H<=G�:=B8=B;�

��� �95*;2*�,=<2;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�D@5G=5�7IH=G <5G�699B�C6G9FJ98�5G�5�A5B=:9GH5H=CB�C:�F5F9�7CB;9B=H5@�GMB8FCA9G�GI7<�5G �85AG


)@=J9F�GMB8FCA9��5�G9EI9@5�C:�=B IH9FC�J=F5@�=B:97H=CBG��5B8�5�G=89�9::97H�C: A9H<=A5NC@9 IG9�8IF=B;
DF9;B5B7M� &=H<=IA =G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�H<=G�:=B8=B;�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �<:2*52B*<287�8/�<1.�:201<�>.7<:2,5.

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�HF=5@=N5H=CB C:�H<9 F=;<H�J9BHF=7@9 G97CB85FM�HC 75I85@ 8=GD@579A9BH�C:�5 HF=7IGD=8�J5@J9 @95:@9H�=G


75IG98�6M �6GH9=B�5BCA5@M��K<=7<�=G�GHFCB;@M�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< @=H<=IA IG9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M�
9GD97=5@@M�8IF=B;�H<9 :=FGH�HF=A9GH9F�

��� �2,:891<1*562*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

'=7FCD<H<5@A=5 75B�69�9=H<9F�GMB8FCA=7��=B =B:5BHG H<5H�5@GC�<5J9�AI@H= GMGH9A 6=FH< 89:97HG��CF


=GC@5H98��#B<9F=H5B79�=G 5IHCGCA5@�F979GG=J9��5@H<CI;<�BCB ;9B9H=7�75IG9G�<5J9�699B�=89BH=:=98��K<=7<
=B7@I89�DF9B5H5@ K5F:5F=B IG9� :9H5@�5@7C<C@�GMB8FCA9��5B8�J=F5@�=B:97H=CBG��'5BM�75G9G�C:
A=7FCD<H<5@A=5 5F9 =8=CD5H<=7� &=H<=IA =G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�H<=G�:=B8=B;�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.=:*5�<=+.�-./.,<;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

(9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG��K<9H<9F�=B�H<9�:CFA�C: GD=B5�6=:=85 CF�79D<5@=7�89:97HG��=�9�� 5B9B79D<5@M���<5J9


699B�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5�<CGH�C:�7CACF6=8=H=9G��=B7@I8=B;�H<9�IG9�C: 5BH=9D=@9DH=7G �J5@DFC=7�57=8�
D<9BMHC=B��5B8 75F65A5N9D=B9���DCCF 8=569H9G 7CBHFC@� C69G=HM��5B8��ACGH�DFCA=B9BH@M� :C@5H9
89:=7=9B7=9G �9=H<9F�:FCA�D<5FA579IH=75@G�CF�BIHF=H=CB5@@M���(C�5GGC7=5H=CB�69HK99B @=H<=IA 5B8
B9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG <5G�699B�89ACBGHF5H98�

��� �A9895*;<2,�8:�*+;.7<�526+;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

&=H<=IA =G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�@=A6�89:=7=HG� .<5@=8CA=89��5�8FI;�=BHFC8I798�=B�H<9�95F@M���H< 79BHIFM


HC�<9@D�K=H< ACFB=B;�G=7?B9GG��K5G�:CIB8�HC�69�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�G9J9F9�@=A6�89:97HG��H<9�9LH9BH�C:
K<=7<�K5G�89H9FA=B98�6M�<CK�95F@M�=B DF9;B5B7M H<9�8FI;�K5G�GH5FH98�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

� � K99? C@8 A5@9�=B:5BH�=G�6FCI;<H�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�6M�<=G�D5F9BHG�6975IG9�H<9M�BCH=798�H<5H�<=G�<958


<5G�699B�H=@H98�HC�H<9�@9:H�G=B79�6=FH<��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�H<9 <958�HIFB98�HCK5F8�H<9�@9:H G=89
5B8�H<9 7<=B�FCH5H98�HCK5F8�H<9�F=;<H��"9�7F=9G�8IF=B;�5B�5HH9ADH�HC�FCH5H9�H<9�<958�HC�H<9�F=;<H��.<9F9�=G�5
:=FA� K9@@ 7=F7IAG7F=698 A5GG�CB�H<9�@9:H�@CK9F�G=89�C:�H<9�B97?��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�GHFCB;9GH
DF98=GDCG=B;�:57HCF�:CF�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�7CB8=H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� 9H5@�A57FCGCA=5

� �9G5F95B�89@=J9FM

� 9H5@�J9FH9L�DF9G9BH5H=CB

� #BHF5IH9F=B9�9LDCGIF9�HC�<5@CD9F=8C@

� *C@M<M8F5AB=CG

*F9H9FA�6=FH<

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G B9K6CFB�G�<958�H=@H��@=A=H98�D5GG=J9 F5B;9�C:�ACH=CB C:�H<9�B97?��5B8�D5@D56@9�@CK9F�B97?�A5GG�5F9


7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�5�8=5;BCG=G�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�HCFH=7C@@=G��.<9�A5GG�G99B�<9F9�=G�H<9�G<CFH9B98��H<=7?9B98
G9;A9BH�C:�H<9 GH9FBC7@9=8CA5GHC=8�AIG7@9 H<5H�K5G�=B>IF98 =B IH9FC CF�8IF=B;�89@=J9FM�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �.<*5�6*,:8;862*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�BM�7CB8=H=CB�H<5H�897F95G9G�=BHF5IH9F=B9�GD579�8IF=B; ;9GH5H=CB �9�;�� :9H5@ A57FCGCA=5� AI@H=D@9


;9GH5H=CB� C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG��=G�5 F=G?�:57HCF :CF�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�HCFH=7C@@=G 8I9�HC�:9H5@
A5@DCG=H=CB=B;�5B8�897F95G98�=BHF5IH9F=B9�ACJ9A9BH��#B�588=H=CB��:9H5@ A57FCGCA=5��@=?9 6F997<
DF9G9BH5H=CB��=B7F95G9G�H<9�F=G?�C: D9F=B5H5@ HF5IA5�HC�H<9 B9CB5H9�G GH9FBC7@9=8CA5GHC=8�AIG7@9G �9�;��
H<FCI;< :CF79DG 5GG=GH98�89@=J9FM CF J57IIA 5GG=GH98�89@=J9FM���K<=7<�=G�5BCH<9F F=G?�:57HCF :CF�H<9
89J9@CDA9BH�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�HCFH=7C@@=G�

��� �.;*:.*7�-.52>.:A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9G5F95B�89@=J9FM =G�BCH�5�DFCJ9B F=G?�:57HCF :CF�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�HCFH=7C@@=G� � G97H=CB


=G�@9GG�@=?9@M�H<5B 5GG=GH98�J5;=B5@�89@=J9FM HC�75IG9�HF57H=CB�HC�H<9 B9CB5H9�G�B97?��K<=7<�=G�5�?BCKB
F=G?�:57HCF :CF 7CB;9B=H5@�HCFH=7C@@=G�

��� �.<*5�>.:<.@�9:.;.7<*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

09FH9L�DF9G9BH5H=CB =G�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�:CFA�C: 79D<5@=7�DF9G9BH5H=CB��=H�=G�BCH�5�DF98=GDCG=B;�:57HCF


:CF�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�HCFH=7C@@=G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �7<:*=<.:27.�.@98;=:.�<8�1*589.:2-85

�@95*7*<287�'1A

"5@CD9F=8C@ �5B8�CH<9F 8CD5A=B9�F979DHCF�5BH5;CB=GHG��75B�75IG9 57IH9�8MGHCB=5��K<=7<�A5B=:9GHG


K=H< HCFH=7C@@=G =:�H<9 GH9FBC7@9=8CA5GHC=8�AIG7@9 =G�=BJC@J98��"CK9J9F��8MGHCB=7 HCFH=7C@@=G 8C9G�BCH
A5B=:9GH�K=H<�5�D5@D56@9�A5GG�=B�H<9 GH9FBC7@9=8CA5GHC=8�AIG7@9��5G�G99B�=B�H<=G =B:5BH�

��� 85A1A-:*6728;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*C@M<M8F5AB=CG =B7F95G9G�=BHF5IH9F=B9�GD579��=H�=G�BCH�5�DF98=GDCG=B;�:57HCF�:CF�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C:
7CB;9B=H5@�HCFH=7C@@=G�

��� :.<.:6�+2:<1

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*F9H9FA�6=FH< �=�9�� @=J9�6=FH< 69:CF9����K99?G�C: ;9GH5H=CB��=G�BCH�5�8=F97H F=G?�:57HCF :CF�H<9


89J9@CDA9BH�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�HCFH=7C@@=G���CB8=H=CBG�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< DF9H9FA�6=FH< =B7@I89 B9CB5H5@
F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�GMB8FCA9� F9H=BCD5H<M�C:�DF9A5HIF=HM� B97FCH=N=B;�9BH9FC7C@=H=G��D9FG=GH9BH :9H5@
7=F7I@5H=CB� =BHF57F5B=5@�<9ACFF<5;9��5B8 G9DG=G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

� ���� ; �� @6�� CN� A5@9�B9K6CFB�=G�89@=J9F98�5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�HC�5 �� M95F C@8 KCA5B��.<9


ACH<9F�8=8�BCH�<5J9�DF9B5H5@�75F9��/DCB�9L5A=B5H=CB�=B�H<9�89@=J9FM�FCCA��H<9�B9K6CFB�G�G?=B�5DD95FG
6@I9��"9�=G ;5GD=B;�5B8�6F95H<=B;�=FF9;I@5F@M��.<9 95FG�5F9 @CK G9H K=H<�6FC58�5IF=7@9G��5B8�H<9 B5G5@�H=D
=G�:@5HH9B98��.<9 @CK9F�>5K�=G�GA5@@�5B8�8=GD@5798�657?K5F8��.<9 F=;<H�:CCH�=G�7@I6698��1<=7<�C:�H<9
:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�IB89F@M=B;�75IG9�C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�7CB8=H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� 9H5@�5B9A=5

� *I@ACB5FM�<MDCD@5G=5

� �GCD<5;95@�5HF9G=5

� '5H9FB5@�8=569H9G

� �B9B79D<5@M

*CGH9F=CF�IF9H<F5@�J5@J9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G B9K6CFB DF9G9BHG�K=H< @CK G9H 95FG��:@5H�BCG9� A=7FC;B5H<=5��:CCH 7@I66=B;��5B8�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�


K<=7<�GI;;9GHG *CHH9F�G9EI9B79���CADF9GG=CB�C:�;FCK=B;�:9H5@�H=GGI9�=B�IH9FC�8I9�HC C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG =G
H<9�IB89F@M=B;�9H=C@C;M�:CF *CHH9F�G9EI9B79�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �.<*5�*7.62*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

9H5@ 5B9A=5 �9�;���8I9�HC 5@@C=AAIB=N5H=CB =B�IH9FC��75IG9G�5�GH5H9�C:�<=;< 75F8=57�CIHDIH��K<=7<�=B


HIFB�=B7F95G9G IF=B9�DFC8I7H=CB 5B8�A5M�GI6G9EI9BH@M�F9GI@H�=B DC@M<M8F5AB=CG��BCH
C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG�

��� =5687*:A�1A9895*;2*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*I@ACB5FM�<MDCD@5G=5 =G�5�7@5GG=7�7CAD@=75H=CB�C: *CHH9F�G9EI9B79��K<=7<�F9GI@HG�=B�F9GD=F5HCFM


8=GHF9GG�5B8 7M5BCG=G��5G�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH��"CK9J9F��=H�=G�BCH�H<9�IB89F@M=B;�75IG9�C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G
CJ9F5@@�DF9G9BH5H=CB��6IH�F5H<9F�H<9�7CBG9EI9B79�C:�5�DFC6@9A�=B�H<9�95F@=9F�GH5;9G�C: :9H5@
89J9@CDA9BH�

��� �;891*0.*5�*<:.;2*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�GCD<5;95@�5HF9G=5 75IG9G DC@M<M8F5AB=CG 6975IG9�C:�H<9�:9HIG��=B56=@=HM�HC�GK5@@CK�5B8�8=;9GH


5AB=CH=7�:@I=8���9FH5=B�HMD9G�C: 9GCD<5;95@�5HF9G=5 H<5H�C77IF�=B�7CB>IB7H=CB�K=H< HF57<9C9GCD<5;95@
:=GHI@5G A5M�DF9G9BH�K=H<�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�5G�5�F9GI@H�C:�F97IFF9BH 5GD=F5H=CB��"CK9J9F� 9GCD<5;95@
5HF9G=5 KCI@8�BCH�9LD@5=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�:57=5@�5B8�@=A6�56BCFA5@=H=9G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �*<.:7*5�-2*+.<.;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

'5H9FB5@ 8=569H9G 75IG9G <MD9F;@M79A=5 =B�6CH<�H<9�ACH<9F�5B8�H<9�:9HIG� "MD9F;@M79A=5 =B�H<9�:9HIG


F9GI@HG�=B CGACH=7�8=IF9G=G 5B8��7CBG9EI9BH@M��=B7F95G98�:9H5@ IF=B9 CIHDIH��K<=7<�@958G�HC
DC@M<M8F5AB=CG��BCH C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG��'5H9FB5@ 8=569H9G =G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< :9H5@�75I85@�F9;F9GG=CB
GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�=G�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M 5;9B9G=G C:�H<9 G57FIA 5B8�CF @IA65F�GD=B9��D5F5@MG=G�C:�H<9
@9;G��5B8 5B5@�5HF9G=5��H<=G�=G�BCH�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�H<=G�:9HIG� A5@:CFA5H=CBG�

��� �7.7,.91*5A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

9H5@ 5B9B79D<5@M F9GI@HG�=B�H<9�=B56=@=HM�HC�GK5@@CK�5B8�8=;9GH 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8��:C@@CK98�6M


GI6G9EI9BH DC@M<M8F5AB=CG� �B9B79D<5@M =G�A5F?98�6M�5�G9J9F9@M�8MGACFD<=7 G?I@@ 5B8�H<9�56G9B79
C:�5�6F5=B��K<=7<�=G��=B�5@ACGH�5@@�75G9G��:5H5@�K=H<=B�H<9�:=FGH�:9K�<CIFG�5:H9F 6=FH<�

��� 8;<.:28:�=:.<1:*5�>*5>.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*F9B5H5@ DCGH9F=CF�IF9H<F5@�J5@J9G @958�HC�5 6@5889F�CIH@9H�C6GHFI7H=CB 5B8�GI6G9EI9BH


C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG��.<9�897F95G98�5ACIBH�C: 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8 A5M�F9GI@H�=B�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C:�:57=5@
89:CFA=H=9G��*CHH9F�:57=9G��5B8�@=A6G��5G�G99B�<9F9� )@=;C<M8F5AB=CG 75B�5@GC�5::97H�:9H5@ @IB;
89J9@CDA9BH��F9GI@H=B;�=B DI@ACB5FM�<MDCD@5G=5��.<=G =B:5BH�G 7M5BCG=G 5B8�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�=G
@=?9@M�8I9�HC DI@ACB5FM�<MDCD@5G=5��K<=7<�=G�5@GC�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�75IG9�C:�895H<�=B *CHH9F
G9EI9B79�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�9J5@I5H=CB�C:�GI779GG:I@�7CB79DH=CB��-<9�5B8�<9F


<IG65B8�5F9�HFM=B;�HC�7CB79=J9��5B8�H<9M�<5J9�<58�:F9EI9BH�G9LI5@�=BH9F7CIFG9�CJ9F�H<9�D5GH�ACBH<��"9F
A9BGHFI5@�7M7@9G�C77IF�5H F9;I@5F �� 85M =BH9FJ5@G��5B8�<9F @5GH�A9BGHFI5@�D9F=C8�69;5B ���85MG 5;C�
1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�G9BG=H=J9�H9GH�:CF�8=5;BCG=B;�DF9;B5B7M�5H�H<=G�H=A9�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� -9FIA�H9GH=B;

� �=5;BCG=G�=G�BCH�M9H�DCGG=6@9

� .F5BGJ5;=B5@�I@HF5GCIB8

� .F5BG568CA=B5@��CDD@9F�I@HF5GCIB8

� /F=B9�H9GH=B;

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

�H�H<=G�H=A9��H<9�D5H=9BH�=G�5DDFCL=A5H9@M ���85MG DCGH CJI@5H=CB��65G98�CB�5�F9;I@5F �� 85M 7M7@9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� #.:=6�<.;<270

�@95*7*<287��=<

-9FIA X <�! H9GH=B;�=G�H<9�DF9:9FF98�A9H<C8�HC�7CB:=FA�95F@M DF9;B5B7M =B�75G9G�K<9B�9L7@IG=CB�C:


DF9;B5B7M =G�5B�=ADCFH5BH�:57HCF��GI7<�5G�69:CF9�58A=B=GH9F=B;�5�8FI;�H<5H�75B�75IG9 H9F5HC;9B=7�6=FH<
89:97HG�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-9FIA X <�! H9GH=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�G9BG=H=J9�H9GH�:CF�89H97H=B;�95F@M DF9;B5B7M� X <�! =G�DFC8I798�6M


H<9 GMB7MH=CHFCD<C6@5GH HC�DF9G9FJ9�H<9 7CFDIG�@IH9IA 5B8�75B�69�89H97H98�=B�G9FIA�5G�95F@M�5G��Q�
85MG�5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB��+I5@=H5H=J9�G9FIA DF9;B5B7M H9GHG�75B�89H97H X <�! @9J9@G�C:��Q���A@/�A&�
5�EI5BH=H5H=J9�5GG5M�75B�A95GIF9�J5@I9G�5G�@CK�5G��Q��A@/�A&�

��� �2*078;2;�2;�78<�A.<�98;;2+5.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��8=5;BCG=G�C: DF9;B5B7M =G�DCGG=6@9�5H�H<=G�H=A9��5G�H<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�5DDFCL=A5H9@M����85MG


DCGHCJI@5H=CB�65G98�CB�H<9�@9B;H<�C:�<9F A9BGHFI5@�7M7@9� *F9;B5B7M 75B�69�89H97H98�5G�95F@M�5G��Q�
85MG�5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB�

��� $:*7;>*027*5�=5<:*;8=7-

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.F5BGJ5;=B5@�I@HF5GCIB8 75B�89H97H�5�;9GH5H=CB5@�G57�CF�=BHF5IH9F=B9�:@I=8�7C@@97H=CB�5FCIB8��Q��K99?G
5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB ��Q��K99?G�C: ;9GH5H=CB5@�5;9���.<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�5DDFCL=A5H9@M����85MG�DCGHCJI@5H=CB
65G98�CB�H<9�@9B;H<�C:�<9F A9BGHFI5@�7M7@9��5B8�5 HF5BGJ5;=B5@�I@HF5GCIB8 5H�H<=G�H=A9�KCI@8�BCH�69
56@9�HC�89H97H�5 DF9;B5B7M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� $:*7;*+-8627*5��8995.:�=5<:*;8=7-

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.F5BG568CA=B5@ �CDD@9F�I@HF5GCIB8 75B�89H97H�:9H5@�75F8=57�57H=J=HM�5G�95F@M�5G��Q���K99?G�5:H9F


:9FH=@=N5H=CB ���Q���K99?G�C: ;9GH5H=CB5@�5;9���.<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�5DDFCL=A5H9@M����85MG�DCGHCJI@5H=CB
65G98�CB�H<9�@9B;H<�C:�<9F A9BGHFI5@�7M7@9����HF5BG568CA=B5@ �CDD@9F�I@HF5GCIB8 5H�H<=G�H=A9�KCI@8
BCH�69�56@9�HC�89H97H�5 DF9;B5B7M�

��� %:27.�<.;<270

�@95*7*<287�'1A

/F=B9 H9GH=B;�75B�89H97H X <�! =B�H<9 IF=B9 5FCIB8����85MG�5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB��.<=G�D5H=9BH�=G


5DDFCL=A5H9@M����85MG�DCGHCJI@5H=CB�65G98�CB�H<9�@9B;H<�C:�<9F A9BGHFI5@�7M7@9��5B8�5 IF=B9
DF9;B5B7M H9GH�7CI@8�GH=@@�69�B9;5H=J9�5H�H<=G�H=A9�9J9B�=:�G<9�K9F9�DF9;B5BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287���

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB 7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�5 :C@@CK ID


9L5A=B5H=CB ��85MG 5:H9F�5B�=B7F95G98�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�A95GIF9A9BH��-<9�BCK�F9DCFHG�<5J=B;�5 <95857<9
5B8�J=GI5@�8=GHIF65B79G :CF�H<9�D5GH ���<CIFG��"9F�CB@M�A98=75H=CB�=G�5�DF9B5H5@�J=H5A=B��"9F�H9AD9F5HIF9
=G ����O�������O ���DI@G9�=G����A=B��5B8�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�=G �������AA�";��"9F�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�5H�<9F
:=FGH HF=A9GH9F DF9B5H5@�J=G=H�K5G �������AA�";��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�BC�56BCFA5@=H=9G�
&56CF5HCFM�GHI8=9G�G<CK�

"9AC;@C6=B �����;�8&

*@5H9@9H�7CIBH ��������AA�

-9FIA

�F95H=B=B9 ����A;�8&

/F=B9

�@CC8 B9;5H=J9

*FCH9=B B9;5H=J9

1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�DF=A5FM�7CADCB9BH�=B�H<9�D5H<C;9B9G=G�C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G
7CB8=H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� 05GC;9B=7�79F96F5@�989A5

� #B7F95G9�=B�7=F7I@5H=B;�D@5GA5�JC@IA9

� "MD9FD9F:IG=CB�C:�D@579BH5@�H=GGI9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

� �6BCFA5@�F9AC89@=B;�C:�GD=F5@�5FH9F=9G

� )J9F57H=J5H=CB�C:�H<9�7C5;I@5H=CB�75G7589

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G�KCA5B�G�G=;B=:=75BH@M 9@9J5H98�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9 �������AA�"; GMGHC@=7��5:H9F ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB =B


H<9�7CBH9LH�C: B9K CBG9H <95857<9G 5B8�J=GI5@�8=GHIF65B79G�=B8=75H9G DF997@5ADG=5�K=H<�G9J9F9�:95HIF9G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� &*;80.72,�,.:.+:*5�.-.6*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*FC;F9GG=CB�C: DF997@5ADG=5 HC 97@5ADG=5 75B�F9GI@H�:FCA�85A5;9�HC�H<9 79F96F5@�J5G7I@5HIF9 H<5H


@958G�HC 79F96F5@�989A5��K<=7<�=B7F95G9G�H<9�F=G?�C:�89J9@CD=B;�;9B9F5@=N98 HCB=7 7@CB=7 G9=NIF9G�
.<=G�D5H=9BH�G <95857<9G 5B8�J=GI5@�8=GHIF65B79�=B8=75H9�GCA9 �(- =BJC@J9A9BH�C:�<9F�IB89F@M=B;
<MD9FH9BG=CB��"CK9J9F��<9F�@57?�C: G9=NIF9G =B8=75H9G�H<5H�G<9�<5G�BCH�M9H�DFC;F9GG98�HC 97@5ADG=5�

��� �7,:.*;.�27�,2:,=5*<270�95*;6*�>85=6.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�=F7I@5H=B;�D@5GA5�JC@IA9�=B7F95G9G�6M�5@ACGH�����5G�5�D<MG=C@C;=7�585DH5H=CB�=B�BCFA5@
DF9;B5B7=9G��.<=G�=B7F95G9�=B�D@5GA5�JC@IA9�75B�75IG9�HF5BG=9BH�A5H9FB5@ 5B9A=5 6IH�8C9G�BCH
7CBHF=6IH9�HC�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C: DF997@5ADG=5�

��� �A9.:9.:/=;287�8/�95*,.7<*5�<2;;=.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*F997@5ADG=5 =G�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�<MDCD9F:IG=CB��BCH�<MD9FD9F:IG=CB��C:�H<9 D@579BH5 5B8�H<9�:9HIG�


"MD9FH9BG=CB G99B�=B DF997@5ADG=5 =G�5�A5H9FB5@�7CAD9BG5HCFM�A97<5B=GA�HC�5HH9ADH�HC�CJ9F7CA9
H<=G�<MDCD9F:IG=CB��<CK9J9F��5FH9F=5@ J5GC7CBGHF=7H=CB 8I9�HC�GMGH9A=7 <MD9FH9BG=CB C:H9B�:IFH<9F
897F95G9G D@579BH5@ D9F:IG=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �+78:6*5�:.68-.5270�8/�;92:*5�*:<.:2.;

�@95*7*<287��=<

)H<9F�:95HIF9G�C: DF997@5ADG=5 =B7@I89 989A5 5B8 DFCH9=BIF=5 �:FCA ;@CA9FI@5F 9B8CH<9@=5@


8MG:IB7H=CB�5B8 <MD9FH9BG=CB =B8I798 J5GC7CBGHF=7H=CB�� DI@ACB5FM�989A5 �:FCA�=B7F95G9 75D=@@5FM
D9FA956=@=HM�� H<FCA6C7MHCD9B=5 �:FCA D@5H9@9H 7CBGIADH=CB���5B8 5B9A=5 �:FCA A=7FC5B;=CD5H<=7
<9AC@MG=G���1CA9B�K=H< DF997@5ADG=5 <5J9�5�<=;<9F�F=G?�C: D@579BH5@�56FIDH=CB� �,�-� �#���5B8
A5H9FB5@�895H<�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�6BCFA5@�F9AC89@=B;�C:�H<9 GD=F5@�5FH9F=9G 7F95H9G�B5FFCK�J9GG9@G�=BGH958�C:�@5F;9��<=;< 75D57=HM


J9GG9@G��K<=7<�@958G�HC D@579BH5@ <MDCD9F:IG=CB��.<=G�75IG9G�H<9�F9@95G9�C:�J5GC57H=J9�GI6GH5B79G�6M
H<9 D@579BH5 =BHC�H<9�A5H9FB5@�6@CC8GHF95A�H<5H�5@H9F�GMGH9A=7 9B8CH<9@=5@ 79@@�:IB7H=CB��#B7F95G98
J5G7I@5F�HCB9��GMGH9A=7 J5GC7CBGHF=7H=CB��F5=G9G�A5H9FB5@�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�HC�9BGIF9�GI::=7=9BH�6@CC8
GIDD@M�HC�H<9�:9HIG��5B8 9B8CH<9@=5@ @9G=CBG�5B8�F9@95G9�C: DFC7C5;I@5BHG F9GI@H�=B�A=7FCH<FCA6=�
.<9G9�:57HCFG�@958�HC�CF;5B =G7<9A=5 5B8�85A5;9��K<=7<�75B�A5B=:9GH�K=H< <95857<9G 5B8�J=GI5@
8=GHIF65B79G�5G�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�8I9�HC�J5GCGD5GAG�=B�H<9 �(-�

��� �>.:*,<2>*<287�8/�<1.�,8*0=5*<287�,*;,*-.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

)J9F57H=J5H=CB�C:�H<9 7C5;I@5H=CB�75G7589 =G�H<9�DF=A5FM�7CADCB9BH�=B�H<9�D5H<C;9B9G=G�C: "�&&*


GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�HMD=75@@M�A5B=:9GHG�=B�H<9�7CBH9LH�C: DF997@5ADG=5��"CK9J9F� "�&&*�GMB8FCA9 =G
7<5F57H9F=N98�6M 9J=89B79�C:�<9AC@MG=G��9@9J5H98 & .G��5B8 H<FCA6C7MHCD9B=5��H<9F9:CF9��=H�=G
9::97H=J9@M�FI@98�CIH�6M�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�BCFA5@ <9AC;@C6=B @9J9@�5B8 D@5H9@9H�7CIBH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

��DF9J=CIG@M�<95@H<M �� M95F C@8 KCA5B�7CA9G�HC�H<9�9A9F;9B7M�89D5FHA9BH�:CF�9J5@I5H=CB�C:


=BHF57H56@9�JCA=H=B;�5B8�IH9F=B9�7F5AD=B;��"9F�@5GH�A9BGHFI5@�D9F=C8�K5G ��K99?G 5;C��-9FIA
X <IA5B�7<CF=CB=7�;CB58CHFCD=B 7CB79BHF5H=CB�=G ��������A#/�A&����HF5BGJ5;=B5@�I@HF5GCIB8�G<CKG�5
7CAD@9L =BHF5IH9F=B9�A5GG�K=H<�BIA9FCIG�5B97<C=7�GD579G 5B8�AI@H=D@9�CJ5F=5B�7MGHG��.<9�D5H=9BH
IB89F;C9G�8=@5H=CB�5B8�7IF9HH5;9��K<=7<�G<CKG <M8FCD=7�J=@@=�K=H<�8=::IG9��7=F7IA:9F9BH=5@�HFCD<C6@5GH=7
DFC@=:9F5H=CB��%5FMCHMD9�5B5@MG=G�C:�H<9�GD97=A9B�=G�ACGH�@=?9@M�HC�G<CK�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� ���22�C:�A5H9FB5@�CF=;=B�CB@M

� ���223�C:�D5H9FB5@�CF=;=B�CB@M

� ���22�C:�D5H9FB5@�CF=;=B�CB@M

� ���23�C:�6CH<�A5H9FB5@�5B8�D5H9FB5@�CF=;=B

� ���233�C:�6CH<�A5H9FB5@�5B8�D5H9FB5@�CF=;=B

���222�C:�A5H9FB5@�CF=;=B�CB@M

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

#B�5�D5H=9BH�K=H<�5�RGBCKGHCFAS�D5HH9FB�CB I@HF5GCIB8 5B8�5�8F5A5H=75@@M�9@9J5H98�G9FIA X <�!��5


7IF9HH5;9 GD97=A9B�G<CK=B;�<M8FCD=7�J=@@=�K=H<�8=::IG9��7=F7IA:9F9BH=5@ DFC@=:9F5H=CB C: HFCD<C6@5GH=7
H=GGI9 =G�8=5;BCGH=7�C:�5 7CAD@9H9�AC@9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� ���((�8/�6*<.:7*5�8:2027�875A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

� 7CAD@9H9�<M85H=8=:CFA�AC@9 F9GI@HG�:FCA�H<9 :9FH=@=N5H=CB C:�5B�R9ADHMS CC7MH9 �=�9���CB9�H<5H�8C9G


BCH�75FFM�5BM 7<FCACGCA9G����M�H<=G�89:=B=H=CB��H<9�;9B9H=7�=B:CFA5H=CB�=B�5 7CAD@9H9�AC@9 75BBCH
69�9L7@IG=J9@M�C:�A5H9FB5@�CF=;=B�

��� ���(()�8/�9*<.:7*5�8:2027�875A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��AC@9�C: HF=D@C=8 ?5FMCHMD9 K=@@�5@K5MG�69�5 D5FH=5@�AC@9��F9GI@H=B;�:FCA�5B CC7MH9 H<5H�<5G�699B


:9FH=@=N98�6M�HKC�GD9FA5HCNC5���M�H<=G�89:=B=H=CB��H<9�;9B9H=7�=B:CFA5H=CB�7CBH5=B98�=B�5 D5FH=5@�AC@9
75BBCH�69�9L7@IG=J9@M�C:�D5H9FB5@�CF=;=B��6IH�KCI@8�F5H<9F�69�CB9�D5FH�A5H9FB5@�5B8�HKC�D5FHG
D5H9FB5@���G�CDDCG98�HC�H<9�8=::IG9�9B@5F;9A9BH�C:�<M8FCD=7�J=@@=�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH� D5FH=5@�AC@9G
5F9�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�:9H5@�CF�9A6FMCB=7�D5FHG�=B�588=H=CB�HC HFCD<C6@5GH=7�H=GGI9�� IFH<9FACF9� 69H5
<�! 9@9J5H=CB�=B D5FH=5@�AC@9G =G�BCH�5G�9LHF9A9�5G�=B 7CAD@9H9�AC@9G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� ���((�8/�9*<.:7*5�8:2027�875A

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

� 7CAD@9H9�<M85H=8=:CFA�AC@9 F9GI@HG�:FCA�H<9 :9FH=@=N5H=CB C:�5B�R9ADHMS CC7MH9 �=�9���CB9�H<5H�8C9G


BCH�75FFM�5BM 7<FCACGCA9G��6M�5 GD9FA��.<9 <5D@C=8 G9H�C: 7<FCACGCA9G :FCA�H<9 GD9FA H<9B
8CI6@9G��D5H9FB5@�8=GCAM��HC�M=9@8�5 ?5FMCHMD9 C:�9=H<9F����22��������C:�75G9G��CF����23�������
C:�75G9G�� ,=G?�:57HCFG :CF AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M =B7@I89�DF9J=CIG�AC@5F DF9;B5B7=9G 5B8�J9FM�MCIB;�CF
J9FM�C@8�5;9��8I9�HC�=B7F95G98�F=G?�C: CC7MH9 56BCFA5@=H=9G����G�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH��H<9F9�=G�C:H9B�G9J9F9
5B8�=BHF57H56@9�JCA=H=B;�6975IG9�C:�9LHF9A9@M�9@9J5H98�G9FIA 69H5�<�! @9J9@G��.<9�9L79GG=J9
5ACIBH�C: 69H5�<�! 5@GC�GH=AI@5H9G�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C:�CJ5F=5B H<975�@IH9=B�7MGHG��K<=7<�5F9�G99B�CB
H<=G�D5H=9BH�G I@HF5GCIB8�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� ���()�8/�+8<1�6*<.:7*5�*7-�9*<.:7*5�8:2027

�@95*7*<287�'1A

� 7CAD@9H9�<M85H=8=:CFA�AC@9 F9GI@HG�:FCA�H<9 :9FH=@=N5H=CB C:�5B�R9ADHMS CC7MH9 �=�9���CB9�H<5H�8C9G


BCH�75FFM�5BM 7<FCACGCA9G���#B�9LHF9A9@M�F5F9�75G9G��5B 5IHCGCA5@�F979GG=J9 8=GCF89F�75B�@958�HC�5
7CAD@9H9 AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M 7CBH5=B=B;�;9B9H=7�=B:CFA5H=CB�C:�6CH<�A5H9FB5@�5B8�D5H9FB5@�CF=;=B�
"CK9J9F��5BCH<9F ?5FMCHMD9 =G�AI7<�ACF9�@=?9@M�

��� ���())�8/�+8<1�6*<.:7*5�*7-�9*<.:7*5�8:2027

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��AC@9�C: HF=D@C=8 ?5FMCHMD9 K=@@�5@K5MG�69�5 D5FH=5@�AC@9��F9GI@H=B;�:FCA�5B CC7MH9 H<5H�<5G�699B


:9FH=@=N98�6M�HKC�GD9FA5HCNC5�����233�=G�5�F5F9�6IH�DCGG=6@9 ?5FMCHMD9 C:�5 D5FH=5@�AC@9���G�CDDCG98
HC�H<9�8=::IG9�9B@5F;9A9BH�C:�<M8FCD=7�J=@@=�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH� D5FH=5@�AC@9G 5F9�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M
:9H5@�CF�9A6FMCB=7�D5FHG�=B�588=H=CB�HC HFCD<C6@5GH=7�H=GGI9�� IFH<9FACF9� 69H5�<�! 9@9J5H=CB�=B
D5FH=5@�AC@9G =G�BCH�5G�9LHF9A9�5G�=B 7CAD@9H9�AC@9G�

��� ���(((�8/�6*<.:7*5�8:2027�875A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��AC@9�C: HF=D@C=8 ?5FMCHMD9 K=@@�5@K5MG�69�5 D5FH=5@�AC@9��F9GI@H=B;�:FCA�5B CC7MH9 H<5H�<5G�699B


:9FH=@=N98�6M�HKC�GD9FA5HCNC5���M�H<=G�89:=B=H=CB��;9B9H=7�=B:CFA5H=CB�=B�5 D5FH=5@�AC@9 75BBCH�69
9L7@IG=J9@M�C:�A5H9FB5@�CF=;=B��6IH�KCI@8�F5H<9F�69�CB9�D5FH�A5H9FB5@�5B8�HKC�D5FHG�D5H9FB5@���G
CDDCG98�HC�H<9�8=::IG9�9B@5F;9A9BH�C:�<M8FCD=7 7<CF=CB=7�J=@@= G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH� D5FH=5@�AC@9G 5F9
7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�:9H5@�CF�9A6FMCB=7�D5FHG�=B�588=H=CB�HC HFCD<C6@5GH=7�H=GGI9�� IFH<9FACF9� 69H5�<�!
9@9J5H=CB�=B D5FH=5@�AC@9G =G�BCH�5G�9LHF9A9�5G�=B 7CAD@9H9�AC@9G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

� � 85M C@8 :9A5@9�B9K6CFB�89@=J9F98�J5;=B5@@M�5H ���K99?G HC�5 �� M95F C@8 KCA5B�<5G�;9B9F5@=N98


7CBJI@G=CBG�@5GH=B; ��A=BIH9G��*F=CF�HC�H<9�9J9BH��G<9�K5G�@9H<5F;=7�5B8�<58�8=::=7I@HM�:998=B;��.<9�=B:5BH
<5G�HKC�<95@H<M�C@89F�G=6@=B;G�5B8�H<9�ACH<9F�G�=AAIB=N5H=CBG�5F9 ID HC 85H9��.<9�=B:5BH�5DD95FG�=7H9F=7�
.<9�=B:5BH�G�K9=;<H�5B8�@9B;H<�5F9�5H�H<9 �H< D9F79BH=@9��5B8�<9F <958�7=F7IA:9F9B79�=G�5H�H<9
��H< D9F79BH=@9 :CF�;9GH5H=CB5@�5;9��.<9F9�5F9�G9J9F5@�DIFDIF5�C:�H<9�G?=B��)7I@5F�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG
DCGH9F=CF�IJ9=H=G���F5B=5@�I@HF5GCBC;F5D<M�G<CKG�J9BHF=7I@5F�8=@5H5H=CB��5G�K9@@�5G <MD9F97<C=7�:C7=
K=H<=B�H<9�7CFH9L��65G5@�;5B;@=5��5B8�D9F=J9BHF=7I@5F�F9;=CB��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M
8=5;BCG=G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �CB;9B=H5@�.F9DCB9A5�D5@@=8IA�=B:97H=CB

� �CB;9B=H5@�7MHCA9;5@CJ=FIG�=B:97H=CB

� �CB;9B=H5@�FI69@@5�=B:97H=CB

� �CB;9B=H5@�J5F=79@@5�=B:97H=CB

� �CB;9B=H5@�D5FJCJ=FIG�=B:97H=CB

�CB;9B=H5@�.CLCD@5GA5�;CB8==�=B:97H=CB

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

�=::IG9�=BHF57F5B=5@�75@7=:=75H=CBG��G99B�5G�<MD9F97<C=7�@9G=CBG�CB I@HF5GCBC;F5D<M��5F9�<=;<@M�GD97=:=7�HC
5�D5FH=7I@5F�7CB;9B=H5@�=B:97H=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �870.72<*5�$:.987.6*�9*552-=6�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�CB;9B=H5@ Treponema pallidum =B:97H=CB�=G�H<9�75IG9�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�GMD<=@=G��K<=7<�A5M�F9GI@H�=B


DF9A5HIF9�89@=J9FM� @CK�6=FH<�K9=;<H� B9CB5H5@�>5IB8=79� G9=NIF9G��5B8 7<CF=CF9H=B=H=G��"CK9J9F��CH<9F
7@=B=75@�A5B=:9GH5H=CBG�=B�H<=G B9CB5H9��GI7<�5G�=BHF57F5B=5@�75@7=:=75H=CBG�5B8 <M8FC79D<5@IG��5F9�BCH
HMD=75@@M�G99B�=B 7CB;9B=H5@�GMD<=@=G�

��� �870.72<*5�,A<86.0*58>2:=;�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*F9A5HIF9�89@=J9FM� @CK�6=FH<�K9=;<H� G9=NIF9G� >5IB8=79� 7<CF=CF9H=B=H=G��5B8�5 DIFDIF=7 F5G<�5F9�5@@


7<5F57H9F=GH=7�:95HIF9G�C: 7CB;9B=H5@��'0�=B:97H=CB��"CK9J9F��=BHF57F5B=5@�75@7=:=75H=CB��5G�G99B�=B
H<=G B9CB5H9��KCI@8�@=?9@M�69�@=A=H98�HC�H<9�D9F=J9BHF=7I@5F�F9;=CB���@GC� 7CB;9B=H5@��'0�=B:97H=CB =G
IGI5@@M�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< A=7FC79D<5@M 5B8�BCH A57FC79D<5@M�

��� �870.72<*5�:=+.55*�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G B9K6CFB�G @CK�6=FH<�K9=;<H� DIFDIF=7 F5G<��R6@I969FFM�AI::=BS�F5G<�� >5IB8=79� 7<CF=CF9H=B=H=G�


5B8 <M8FC79D<5@IG 5F9�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< 7CB;9B=H5@�FI69@@5�=B:97H=CB��"CK9J9F��H<9�ACH<9F�G
=AAIB=N5H=CBG�5F9�ID HC 85H9��A5?=B;�5B�=BHF5IH9F=B9�=B:97H=CB�J9FM�IB@=?9@M���=::IG9�=BHF57F5B=5@
75@7=:=75H=CBG�5F9�5@GC�ACF9�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�5BCH<9F�8=5;BCG=G���88=H=CB5@@M� 75H5F57HG��K<=7<�H<=G
=B:5BH @57?G��5F9�5B�=ADCFH5BH�5B8�7CAACB�:=B8=B;�=B 7CB;9B=H5@�FI69@@5�=B:97H=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �870.72<*5�>*:2,.55*�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

� 7CB;9B=H5@�J5F=79@@5�=B:97H=CB =G�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G @CK�6=FH<�K9=;<H� 7<CF=CF9H=B=H=G��5B8


G9=NIF9G��"CK9J9F��H<9�ACH<9F�G J577=B5H=CBG 5F9�ID HC 85H9��A5?=B;�5B�=BHF5IH9F=B9�=B:97H=CB�J9FM
IB@=?9@M���88=H=CB5@@M� 89FA5HCA5@ <MD9FHFCD<=7�G75FG��K<=7<�5F9�DF9G9BH�=B�������C: B9CB5H9G K=H<
7CB;9B=H5@ J5F=79@@5��KCI@8�5@GC�69�9LD97H98�

��� �870.72<*5�9*:>8>2:=;�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-MADHCA5H=7 7CB;9B=H5@�D5FJCJ=FIG�=B:97H=CB DF9G9BHG�K=H<�G9J9F9 5D@5GH=7�5B9A=5� :9H5@�<M8FCDG�


5B8�CF�5�<=;< CIHDIH�75F8=57�:5=@IF9��K<=7<�=G�=B7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�H<=G B9CB5H9�G�DF9G9BH5H=CB�

��� �870.72<*5�$8@895*;6*�087-22�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G B9K6CFB�G 7<CF=CF9H=B=H=G��8=::IG9�=BHF57F5B=5@�75@7=:=75H=CBG��5B8�G=;BG�C: <M8FC79D<5@IG


�9B@5F;98�<958�7=F7IA:9F9B79� J9BHF=7I@CA9;5@M��5F9�=B8=75H=J9�C:�7CB;9B=H5@ Toxoplasma gondii
=B:97H=CB��H<9�75IG9�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�HCLCD@5GACG=G��.<9�8=5;BCG=G�=G�:IFH<9F�GIDDCFH98�6M�H<9�DF9G9B79
C: DIFDIF=7 F5G<� >5IB8=79� G9=NIF9G��5B8�G=;BG�C: =BHF5IH9F=B9�;FCKH<�F9GHF=7H=CB �DF9A5HIF9�6=FH<�
GA5@@�:CF�;9GH5H=CB5@�5;9��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

� ���� ; �� @6��:9A5@9�B9K6CFB�=G�89@=J9F98�5H�H9FA�HC�5 �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5���


�L5A=B5H=CB�=B�H<9�89@=J9FM�FCCA�G<CKG A=7FC;B5H<=5� DFCA=B9BH�C77=DIH K=H<�:@5HH9B98�B5G5@�6F=8;9�
5B8�DC=BHM @CK G9H 95FG��.<9�9M9G�5F9�IDK5F8�G@5BH=B;�K=H<�GA5@@�D5@D96F5@�:=GGIF9G��.<9�:=GHG�5F9
7@9B7<98�K=H<�:=B;9FG�H=;<H@M�:@9L98��.<9 =B89L�:=B;9F�CJ9F@5DG�H<9�H<=F8�:=B;9F�5B8�H<9�:=:H<�:=B;9F
CJ9F@5DG�H<9�:CIFH<��� ����<C@CGMGHC@=7 AIFAIF�=G�<95F8�5H�H<9�@CK9F�@9:H�GH9FB5@�6CF89F��.<9�B=DD@9G�5F9
K=89@M�GD5798�5B8�H<9�:99H�<5J9 DFCA=B9BH�<99@G�5B8�7CBJ9L��FCIB898�GC@9G��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G
H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�75IG9�C:�H<9G9�:=B8=B;G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� .F=GCAM���

� -9L�7<FCACGCA9�ACBCGCAM

� 9H5@�5@7C<C@�GMB8FCA9

� �9@9H=CB�C:��<FCACGCA9��D

� .F=GCAM���

.F=GCAM���

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

-97CB8�HF=A9GH9F EI58FID@9�G7F99B=B; H9GH�KCI@8�<5J9�G<CKB W�:F99 9GHF=C@� W � *� W #B<=6=B����5B8


W�X "�!�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� $:2;86A� �

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G =B:5BH�G�:95HIF9G�5F9�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< HF=GCAM��� ��8K5F8G�GMB8FCA9����@5GG=7�:95HIF9G�=B7@I89�5


7<5F57H9F=GH=7�7F5B=C:57=5@�ACFD<C@C;M��A=7FC;B5H<=5��DFCA=B9BH�C77=DIH��5B8�DC=BHM��@CK G9H�95FG��
7@9B7<98�:=GHG�K=H< :@9L=CB 7CBHF57HIF9G C:�H<9�:=B;9FG��5B8 FC7?9F 6CHHCA :99H��7CBJ9L :CCH�89:CFA=HM
K=H<�DFCA=B9BH�<99@���.<9 =B:5BH 5@GC�DF9G9BHG�K=H<�CH<9F�:95HIF9G�H<5H�5F9�7CAACB@M�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<
H<9�GMB8FCA9��GI7<�5G�5�7CB;9B=H5@ <95FH 89:97H��<C@CGMGHC@=7�AIFAIF GI;;9GH=J9�C: 0-���5B8 @CK
6=FH<�K9=;<H �GI;;9GH=J9�C: =BHF5IH9F=B9�;FCKH<�F9H5F85H=CB��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� #.@�,1:868;86.�6878;86A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

'CBCGCAM 2�����2)��=G�H<9 ?5FMCHMD9 5GGC7=5H98�K=H< .IFB9F�GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�=G�5�7CAACB


8=GCF89F�C:�G9L�89J9@CDA9BH =B�:9A5@9G��"CK9J9F��5D5FH�:FCA�H<9�K=89@M�GD5798�B=DD@9G��H<9F9�5F9�BC
:95HIF9G�HMD=75@�:CF .IFB9F�GMB8FCA9��9�;�� @MAD<989A5 C:�H<9�@=A6G��<=;<�5F7<98 D5@5H9��5B8 K96698
B97?��DF9G9BH�=B�H<=G�7<=@8� 'CBCGCAM 3�=G�BCH�7CAD5H=6@9�K=H<�@=:9�

��� �.<*5�*5,8185�;A7-:86.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

9H5@�5@7C<C@�GMB8FCA9 � �-��F9GI@HG�:FCA�A5H9FB5@�5@7C<C@�=BH5?9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��K<=7<�=G�H<9


ACGH�7CAACB�75IG9�C: H9F5HC;9B=7 85A5;9�=B�7<=@8F9B��#H�A5B=:9GHG�=B�5�GD97HFIA�C:�:95HIF9G��5B8
H<=G�7<=@8�8C9G�DF9G9BH�K=H<�5�:9K�7CAACB�:95HIF9G�C: �-��GI7<�5G�B5FFCK D5@D96F5@�:=GGIF9G�
A=7FC;B5H<=5��5B8�9J=89B79�C:�5�7CB;9B=H5@�75F8=57�5BCA5@M��"CK9J9F��G<9�@57?G�ACGH�CH<9F�HMD=75@
:95HIF9G��GI7<�5G�5 <MDCD@5GH=7 D<=@HFIA��8CKB G@5BH=B;�5B8�K=89@M�GD5798 D5@D96F5@�:=GGIF9G��5B8
B5FFCK�:CF9<958��'CF9CJ9F��H<=G�D5H=9BH�G FC7?9F 6CHHCA :99H��@CK G9H�95FG��7@9B7<98�:=GHG��5B8
DFCA=B9BH�C77=DIH�KCI@8�BCH�69�G99B�=B �-�

��� �.5.<287�8/��1:868;86.��9

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G ;9BCHMD9 =G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< �F= 8I 7<5H�GMB8FCA9��.<=G�D5H=9BH�G�@=?9@M�7CB;9B=H5@ <95FH 89:97H


�<C@CGMGHC@=7�AIFAIF GI;;9GH=J9�C: 0-���5B8 @CK�6=FH<�K9=;<H 5F9�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< �F= 8I 7<5H
GMB8FCA9��"CK9J9F��G<9�8C9G�BCH�<5J9�H<9�ACGH�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�:95HIF9��5�75H @=?9��<=;< D=H7<98
7FM=B;���88=H=CB5@@M��G<9�@57?G�H<9�HMD=75@�:57=5@�5BCA5@=9G��9�;�� 9D=75BH<IG��ACCB�:57=9G��K=89@M
GD5798�9M9G��5B8 A=7FC79D<5@M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� $:2;86A� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.F=GCAM��� �*5H5I�GMB8FCA9��=G�5�;9B9H=7�GMB8FCA9�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�79FH5=B�7CB;9B=H5@�5BCA5@=9G
H<5H�5F9�5@GC�DF9G9BH�=B�H<=G�7<=@8��=B7@I8=B;�@CK G9H�95FG��:@9L98�:=B;9FG��5B8�G=;BG�C:�5�7CB;9B=H5@
75F8=57�89:97H��<C@CGMGHC@=7�AIFAIF GI;;9GH=J9�C: 0-����"CK9J9F��CH<9F�?9M�:95HIF9G�C: HF=GCAM����
GI7<�5G 7@9:H�@=D 5B8 D5@5H9� A=7FCD<H<5@A=5��5B8 DC@M857HM@M��KCI@8�5@GC�69�9LD97H98�

��� $:2;86A��

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.F=GCAM��� ��CKB�GMB8FCA9��=G�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB 7<FCACGCA5@ 8=GCF89F�G99B�=B @=J9�6=FH<G� #B:5BHG


K=H< HF=GCAM��� 5F9�IGI5@@M�8=5;BCG98�65G98�CB�5�7CA6=B5H=CB�C:�7@5GG=7�7@=B=75@�:95HIF9G�=B7@I8=B;�
6F57<M79D<5@M��8MGACFD<=7�:57=5@�:95HIF9G��9�;�� 9D=75BH<IG��DFCHI69F5BH HCB;I9��:@5HH9B98�B5G5@
6F=8;9� <MD9FH9@CF=GA���5�G=B;@9 HF5BGJ9FG9�D5@A5F�7F95G9��5B8�5 G5B85@�;5D 89:CFA=HM��.<=G�7<=@8�8C9G
9L<=6=H�GCA9�:95HIF9G�C: �CKB�GMB8FCA9���9�;���:@5HH9B98�B5G5@�6F=8;9��IDK5F8�G@5BH=B;�9M9G�K=H<
GA5@@ D5@D96F5@�:=GGIF9G��5B8�DF9G9B79�C: 0-����6IH�H<9�56G9B79�C:�5@@�CH<9F�HMD=75@�:95HIF9G�5G�K9@@�5G
H<9�DF9G9B79�C:�588=H=CB5@�:95HIF9G��A=7FC;B5H<=5� FC7?9F 6CHHCA :99H��A5?9G�H<=G�8=5;BCG=G�<=;<@M
IB@=?9@M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

� � ACBH< C@8�A5@9�=B:5BH�K=H<�"#0�=B:97H=CB�=G�6FCI;<H�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�9J5@I5H=CB��.<9�D<MG=7=5B
F97CAA9B8G ACBH<@M�=BHF5AIG7I@5F�=B>97H=CBG�C:�5�ACBC7@CB5@�5BH=6C8M HC�DFCH97H�5;5=BGH�5�D5FH=7I@5F
=B:97H=CB��.<9�75IG5@�D5H<C;9B�:CF�H<=G�=B:97H=CB�=G�ACGH�@=?9@M�HF5BGA=HH98�6M�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;
FCIH9G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �9FCGC@�=B<5@5H=CB

� �@CC8�HF5BG:IG=CB

� -?=B�=BC7I@5H=CB

� �F95GH�:998=B;

� 975@ CF5@�FCIH9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<9�CB@M �� 5DDFCJ98 ACBC7@CB5@�5BH=6C8M H<5H�=G�7IFF9BH@M�5J5=@56@9�:CF�=B:97H=CB�DFCD<M@5L=G�=G


D5@=J=NIA56��#H�DF9J9BHG�=B:97H=CB�6M�5B 9BJ9@CD98�J=FIG K=H<�5�<9@=75@ 75DG=8 5B8 G=B;@9 GHF5B898�
B9;5H=J9 G9BG9� BCB G9;A9BH98 ,(��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �.:8;85�271*5*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

,9;I@5F�58A=B=GHF5H=CB�C:�ACBC7@CB5@ 5BH=6C8M D5@=J=NIA56 =G�F97CAA9B898�:CF�D5H=9BHG�=B


=AAIBC7CADFCA=G98 GH5H9G��9�;�� "#0 =B:97H=CB���#H�DF9J9BHG�=B:97H=CB�K=H< F9GD=F5HCFM GMB7MH=5@
J=FIG �,-0���K<=7<�A5M�75IG9 6FCB7<=C@=H=G =B =B:5BHG� ,-0 =G�IGI5@@M�HF5BGA=HH98�J=5�59FCGC@
=B<5@5H=CB�

��� �588-�<:*7;/=;287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9�J=FIG�H5F;9H98�6M�H<9�ACBC7@CB5@ 5BH=6C8M D5@=J=NIA56 =G�BCH�6@CC8 6CFB9��*5H<C;9BG�H<5H�A5M


69�HF5BGA=HH98�H<FCI;< 6@CC8�HF5BG:IG=CB =B7@I89 <9D5H=H=G���J=FIG� <9D5H=H=G���J=FIG��5B8 "#0�

��� #427�278,=5*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

05F=CIG�=B:97H=CBG�GI7<�5G H9H5BIG� <9FD9G��5B8 J5F=79@@5 75B�69�HF5BGA=HH98�6M G?=B =BC7I@5H=CB�


�8A=B=GHF5H=CB�C:�H<9�ACBC7@CB5@ 5BH=6C8M D5@=J=NIA56 =G�IG98�HC�DF9J9BH�=B:97H=CB�K=H<�5BCH<9F
D5H<C;9B�H<5H�=G�BCH�HF5BGA=HH98�6M G?=B =BC7I@5H=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �:.*;<�/..-270

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9FH5=B�D5H<C;9BG��9�;�� �'0� "#0��CF ".&0 ���75B�69�HF5BGA=HH98�H<FCI;< 6F95GH�A=@?��.<9�J=FIG


H5F;9H98�6M�H<9�ACBC7@CB5@ 5BH=6C8M D5@=J=NIA56��<CK9J9F��=G�BCH�HF5BGA=HH98�=B�H<=G�K5M�

��� �.,*5�8:*5�:8=<.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*5H<C;9BG�GI7<�5G FCH5J=FIG� BCFCJ=FIG��5B8 589BCJ=FIG��K<=7<�5F9�HF5BGA=HH98�J=5�H<9 :975@ CF5@


FCIH9��5F9�7CAACB�75IG9G�C: ;5GHFC9BH9F=H=G =B�7<=@8F9B��.<9�J=FIG�H5F;9H98�6M�H<9�ACBC7@CB5@
5BH=6C8M D5@=J=NIA56��<CK9J9F��=G�BCH�HF5BGA=HH98�J=5�H<9 :975@ CF5@�FCIH9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

� ���� ; �� @6�� CN��:9A5@9�B9K6CFB�89@=J9F98�5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�89J9@CDG F5D=8�6F95H<=B;�


;FIBH=B;��5B8�GI67CGH5@�F9HF57H=CBG�G<CFH@M�5:H9F�6=FH<���9GD=H9�5DDFCDF=5H9�@=:9G5J=B;�A95GIF9G��H<9
B9K6CFB�8=9G ��<CIFG @5H9F���IHCDGM�G<CKG 6=@5H9F5@�F9B5@�5;9B9G=G��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH
@=?9@M�IB89F@M=B;�75IG9�C:�H<=G�B9K6CFB�G�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �97F95G98�GK5@@CK=B;�C:�5AB=CH=7�:@I=8

� #B>IFM�HC�H<9�8=5D<F5;A5H=7�=BB9FJ5H=CB

� *I@ACB5FM�F9H9BH=CB�C:�5AB=CH=7�:@I=8

� �=GD@579A9BH�C:�=BH9GH=B9G�=BHC�H<9�D@9IF5@�75J=HM

� �C@@5DG9�C:�H<9�GIDF5;@CHH=7�5=FK5M

#BGI::=7=9BH�DFC8I7H=CB�C:�GIF:57H5BH

! -IF:57H5BH�=B57H=J5H=CB�5B8�9D=H<9@=5@�=B:@5AA5H=CB

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G B9K6CFB <5G�:95HIF9G�GI;;9GH=J9�C: *CHH9F�G9EI9B79��F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�5B8�6=@5H9F5@ F9B5@


5;9B9G=G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �.,:.*;.-�;?*558?270�8/�*6728<2,�/5=2-

�@95*7*<287��=<

)@=;C<M8F5AB=CG 5@GC�@958G�HC�=BHF5IH9F=B9�7CADF9GG=CB��9�;���C:�H<9�7<9GH���;FCKH<�F9GHF=7H=CB��5B8
CH<9F�:95HIF9G�C: *CHH9F�G9EI9B79 GI7<�5G�7F5B=C:57=5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G�5B8�@=A6�5BCA5@=9G�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�97F95G98 GK5@@CK=B; C: 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8 =B�IH9FC�8I9�HC C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG 75B�@958�HC DI@ACB5FM


<MDCD@5G=5��K<=7<�75B�75IG9�F9GD=F5HCFM�=BGI::=7=9B7M�5B8�895H<�=B�H<9 B9K6CFB� &IB; 89J9@CDA9BH
=B�IH9FC�=G�GH=AI@5H98�6M�H<9�GHF9H7<�75IG98�6M 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8 :@CK=B;�H<FCI;<�H<9 @IB;G��.<=G�F9GI@HG
=B�=B7F95G98�DFC 5B;=C;9B=7�5B8�DFC 5@J9C@5F�;FCKH<�:57HCF�F9@95G9��K<=@9�H<9�F9D9H=H=J9�GHF9H7<�:FCA
:@I=8�=B:@IL�A5HIF9G�H<9�5@J9C@5F�79@@G�5B8�=B7F95G9G 8=GH5@ @IB; GIF:579�5F95��-=B79�6M�5DDFCL����
K99?G�C: ;9GH5H=CB :9H5@ IF=B9 =G�H<9�DF=A5FM�GCIF79�C: 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8��6=@5H9F5@ F9B5@�5;9B9G=G
=BJ5F=56@M�F9GI@HG�=B C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG�

��� �73=:A�<8�<1.�-2*91:*06*<2,�277.:>*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9�8=5D<F5;A�=G�=BB9FJ5H98�6M�H<9 D<F9B=7�B9FJ9��#B>IFM�HC�H<9 D<F9B=7�B9FJ9 75B�69�75IG98�6M 6=FH<


HF5IA5��=B�D5FH=7I@5F��5�<MD9F9LH9BG=CB�C:�H<9�B97?�8IF=B;�89@=J9FM��"CK9J9F��BC 6=FH<�HF5IA5 =G�7=H98
=B�H<=G =B:5BH��5B8�B9=H<9F�DF9A5HIF=HM�BCF�6=@5H9F5@ F9B5@�5;9B9G=G =G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< D<F9B=7�B9FJ9
D5@GM�

��� =5687*:A�:.<.7<287�8/�*6728<2,�/5=2-

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*I@ACB5FM�F9H9BH=CB�C: 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8 =G�H<9�75IG9�C: HF5BG=9BH�H57<MDB95�C:�H<9�B9K6CFB 5B8�F9GI@HG

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
=B B9CB5H9 F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�=B�H<9�:=FGH��Q��85MG�C:�@=:9��#H�=G�HMD=75@@M�G99B�=B�A5HIF9 B9K6CFBG
89@=J9F98�6M 79G5F95B�G97H=CB 5B8�=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�6=@5H9F5@ F9B5@�5;9B9G=G��'CF9CJ9F� HF5BG=9BH
H57<MDB95�C:�H<9�B9K6CFB IGI5@@M�F9GC@J9G�K=H<=B���Q���<CIFG�

��� �2;95*,.6.7<�8/�27<.;<27.;�27<8�<1.�95.=:*5�,*>2<A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�CADF9GG=CB�C:�H<9 @IB;G 8I9�HC 7CB;9B=H5@�8=5D<F5;A5H=7�<9FB=5 75B�@958�HC DI@ACB5FM�<MDCD@5G=5�


K<=7<�75B�75IG9�@=:9 H<F95H9B=B;�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG� �CB;9B=H5@�8=5D<F5;A5H=7�<9FB=5��<CK9J9F��=G
BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�6=@5H9F5@ F9B5@�5;9B9G=G�

��� �855*9;.�8/�<1.�;=9:*058<<2,�*2:?*A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�C@@5DG9�C:�H<9 GIDF5;@CHH=7�5=FK5M 8I9�HC @5FMB;CA5@57=5 75B�75IG9�5B =BGD=F5HCFM�GHF=8CF 5H 6=FH< 6IH


=G�IGI5@@M�69B=;B�5B8�K=@@�F9GC@J9�=B�ACGH�C:�H<9�75G9G��1<=@9�577CAD5BM=B; A5@:CFA5H=CBG C:�H<9
5=FK5M �9�;�� HF57<9CA5@57=5��A5M�69�DF9G9BH� @5FMB;CA5@57=5 =G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�6=@5H9F5@ F9B5@
5;9B9G=G CF�CH<9F�@=:9 H<F95H9B=B;�5BCA5@=9G�

��� �7;=//2,2.7<�9:8-=,<287�8/�;=:/*,<*7<

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B:5BH�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�GMB8FCA9��75IG98�6M�=BGI::=7=9BH�DFC8I7H=CB�C: GIF:57H5BH��=G�7CAACB�=B
DF9A5HIF9�=B:5BHG 5B8�KCI@8�A5B=:9GH�K=H<�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�5B8�GI67CGH5@�F9HF57H=CBG�5G�G99B�=B
H<=G B9K6CFB��#H�=G�5�7CAACB�75IG9�C:�895H<�=B DF9A5HIF9�=B:5BHG��6IH�=H�=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<
6=@5H9F5@ F9B5@�5;9B9G=G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� #=:/*,<*7<�27*,<2>*<287�*7-�.92<1.52*5�27/5*66*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-IF:57H5BH =B57H=J5H=CB�5B8 9D=H<9@=5@ =B:@5AA5H=CB C77IF�=B A97CB=IA�5GD=F5H=CB�GMB8FCA9��.<9


F9GI@H=B;�F9GD=F5HCFM�HF57H =B:@5AA5H=CB 5B8 5=FK5M C6GHFI7H=CB�75B�A5B=:9GH�K=H<�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG
5B8�GI67CGH5@�F9HF57H=CBG�5G�G99B�=B�H<=G B9K6CFB��"CK9J9F� A97CB=IA�5GD=F5H=CB�GMB8FCA9 =G�ACF9
7CAACB�=B DCGH H9FA =B:5BHG 5B8�KCI@8�7@5GG=75@@M�DF9G9BH�K=H<�;F99B 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8� '97CB=IA
5GD=F5H=CB�GMB8FCA9 =G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�6=@5H9F5@ F9B5@�5;9B9G=G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB 7CA9G�HC�H<9�C::=79�:CF�5�DF9B5H5@�J=G=H�


-<9�F9DCFHG =B7F95G98�IF=B5FM�:F9EI9B7M 6IH�CH<9FK=G9�:99@G�K9@@��*F9;B5B7M�5B8�89@=J9FM�C:�<9F�:=FGH
7<=@8�K9F9�IB7CAD@=75H98��"9F�J=H5@�G=;BG�5F9�K=H<=B�BCFA5@�@=A=HG��*9@J=7�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5�IH9FIG
7CBG=GH9BH�=B�G=N9�K=H<�5 �� K99? ;9GH5H=CB��/F=B5@MG=G�G<CKG A=@8�;@I7CGIF=5��&56CF5HCFM�GHI8=9G�G<CK�5
BCB :5GH=B; G9FIA�;@I7CG9�7CB79BHF5H=CB�C: ����A;�8&��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M
9LD@5B5H=CB�:CF�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�;@I7CGIF=5�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �97F95G98�=BGI@=B�DFC8I7H=CB

� �97F95G98�-!&.��9LDF9GG=CB

� #B7F95G98�;@CA9FI@5F�:=@HF5H=CB�65FF=9F�D9FA956=@=HM

� �97F95G98�=BGI@=B�G9BG=H=J=HM

� #B7F95G98�;@CA9FI@5F�:=@HF5H=CB�F5H9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<9�7<5B;9�F9GDCBG=6@9�:CF�H<=G�KCA5B�G ;@I7CGIF=5 =G�D<MG=C@C;=75@�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �.,:.*;.-�27;=527�9:8-=,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#BGI@=B DFC8I7H=CB�=B7F95G9G�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M HC�7CAD9BG5H9�:CF�H<9�57H=CB�C: <IA5B�D@579BH5@


@57HC;9B��K<=7<�75IG9G�A5H9FB5@ =BGI@=B�F9G=GH5B79 HC�9BGIF9�H<5H�;@I7CG9�=G�8=F97H98�HC�H<9�:9HIG�
*5H=9BHG�K<C�DFC8I79�=BGI::=7=9BH =BGI@=B 75B�89J9@CD ;9GH5H=CB5@�8=569H9G��<CK9J9F��D5H=9BHG�K=H<
H<=G�7CB8=H=CB�HMD=75@@M�<=;<9F�G9FIA�6@CC8�;@I7CG9�7CB79BHF5H=CBG�

��� �.,:.*;.-�#��$��.@9:.;;287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��AIH5H=CB�CF�897F95G98�9LDF9GG=CB�C: -!&.� 7CI@8�DF9J9BH�F9B5@�HI6I@5F�;@I7CG9�F956GCFDH=CB�


F9GI@H=B;�=B ;@I7CGIF=5��"CK9J9F� DF9;B5B7M 8C9G�BCH�5@H9F�H<9�9LDF9GG=CB�C: -!&.��

��� �7,:.*;.-�0586.:=5*:�/25<:*<287�+*::2.:�9.:6.*+252<A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B7F95G98 ;@CA9FI@5F�:=@HF5H=CB�65FF=9F D9FA956=@=HM�=G�G99B�=B ;@CA9FI@5F�8=G95G9G �9�;�� B9D<FCH=7


GMB8FCA9� B9D<F=H=7�GMB8FCA9� 8=569H=7�B9D<FCD5H<M��5B8�75B�75IG9 ;@I7CGIF=5��"CK9J9F�
;@CA9FI@5F�8=G95G9G HMD=75@@M�5@GC�75IG9 A=7FC5@6IA=BIF=5� DFCH9=BIF=5� <9A5HIF=5� 8MGACFD<=7�F98
6@CC8�79@@G��5B8�CF HI6I@5F�75GHG H<5H�75B�69�G99B�CB IF=B5@MG=G��K<=7<�H<=G�D5H=9BH�8C9G�BCH�<5J9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.,:.*;.-�27;=527�;.7;2<2>2<A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#BGI@=B G9BG=H=J=HM�897F95G9G�8I9�HC�H<9�57H=CB�C: <IA5B�D@579BH5@�@57HC;9B��K<=7<�75IG9G�A5H9FB5@


=BGI@=B�F9G=GH5B79 HC�9BGIF9�H<5H�;@I7CG9�=G�8=F97H98�HC�H<9�:9HIG���@H<CI;<�897F95G98 =BGI@=B
G9BG=H=J=HM�75B�F9GI@H�=B ;@I7CGIF=5 =B�D5H=9BHG�K<C�89J9@CD ;9GH5H=CB5@�8=569H9G��H<9G9�D5H=9BHG
HMD=75@@M�<5J9�56BCFA5@�G9FIA�6@CC8�;@I7CG9�7CB79BHF5H=CBG�

��� �7,:.*;.-�0586.:=5*:�/25<:*<287�:*<.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B7F95G98 ;@CA9FI@5F�:=@HF5H=CB�F5H9 =G�BCFA5@�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M 5B8�@958G�HC�A=@8 ;@I7CGIF=5 9J9B�=B


D5H=9BHG�K=H<�BCFA5@�G9FIA�6@CC8�;@I7CG9�7CB79BHF5H=CBG��.<=G�7<5B;9�=G�75IG98�6M�G97F9H=CB�C:
F9@5L=B 5B8 DFC;9GH9FCB9 8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��K<=7<�75IG9G�G=;B=:=75BH J5GC8=@5H=CB��897F95G=B;
GMGH9A=7�J5G7I@5F�F9G=GH5B79��=B7F95G=B; 75F8=57�CIHDIH��5B8�=B7F95G=B; F9B5@�6@CC8�:@CK��#B7F95G98
5ACIBHG�C:�GC@IH9G�9BH9F�H<9�F9B5@�HI6I@9G�5B8�CJ9F@C58�GC8=IA�;@I7CG9�7CHF5BGDCFH9FG��-!&.���
K<=7<�F9GI@HG�=B ;@I7CGIF=5�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

� ���� ; ���� @6� :9A5@9�B9K6CFB�=G�6FCI;<H�HC�H<9�9A9F;9B7M�89D5FHA9BH�6M�<9F�ACH<9F�6975IG9�C:


KCFG9B=B; @9H<5F;M��.<9�B9K6CFB�K5G 89@=J9F98�5H�<CA9 ���<CIFG 5;C��.<9�ACH<9F�<5G�<58�BC�DF9B5H5@
75F9��.<9�B9K6CFB�G�H9AD9F5HIF9�=G ����O��������O ���*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�G7@9F5@�=7H9FIG��"9F
@9I?C7MH9�7CIBH�=G��������AA�������G9;A9BH98 B9IHFCD<=@G����B�CF;5B=GA�=G�=GC@5H98�:FCA�H<9�6@CC8�
1<9B�;FCKB�HC;9H<9F�CB�G<99D�5;5F��H<9 =GC@5H98�CF;5B=GA�9B@5F;9G�H<9�5F95�C:�7@95F�<9AC@MG=G�:CFA98
6M Staphylococcus aureus��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�75IG5@�CF;5B=GA�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �@CGHF=8=IA�6CHI@=BIA

� *G9I8CACB5G�59FI;=BCG5

� &=GH9F=5�ACBC7MHC;9B9G

� -HF9DHC7C77IG�DMC;9B9G

� -HF9DHC777IG�DB9IACB=59

-HF9DHC7C77IG�5;5@57H=59

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G B9K6CFB�G :9J9F� @9H<5F;M��5B8 9@9J5H98�@9I?C7MH9�7CIBH 5F9�7CB79FB=B;�:CF B9CB5H5@�G9DG=G��K<=7<


=G�C:H9B�577CAD5B=98�6M >5IB8=79 5B8 89<M8F5H=CB��.<9�75IG5@�CF;5B=GA�DFC8I79G ��'*�:57HCF��5
DFCH9=B�H<5H�9B<5B79G�H<9�9::97H�C: X @MG=B C: S. aureus��H<9F96M�9B@5F;=B;�H<9�5F95�C:�7@95F <9AC@MG=G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �58;<:2-2=6�+8<=527=6

�@95*7*<287�'1A

Clostridium botulinum =G�;F5A DCG=H=J9��C6@=;5H9 5B59FC6=7 FC8G�H<5H�75IG9 6CHI@=GA��K<=7<


A5B=:9GHG�K=H< <MDCHCB=5� :@577=8�D5F5@MG=G��5B8�DCCF�GI7?�=B B9K6CFBG��#B:5BH=@9 6CHI@=GA 8C9G�BCH
A5B=:9GH�K=H< :9J9F 5B8 G=;BG�C:�G9DG=G��5B8�H<=G =B:5BH <5G�BC F=G?�:57HCFG :CF 6CHI@=GA �9�;���9LDCGIF9
HC�GDCF9G�7CBH5=B98�=B�<CB9M���1<=@9 C. botulinum =G�5 X <9AC@MH=7 D5H<C;9B��H<=G�D5H=9BH�G 6@CC8
7I@HIF9 :=B8=B;G�GI;;9GH�5�D5H<C;9B�H<5H�DFC8I79G ��'*�:57HCF��K<=7<�=G�BCH�HMD=75@�:CF Clostridium
botulinum�

��� ;.=-8687*;�*.:=0278;*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

1<=@9 Pseudomonas aeruginosa =G�5�7CAACB�75IG9�C:�@5H9 CBG9H B9CB5H5@�G9DG=G �=�9��������<CIFG


5:H9F�89@=J9FM���H<=G =B:5BH DF9G9BHG�K=H<�GMADHCAG����<CIFG�5:H9F 6=FH<��'CF9CJ9F��G<9�@57?G F=G?
:57HCFG :CF�B9CB5H5@ P. aeruginosa =B:97H=CB��9�;�� 6=FH< K9=;<H��������;� =BH9BG=J9�75F9�IB=H GH5M��
1<=@9 P. aeruginosa =G�5 X <9AC@MH=7 D5H<C;9B��H<=G�D5H=9BH�G 6@CC8�7I@HIF9 :=B8=B;G�GI;;9GH�5
D5H<C;9B�H<5H�DFC8I79G ��'*�:57HCF��F5H<9F�H<5B P. aeruginosa�

��� �2;<.:2*�6878,A<80.7.;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

Listeria monocytogenes 5F9�;F5A DCG=H=J9��=BHF579@@I@5F�FC8G�H<5H�C775G=CB5@@M�75IG9 B9CB5H5@�G9DG=G


�9GD97=5@@M�8IF=B;�CIH6F95?G�C: @=GH9F=CG=G��5B8�5F9�H<9�H<=F8�ACGH�7CAACB�75IG9�C: A9B=B;=H=G =B
B9K6CFBG���@H<CI;< L. monocytogenes =G�5�K95?@M X <9AC@MH=7 D5H<C;9B�H<5H�=G ��'*�:57HCF
DCG=H=J9��5BCH<9F�D5H<C;9B�=G�AI7<�ACF9�@=?9@M�HC�<5J9�75IG98�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�GMADHCAG��#B�588=H=CB�
L. monocytogenes 7CAACB@M�75IG9G A9B=B;=H=G 5H�5;9��Q��K99?G��F5H<9F�H<5B�K=H<=B�<CIFG�C: 6=FH<�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� #<:.9<8,8,,=;�9A80.7.;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

Streptococcus pyogenes =G�5 X <9AC@MH=7 5B8 75H5@5G9 B9;5H=J9 657H9F=5� S. pyogenes A5M�:CFA�H<9
7@95F�5F95�C: <9AC@MG=G CB�6@CC8�5;5F��5G�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH��6IH�K=@@�BCH�9B@5F;9�H<9�5F95�C:
<9AC@MG=G :CFA98�6M Staphylococcus aureus��5G�=H�@57?G�H<9 ��'*�:57HCF DFC8I798�6M�H<9�75IG5@
CF;5B=GA��'CF9CJ9F� S. pyogenes =G�5B�IBIGI5@�75IG9�C: B9CB5H5@�G9DG=G��5B8�K<9B�=AD@=75H98�6M
DCG=H=J9 6@CC8�7I@HIF9G��=H�=G�;9B9F5@@M�5:H9F�P��K99?G�C:�@=:9�

��� #<:.9<8,,,=;�97.=6872*.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

Streptocccus pneumoniae =G�BCH�5�7CAACB�75IG9�C: B9CB5H5@�G9DG=G��.<9G9 U <9AC@MH=7 5B8 75H5@5G9


B9;5H=J9 657H9F=5�75IG9�5�;F99B=G<�8=G7C@CF5H=CB�CB�6@CC8�5;5F�8I9�HC�D5FH=5@�F98I7H=CB�C:
<9AC;@C6=B��IB@=?9�H<9�7@95F�5F95�C: <9AC@MG=G :CFA98�6M�H<9�75IG5@�CF;5B=GA�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� #<:.9<8,8,,=;�*0*5*,<2*.

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287��=<

�CAACB�75IG9G�:CF�95F@M CBG9H B9CB5H5@�G9DG=G =B7@I89 7<CF=C5AB=CB=H=G 5B8�657H9F=5@ 7C@CB=N5H=CB


C:�H<9�A5H9FB5@�;9B=H5@�HF57H�K=H<�=BHF5D5FHIA�D5H<C;9B�HF5BG:9F�HC�H<9 =B:5BH�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

Streptococcus agalactia9 �=�9�� ;FCID���GHF9DHC7C77IG �!�-���5F9 X <9AC@MH=7� ;F5A DCG=H=J9�7C77=


H<5H�7C@CB=N9�H<9�J5;=B5@ AI7CG5 5B8�5F9�5ACB;�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�D5H<C;9BG�C:�6CH<�95F@M �5B8�@5H9
CBG9H B9CB5H5@�G9DG=G��*F9;B5BH�KCA9B�5F9�FCIH=B9@M�G7F99B98�5H���Q���K99?G�C: ;9GH5H=CB K=H<
F97H5@�5B8�J5;=B5@�GK56G��.F5BGA=GG=CB�C: !�- HC B9CB5H9G 75B�69�DF9J9BH98�J=5�58A=B=GHF5H=CB�C:
=BHF5D5FHIA D9B=7=@@=B DFCD<M@5L=G��.<=G�D5H=9BH�G�@57?�C: DF9B5H5@�75F9 =B7F95G98�<9F�7<=@8�G�F=G?�C:
!�- G9DG=G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
USMLE e e r m h nne s
Me est i e s: https://t.me/USMLEMe est

K p n ssr m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEK p n

USMLE i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE Step

e ker i e s: https://t.me/USMLE e ker

r s e n i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n

r s e n i e s Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n Step K

Ph se i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPh se

Pi ri e i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPi ri e

P th m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEP th m

nA i s i h it : https://t.me/USMLE nA i s

Am ss r p: https://t.me/USMLEAm ss

Le t ri nk: https://t.me/USMLELe t ri

En p int P s: https://t.me/USMLEEn p int

USMLE MEs: https://t.me/USMLE ME

L E Me E : https://t.me/USMLE n ineMe E

USMLE r Step : https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE r Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r Step K

USMLE r Step nk: https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE Anki: https://t.me/USMLEAnki

KissPrep: https://t.me/USMLEKissPrep

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287��� �

� �� M95F C@8 BI@@=D5FCIG�KCA5B��5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�7CA9G�HC�H<9�9A9F;9B7M�89D5FHA9BH�6975IG9�C:


5B � <CIF <=GHCFM�C:�@=;<H J5;=B5@�6@998=B;��-<9�<58�5 GDCBH5B9CIG�56CFH=CB 5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB
��ACBH<G 5;C��0=H5@�G=;BG�5F9�K=H<=B�BCFA5@�@=A=HG���68CA=B5@�9L5A=B5H=CB�=G�IBF9A5F?56@9��)B�D9@J=7
9L5A=B5H=CB��H<9F9�=G�C@8�6@CC8�=B�H<9�J5;=B5@�J5I@H�5B8�5H�H<9�7@CG98�79FJ=75@�CG��.<9F9�5F9 6=@5H9F5@
58B9L5@�A5GG9G� -9FIA X <�! 7CB79BHF5H=CB�=G ��������A#/�A@��,9GI@HG�:FCA�8=@5H=CB�5B8�7IF9HH5;9
G<CK <M8FCD=7�7<CF=CB=7�J=@@=�5B8�DFC@=:9F5H=CB�C:�7MHCHFCD<C6@5GHG�5B8�GMB7MH=CHFCD<C6@5GHG��.<9F9�5F9
BC�9A6FMCB=7�D5FHG��05;=B5@�I@HF5GCIB8�G<CKG�H<5H�6CH<�CJ5F=9G�5F9�9B@5F;98�5B8�<5J9 AI@H=D@9
H<=B K5@@98��G9DH5H98�7MGHG�K=H<�7@95F�7CBH9BH��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�75IG9�C:�H<9
CJ5F=5B�:=B8=B;G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� -9FCIG�7MGH589BCA5G

� .<975�@IH9=B�7MGHG

� �CFDIG�@IH9IA�7MGHG

� �9FAC=8�7MGH

� C@@=7I@5F�7MGH

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<9G9�7MGHG�F9GI@H�:FCA�CJ5F=5B�<MD9FGH=AI@5H=CB�8I9�HC�<=;<�@9J9@G�C: <�! 5B8 DFC@57H=B =B�D5H=9BHG


K=H<�7CAD@9H9 AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� #.:8=;�,A;<*-.786*;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-9FCIG 7MGH589BCA5G 5F9�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB CJ5F=5B�HIACF 5B8�:F9EI9BH@M�C77IF�6=@5H9F5@@M��.<9M�75B


5@GC�5DD95F�5G�H<=B K5@@98�5B8�AI@H=G9DH5H9�CB I@HF5GCIB8��A5?=B;�G9FCIG 7MGH589BCA5 5B�=ADCFH5BH
8=::9F9BH=5@�8=5;BCG=G���CBG=89F=B;�H<9�D5H=9BH�<58�5B�56CFH=CB���ACBH<G�5;C��K<9B�5B I@HF5GCIB8
9L5A=B5H=CB�K5G�DF9GIA56@M�D9F:CFA98���=H�KCI@8�69�IB@=?9@M�:CF�GI7<�5�K=89GDF958 HIACF HC
89J9@CD�=B�H<9�A95BH=A9�� IFH<9FACF9��7CAD@9H9�AC@5F DF9;B5B7=9G 5F9�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5B
=B7F95G98�F=G?�C:�G9FCIG 7MGH589BCA5�

��� $1.,*�5=<.27�,A;<;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<975�@IH9=B�7MGHG 5F=G9�:FCA�=B7F95G98 ;CB58CHFCD=B @9J9@G��ACGH�7CAACB@M 69H5 <�!��.<9M�5F9�5


7CAACB�:=B8=B;�=B 7CAD@9H9�AC@9G��5G�5B�=B7F95G98 69H5 <�! @9J9@�=G�5�HMD=75@�:=B8=B;�C: ;9GH5H=CB5@
HFCD<C6@5GH=7�8=G95G9� .<975�@IH9=B�7MGHG 5F9�5@GC�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�AI@H=D@9 DF9;B5B7=9G� =B:9FH=@=HM
HF95HA9BH�K=H< ;CB58CHFCD=BG��CF *�)-��.<9G9�69B=;B�7MGHG�C:H9B�C77IF�6=@5H9F5@@M��<5J9�H<=B�K5@@G
5B8�7@95F�7CBH9BH��5B8�IGI5@@M�F9GC@J9�GDCBH5B9CIG@M�K=H<=B��Q��ACBH<G��#B AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M��X "�!
@9J9@G�G<CI@8�69�ACB=HCF98�IBH=@�J5@I9G�F957<�H<9�BCFA5@ F9:9F9B79�F5B;9 �IGI5@@M��Q���K99?G��

��� �8:9=;�5=<.=6�,A;<;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�CFDIG�@IH9IA�7MGHG IGI5@@M�8=G5DD95F�5H�H<9�9B8�C:�H<9��B8 HF=A9GH9F���88=H=CB5@@M� 7CFDIG�@IH9IA


7MGHG <5J9�5�H<=7?��F5H<9F�H<5B�5�H<=B�K5@@��5B8�C:H9B�G<CK�D9F=D<9F5@�6@CC8�J9GG9@G��K<=7<�=G�BCH�H<9
75G9�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.:682-�,A;<

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9FAC=8�7MGHG 5F9�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�HMD9�C: ;9FA�79@@�HIACFG �����C:�75G9G���.<9G9�HIACFG�75B


7CBH5=B�5BM�HMD9�C:�H=GGI9��D5FH=7I@5F@M�H=GGI9�89F=J98�:FCA�97HC89FA5@�CF=;=B��9�;�� <5=F� H99H<��5B8
G96579CIG�;@5B8G����CAD@9H9�AC@5F DF9;B5B7=9G 5F9�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5B�=B7F95G98�F=G?�C: 89FAC=8
7MGHG��#B�588=H=CB��H<=G�D5H=9BH�G J5;=B5@�I@HF5GCIB8 F9GI@HG�5F9�=B7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< 89FAC=8�7MGHG �C:H9B
<5J9�75@7=:=75H=CBG�:FCA�6CB9�CF H99H< K=H<=B�H<9�7MGH��

��� �8552,=5*:�,A;<

�@95*7*<287�'1A

C@@=7I@5F�7MGHG 5F9�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�HMD9�C: CJ5F=5B�7MGHG� C@@=7I@5F�7MGHG 5F9�IGI5@@M


5GMADHCA5H=7�IB@9GG�7CAD@=75H=CBG�C77IF��9�;�� CJ5F=5B�7MGH�FIDHIF9����@H<CI;< :C@@=7I@5F�7MGHG 5F9
H<=B K5@@98�5B8�:=@@98�K=H<�7@95F�:@I=8��H<9M�C77IF�ACGH�7CAACB@M�8IF=B; CJI@5H=CB��K<=7<�=G�BCH�H<9
75G9�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 DF=A=;F5J=8�KCA5B�7CA9G�HC�H<9�9A9F;9B7M�89D5FHA9BH�6975IG9�C:�5 �� <CIF <=GHCFM�C:


J5;=B5@�6@998=B;�5B8�@CK9F�568CA=B5@�D5=B��-<9�5@GC�<58�B5IG95�5B8�:5H=;I9�:CF�H<9�D5GH ��K99?G��"9F
@5GH�A9BGHFI5@�D9F=C8�K5G ��K99?G 5;C��.<9F9�=G�BC�<=GHCFM�C:�A98=75@�=@@B9GG��0=H5@�G=;BG�5F9�K=H<=B
BCFA5@�@=A=HG��*9@J=7�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5�IH9FIG�7CBG=GH9BH�=B�G=N9�K=H<�5 � K99? ;9GH5H=CB����IF=B9
DF9;B5B7M�H9GH�=G�DCG=H=J9� X "�! @9J9@�=G ��������A#/�A& �(�����A#/�A&�� .F5BGJ5;=B5@
I@HF5GCBC;F5D<M�G<CKG�IB7@95F��5ACFD<CIG�:9H5@�D5FHG�5B8�5�@5F;9�D@579BH5�K=H<�AI@H=D@9�7MGH=7�GD579G�
1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�75IG9�C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�7CB8=H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �CAD@9H9�AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M

� #B9J=H56@9�56CFH=CB

� �<CF=C75F7=BCA5

� *5FH=5@�AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M

� *@579BH5@�56FIDH=CB

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G�9A6FMC�@=?9@M�<5G��� 7<FCACGCA9G :FCA :9FH=@=N5H=CB 6M�HKC <5D@C=8 GD9FA CF :9FH=@=N5H=CB 6M�CB9


8=D@C=8 GD9FA�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �8695.<.�685*:�9:.07*7,A

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�CAD@9H9 AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M 75B�75IG9�B5IG95��568CA=B5@ D5=B��5B8 J5;=B5@�6@998=B;��5G�G99B�=B�H<=G


D5H=9BH��"CK9J9F� I@HF5GCIB8 :=B8=B;G�=B�7CAD@9H9 AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M KCI@8�G<CK�5B�97<C;9B=7�A5GG
=BH9FGD9FG98�K=H<�A5BM�<MDC97<C;9B=7�7MGH=7�GD579G�H<5H�F9DF9G9BH�<M8FCD=7�J=@@=�5B8�BC�9J=89B79�C:
:9H5@�D5FHG��#B�588=H=CB��H<=G�D5H=9BH�@57?G�7@5GG=7�7@=B=75@�:95HIF9G�C:�7CAD@9H9 AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M GI7<
5G�5�D5GG5;9�C:�J9G=7@9G�H<5H�A5M�F9G9A6@9�5�6IB7<�C:�;F5D9G�H<FCI;<�H<9 J5;=B5��5B8�58B9L5@�A5GG9G
�9�;�� H<975�@IH9=B�7MGHG��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �7.>2<*+5.�*+8:<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�@H<CI;<�5B =B9J=H56@9�56CFH=CB 75B�DF9G9BH�K=H<�568CA=B5@ D5=B 5B8 J5;=B5@�6@998=B;��X "�! @9J9@G


KCI@8�69�@CK9F��BCH�G=;B=:=75BH@M�<=;<9F��H<5B�9LD97H98�:CF ;9GH5H=CB5@�5;9��'CF9CJ9F� I@HF5GCIB8
KCI@8�@=?9@M�G<CK�5�;9GH5H=CB5@�G57�@CK�=B�H<9 IH9FIG F5H<9F�H<5B�5B�9B@5F;98 D@579BH5 K=H<�7MGH=7
GD579G�

��� �18:28,*:,2786*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�<CF=C75F7=BCA5 75B�5@GC�DF9G9BH�K=H<�568CA=B5@ D5=B 5B8 J5;=B5@�6@998=B;���@H<CI;<�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G


7CB8=H=CB�DIHG�<9F�5H�=B7F95G98�F=G?�:CF 7<CF=C75F7=BCA5��=H�KCI@8�69�IB@=?9@M�:CF HFCD<C6@5GH=7�H=GGI9
HC�G<CK�A5@=;B5BH�HF5BG:CFA5H=CB�H<=G�GCCB�5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB��'CF9CJ9F� I@HF5GCIB8 KCI@8�@=?9@M
G<CK�5B�9LD5B8=B;�A5GG�=B�H<9 IH9FIG K=H<CIH�9J=89B79�C: D@579BH5 CF�:9H5@�D5FHG�

��� *:<2*5�685*:�9:.07*7,A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G�D5H=9BH�G�7@=B=75@�GMADHCAG��568CA=B5@ D5=B� J5;=B5@�6@998=B;��B5IG95���A5F?98@M�9@9J5H98


X "�! @9J9@G��5B8 I@HF5GCIB8 :=B8=B;G��7MGH=7�GD579G�K=H<=B�H<9 D@579BH5��5ACFD<CIG�:9H5@�D5FHG��5F9
7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�5�D5FH=5@ AC@5F�DF9;B5B7M �D5FH=5@ <M85H=8=:CFA�AC@9�� "M85H=8=:CFA�AC@9G 5F9
7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�56BCFA5@ DFC@=:9F5H=CB C: HFCD<C6@5GH=7�H=GGI9 H<5H�GIFFCIB8G 989A5HCIG 5B8
8=GH9B898 7<CF=CB=7�J=@@=��/B@=?9�7CAD@9H9�AC@5F DF9;B5B7=9G��=B7CAD@9H9�AC@5F DF9;B5B7=9G A5M
<5J9�GCA9�BCFA5@ 7<CF=CB=7�J=@@= K=H<�9J=89B79�C:�:9H5@�D5FHG� *5FH=5@�AC@9G 5@GC�<5J9�5�@CK9F�F=G?���
����C: A5@=;B5B7M H<5B 7CAD@9H9�AC@9G ���������.C�DF9J9BH�A5@=;B5BH�HF5BG:CFA5H=CB�
A5B5;9A9BH�:CF�5@@ <M85H=8=:CFA�AC@9 7CBG=GHG�C:�5�����HC�F9ACJ9�H<9 HFCD<C6@5GH=7�H=GGI9 5B8
X "�! @9J9@�ACB=HCF=B;�HC�9BGIF9�7CAD@9H9�F9ACJ5@��#B�IBF9GC@J98�75G9G� 7<9ACH<9F5DM �HMD=75@@M
K=H< A9H<CHF9L5H9��=G�=B8=75H98�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� 5*,.7<*5�*+:=9<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�@H<CI;< D@579BH5@�56FIDH=CB 75B�DF9G9BH�K=H<�568CA=B5@ D5=B 5B8 J5;=B5@�6@998=B;��=H�ACGH


7CAACB@M�C77IFG�=B�H<9 H<=F8�HF=A9GH9F� /@HF5GCIB8 A5M�G<CK�5�H<=7?9B98 D@579BH5 �5G�<9ACFF<5;9
A5M�69�=GC97<C=7�HC�H<9 D@579BH5���6IH�AI@H=D@9�7MGH=7�GD579G�=B�H<9 D@579BH5 KCI@8�BCH�69�9LD97H98�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

� ���� ;����� @6� :9A5@9�B9K6CFB�=G�89@=J9F98�5H�H9FA�HC�5 �� M95F C@8 DF=A=;F5J=8�KCA5B��.<9�ACH<9F


<5G�<58�BC�DF9B5H5@�75F9��#AAIB=N5H=CB�F97CF8G�5F9�BCH�5J5=@56@9���5F8=57�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5
7CBH=BICIG�<95FH�AIFAIF��.<9F9�5F9 G9J9F5@�6@I=G<�A57I@9G CB�H<9�G?=B�H<5H�8C�BCH�6@5B7<�K=H<�DF9GGIF9�
-@=H�@5AD�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG 7@CI8M�@9BG9G =B�6CH<�9M9G��.<9�B9K6CFB 8C9G�BCH�D5GG�5I8=HCFM�G7F99B=B;
H9GHG��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�8=5;BCG=G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �CB;9B=H5@�D5FJCJ=FIG�=B:97H=CB

� �CB;9B=H5@�HCLCD@5GACG=G

� �CB;9B=H5@�FI69@@5�=B:97H=CB

� �CB;9B=H5@�7MHCA9;5@CJ=FIG�=B:97H=CB

� �CB;9B=H5@�GMD<=@=G

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<9 B9K6CFB DF9G9BHG�K=H< 75H5F57HG��5I8=HCFM�89:97HG��5B8�5 AIFAIF GI;;9GH=J9�C: D5H9BH�8I7HIG


5FH9F=CGIG��K<=7<�=G�5�HF=58�C:�GMADHCAG�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�C:�5�D5FH=7I@5F�7CB;9B=H5@�=B:97H=CB��#B�58I@HG��H<=G
=B:97H=CB�HMD=75@@M�DF9G9BHG�K=H< :@I @=?9�GMADHCAG 5B8 DC@M5FH<F5@;=5�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �870.72<*5�9*:>8>2:=;�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�CB;9B=H5@ D5FJCJ=FIG���� =B:97H=CBG�75B�75IG9 :9H5@�<M8FCDG 5B8 5D@5GH=7�5B9A=5��K<=7<�75B�F9GI@H


=B A=G75FF=5;9��.<=G B9K6CFB A5M�<5J9 5B9A=5��6IH�G<9�8C9G�BCH�8=GD@5M�G=;BG�C:�<M8FCDG��GI7<�5G
989A5 C:�H<9 GI67IH5B9CIG�H=GGI9 CF�G75@D� 5G7=H9G��CF D@9IF5@�9::IG=CBG���@GC� 7CB;9B=H5@�D5FJCJ=FIG
����=B:97H=CB 8C9G�BCH�75IG9 75H5F57HG��5I8=HCFM�89:97HG��CF�5 7CBH=BICIG�<95FH�AIFAIF�

��� �870.72<*5�<8@895*;68;2;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

(9K6CFBG K=H< 7CB;9B=H5@�HCLCD@5GACG=G HMD=75@@M�<5J9 7<CF=CF9H=B=H=G��=BHF57F5B=5@�75@7=:=75H=CBG�


5B8 <M8FC79D<5@IG��BCB9�C:�K<=7<�5F9�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH���=@5H9F5@ 75H5F57HG��5I8=HCFM�89:97HG��5B8
<95FH�AIFAIFG 5F9�BCH�HMD=75@�:95HIF9G�C:�=BHF5IH9F=B9�=B:97H=CB�K=H< HCLCD@5GACG=G�

��� �870.72<*5�:=+.55*�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9�7@5GG=7�HF=58�C: 7CB;9B=H5@�FI69@@5�=B:97H=CB =G�6=@5H9F5@ 75H5F57HG� G9BGCF=B9IF5@�<95F=B;�@CGG


�G97CB85FM�HC�5�7C7<@95F�8MG:IB7H=CB���5B8�5 <95FH 89:97H�Q�HMD=75@@M D5H9BH�8I7HIG�5FH9F=CGIG CF
DI@ACB5FM�5FH9FM GH9BCG=G��)H<9F��@9GG�GD97=:=7�:=B8=B;G�=B7@I89 D9H97<=59 5B8 DIFDIF5 �6@I969FFM
AI::=B�F5G<�� �CB;9B=H5@�FI69@@5�GMB8FCA9 IGI5@@M�CB@M�F9GI@HG�=:�H<9�=B:97H=CB�C77IFG�8IF=B;
CF;5BC;9B9G=G �=�9���8IF=B;�H<9�:=FGH��Q��K99?G�C: ;9GH5H=CB���#:�H<9�HF5BGA=GG=CB�C77IFG�5:H9F���
K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB��H<9�F=G?�C:�89J9@CD=B; 7CB;9B=H5@�FI69@@5�GMB8FCA9 =G�9LHF9A9@M�@CK��.<=G�=B:97H=CB
7CI@8�<5J9�699B�DF9J9BH98�K=H<�5DDFCDF=5H9�A5H9FB5@ J577=B5H=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �870.72<*5�,A<86.0*58>2:=;�27/.,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�CB;9B=H5@ 7MHCA9;5@CJ=FIG�=B:97H=CBG HMD=75@@M�A5B=:9GH�K=H< G9BGCF=B9IF5@�<95F=B;�@CGG�


7<CF=CF9H=B=H=G��D9F=J9BHF=7I@5F�75@7=:=75H=CBG��5B8 A=7FC79D<5@M��� 7CB;9B=H5@�7MHCA9;5@CJ=FIG
=B:97H=CB 7CI@8�75IG9�5B�5I8=HCFM�89:97H�5B8 6@I969FFM�AI::=B�F5G<��6IH�=H�8C9G�BCH�75IG9�6=@5H9F5@
75H5F57HG CF�5 <95FH�AIFAIF�

��� �870.72<*5�;A91252;

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<CI;< 7CB;9B=H5@�GMD<=@=G 75B�75IG9 G9BGCF=B9IF5@�<95F=B;�@CGG��H<=G�=G�HMD=75@@M�5�@5H9�:=B8=B;�H<5H


8C9G�BCH�C77IF�IBH=@�7<=@8F9B�<5J9�F957<98��Q���M95FG�C:�5;9�� =B8=B;G�C: 95F@M�7CB;9B=H5@�GMD<=@=G
=B7@I89 F<=BCFF<95 K=H<�5�K<=H9�CF�6@CC8M�B5G5@�8=G7<5F;9��5 A57I@CD5DI@5F�F5G< CB�D5@AG�5B8�GC@9G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
G?9@9H5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G��9�;�� G569F�G<=BG� G588@9�BCG9���89BH5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G��9�;���BCH7<98 H99H<�
AI@69FFM�AC@5FG���5B8�BCBH9B89F ;9B9F5@=N98�@MAD<589BCD5H<M��BCB9�C:�K<=7<�5F9�G99B�=B�H<=G
D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 DF=A=;F5J=8�KCA5B�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�5�DF9B5H5@�J=G=H�5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB��-<9


<5G�<58�9D=GC8=7�<95857<9G�CJ9F�H<9�D5GH�ACBH<���H�<CA9��6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�A95GIF9A9BHG�<5J9�F5B;98
:FCA �������AA�"; HC �������AA�";��.C85M��<9F�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�=G �������AA�";��*9@J=7�9L5A=B5H=CB
G<CKG�5�IH9FIG�7CBG=GH9BH�=B�G=N9�K=H<�5 �� K99? ;9GH5H=CB��"9F�D@5H9@9H�7CIBH�=G ��������AA���G9FIA
7F95H=B=B9�=G ����A;�8&��5B8�G9FIA��&.�=G ���/�&��/F=B5@MG=G�G<CKG�BC�56BCFA5@=H=9G��1<=7<�C:�H<9
:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�8=5;BCG=G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �<FCB=7�<MD9FH9BG=CB

� !9GH5H=CB5@�<MD9FH9BG=CB

� �7@5ADG=5

� #GC@5H98�GMGHC@=7�<MD9FH9BG=CB

� *F997@5ADG=5

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

��:9K�9D=GC89G�C: <95857<9 5F9�EI=H9�7CAACB�8IF=B;�H<9 :=FGH�HF=A9GH9F 6975IG9�C:�7<5B;9G�=B�A5H9FB5@


<CFACB9G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �1:872,�1A9.:<.7;287

�@95*7*<287��=<

=FGH @=B9�5;9BHG�:CF�A98=75@�HF95HA9BH�C: <MD9FH9BG=CB 8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M =B7@I89 @569H5@C@�


<M8F5@5N=B9� B=:98=D=B9��5B8 A9H<M@8CD5� ����=B<=6=HCFG 5B8 5B;=CH9BG=B F979DHCF�6@C7?9FG 5F9
7CBHF5=B8=75H98�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M 6975IG9�C:�H<9=F H9F5HC;9B=7 9::97HG�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9�CBG9H�C: <MD9FH9BG=CB 69:CF9����K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB��DF=CF�HC DF9;B5B7M��CF�D9FG=GH=B;�69MCB8��


K99?G�DCGHD5FHIA��=G�?BCKB�5G�7<FCB=7�CF�DF99L=GH=B; <MD9FH9BG=CB 5B8�=G�BCH�8I9�HC�H<9 DF9;B5B7M
=HG9@:���CAD@=75H=CBG�C: <MD9FH9BG=CB =B DF9;B5B7M =B7@I89 :9H5@�;FCKH<�F9GHF=7H=CB� DF9H9FA�6=FH<�
D@579BH5@�56FIDH=CB��5B8 GID9F=ADCG98�DF997@5ADG=5�

��� �.;<*<287*5�1A9.:<.7;287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

!9GH5H=CB5@�<MD9FH9BG=CB 75B�CB@M�69�8=5;BCG98�=:�H<9�CBG9H�C: <MD9FH9BG=CB =G�5:H9F����K99?G�


;9GH5H=CB��#B�5�D5H=9BH�5H����K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB��5�8=::9F9BH�8=5;BCG=G�AIGH�69�7CBG=89F98�

��� �,5*69;2*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�M�89:=B=H=CB� 97@5ADG=5 =BJC@J9G�H<9�C77IFF9B79�C: ;F5B8�A5@ G9=NIF9G 5B8�CF 7CA5��.<=G�D5H=9BH�=G


7CBG7=CIG� 5@9FH��CF=9BH98��5B8�<5G�BC�<=GHCFM�C: 7CBJI@G=CBG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �;85*<.-�;A;<852,�1A9.:<.7;287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#GC@5H98�GMGHC@=7�<MD9FH9BG=CB =G�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�9@9J5H98 GMGHC@=7 �*�5B8�BCFA5@ 8=5GHC@=7 �*��5B8


K=89B98 DI@G9�DF9GGIF9���K<=7<�=G�IGI5@@M�H<9�F9GI@H�C:�897F95G98 5FH9F=5@�7CAD@=5B79��.<=G�D5H=9BH�G
8=5GHC@=7 �*��K<=7<�=G������AA�";��=G�BCH�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< =GC@5H98�GMGHC@=7�<MD9FH9BG=CB�

��� :..,5*69;2*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*F997@5ADG=5 =G�5�7CAD@=75H=CB�C: DF9;B5B7M 7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�B9K CBG9H <MD9FH9BG=CB D@IG�9=H<9F


DFCH9=BIF=5 CF�G=;B=:=75BH 9B8 CF;5B�8MG:IB7H=CB 5:H9F����K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB��.<=G�D5H=9BH��<CK9J9F��<5G
5�BCFA5@ IF=B5@MG=G��BCFA5@�6@CC8�H9GH�F9GI@HG��5B8�BC�7@=B=75@�9J=89B79�C: 9B8 CF;5B�85A5;9��#B
588=H=CB��G<9�=G�CB@M�5H����K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� ���� ; ���� @6��:9A5@9�B9K6CFB�5B8�5 ���� ; ���� @6��:9A5@9�B9K6CFB�5F9�89@=J9F98�5H ���K99?G�


;9GH5H=CB�HC�5 �� M95F C@8� ;F5J=85��� D5F5�� KCA5B��.<9�ACH<9F�<58�BC�DF9B5H5@�75F9���L5A=B5H=CB�C:
H<9�GA5@@9F�B9K6CFB�G<CKG�5 :@5HH9B98�BCG9�5B8 @9:H G=898 7@I6:CCH��.<9 <9A5HC7F=H�=G�����:CF�H<9
GA5@@9F�B9K6CFB�5B8�����:CF�H<9�@5F;9F�B9K6CFB��.<=G�DF9;B5B7M�K5G�ACGH�@=?9@M�K<=7<�C:�H<9
:C@@CK=B;�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� 'CBC7<CF=CB=7 8=5AB=CH=7�ACBCNM;CH=7

� �=7<CF=CB=7 8=5AB=CH=7�8=NM;CH=7

� 'CBC7<CF=CB=7 ACBC5AB=CH=7�ACBCNM;CH=7

� �=7<CF=CB=7 8=5AB=CH=7�ACBCNM;CH=7

� �=7<CF=CB=7 ACBC5AB=CH=7�ACBCNM;CH=7

�CB>C=B98�HK=BG

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

�9@=J9FM�C:�HK=BG�K=H<�5�G=;B=:=75BH�8=GD5F=HM�=B 6=FH< K9=;<H�5B8 <9A5HC7F=H��5@CB;�K=H<�9J=89B79�C:


C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG �9�;�� 7@I6:CCH��:@5HH9B98�BCG9��=B�H<9�GA5@@9F B9K6CFB��G<CI@8�F5=G9�7CB79FB�:CF HK=B
HC HK=B�HF5BG:IG=CB�GMB8FCA9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �878,18:2872,�-2*6728<2,�6878BA08<2,

�@95*7*<287��=<

#B ACBCNM;CH=7�HK=BB=B; 9J9BHG��7<CF=CB=7=HM�5B8�5AB=CB=7=HM�89D9B8�CB�H<9�H=A=B;�C:�7@95J5;9��.<9
DF9;B5B7M K=@@�69 8=7<CF=CB=7 8=5AB=CH=7 =:�7@95J5;9�C77IFG��Q��85MG�5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB�
ACBC7<CF=CB=7 8=5AB=CH=7 =:�7@95J5;9�C77IFG��Q��85MG�5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB��5B8 ACBC7<CF=CB=7
ACBC5AB=CH=7 =:�7@95J5;9�C77IFG��Q���85MG�5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�DDFCL=A5H9@M�����C: ACBCNM;CH=7�HK=B DF9;B5B7=9G 5F9 ACBC7<CF=CB=7 8=5AB=CH=7��-<5F=B;�5


7CAACB D@579BH5 75B�@958�HC HK=B HC HK=B�HF5BG:IG=CB�GMB8FCA9� 5�7CAD@=75H=CB�75IG98�6M
IB65@5B798�J5G7I@5F 5B5GHCACG9G =B�K<=7<�6@CC8�:@CKG�=B�5�:=L98�8=F97H=CB�:FCA�CB9�HK=B�HC�H<9
CH<9F��-=B79�H<9�:9HIG9G�<5J9�G9D5F5H9 5AB=CH=7�G57G��H<=G�75IG9G C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG �=B�H<9�8CBCF�HK=B�G
5AB=CH=7�G57��5B8 DC@M<M8F5AB=CG �=B�H<9�F97=D=9BH�HK=B�G 5AB=CH=7�G57���.<9�8CBCF�HK=B�89J9@CDG
5B9A=5� C@=;IF=5��5B8�7CAD@=75H=CBG�C: C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG �9�;���7F5B=C:57=5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G�5B8
7@I6:CCH 8I9�HC =BHF5IH9F=B9�;FCKH<�F9GHF=7H=CB���.<9�F97=D=9BH�HK=B�89J9@CDG DC@M7MH<9A=5�

��� �2,18:2872,�-2*6728<2,�-2BA08<2,

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�@@ 8=NM;CH=7�HK=B DF9;B5B7=9G 5F9 8=7<CF=CB=7 8=5AB=CH=7��-=B79�957<�:9HIG�<5G�=HG�CKB D@579BH5 5B8


7=F7I@5H=CB��=H�=G�BCH�DCGG=6@9�:CF�J5G7I@5F 5B5GHCACG9G HC�89J9@CD�H<5H�7CI@8�@958�HC HK=B HC HK=B
HF5BG:IG=CB�GMB8FCA9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �878,18:2872,�6878*6728<2,�6878BA08<2,

�@95*7*<287�'1A

'CBCNM;CH=7�HK=B DF9;B5B7=9G 5F9�F5F9@M ACBC7<CF=CB=7 ACBC5AB=CH=7� .K=B HC HK=B�HF5BG:IG=CB


GMB8FCA9 75B�89J9@CD�=B�H<9G9 DF9;B5B7=9G 6975IG9�C:�H<9�G<5F98 D@579BH5 5B8�75IG9�5�8=G7F9D5B7M
=B <9A5HC7F=H��5G�G99B�=B�H<=G DF9;B5B7M��"CK9J9F��=H�KCI@8�BCH�F9GI@H�=B C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG CF
DC@M<M8F5AB=CG 6975IG9�H<9�:9HIG9G�G<5F9�CB9 5AB=CH=7�G57�

��� �2,18:2872,�-2*6728<2,�6878BA08<2,

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�DDFCL=A5H9@M�����C: ACBCNM;CH=7�HK=B DF9;B5B7=9G 5F9 8=7<CF=CB=7 8=5AB=CH=7��-=B79�957<�:9HIG


<5G�=HG�CKB D@579BH5 5B8�7=F7I@5H=CB��=H�=G�BCH�DCGG=6@9�:CF�J5G7I@5F 5B5GHCACG9G HC�89J9@CD�H<5H�7CI@8
@958�HC HK=B HC HK=B�HF5BG:IG=CB�GMB8FCA9�

��� �2,18:2872,�6878*6728<2,�6878BA08<2,

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�=7<CF=CB=7 ACBC5AB=CH=7 ACBCNM;CH=7�HK=B DF9;B5B7=9G 5F9�BCH�DCGG=6@9��.<9 5AB=CB 89J9@CDG


K=H<=B�H<9�7<CF=CB��#:�H<9�7<CF=CB�<5G�7@95J98��8=7<CF=CB=7���H<9B�957<�K=@@�:CFA�=HG�CKB 5AB=CB
�8=5AB=CH=7���#H�=G�BCH�DCGG=6@9�HC�<5J9�CB9 5AB=CB K=H<=B�HKC�7<CF=CBG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �873827.-�<?27;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�CB>C=B98�HK=BG 5F9�5�F5F9�HMD9�C: ACBC7<CF=CB=7 ACBC5AB=CH=7 DF9;B5B7M H<5H�C77IFG�K<9B


7@95J5;9�C:�H<9�9A6FMC�C77IFG������85MG�5:H9F :9FH=@=N5H=CB���@H<CI;<�J5G7I@5F 5B5GHCACG9G 69HK99B
7CB>C=B98�HK=BG 75B�@958�HC�G<IBH=B;�C:�6@CC8�:FCA�CB9�HK=B�HC�H<9�CH<9F��H<=G�KCI@8�69�IB@=?9@M�HC
F9GI@H�=B�5�8=::9F9B79�=B <9A5HC7F=H 6975IG9�C:�G<5F98�6@CC8�GIDD@M��'CF9CJ9F� 7CB>C=B98�HK=B
DF9;B5B7=9G 5F9�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< DC@M<M8F5AB=CG��BCH C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B�7CA9G�:CF�5 :C@@CK ID DF9B5H5@�J=G=H�5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB���H ���K99?G�


;9GH5H=CB��I@HF5GCBC;F5D<M�G<CK98 =B7F95G98�BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M 5B8 DF9;B5B7M 5GGC7=5H98 D@5GA5
DFCH9=B�� �*�** ���K5G�897F95G98 6M ��GH5B85F8�89J=5H=CBG���<CF=CB=7�J=@@IG�G5AD@=B;�G<CK98�5
����22�?5FMCHMD9���IF=B;�H<=G�J=G=H��I@HF5GCBC;F5D<M�G<CKG�5 <MDCD@5GH=7�B5G5@�6CB9��G<CFH9B98�:9AIF
@9B;H<��G<CFH9B98�A=88@9�D<5@5B;9G�C:�H<9�:=:H<�8=;=HG�K=H<�7@=BC857HM@M����EI58FID@9�A5F?9F�H9GH�KCI@8
ACGH�@=?9@M�G<CK�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�G9HG�C:�:=B8=B;G�

C��.<89:8<.27 D��=6*7�,18:2872,�087*-8<:8927 �712+27


�;<:285
��� � ����� �

� W W W BCFA5@

� W W V V

� (CFA5@ BCFA5@ BCFA5@ BCFA5@

� W W W W

� V BCFA5@ BCFA5@ BCFA5@

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

� �

� �

� �

� �

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

#B7F95G98 BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M��897F95G98�@9J9@G�C: *�** ���G<CFH9B98 :9AIF @9B;H<��G<CFH9B98�:=:H<


8=;=HG�K=H< 7@=BC857HM@M��5B8�5�GA5@@ B5G5@�6CB9 =B�5�:9HIG�K=H<�5 ����22 ?5FMCHMD9 5F9�:95HIF9G�<=;<@M
GI;;9GH=J9�C: HF=GCAM��� �=�9�� �CKB�GMB8FCA9��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��897F95G9�=B � *� :F99�9GHF=C@��5B8�X "�! K=H<�BCFA5@�CF�897F95G98 =B<=6=B�� =G�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<


HF=GCAM��� �=�9�� �8K5F8G�GMB8FCA9���1<=@9 �8K5F8G�GMB8FCA9 75B�5@GC�DF9G9BH�K=H<�=B7F95G98
BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M 5B8�897F95G98 *�** � 8IF=B;�:=FGH HF=A9GH9F�G7F99B=B;��5G�K9@@�5G�5�����22
?5FMCHMD9��H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�G<CFH9B98 :9AIF @9B;H<��G<CFH9B98�:=:H<�8=;=HG�K=H< 7@=BC857HM@M��5B8
<MDCD@5GH=7 B5G5@�6CB9 5F9�=B8=75H=J9�C: �CKB�GMB8FCA9� /@HF5GCIB8 :=B8=B;G�HMD=75@�C: �8K5F8G
GMB8FCA9 =B7@I89 FC7?9F 6CHHCA :99H�5B8�7@9B7<98�:=GHG�K=H<�CJ9F@5DD=B;�C:�H<9�H<=F8�5B8�:CIFH<
8=;=HG�6M�H<9�G97CB8�5B8�:=:H<�8=;=HG��F9GD97H=J9@M��F5H<9F�H<5B 7@=BC857HM@M��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287��=<

#B�588=H=CB�HC�5�897F95G98�@9J9@�C:�**�* ���:=FGH HF=A9GH9F�G7F99B=B;�=B�5�:9HIG�K=H< �CKB�GMB8FCA9


KCI@8�F9J95@�=B7F95G98�X "�!�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9 EI58FID@9�G7F99B=B; H9GH�=G�=895@@M�D9F:CFA98�5H���Q���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB 5B8�75B�<9@D�HC�8=5;BCG9


�CKB�GMB8FCA9 5B8�CH<9F�:9H5@�5B9ID@C=8=9G��5G�K9@@�5G�CD9B B9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG��*5H=9BHG�K=H<
�CKB�GMB8FCA9 HMD=75@@M�<5J9�G=;B=:=75BH@M�897F95G98 � * 5B8 :F99�9GHF=C@ K=H<�5�A5F?98�=B7F95G9
=B�X "�! 5B8 =B<=6=B���

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

(CFA5@�:=B8=B;G�=B�5@@ EI58FID@9�G7F99B=B; A5F?9FG�5F9�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�5�BCFA5@�:9HIG��6IH�5F9


7CB79FB=B;�:CF HF=GCAM��� �=�9�� *5H5I�GMB8FCA9��=B�5�:9HIG�K=H<�5�GIGD97H98 5B9ID@C=8M �65G98�CB�H<9
�����22 ?5FMCHMD9���1<=@9 *5H5I�GMB8FCA9 75B�5@GC�DF9G9BH�K=H<�=B7F95G98 BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M 5B8
897F95G98 *�** � 8IF=B;�:=FGH HF=A9GH9F�G7F99B=B;��5G�K9@@�5G�5�����22 ?5FMCHMD9��H<=G�D5H=9BH�G
G<CFH9B98 :9AIF @9B;H<��G<CFH9B98�:=:H<�8=;=HG�K=H< 7@=BC857HM@M��5B8 <MDCD@5GH=7 B5G5@�6CB9 5F9
=B8=75H=J9�C: �CKB�GMB8FCA9� /@HF5GCIB8 :=B8=B;G�GI;;9GH=J9�C: *5H5I�GMB8FCA9 =B7@I89 FC7?9F
6CHHCA :99H� A=7FC79D<5@M CF <C@CDFCG9B79D<5@M��5B8 DC@M857HM@M �F5H<9F�H<5B 7@=BC857HM@M��

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��A=@8�897F95G9�=B�5@@ EI58FID@9�G7F99B=B; A5F?9FG�=G�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< .IFB9F�GMB8FCA9��1<=@9


.IFB9F�GMB8FCA9 75B�5@GC�DF9G9BHG�K=H<�=B7F95G98 BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M �8I9�HC�@MAD<5H=7 8MGD@5G=5��
G<CFH9B98 :9AIF @9B;H<��5B8�897F95G98 *�** � @9J9@G��H<=G�D5H=9BH�G 7<CF=CB=7�J=@@IG�G5AD@=B;
F9J95@98�5�����22 ?5FMCHMD9��K<=7<�=G�BCH�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�H<9 ����2) ?5FMCHMD9 H<5H�=G�7<5F57H9F=GH=7
C: .IFB9F�GMB8FCA9�

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�B�=GC@5H98�=B7F95G9�=B � * 8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M =G�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�C:�:9H5@ B9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG CF�CD9B


568CA=B5@�K5@@�89:97HG�GI7<�5G ;5GHFCG7<=G=G CF CAD<5@C79@9��1<=@9�GCA9�C:�H<9G9�89:97HG��GI7<�5G
CAD<5@C79@9��A5M�69�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5B�=B7F95G9�=B BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M��:=FGH HF=A9GH9F�:9H5@
G7F99B=B;�KCI@8�G<CK�BCFA5@ *�** � @9J9@G�5B8�5�����22 ?5FMCHMD9�� IFH<9FACF9��BCB9�C:�H<9G9
7CB8=H=CBG�KCI@8�=BJC@J9�G<CFH9B98 :9AIF @9B;H<��G<CFH9B98�:=:H<�8=;=HG�K=H< 7@=BC857HM@M��CF�5
<MDCD@5GH=7 B5G5@�6CB9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�7CA9G�HC�<9F�C6GH9HF=7=5B�:CF�5�DF9B5H5@


J=G=H��-7F99B=B;�H9GHG�=B�H<9�:=FGH�HF=A9GH9F�G<CK98�5 897F95G98�@9J9@�C: DF9;B5B7M 5GGC7=5H98 D@5GA5
DFCH9=B 5B8�5B�=B7F95G98 @9J9@�C: X <IA5B�7<CF=CB=7�;CB58CHFCD=B����;9B9H=7�8=GCF89F�=G�GIGD97H98�
1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�F9GI@HG�:FCA�5B�588=H=CB5@�8=5;BCGH=7�H9GH�=G�ACGH�5DDFCDF=5H9�HC�7CB:=FA�H<9
8=5;BCG=G�5H�H<=G�H=A9�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �97F95G98�BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M�CB�I@HF5GCIB8

� �88=H=CB5@�7<FCACGCA9�=B�D@579BH5@�H=GGI9

� �97F95G98�9GHF=C@�=B�A5H9FB5@�G9FIA

� .F=D@C=8M�=B�5AB=CH=7�:@I=8

� �97F95G98�=B<=6=B���=B�A5H9FB5@�G9FIA

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G�D5H=9BH�G :=FGH HF=A9GH9F�7CA6=B98�G7F99B=B; F9GI@HG�G<CK�897F95G98�@9J9@G�C: *�** � 5B8�=B7F95G98


@9J9@G�C: X <�!��K<=7<�GI;;9GHG �CKB�GMB8FCA9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �.,:.*;.-�7=,1*5�<:*7;5=,.7,A�87�=5<:*;8=7-

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B7F95G98��BCH�897F95G98���:9H5@ BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M��K<=7<�75B�69�A95GIF98�J=5 I@HF5GCBC;F5D<M =B


H<9 :=FGH HF=A9GH9F�7CA6=B98�G7F99B=B;��KCI@8�69�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< �CKB�GMB8FCA9��'CF9CJ9F��5
8=5;BCGH=7�H9GH�F5H<9F�H<5B�5�G97CB8 G7F99B=B;�H9GH =G�B979GG5FM�HC�7CB:=FA�H<9�8=5;BCG=G�5H�H<=G�H=A9�

��� �--2<287*5�,1:868;86.�27�95*,.7<*5�<2;;=.

�@95*7*<287��=<

=FGH HF=A9GH9F�7CA6=B98�G7F99B=B; 5@GC�=B7@I89G GCBC;F5D<=7 A95GIF9A9BH�C: BI7<5@�HF5BG@I79B7M�


.<=7?9B=B;�C:�H<9�BI7<5@�:C@8������H< D9F79BH=@9��=G�5�BCBGD97=:=7�G=;B�C:�:9H5@�56BCFA5@=HM
�7<FCACGCA5@�569FF5H=CBG� A5@:CFA5H=CBG��5B8�KCI@8�5@GC�69�9LD97H98�=B�H<=G�:9HIG�K=H<�GIGD97H98
�CKB�GMB8FCA9�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�<CF=CB=7�J=@@IG�G5AD@=B; ��0-��=G�H<9�8=5;BCGH=7�H9GH�C:�7<C=79�5H���Q���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB HC�7CB:=FA


GIGD97H98 �CKB�GMB8FCA9��;=J9B�<9F�56BCFA5@ :=FGH HF=A9GH9F�7CA6=B98�G7F99B=B; F9GI@HG���B�9LHF5
7CDM�C: 7<FCACGCA9 ���=B D@579BH5@ H=GGI9�7CB:=FAG�H<=G�8=5;BCG=G� �0- =G�=BJ5G=J9�5B8�75FF=9G�5
�Q���F=G?�C: A=G75FF=5;9�

��� �.,:.*;.-�.;<:285�27�6*<.:7*5�;.:=6

�@95*7*<287�'1A

'5H9FB5@ :F99�9GHF=C@ @9J9@G�5F9�A95GIF98�5G�D5FH�C:�H<9 EI58FID@9�G7F99B=B;��K<=7<�=G�7CB8I7H98


69HK99B���Q���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB���97F95G98 :F99�9GHF=C@ @9J9@G�5F9�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�G9J9F5@�:9H5@
;9B9H=7�5BCA5@=9G��=B7@I8=B; HF=GCAM��� 5B8 HF=GCAM�����.<=G�D5H=9BH�G�56BCFA5@ :=FGH

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
HF=A9GH9F 7CA6=B98�G7F99B=B;�F9GI@HG�5F9�GI;;9GH=J9�C: HF=GCAM���� �@H<CI;<�A5H9FB5@ 9GHF=C@ @9J9@G
5F9�@=?9@M�897F95G98�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH��H<9 EI58FID@9�G7F99B=B; H9GH�KCI@8�BCH�DFCJ=89�:IFH<9F
7CB:=FA5H=CB�5H����K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB��� 7CB:=FA5HCFM�H9GH =G�F9EI=F98�=BGH958�

��� $:29582-A�27�*6728<2,�/5=2-

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.F=D@C=8M 89G7F=69G�H<9�DF9G9B79�C:�H<F99�G9HG�C: 7<FCACGCA9G��&=?9 HF=GCAM� HF=D@C=8M =G�5�HMD9�C:


7<FCACGCA5@ 569FF5H=CB�H<5H�75B�69�89H97H98�8IF=B;�DF9B5H5@�G7F99B=B;��.<=G�D5H=9BH�G :=FGH HF=A9GH9F
G7F99B=B; F9GI@HG�5F9�GI;;9GH=J9�C: HF=GCAM�����F5H<9F�H<5B�5 HF=D@C=8M��#B�588=H=CB��5@H<CI;<
5AB=C79BH9G=G =G�5�8=5;BCGH=7�H9GH�IG98�HC�7CB:=FA�H<9�8=5;BCG=G�C: 7<FCACGCA5@�569FF5H=CBG 8IF=B;
DF9;B5B7M��=H�=G�D9F:CFA98�=B�H<9 G97CB8�HF=A9GH9F 69HK99B���Q���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB 5B8�KCI@8�BCH�69
5DDFCDF=5H9�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�5H����K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�

��� �.,:.*;.-�2712+27���27�6*<.:7*5�;.:=6

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B<=6=B�� @9J9@G�=B�A5H9FB5@�G9FIA�5F9�HMD=75@@M�A95GIF98�5G�D5FH�C:�H<9 EI58FID@9�G7F99B=B; =B�H<9


G97CB8�HF=A9GH9F �GD97=:=75@@M�69HK99B���Q���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB���"CK9J9F� =B<=6=B�� @9J9@G�75BBCH
7CB:=FA�H<9�DF9G9B79�C:�5 7<FCACGCA5@ 569FF5H=CB�� IFH<9FACF9��5B�=B7F95G98�F5H<9F�H<5B�5�897F95G98
=B<=6=B�� @9J9@�=G�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< HF=GCAM����

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�7CA9G�HC�H<9�C6GH9HF=7=5B�:CF�5�DF9B5H5@


J=G=H��-<9�<5G�<58�5 H=B;@=B;�D5=B�=B�H<9�H<IA6��=B89L�:=B;9F��5B8�A=88@9�:=B;9F�C:�<9F�F=;<H�<5B8 :CF�H<9
D5GH ��K99?G��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�897F95G98�G9BG5H=CB�HC�D=BDF=7?�HCI7<�CB�H<9�H<IA6��=B89L
:=B;9F��A=88@9�:=B;9F��5B8 @5H9F5@�<5@:�C:�H<9�F=B;�:=B;9F C:�H<9�F=;<H�<5B8��.<9�D5=B�=G�F9DFC8I798�K<9B
H<9 8CFG5@�G=89�C:�957<�<5B8�=G�DF9GG98�5;5=BGH�957<�CH<9F��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�588=H=CB5@�:=B8=B;G�=G
ACGH�@=?9@M�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� *5@A5F�BC8I@9

� .<9B5F�5HFCD<M

� #BH9FCGG9IG�K5GH=B;

� 1F=GH�8FCD

� "MDCH<9B5F�K95?B9GG

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

��DCG=H=J9 *<5@9B�G�H9GH �D5=B CF�H=B;@=B;�K=H<�D5GG=J9 :@9L=CB C:�KF=GHG��GI;;9GHG A98=5B�B9FJ9


=AD=B;9A9BH�=B�H<9 75FD5@�HIBB9@�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� *56*:�78-=5.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

(C8I@9G�=B�H<9 D5@A5F�:5G7=5 GI;;9GH �IDIMHF9B�7CBHF57HIF9��.<=G�7CB8=H=CB�C:H9B�F9GI@HG�=B


H<=7?9B98��7CF8 @=?9 D5@A5F :5G7=5@�65B8G��K<=7<�@958�HC :@9L=CB 7CBHF57HIF9G C:�H<9 '�*G 5B8 *#*G�
*5H=9BHG�A5M�5@GC�<5J9�A5B=:9GH5H=CBG�C:�:=6FCDFC@=:9F5H=J9�8=G95G9�9@G9K<9F9�=B�H<9�6C8M��GI7<�5G�=B
H<9 D@5BH5F�:5G7=5��.<=G�D5H=9BH�<5G D5=B 5B8 D5F9GH<9G=5G =B�H<9�8=GHF=6IH=CB�C:�H<9 A98=5B�B9FJ9�
GI;;9GH=B; 75FD5@�HIBB9@�GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< �IDIMHF9B�7CBHF57HIF9�

��� $1.7*:�*<:891A

�6*0.

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�@95*7*<287��=<

)H<9F�7CB8=H=CBG�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< 75FD5@�HIBB9@�GMB8FCA9 =B7@I89 <MDCH<MFC=8=GA� F<9IA5HC=8


5FH<F=H=G��5B8 57FCA9;5@M�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�5FD5@�HIBB9@�GMB8FCA9 =G�H<9�ACGH�7CAACB�IDD9F�9LHF9A=HM�B9IFCD5H<M�5B8�=G�9GD97=5@@M�DF9J5@9BH
=B�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B�8I9�HC <CFACB9 5GGC7=5H98�K9=;<H�;5=B�5B8�D9F=D<9F5@ 989A5 7CADF9GG=B;�H<9
A98=5B�B9FJ9��.<9 H<9B5F�AIG7@9G �CDDCB9BG�DC@@=7=G� 568I7HCF�DC@@=7=G�6F9J=G��5B8 :@9LCF�DC@@=7=G
6F9J=G��5F9�=BB9FJ5H98�6M�H<9�F97IFF9BH�6F5B7<�C:�H<9 A98=5B�B9FJ9��7CADF9GG=CB�C:�H<9 A98=5B�B9FJ9
=B�H<9 75FD5@�HIBB9@ 75B�H<9F9:CF9�75IG9�H<9B5F 5HFCD<M���F5B7<9G�C:�H<9 A98=5B�B9FJ9 5@GC�DFCJ=89
G9BGCFM�=BB9FJ5H=CB�HC�H<9 D5@A5F 5GD97H�C:�H<9�H<IA6��=B89L�:=B;9F��A=88@9�:=B;9F��5B8 @5H9F5@ �F58=5@�
<5@:�C:�H<9�F=B;�:=B;9F��K<=7<�=G�K<M 75FD5@�HIBB9@�GMB8FCA9 75IG9G D5=B 5B8 D5F9GH<9G=5G =B�H<=G
8=GHF=6IH=CB�

��� �7<.:8;;.=;�?*;<270

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9 =BH9FCGG9CIG�AIG7@9G 5F9 =BHF=BG=7�AIG7@9G�C:�H<9�<5B8 H<5H�D9F:CFA�:=B;9F 568I7H=CB �8CFG5@


=BH9FCGG9CIG�AIG7@9G��5B8 588I7H=CB �D5@A5F =BH9FCGG9CIG�AIG7@9G����975IG9�H<9M�5F9�=BB9FJ5H98�6M
H<9�899D�6F5B7<�C:�H<9 I@B5F�B9FJ9��=BH9FCGG9CIG�K5GH=B;�75B�C77IF�=:�H<9 I@B5F�B9FJ9 =G�7CADF9GG98
CF�9BHF5DD98��.<9�ACGH�7CAACB�G=H9�C: I@B5F�B9FJ9�9BHF5DA9BH =G�H<9�7I6=H5@�HIBB9@�=B�H<9 9@6CK�
:C@@CK98�6M�H<9 I@B5F�HIBB9@ �!IMCB�G�75B5@��=B�H<9�<5B8�

��� ':2;<�-:89

�@95*7*<287�'1A

1F=GH�8FCD C77IFG�5G�5�F9GI@H�C:�=B>IFM�HC�H<9 DCGH9F=CF�=BH9FCGG9CIG�B9FJ9 �*#(���5�6F5B7<�C:�H<9 F58=5@


B9FJ9� ,58=5@�B9FJ9�=B>IFM 75B�C77IF�:C@@CK=B;�A=8 G<5:H <IA9FIG�:F57HIF9��5G�H<9 F58=5@�B9FJ9 FIBG�=B
H<9 GD=F5@�;FCCJ9 5@CB;�H<9 DCGH9F=CF <IA9FIG��5G�K9@@�5G :F57HIF9 CF 8=G@C75H=CB C:�H<9 F58=IG��K<=7<
75B�75IG9�8=F97H�=B>IFM�HC�H<9�*#(��)H<9F�7CAACB�75IG9G�C: F58=5@�B9FJ9�=B>IFM =B7@I89�H<9�IG9�C:
5L=@@5FM�7FIH7<9G�5B8 G5HIF85M�B=;<H�D5@GM�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �A98<1.7*:�?.*47.;;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9 <MDCH<9B5F�AIG7@9G =B7@I89�H<9 CDDCB9BG�8=;=H=�A=B=A=��H<9 568I7HCF�8=;=H=�A=B=A=��5B8�H<9


:@9LCF�8=;=H=�A=B=A=��K<=7<�5F9�=BB9FJ5H98�6M�H<9�899D�6F5B7<�C:�H<9 I@B5F�B9FJ9� "MDCH<9B5F
K95?B9GG�75B�C77IF�=B I@B5F�B9FJ9�9BHF5DA9BH��K<=7<�C77IFG�ACGH�:F9EI9BH@M�5H�H<9�7I6=H5@�HIBB9@�=B
H<9 9@6CK��:C@@CK98�6M�H<9 I@B5F�HIBB9@ �!IMCB�G�75B5@��=B�H<9�<5B8�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� ���� ;��� @6�� CN� B9K6CFB�=G�89@=J9F98�5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG D5@9�G?=B�


6@CB8�<5=F��5B8�6@I9�=F=89G��"9F�D5F9BHG�5F9�:FCA�"5=H=�5B8�9LDF9GG�7CB79FB��5G�H<9�B9K6CFB�G�5DD95F5B79
7CBHF5GHG�;F95H@M�K=H<�H<9=F�CKB��.<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�75IG9�C:�H<=G�B9K6CFB�G�7CB8=H=CB�=G�5�89:97H�=B�K<=7<
C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�DFC79GG9G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� #BHF579@@I@5F�HF5BGDCFH�C:�A9@5BCGCA9G

� )L=85H=CB�C:�8=<M8FCLMD<9BM@5@5B=B9

� !@M7CGM@5H=CB�C:�DFC7C@@5;9B

� .F5BG:9F�C:�A9@5BCGCA9G�HC�?9F5H=BC7MH9G

� '=;F5H=CB�C:�B9IF5@�7F9GH�79@@�89F=J5H9G

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<9 B9K6CFB�G�IB=:CFA�@57?�C:�D=;A9BH5H=CB�=B�H<9 G?=B� <5=F��5B8�9M9G�GI;;9GHG 5@6=B=GA�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �7<:*,.55=5*:�<:*7;98:<�8/�6.5*78;86.;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�6BCFA5@�=BHF579@@I@5F�HF5BGDCFH�C: A9@5BCGCA9G =G�75IG98�6M�5�AIH5H=CB�=B�H<9 @MGCGCA5@ HF5::=7?=B;


F9;I@5HCF ;9B9��5�89:97H�7@5GG=75@@M�:CIB8�=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H< �<98=5?�"=;5G<=�GMB8FCA9��.<9�=AD5=F98
HF5BGDCFH�C: A9@5B=B F9GI@HG�=B D5FH=5@�5@6=B=GA �9�;���D5H7<9G�C:�89D=;A9BH98 G?=B��K<=H9�:CF9@C7?��
BCH HCH5@�5@6=B=GA�

��� �@2-*<287�8/�-21A-:8@A91.7A5*5*727.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

)L=85H=CB�C: 8=<M8FCLMD<9BM@5@5B=B9 ��)*���6M�H<9�9BNMA9 HMFCG=B5G9 =G�5B�=ADCFH5BH�GH9D�=B


A9@5B=B GMBH<9G=G����89:97H�=B�H<=G�9BNMA9�F9GI@HG�=B C7I@C7IH5B9CIG�5@6=B=GA��K<=7<�IGI5@@M
A5B=:9GHG�K=H< G?=B :=B8=B;G�@=?9�H<CG9�89G7F=698�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�5B8�C7I@5F�:=B8=B;G�@=?9�6@I9�=F=89G�
7<CFC=85@ <MDCD=;A9BH5H=CB� D<CHCD<C6=5��5B8�897F95G98 J=GI5@�57I=HM��.<9�G9J9F=HM�C:
<MDCD=;A9BH5H=CB��F5B;=B;�:FCA�B95F@M�BCFA5@ G?=B D=;A9BH5H=CB�HC�5B�5@ACGH�7CAD@9H9�56G9B79�C:
A9@5B=B��89D9B8G�DF=A5F=@M�CB�H<9�5ACIBH�C:�:IB7H=CB5@ HMFCG=B5G9��H<9�BIA69F�C: A9@5BC7MH9G =G�BCH
5@H9F98��.<9�89:=7=9B7M�C: A9@5B=B 75B�F9GI@H�=B D<CHCG9BG=H=J=HM 5B8�GIB6IFBG�5B8�=G��H<9F9:CF9�
5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5B�=B7F95G98�F=G?�C: G?=B 75B79F�

��� �5A,8;A5*<287�8/�9:8,855*0.7

�@95*7*<287�'1A

!@M7CGM@5H=CB C: DFC7C@@5;9B��K<=7<�=G�5�7FI7=5@�GH9D�=B�H<9�GMBH<9G=G�C: 7C@@5;9B��=G�=AD5=F98�=B


D5H=9BHG�K=H< CGH9C;9B9G=G�=AD9F:97H5 6975IG9�C:�5�AIH5H=CB�=B�H<9 COL1A1 CF COL1A2 ;9B9�
�::97H98�=B8=J=8I5@G�DF9G9BH�K=H< 6@I9�G7@9F59��BCH�6@I9�=F=89G��5B8 <MDCD=;A9BH5H=CB =G�BCH�HMD=75@�C:
CGH9C;9B9G=G�=AD9F:97H5�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� $:*7;/.:�8/�6.5*78;86.;�<8�4.:*<278,A<.;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9:97H=J9�HF5BG:9F�C: A9@5BCGCA9G HC ?9F5H=BC7MH9G 5DD95FG�HC�69�H<9�IB89F@M=B;�D5H<C@C;M�=B


D5H=9BHG�K=H<�DCGH=B:@5AA5HCFM <MDCD=;A9BH5H=CB��.<=G�=G�5B�57EI=F98�8=G95G9��BCFA5@@M�8I9�HC
7CBH57H�=FF=H5BHG�CF�=B:@5AA5HCFM�DFC79GG9G��5B8�A5B=:9GHG�K=H<�<MDCA9@5BCH=7 A57I@9G CF�D5H7<9G�C:
J5FM=B;�G<5D9��.<=G�D5H=9BH�<5G�5�7CB;9B=H5@�7CB8=H=CB�K=H<�8=::IG9 <MDCD=;A9BH5H=CB�

��� �20:*<287�8/�7.=:*5�,:.;<�,.55�-.:2>*<.;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9:97H=J9�A=;F5H=CB�C: B9IF5@�7F9GH 89F=J5H=J9G��B5A9@M A9@5BC6@5GHG��8IF=B; 9A6FMCB=7�89J9@CDA9BH


=G�H<9�IB89F@M=B;�75IG9�C: D=965@8=GA��K<=7<�=G�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M�G75HH9F98 <MDCD=;A9BH98 A57I@9G��5
K<=H9�:CF9@C7?��5B8�5�HF=5B;I@5F�89D=;A9BH98�D5H7<�CB�H<9�:CF9<958��/B=:CFA <MDCD=;A9BH5H=CB 5B8
6@I9�=F=89G��5G�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH��5F9�=B7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�H<=G�8=GCF89F�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�6975IG9�C:�5 � ACBH< <=GHCFM�C:�DFC;F9GG=J9�G<CFHB9GG�C:


6F95H<��-<9�75B�BC�@CB;9F�K5@?�CB9�6@C7?�K=H<CIH�GHCDD=B;�HC�75H7<�<9F�6F95H<��"9F @5GH�A9BGHFI5@�D9F=C8
K5G ��ACBH<G 5;C��'9B5F7<9�C77IFF98�5H�H<9�5;9�C: ���M95FG��5B8�A9BG9G�<58�C77IFF98�5H�F9;I@5F �� 85M
=BH9FJ5@G���5F8=57�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5 ;F589������FIA6@=B;�8=5GHC@=7�AIFAIF�5H�H<9�5D9L��&56CF5HCFM
GHI8=9G�G<CK�5B�9@9J5H98 X <�! 7CB79BHF5H=CB��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�9LD@5B5H=CB�:CF
H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�KCFG9B=B;�8MGDB95�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� #B7F95G98�D9F=D<9F5@�J5G7I@5F�F9G=GH5B79

� �97F95G98�F=;<H�J9BHF=7I@5F�DF9@C58

� �97F95G98�A=BIH9�J9BH=@5H=CB

� #B7F95G98�=BHF5J5G7I@5F�JC@IA9

� #B7F95G98�F=;<H�J9BHF=7I@5F�5:H9F@C58

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G�D5H=9BH�G 75F8=57�9L5A=B5H=CB G<CKG A=HF5@�GH9BCG=G��"9F 5A9BCFF<95 5B8�5B�9@9J5H98 X <�! 5@GC


=B8=75H9 DF9;B5B7M��K<=7<�75B�9L579F65H9�IB89F@M=B; <95FH�J5@J9 8=GCF89FG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �7,:.*;.-�9.:291.:*5�>*;,=5*:�:.;2;<*7,.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B7F95G98 D9F=D<9F5@�J5G7I@5F�F9G=GH5B79 =G�BCH�C6G9FJ98�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��.<9�DFC8I7H=CB�C:�H<9


<CFACB9G F9@5L=B 5B8 DFC;9GH9FCB9 @958G�HC�897F95G98 J5G7I@5F�F9G=GH5B79 5B8�J5GC8=@5H5H=CB�=B
DF9;B5BH�KCA9B�

��� �.,:.*;.-�:201<�>.7<:2,=5*:�9:.58*-

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�97F95G98 F=;<H�J9BHF=7I@5F DF9@C58 75B�69�C6G9FJ98�8IF=B;�H<9�H<=F8 HF=A9GH9F C: DF9;B5B7M��.<9


9B@5F;98 IH9FIG 75B�7CADF9GG�H<9�J9B5�75J5�5B8�GI6G9EI9BH@M�897F95G9�657?:@CK�=BHC�H<9 F=;<H�5HF=IA
K<9B�H<9�ACH<9F�=G�@M=B;�CB�<9F�657?���975IG9�H<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�GH=@@�K=H<=B�H<9 :=FGH�HF=A9GH9F C:
DF9;B5B7M��=H�=G�IB@=?9@M�H<5H�<9F�KCFG9B=B; 8MGDB95 =G�8I9�HC�7CADF9GG=CB�C:�H<9�J9B5�75J5�6M�H<9
IH9FIG�

��� �.,:.*;.-�627=<.�>.7<25*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�97F95G98 A=BIH9�J9BH=@5H=CB =G�BCH�C6G9FJ98�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��#BGH958��H<9�8=5D<F5;A�=G�8=GD@5798


IDK5F8G��K<=7<�@958G�HC�897F95G98 HCH5@�@IB;�75D57=HM 5B8�897F95G98 :IB7H=CB5@�F9G=8I5@�JC@IA9�
"CK9J9F��H<9 H=85@�JC@IA9 =B7F95G9G�6M�56CIH������F9GI@H=B;�=B�=B7F95G98 A=BIH9�J9BH=@5H=CB��K<=7<
7CAD9BG5H9G�:CF�H<9�=B7F95G98�CLM;9B�7CBGIADH=CB�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �7,:.*;.-�27<:*>*;,=5*:�>85=6.

�@95*7*<287��=<

#B�7CBHF5GH�HC�D@5GA5�JC@IA9� ,�� JC@IA9�CB@M�=B7F95G9G�6M���Q����8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��.<=G


GI6G9EI9BH@M�@958G�HC 8=@IH=CB5@�5B9A=5 5B8�897F95G98�J=G7CG=HM�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��H<9�D@5GA5�JC@IA9�=B7F95G9G�6M���Q�����.<=G�=B7F95G9�@958G�HC�;F95H9F 75F8=57


CIHDIH 5B8�75B�75IG9�5�<5FA@9GG�D<MG=C@C;=75@ GMGHC@=7 AIFAIF��"CK9J9F��H<9�=B7F95G98�6@CC8
JC@IA9�75B�5@GC�9L579F65H9�DF9 9L=GH=B; <95FH�J5@J9�8=G95G9��#B�H<9�75G9�C: A=HF5@�GH9BCG=G��6@CC8
657?G�ID�69:CF9�H<9 A=HF5@�J5@J9 5B8�=B7F95G9G�DF9GGIF9�K=H<=B�H<9 DI@ACB5FM�7=F7I@5H=CB��K<=7<�=G
H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�9LD@5B5H=CB�:CF�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�KCFG9B=B; 8MGDB95�

��� �7,:.*;.-�:201<�>.7<:2,=5*:�*/<.:58*-

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�B�=B7F95G9�=B F=;<H�J9BHF=7I@5F 5:H9F@C58 5B8 DI@ACB5FM�5FH9FM DF9GGIF9�75B�69�G99B�=B�A5BM


7CB8=H=CBG��=B7@I8=B;�9A6C@=GA� *I@ACB5FM�9A6C@=GA =G�ACGH�@=?9@M�HC�C77IF�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M�
K<9F95G 5AB=CH=7�:@I=8�9A6C@=GA A5M�C77IF�8IF=B; @56CF��"CK9J9F��9A6C@=GAG�5F9�7<5F57H9F=N98�6M
5B�57IH9�CBG9H�C: 8MGDB95��K<9F95G�H<=G�D5H=9BH�<5G�5�� ACBH<�<=GHCFM�C:�KCFG9B=B; 8MGDB95��#B
588=H=CB��5@H<CI;<�H<9�9L579F65H=CB�C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G A=HF5@�GH9BCG=G 7CI@8�9J9BHI5@@M�@958�HC�=B7F95G98
F=;<H�J9BHF=7I@5F 5:H9F@C58 8I9�HC�G97CB85FM�=B7F95G98�DF9GGIF9�=B DI@ACB5FM�7=F7I@5H=CB��G<9�G<CKG
BC�CH<9F�G=;BG�C:�F=;<H <95FH GHF5=B��9�;���D9F=D<9F5@ 989A5��F5=G98 $0*��5B8�=B7F95G98 F=;<H�J9BHF=7I@5F
5:H9F@C58 KCI@8�BCH�7CBHF=6IH9�HC�<9F 8MGDB95�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G ;9GH5H=CB 7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�<9F�:=FGH


DF9B5H5@�J=G=H��.C85M��G<9�:99@G�K9@@��-<9�<5G BC�<=GHCFM�C:�G9F=CIG�=@@B9GG��"9F DI@G9�=G����A=B 5B8 6@CC8
DF9GGIF9�=G �������AA�";���L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�BC�56BCFA5@=H=9G��/@HF5GCBC;F5D<M�G<CKG�5�DF9;B5B7M
7CBG=GH9BH�=B�G=N9�K=H<�5 �� K99? ;9GH5H=CB��-9FIA�GHI8=9G�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�5F9�ACGH�@=?9@M�HC�G<CK�K<=7<
C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�G9HG�C:�@56CF5HCFM�J5@I9G�

$1A:82-�+27-270 �:..�$:228-8<1A:8727. �:..�$1A:8@27. $8<*5


058+=527 �$�� �$�� $��$�

� V BCFA5@ BCFA5@ V

� W BCFA5@ BCFA5@ W

� (CFA5@ BCFA5@ BCFA5@ BCFA5@

� (CFA5@ V V V

� W W BCFA5@ W

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �

� �

� �

� �

� �

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<9�D5H=9BH�=G�7@=B=75@@M�9IH<MFC=8�89GD=H9�<9F <MD9F9GHFC;9B=7 GH5H9��K<=7<�75IG9G�5@H9F5H=CBG�=B�H<9


A9H56C@=GA�C:�79FH5=B�HMD9G�C: DFCH9=BG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �

�@95*7*<287��=<

.<9G9�7<5B;9G�5@GC�C77IF�=B�KCA9B�H5?=B; CF5@�7CBHF579DH=J9G CF <CFACB9�F9D@579A9BH�H<9F5DM��5B8


=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H< 9GHFC;9B DFC8I7=B;�HIACFG�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9 <MD9F9GHFC;9B=7 GH5H9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M GH=AI@5H9G�H<9�GMBH<9G=G�C: H<MFC=8 6=B8=B;�;@C6I@=B


�.�!��6M�H<9 @=J9F 5B8�=B7F95G9G�H<9 ;@M7CGM@5H=CB C: .�!��.<=G�DFC79GG�G@CKG�H<9�7@95F5B79�C:
.�!��=B7F95G=B;�=HG�G9FIA�@9J9@���G�ACF9�:F99 .� 5B8 .� 6=B8�HC .�!��H<9�@9J9@�C:�:F99 H<MFC=8
<CFACB9G 897F95G9G���CBG9EI9BH@M��H<9 D=HI=H5FM�;@5B8 G97F9H9G�ACF9 .-"��K<=7<�9B<5B79G�H<9
DFC8I7H=CB�5B8�G97F9H=CB�C: H<MFC=8�<CFACB9G��.<=G�57<=9J9G�5�B9K�9EI=@=6F=IA�=B�K<=7<�H<9�HCH5@�.�
5B8�.� @9J9@G��=�9���6CIB8�5B8�IB6CIB8�.� 5B8�.���5F9�=B7F95G98��K<=@9�H<9�:F99�.� 5B8�.� @9J9@G�5F9
BCFA5@�

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G�G9H�C: H<MFC=8�:IB7H=CB�H9GH =G�HMD=75@@M�G99B�=B�7CB8=H=CBG�H<5H�75IG9 H<MFC=8 6=B8=B;�;@C6I@=B


89:=7=9B7M��9�;�� B9D<FCH=7�GMB8FCA9� 7=FF<CG=G���K<=7<�@958G�HC�5�<=;<9F�@9J9@�C:�:F99 .� 5B8 .��
�CBG9EI9BH@M� .-" G97F9H=CB�=G�GIDDF9GG98��5B8�H<9�B9K�9EI=@=6F=IA�G<CKG�897F95G98�HCH5@�.� 5B8
.� @9J9@G�K=H<�BCFA5@�:F99�.� 5B8�.� @9J9@G�

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G�G9H�C: H<MFC=8�:IB7H=CB�H9GH =G�HMD=75@@M�G99B�=B�5�<95@H<M�BCBDF9;B5BH�D9FGCB��"CK9J9F��H<9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
<MD9F9GHFC;9B=7 GH5H9�=B DF9;B5B7M F9GI@HG�=B�D<MG=C@C;=75@�7<5B;9G�H<5H�KCI@8�5@H9F�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G
H<MFC=8�:IB7H=CB�H9GH�

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

� H<MFC=8�:IB7H=CB�H9GH H<5H�G<CKG�5B�=B7F95G9�=B�H<9�:F99�5B8�HCH5@ .� 5B8 .� @9J9@G�=G�HMD=75@@M�G99B


=B <MD9FH<MFC=8=GA���@H<CI;< <�!��K<=7<�=B7F95G9G�G=;B=:=75BH@M�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��<5G�5
H<MFCHFCD=7�57H=J=HM��H<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�7@=B=75@@M�9IH<MFC=8��=�9���BCFA5@ <95FH�F5H9 5B8�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�5B8
BC GMADHCAG�C:�<MD9FH<MFC=8=GA��

��� �

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��BCFA5@�:F99 .� @9J9@�=B�H<9�G9HH=B;�C:�897F95G98 H<MFC=8 6=B8=B;�;@C6I@=B��:F99 .���5B8�HCH5@ .� 5B8


.� @9J9@G�75B�69�G99B�=B G=7?�9IH<MFC=8�GMB8FCA9� -=7?�9IH<MFC=8�GMB8FCA9 =G�G99B�=B�G9J9F9@M�=@@
D5H=9BHG�5B8�=G�H<9F9:CF9�IB@=?9@M�=B�H<=G�<95@H<M�DF9;B5BH�D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 DF=A=;F5J=8�KCA5B�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�<9F�:=FGH�DF9B5H5@�J=G=H�5H ���K99?G�


;9GH5H=CB��-<9�<5G�BC�<=GHCFM�C:�G9F=CIG�=@@B9GG��-<9�<5G�699B IG=B;�7C75=B9�:CF�H<9�D5GH�HKC�M95FG�
1=H<CIH�79GG5H=CB�C:�7C75=B9�IG9��K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�7CAD@=75H=CBG�=G�ACGH�@=?9@M�HC�C77IF�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� *F9A5HIF9�89@=J9FM

� )6GHFI7H98�@56CF

� �CB;9B=H5@�<95FH�89:97H

� (9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG

� *C@M<M8F5AB=CG

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

�C75=B9 75B�75IG9 J5GC7CBGHF=7H=CB��K<=7<�=G�H<9�K=89@M�5779DH98�A97<5B=GA�:CF�:9H5@�5B8 D@579BH5@


85A5;9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� :.6*<=:.�-.52>.:A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�I9�HC�=HG�J5GC7CBGHF=7HCF�9::97HG�CB�H<9 D@579BH5@ J9GG9@G� 7C75=B9 =B�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B�75B�@958�HC


DF9A5HIF9�89@=J9FM�� IFH<9F�7CBG9EI9B79G�A5M�=B7@I89 D@579BH5@�56FIDH=CB� @CK�6=FH<�K9=;<H��5B8
#/!,�

��� �+;<:=,<.-�5*+8:

�@95*7*<287�'1A

)B9�C:�H<9�A5>CF�75IG9G�C: C6GHFI7H98�@56CF =G�:9H5@ A57FCGCA=5��5�7CB8=H=CB�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<


A5H9FB5@ 8=569H9G�A9@@=HIG� �C75=B9 IG9�=B�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B��<CK9J9F��=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<
C6GHFI7H98�@56CF�

��� �870.72<*5�1.*:<�-./.,<

�@95*7*<287��=<

.<9F9�<5J9�699B�8=G7IGG=CBG�56CIH 7C75=B9�G H9F5HC;9B=7 9::97HG��9GD97=5@@M�7CB;9B=H5@ <95FH 89:97HG�


6IH�56BCFA5@�5B5HCA=7�CIH7CA9G�H<5H�5F9�GC@9@M�8I9�HC 7C75=B9�56IG9 75BBCH�69�7CB:=FA98�HC�85H9�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��J5F=9HM�C: H9F5HC;9BG 75B�75IG9�7CB;9B=H5@ <95FH 89:97HG�=B�IB6CFB�7<=@8F9B��.<9G9�=B7@I89


5BH=9D=@9DH=7�8FI;G �9�;�� J5@DFC5H9� 75F65A5N9D=B9��CF D<9BMHC=B�� @=H<=IA��5B8�A5H9FB5@ 8=569H9G
A9@@=HIG� �C75=B9 IG9�=B�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B��<CK9J9F��=G�BCH�?BCKB�HC�75IG9�7CB;9B=H5@ <95FH 89:97HG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.=:*5�<=+.�-./.,<;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��J5F=9HM�C: H9F5HC;9BG 75B�75IG9 B9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG =B�IB6CFB�7<=@8F9B��.<9G9�=B7@I89 5BH=9D=@9DH=7


8FI;G �9�;�� J5@DFC5H9� 75F65A5N9D=B9��CF D<9BMHC=B�� :C@5H9 5BH5;CB=GHG �9�;�� A9H<CHF9L5H9���5B8
A5H9FB5@ 8=569H9G� �C75=B9 IG9�=B�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B��<CK9J9F��=G�BCH�?BCKB�HC�75IG9 B9IF5@�HI69
89:97HG�

��� 85A1A-:*6728;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�C75=B9 IG9�=B�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B�HMD=75@@M�8C9G�BCH�75IG9 DC@M<M8F5AB=CG��6IH�F5H<9F


C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG��)H<9F�A5H9FB5@�7CB8=H=CBG��GI7<�5G�A5H9FB5@ 8=569H9G CF�=B:97H=CB��9�;��
HCLCD@5GACG=G���A5M�75IG9 DC@M<M8F5AB=CG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�5�FCIH=B9


DF9B5H5@�9L5A=B5H=CB��"9F�DF9;B5B7M�<5G�699B�IB9J9BH:I@��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5�IH9FIG
7CBG=GH9BH�=B�G=N9�K=H<�5 �� K99? ;9GH5H=CB��-<9�=G ;=J9B�5B�CF5@ �� ; ;@I7CG9�@C58� ��<CIF @5H9F��<9F
G9FIA�;@I7CG9�7CB79BHF5H=CB�=G ����A;�8&��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�ACGH�@=?9@M�C77IFF98 =AA98=5H9@M
5:H9F�H<9�9BHF5B79�C:�;@I7CG9�=BHC�H<9�D5H=9BH�G�D5B7F95H=7 69H5 79@@G�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� )D9B=B;�C:�JC@H5;9 ;5H98�75@7=IA�7<5BB9@G

� �@CGIF9�C:�A9A6F5BCIG�DCH5GG=IA�7<5BB9@G

� !9B9F5H=CB�C:�589BCG=B9�HF=D<CGD<5H9

#B7F95G98�9LDF9GG=CB�C:�<9LC?=B5G9�#

A,(�

� �9DC@5F=N5H=CB�C:�69H5 79@@�A9A6F5B9

�LC7MHCG=G�C:�=BGI@=B�;F5BI@9G

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G�GH9D�=G�B979GG5FM�HC�9B56@9�H<9�G5A9�DFC79GG�H<5H�C77IFG�5:H9F�58A=B=GHF5H=CB�C: GI@:CBM@IF95G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �9.7270�8/�>85<*0.�0*<.-�,*5,2=6�,1*77.5;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

)D9B=B;�C:�JC@H5;9 ;5H98�75@7=IA�7<5BB9@G�=B X 79@@ A9A6F5B9G�=G�5B�=ADCFH5BH�GH9D�=B =BGI@=B


F9@95G9��<CK9J9F��G9J9F5@�CH<9F�GH9DG�<5J9�HC�C77IF�69:CF9�H<=G�75B�<5DD9B�

��� �58;=:.�8/�6.6+:*78=;�98<*;;2=6�,1*77.5;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�@CGIF9�C:�A9A6F5BCIG�DCH5GG=IA�7<5BB9@G�=G�5B�=ADCFH5BH�GH9D�=B =BGI@=B F9@95G9��.<=G�=G�IG98�=B


8=569H9G H<9F5DM�K=H< GI@:CBM@IF95G 5B8 A9;@=H=B=89G��K<=7<�=B7F95G9 =BGI@=B F9@95G9�6M�6=B8=B;�HC
5B8�7@CG=B;�A9A6F5BCIG�DCH5GG=IA�7<5BB9@G��"CK9J9F��5BCH<9F�GH9D�<5G�HC�C77IF�69:CF9�DCH5GG=IA
7<5BB9@G�75B�7@CG9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.7.:*<287�8/�*-.78;27.�<:2918;91*<.

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

/DCB�9BHFM�=BHC D5B7F95H=7 69H5 79@@G��;@I7CG9�=G D<CGD<CFM@5H98 HC ;@I7CG9 � D<CGD<5H9 6M


;@I7C?=B5G9��.<=G�=G�H<9�:=FGH�GH9D�C: ;@M7C@MG=G��K<=7<�;9B9F5H9G DMFIJ5H9 5B8 589BCG=B9�HF=D<CGD<5H9
��.*���.<9�;9B9F5H=CB�C: �.* 75IG9G �.* G9BG=H=J9�DCH5GG=IA�=CB�7<5BB9@G�HC�7@CG9��@958=B;�HC
A9A6F5B9 89DC@5F=N5H=CB��.<=G 89DC@5F=N5H=CB CD9BG�JC@H5;9 ;5H98�75@7=IA�7<5BB9@G��5@@CK=B;
75@7=IA�=CBG HC�8=::IG9�=BHC�H<9�79@@�8CKB�H<9=F�7CB79BHF5H=CB�;F58=9BH��.<9�9BH9F=B; 75@7=IA�=CBG
75IG9�H<9�F9@95G9�C: =BGI@=B �5@CB;�K=H< � D9DH=89��6M�9LC7MHCG=G�

��� �7,:.*;.-�.@9:.;;287�8/�1.@8427*;.���6"��

�@95*7*<287�'1A

"9LC?=B5G9G�5F9�9BNMA9G�H<5H�7CBJ9FH�;@I7CG9�HC ;@I7CG9�� D<CGD<5H9��K<=7<�=G�H<9�:=FGH�GH9D�C:

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
;@M7C@MG=G��"9LC?=B5G9G�#��##��5B8�###�<5J9�5�<=;<�5::=B=HM�:CF�;@I7CG9�5B8�5F9�9LDF9GG98�=B�5@@�H=GGI9G
H<5H�IG9 ;@M7C@MG=G :CF�;9B9F5H=CB�C:�9B9F;M��9J9B�K<9B�;@I7CG9�@9J9@G�5F9�@CK��"CK9J9F��H<9 @=J9F
5B8 D5B7F95H=7 X 79@@G D@5M�5�GD97=5@�FC@9�=B ;@I7CG9�A9H56C@=GA��5G =BGI@=B G97F9H=CB��X 79@@G���5B8
;@I7CG9�GHCF5;9��@=J9F��CB@M�C77IF�5H�<=;<�;@I7CG9�@9J9@G��#BGH958�C:�<=;<9F 5::=B=HM�<9LC?=B5G9G�
<9D5HC7MH9G 5B8 D5B7F95H=7 X 79@@G 9LDF9GG <9LC?=B5G9�#0 �;@I7C?=B5G9���K<=7<�<5G�5�@CK9F�5::=B=HM
HC�;@I7CG9�5B8�H<9F9:CF9�=G�CB@M�57H=J9�K<9B�;@I7CG9�@9J9@G�5F9�<=;<9F�

��� �.985*:2B*<287�8/�+.<*�,.55�6.6+:*7.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9DC@5F=N5H=CB C:�H<9 69H5 79@@ A9A6F5B9�=G�5B�=ADCFH5BH�GH9D�=B =BGI@=B F9@95G9��<CK9J9F��G9J9F5@


CH<9F�GH9DG�<5J9�HC�C77IF�69:CF9�H<=G�75B�<5DD9B�

��� �@8,A<8;2;�8/�27;=527�0:*7=5.;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�LC7MHCG=G�C: =BGI@=B ;F5BI@9G�=G�H<9�@5GH�GH9D�=B =BGI@=B G97F9H=CB��-9J9F5@�CH<9F�GH9DG�<5J9�HC�C77IF


69:CF9�H<=G�75B�<5DD9B�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

-=LH99B�<CIFG�5:H9F�89@=J9FM��5�B9K6CFB�89J9@CDG F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG��-<9�K5G�6CFB�5H ���K99?G�


;9GH5H=CB�K=H<�5�6=FH<�K9=;<H�C: �����; ���@6���CN���*F9;B5B7M�K5G�7CAD@=75H98�6M DC@M<M8F5AB=CG�
*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�H57<MDB95�5B8�6@I=G<�8=G7C@CF5H=CB�C:�H<9�9LHF9A=H=9G���IG7I@H5H=CB�C:�H<9
7<9GH�G<CKG�8=::IG9�7F57?@9G�=B�H<9�@IB;�:=9@8G�5B8�5 <5FG<�<C@CGMGHC@=7�AIFAIF�5H�H<9�@9:H�@CK9F�GH9FB5@
6CF89F���68CA=B5@ L F5M G<CKG 56G9B79�C:�6CK9@�;5G��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�69GH�9LD@5=BG�H<9
D5H<C;9B9G=G�C:�H<=G�B9K6CFB�G�7CB8=H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �9:97H�=B�H<9�D@9IFCD9F=HCB95@�A9A6F5B9

� �9@9H=CB�=B�H<9�@CB;�5FA�C:�7<FCACGCA9��

� �9:=7=9B7M�C:�D<CGD<5H=8M@7<C@=B9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

� �9:97H�=B�A9GC89FA5@�8=::9F9BH=5H=CB

� �6G9B79�C:�8MB9=B

�9@9H=CB�=B�H<9�@CB;�5FA�C:�7<FCACGCA9���

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G�D5H=9BH�G�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�G<CFH@M�5:H9F 6=FH<� 7M5BCG=G��5B8 7F57?@9G CB @IB;�5IG7I@H5H=CB 5F9


7CB79FB=B;�:CF�5B 5GD=F5H=CB D<9BCA9BCB��.<9�<5FG< <C@CGMGHC@=7�AIFAIF CJ9F�H<9�@9:H�@CK9F�GH9FB5@
6CF89F�=G�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�5 J9BHF=7I@5F�G9DH5@�89:97H� *C@M<M8F5AB=CG 8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M 5B8�@57?�C:
6CK9@�;5G�CB�=A5;=B;�5F9�GI;;9GH=J9�C:�5�8=5;BCG=G�C: 9GCD<5;95@�5HF9G=5�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �./.,<�27�<1.�95.=:89.:2<87.*5�6.6+:*7.

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��89:97H�=B�H<9 D@9IFCD9F=HCB95@�A9A6F5B9 =G�F9GDCBG=6@9�:CF 7CB;9B=H5@�8=5D<F5;A5H=7�<9FB=5


���"���K<=7<�75B�75IG9�:95HIF9G�C:�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�G<CFH@M�5:H9F 6=FH<��"CK9J9F��=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H<
��"��9L5A=B5H=CB�KCI@8�G<CK�8=A=B=G<98�CF�56G9BH�6F95H<�GCIB8G�=B�H<9�CB9 @IB; :=9@8��HMD=75@@M
H<9�@9:H��5B8�5 7<9GH�L F5M KCI@8�F9J95@�6CK@�@CCDG�=B�H<9 @IB; :=9@8�K=H<�8=A=B=G<98�6F95H<�GCIB8G�
.<9G9�:95HIF9G�5F9�BCH�F9DCFH98�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.5.<287�27�<1.�5870�*:6�8/�,1:868;86.��

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��A=7FC89@9H=CB�=B�H<9�@CB;�5FA�C: 7<FCACGCA9 ��=G�F9GDCBG=6@9�:CF 1=@@=5AG�GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�75B


A5B=:9GH�K=H<�5 GMGHC@=7 AIFAIF 8I9�HC GIDF5J5@JI@5F�5CFH=7�GH9BCG=G 5B8�:95HIF9G�C:�F9GD=F5HCFM
8=GHF9GG�8I9�HC <95FH�:5=@IF9��"CK9J9F��H<9 AIFAIF C: 5CFH=7�GH9BCG=G KCI@8�69�69GH�<95F8�5H�H<9�F=;<H
IDD9F�GH9FB5@�6CF89F��5CFH=7�5F95���5B8 <95FH�:5=@IF9 HMD=75@@M�C77IFG�8IF=B;�95F@M�7<=@8<CC8��BCH
8IF=B;�H<9�B9CB5H5@�D9F=C8��'CF9CJ9F��:95HIF9G�C: 9GCD<5;95@�5HF9G=5 GI7<�5G�56G9B79�C:�6CK9@�;5G
KCI@8�BCH�69�9LD97H98�5B8 9@:=B�:57=9G��K<=7<�=G�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�C: 1=@@=5AG�GMB8FCA9��<5G�BCH�699B
F9DCFH98�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �./2,2.7,A�8/�918;91*<2-A5,18527.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�97F95G98�D<CGD<5H=8M@7<C@=B9�DFC8I7H=CB�=G�7CAACB�=B DF9A5HIF9�=B:5BHG ������K99?G��5B8�75IG9G


B9CB5H5@�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�GMB8FCA9 �(,�-���"CK9J9F��H<=G =B:5BH K5G�6CFB�5H����K99?G��5H�K<=7<
DC=BH�<9F @IB;G <5J9�@=?9@M�F957<98�5�GI::=7=9BH�89;F99�C:�A5HIF5H=CB���88=H=CB5@@M��A5H9FB5@
DC@M<M8F5AB=CG��5�<5FG< <C@CGMGHC@=7�AIFAIF 5H�H<9 HF=7IGD=8�5F95��5B8�5�@57?�C:�6CK9@�;5G�CB
=A5;=B;�5F9�BCH�7<5F57H9F=GH=7�:95HIF9G�C: (,�-��#BGH958� (,�- =G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5 7CBH=BICIG
AIFAIF 69GH�<95F8�=B�H<9�=BH9FG75DI@5F�F9;=CB��8I9�HC�5 D5H9BH�8I7HIG�5FH9F=CGIG��5B8�CF�:95HIF9G�C:
B97FCH=N=B;�9BH9FC7C@=H=G CB�568CA=B5@ L F5M �9�;�� DB9IA5HCG=G�=BH9GH=B5@=G��:F99�5=F�=B�H<9�568CA9B��

��� �./.,<�27�6.;8-.:6*5�-2//.:.7<2*<287

�6*0.

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G�D5H=9BH�G GMADHCAG�C:�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG 5B8 5IG7I@H5HCFM :=B8=B;G�5F9�ACGH�@=?9@M�75IG98�6M�5B


5GD=F5H=CB��K<=7<�75B�C77IF�8I9�HC�5 HF57<9C9GCD<5;95@�:=GHI@5���CA6=B98�K=H< 9GCD<5;95@�5HF9G=5
5B8�5 J9BHF=7I@5F�G9DH5@�89:97H��H<9G9 A5@:CFA5H=CBG GI;;9GH�5 0��.�,&�5GGC7=5H=CB��K<=7<�=G
75IG98�6M�89:97H=J9�A9GC89FA5@�89J9@CDA9BH��)H<9F 0��.�,& :95HIF9G�=B7@I89 J9FH96F5@ 89:97HG�
5B5@�5HF9G=5��F9B5@�89:97HG��5B8�@=A6�89:97HG�

��� �+;.7,.�8/�-A7.27

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<9�56G9B79�C:�:IB7H=CB5@ 8MB9=B =G�F9GDCBG=6@9�:CF %5FH5;9B9F�GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�75B�75IG9


F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�8I9�HC &,.# 5G�5�F9GI@H�C:�=AD5=F98 AI7C7=@=5FM�7@95F5B79��"CK9J9F��H<9�CBG9H�C:
F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�=B�H<9�=AA98=5H9�DCGHB5H5@�D9F=C8��H<9�DF9G9B79�C:�5�<5FG< GMGHC@=7 AIFAIF 5H�H<9
@9:H�@CK9F�GH9FB5@�6CF89F��HF=7IGD=8�5F95���5B8�:95HIF9G�C: 9GCD<5;95@�5HF9G=5 GI7<�5G�56G9B79�C:�6CK9@
;5G�5F9�BCH�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< %5FH5;9B9F�GMB8FCA9��#BGH958��9L5A=B5H=CB�KCI@8�G<CK <95FH�GCIB8G
CJ9F�H<9�F=;<H�DF97CF8=IA�5G�5�F9GI@H�C: 89LHFC75F8=5 �G=HIG�=BJ9FGIG��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �.5.<287�27�<1.�5870�*:6�8/�,1:868;86.���

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�=!9CF;9�GMB8FCA9 75B�75IG9�5�<5FG< <C@CGMGHC@=7�AIFAIF 5H�H<9�@9:H�@CK9F�GH9FB5@�6CF89F�8I9�HC�5


J9BHF=7I@5F�G9DH5@�89:97H �5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�7CBCHFIB75@�5BCA5@=9G��5G�K9@@�5G�F9GD=F5HCFM�8=GHF9GG�5B8
7M5BCG=G��"CK9J9F��D5H=9BHG�K=H<��=!9CF;9�C:H9B�<5J9�8=GH=B7H=J9�:57=5@�:95HIF9G��9�;���5 7@9:H�@=D CF
D5@5H9��6FC58�B5G5@�6F=8;9��C7I@5F <MD9FH9@CF=GA� 8MGD@5GH=7 95FG� A=7FC;B5H<=5���'CF9CJ9F��H<9
56G9B79�C:�6CK9@�;5G�CB�=A5;=B;�=G�BCH�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< �=!9CF;9�GMB8FCA9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�=G�58A=HH98�HC�H<9�<CGD=H5@�:CF�57H=J9


@56CF��.<9�DF9;B5B7M�K5G�7CAD@=75H98�6M ;9GH5H=CB5@�8=569H9G 5B8�:9H5@�K9=;<H�=G�9GH=A5H98�HC�69�5H�H<9
��H< D9F79BH=@9 :CF�;9GH5H=CB5@�5;9���IF=B;�89@=J9FM��H<9F9�=G�5B�5FF9GH�=B�H<9�G97CB8�GH5;9�C:�@56CF��5B8�5
J57IIA 5GG=GH98 89@=J9FM =G�D9F:CFA98��*CGHD5FHIA�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5 H<=F8 89;F99 @579F5H=CB�=B�H<9
J5;=B5�9LH9B8=B;�=BHC�H<9�D9F=B9IA�5H�H<9 ��C�7@C7? DCG=H=CB��.<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�ACGH�@=?9@M�HC�9LD9F=9B79
K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�7CAD@=75H=CBG�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� /F;9�=B7CBH=B9B79

� 09G=7CJ5;=B5@�:=GHI@5

� 975@�=B7CBH=B9B79

� -A5@@�6CK9@�C6GHFI7H=CB

� -HF9GG�=B7CBH=B9B79

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

*F9;B5B7=9G :95HIF=B;�A5H9FB5@ ;9GH5H=CB5@�8=569H9G 5B8�:9H5@ A57FCGCA=5 DCG9�5B�=B7F95G98�F=G?�C:


C6GH9HF=7�7CAD@=75H=CBG��� �F8 89;F99 D9F=B95@�@579F5H=CB =BJC@J9G�H<9�GHFI7HIF9G�899D�HC�H<9�D9F=B9IA
5B8�AIG7@9G�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� %:0.�27,87<27.7,.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

/F;9�=B7CBH=B9B79 ACGH�C:H9B�F9GI@HG�:FCA 89HFIGCF�AIG7@9 <MD9F57H=J=HM��.<=G�=G�5�7CAACB�7CB79FB


=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H< AI@H=D@9�G7@9FCG=G CF�H<CG9�K=H<�IF=B5FM�75H<9H9FG�=B�D@579� *9F=B95@�@579F5H=CBG�
<CK9J9F��5F9�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C: IF;9�=B7CBH=B9B79�

��� &.;2,8>*027*5�/2;<=5*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

CFA5H=CB�C:�5 J9G=7CJ5;=B5@�:=GHI@5 ACGH�7CAACB@M�C77IFG�5:H9F�D9@J=7�CD9F5H=CBG�GI7<�5G


<MGH9F97HCAM��6IH�=G�BCH�5�7CAD@=75H=CB�C:�H<=F8 89;F99 D9F=B95@�@579F5H=CBG��5G�G99B�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�
.<=G�KCA5B�G�@579F5H=CB�9LH9B898�=B�H<9���C�7@C7?�8=F97H=CB��=�9���5K5M�:FCA�H<9 6@5889F���A5?=B;�=H
9J9B�@9GG�@=?9@M�HC�75IG9�5 J9G=7CJ5;=B5@�:=GHI@5�

��� �.,*5�27,87<27.7,.

�@95*7*<287��=<

)D9F5H=J9�89@=J9FM��=�9���H<9�IG9�C:�:CF79DG�CF�J57IIA�5GG=GH5B79��5B8�:9H5@ A57FCGCA=5 5F9�H<9 F=G?


:57HCFG :CF�H<=F8 89;F99 D9F=B95@�H95FG�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

975@�=B7CBH=B9B79�=G�5�7CAACB�7CAD@=75H=CB�C:�H<=F8 89;F99 D9F=B95@�@579F5H=CBG��K<=7<�9LH9B8


H<FCI;<�H<9 G?=B��J5;=B5@ AI7CG5��GI67IH5B9CIG�H=GGI9G��H<9 9LH9FB5@�5B5@�GD<=B7H9F 5B8��=B�ACF9
G9J9F9�75G9G��H<9 =BH9FB5@�5B5@�GD<=B7H9F���=GFIDH=CB�C:�H<9�5B5@�GD<=B7H9F�DIHG�H<=G�D5H=9BH�5H�F=G?�:CF
H<=G�7CAD@=75H=CB���J9B�K=H<�589EI5H9�F9D5=F�5H�H<9�H=A9�C:�89@=J9FM��H<=G�D5H=9BH�A5M�GH=@@�<5J9
D9FG=GH9BH�5BCF97H5@�7CB79FBG��9�;���=BJC@IBH5FM�@95?5;9�C:�:@5HIG�CF�GHCC@��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� #6*55�+8?.5�8+;<:=,<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-A5@@�6CK9@�C6GHFI7H=CB =G�5�J9FM�F5F9�7CAD@=75H=CB�C: DF9;B5B7M��#H�=G�ACF9�GHFCB;@M�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<


568CA=B5@�GIF;9FM�5B8�=BHF5568CA=B5@�58<9G=CB�:CFA5H=CB��.<=G�KCA5B�G D9F=B95@�@579F5H=CB KCI@8
BCH�75IG9 GA5@@�6CK9@�C6GHFI7H=CB�

��� #<:.;;�27,87<27.7,.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-HF9GG�=B7CBH=B9B79 =G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�AI@H=D@9�7<=@86=FH<G�5B8 D9@J=7�:@CCF K95?B9GG��6IH�=H�=G�BCH�5


7CAD@=75H=CB�C: D9F=B95@�H95FG��'I@H=D@9�J5;=B5@�89@=J9F=9G�5F9�5B�=ADCFH5BH F=G?�:57HCF :CF�DCGHD5FHIA
IF=B5FM�=B7CBH=B9B79 8I9�HC�9L79GG=J9�H9BG=CB�CB�H<9 6@5889F :FCA�H<9�;F5J=8 IH9FIG��K<=7<�75B�@958
HC�IF9H<F5@�<MD9FAC6=@=HM�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

.<=FHM�A=BIH9G 5:H9F�J5;=B5@�89@=J9FM C:�5 ���� ; �� @6�� CN� B9K6CFB�5H�H9FA��5 �� M95F C@8 KCA5B�
;F5J=85��� D5F5����<5G <95JM�J5;=B5@�6@998=B;��"9F�DF9;B5B7M�K5G�7CAD@=75H98�6M DF9 97@5ADG=5��"9F
DI@G9�=G ����A=B 5B8�6@CC8�DF9GGIF9�=G ������AA�";��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5 :IB85@�<9=;<H
��=B7<9G 69@CK�H<9�L=D<C=8�DFC79GG�C:�H<9�GH9FBIA����8FI;�K=H<�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�A97<5B=GAG�C:
57H=CB�=G�ACGH�5DDFCDF=5H9�:CF�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

�7;?.: �6*0.

#B<=6=H=CB�C:
� BCF9D=B9D<F=B9
F9IDH5?9

�7H=J5H=CB�C:

D<CGD<C@=D5G9��

�9DC@5F=N5H=CB�C:

H<9�ACHCF�9B8�D@5H9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

#B7F95G98�GMBH<9G=G

C:�7M7@=7��'*

�=B8=B;�HC
� DFCGH5;@5B8=B�#�
F979DHCFG

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G�D5H=9BH�G�89J9@CDA9BH�C: H57<M75F8=5 5B8 <MDCH9BG=CB =B�7CA6=B5H=CB�K=H<�5 IH9FIG H<5H�<5G�BCH


7CBHF57H98�G<CFH@M�5:H9F 7<=@86=FH< =G�<=;<@M�=B8=75H=J9�C: DCGHD5FHIA�<9ACFF<5;9 �**"��8I9�HC IH9F=B9
5HCBM�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �712+2<287�8/�78:.927.91:27.�:.=9<*4.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B<=6=H=CB�C: BCF9D=B9D<F=B9 F9IDH5?9��K<=7<�C77IFG�K=H<�58A=B=GHF5H=CB�C: -(,#G� HF=7M7@=7


5BH=89DF9GG5BHG� 6IDFCD=CB� 5AD<9H5A=B9��5B8 7C75=B9��75B�@958�HC J5GC7CBGHF=7H=CB���@H<CI;<�5
J5GC7CBGHF=7H=J9�9::97H�KCI@8�69�<9@D:I@�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�HC�7CIBH9F57H�<9F <MDCH9BG=CB� BCF9D=B9D<F=B9
8C9G�BCH�<5J9�G=;B=:=75BH�IH9FCHCB=7�9::97HG��#H�KCI@8��H<9F9:CF9��69�C:�@=A=H98�69B9:=H�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�
5G�=H�:5=@G�HC�F9GC@J9�H<9�IB89F@M=B;�DFC6@9A��K<=7<�=G IH9F=B9�5HCBM�

��� �,<2>*<287�8/�918;918529*;.��

�6*0.

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�@95*7*<287�'1A

)LMHC7=B��K<=7<�6=B8G�HC�5 !E DFCH9=B 7CID@98�F979DHCF CB�IH9F=B9 GACCH<�AIG7@9��=G�H<9�:=FGH @=B9


8FI;�:CF�HF95H=B; **" 8I9�HC IH9F=B9�5HCBM���7H=J5H=CB�C:�H<9 CLMHC7=B F979DHCFG�57H=J5H9G
D<CGD<C@=D5G9����K<=7<�7@95J9G A9A6F5B9�D<CGD<C@=D=8G =BHC #*� 5B8 ��!� #*� 6=B8G�HC�=CB
7<5BB9@G�C:�H<9 9B8CD@5GA=7�F9H=7I@IA��F9@95G=B;�75@7=IA�:FCA�H<9 9B8CD@5GA=7�F9H=7I@IA =BHC�H<9
7MHCGC@���5@7=IA�6=B8�HC 75@AC8I@=B 5B8�57H=J5H9G AMCG=B�@=;<H�7<5=B�?=B5G9��K<=7<�75IG9G�H<9
7CBHF57H=CB�C: GACCH<�AIG7@9��#B�H<9 IH9FIG��H<9�6@CC8�J9GG9@G�5F9�5FF5B;98�69HK99B�=BH9F@57=B;
AIG7@9�:=69FG���CBHF57H=CB�C:�H<9G9�:=69FG�KCI@8�7CBGHF=7H�H<9�6@CC8�J9GG9@�5B8�9::97H=J9@M�897F95G9
IH9F=B9�6@998=B;�

��� �.985*:2B*<287�8/�<1.�68<8:�.7-�95*<.

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9DC@5F=N5H=CB C:�H<9 ACHCF�9B8�D@5H9 C77IFG�=B�F9GDCBG9�HC�H<9�6=B8=B;�C: 579HM@7<C@=B9 F9@95G98


:FCA�ACHCF B9IFCBG CF�6=B8=B;�C:�89DC@5F=N=B;�B9IFCAIG7I@5F�6@C7?=B;�5;9BHG��9�;� GI77=BM@7<C@=B9��
"CK9J9F��H<9�AIG7I@5F�@5M9F�C:�H<9 IH9FIG =G�BCH�7CADCG98�C: G?9@9H5@�AIG7@9��6IH GACCH<�AIG7@9�
K<=7<�8C9G�BCH�<5J9�5 ACHCF�9B8�D@5H9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �7,:.*;.-�;A7<1.;2;�8/�,A,52,���

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B7F95G98�GMBH<9G=G�C: 7�'* C77IFG�=B�F9GDCBG9�HC !G DFCH9=B GH=AI@5H=CB��.<=G�79@@I@5F�D5H<K5M�=G


57H=J5H98�6M X 5;CB=GHG GI7<�5G H9F6IH5@=B9 5B8 :9BCH9FC@��K<=7<�5F9�IG98�:CF HC7C@MG=G :CF DF9H9FA
7CBHF57H=CBG��.<=G�D5H=9BH�<5G�5@F958M�89@=J9F98�<9F�656M�G5:9@M�6IH�=G�BCK�GIGH5=B=B;�GI6GH5BH=5@
6@CC8�@CGG�8I9�HC IH9F=B9�5HCBM���8A=B=GH9F=B; X 5;CB=GHG KCI@8�DFCACH9�IH9F=B9�F9@5L5H=CB��K<=7<
KCI@8�5;;F5J5H9�<9F�GMADHCAG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �27-270�<8�9:8;<*05*7-27��� :.,.9<8:;

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�B5@C;G�C: DFCGH5;@5B8=B��� �9�;�� 8=BCDFCGHCB9��5B8 DFCGH5;@5B8=B� �U �9�;�� 75F6CDFCGH��=B7F95G9


IH9F=B9�HCB9�5B8�75B�69�IG98�5G�58>IB7HG�=B�H<9�HF95HA9BH�C: DCGHD5FHIA�<9ACFF<5;9��"CK9J9F�
6=B8=B;�HC DFCGH5;@5B8=B�#� �DFCGH57M7@=B��F979DHCFG�@958G�HC J5GC8=@5H=CB 5B8�897F95G98 D@5H9@9H
5;;F9;5H=CB��K<=7<�5F9�IB89G=F56@9�=B�H<=G�6@998=B;�D5H=9BH� *!#� 5B5@C;G�GI7<�5G 9DCDFCGH9BC@ 5B8
=@CDFCGH 5F9�HMD=75@@M�IG98�HC�HF95H DI@ACB5FM�5FH9F=5@�<MD9FH9BG=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B�7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�6975IG9�C:�:5H=;I9��6F95GH�H9B89FB9GG��=B7F95G98�IF=B5FM


:F9EI9B7M��5B8�=BH9FA=HH9BH�B5IG95�:CF ��K99?G��"9F�@5GH�A9BGHFI5@�D9F=C8�K5G ��K99?G 5;C��-<9�<5G�5
<=GHCFM�C:�5�G9=NIF9�8=GCF89F�HF95H98�K=H< 75F65A5N9D=B9��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�BC�56BCFA5@=H=9G�
� IF=B9�DF9;B5B7M�H9GH�=G�DCG=H=J9��.<9�7<=@8�=G�5H�;F95H9GH�F=G?�C:�89J9@CD=B;�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;
7CAD@=75H=CBG�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� ,9B5@�8MGD@5G=5

� '9B=B;C79@9

� .99H<�8=G7C@CF5H=CB

� -9BGCF=B9IF5@�<95F=B;�@CGG

� 05;=B5@�7@95F�79@@�75F7=BCA5

&=A6�A5@:CFA5H=CB

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

.F=7IGD=7�J5@J9
!
8=GD@579A9BH

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

�5F65A5N9D=B9 =BH5?9�=G�?BCKB�HC�=B<=6=H :C@5H9 56GCFDH=CB�=B�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� ".7*5�-A;95*;2*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

0=G79F5@ A5@:CFA5H=CBG GI7<�5G�:9H5@ F9B5@�8MGD@5G=5 5F9�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�H<9�IG9�C: ����=B<=6=HCFG


8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��D5FH=7I@5F@M�=:�H<=G�IG9�C77IFG�8IF=B;�H<9�G97CB8�5B8�H<=F8�HF=A9GH9FG�
�5F65A5N9D=B9 IG9��<CK9J9F��=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5B�=B7F95G98�F=G?�C: F9B5@�8MGD@5G=5�

��� �.72708,.5.

�6*0.

�@95*7*<287��=<

.<9F9�=G�BC 5BH=9D=@9DH=7�8FI; H<5H�=G�BCH H9F5HC;9B=7��#:�5�DF9;B5BH�KCA5B��CF�5�KCA5B�K=G<=B;�HC


7CB79=J9��F9EI=F9G�5BH=G9=NIF9�HF95HA9BH��5B�5;9BH�G<CI@8�69�7<CG9B�H<5H�7CBHFC@G G9=NIF9G 5B8�=G

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
HC@9F5H98�K9@@�6M�H<9�ACH<9F�5H�H<9�@CK9GH�9::97H=J9�8CG9� 05@DFC5H9��<CK9J9F��G<CI@8�;9B9F5@@M�69
5JC=898�=B DF9;B5B7M�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

(9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG��GI7<�5G A9B=B;C79@9��5F9�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< 75F65A5N9D=B9 =BH5?9�8IF=B;


DF9;B5B7M 8I9�HC�A5H9FB5@ :C@5H9�89:=7=9B7M� �5F65A5N9D=B9 75B�F9GI@H�=B�A5H9FB5@ :C@5H9�89:=7=9B7M�
K<=7<�DF9J9BHG�DFCD9F�7@CGIF9�C:�H<9 B9IF5@�D@5H9 =B�H<9�9A6FMC�8IF=B;�H<9�:CIFH<�K99?�C: DF9;B5B7M�
'CGH�7CAACB@M��H<9 75I85@ 9B8�C:�H<9 B9IF5@�HI69 =G�5::97H98��K<=7<�F9GI@HG�=B GD=B5�6=:=85�
�5F65A5N9D=B9 A5M�5@GC�75IG9�89J9@CDA9BH5@�89@5M� 7@9:H�D5@5H9��G?9@9H5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G��9�;���:=B;9F
<MDCD@5G=5���5B8�75F8=CJ5G7I@5F�56BCFA5@=H=9G���@@�KCA9B�G<CI@8�F979=J9 :C@5H9�GIDD@9A9BH5H=CB
8IF=B;�DF9;B5B7M��D5FH=7I@5F@M�K<9B�F979=J=B;�5 :C@5H9 5BH5;CB=GH�

��� $..<1�-2;,858:*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.99H< 8=G7C@CF5H=CB�=G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< H9HF57M7@=B9 �9�;�� 8CLM7M7@=B9��=BH5?9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M�


.9HF57M7@=B9G 89DCG=H�=B�H<9�6I8G�C:�89J9@CD=B; H99H<��5B8�H<=G�75B�75IG9�G=;B=:=75BH�5B8�D9FG=GH9BH
M9@@CK 6FCKB=G<�8=G7C@CF5H=CB�C:�H<9 H99H<� �5F65A5N9D=B9 8C9G�BCH�89DCG=H�=B�H<9 H99H<�

��� #.7;8:27.=:*5�1.*:270�58;;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-9BGCF=B9IF5@�<95F=B;�@CGG A5M�C77IF�=B�5�7<=@8�K<CG9�ACH<9F�HCC? 5A=BC;@M7CG=89G �9�;��


;9BH5A=7=B��8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��K<=7<�75B�85A5;9�H<9 J9GH=6I@C7C7<@95F�B9FJ9 ��(�0###��
�5F65A5N9D=B9 IG9��<CK9J9F��=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�5B�=B7F95G98�F=G?�C: <95F=B;�@CGG�

��� &*027*5�,5.*:�,.55�,*:,2786*

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�@95F�79@@ 75F7=BCA5�C:�H<9�79FJ=L 5B8 J5;=B5 =G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< 8=9H<M@GH=@69GHFC@ ���-��=BH5?9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M���@H<CI;<�KCA9B�9LDCG98�HC ��- =B�IH9FC�8C�BCH�89J9@CD�H<=G HIACF IBH=@�5FCIB8
���M95FG�C:�5;9��56BCFA5@=H=9G�C:�H<9�F9DFC8I7H=J9�HF57H��9�;�� IH9F=B9�<MDCD@5G=5��A5M�5@F958M�69
DF9G9BH�5H 6=FH<���G�H<9�IG9�C:���-�=B�DF9;B5BH�KCA9B�=G�ACGH@M�8=G7CBH=BI98��H<9 =B7=89B79 C: 7@95F
79@@ 75F7=BCA5�C:�H<9�79FJ=L 5B8 J5;=B5 =G�=B�897@=B9� �5F65A5N9D=B9 IG9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��<CK9J9F�
=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�75B79F�

��� �26+�6*5/8:6*<287

�@95*7*<287�'1A

&=A6 A5@:CFA5H=CB =G�7CAACB�=B H<5@=8CA=89�9A6FMCD5H<M��5�7CB8=H=CB�H<5H�=G�75IG98�6M�A5H9FB5@


H<5@=8CA=89 IG9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��#H�75B�75IG9 D<C7CA9@=5 5B8�CF�A=7FCA9@=5���@H<CI;<
75F65A5N9D=B9 IG9�75B�75IG9�A=BCF�G?9@9H5@�5BCA5@=9G��GI7<�5G�:=B;9F <MDCD@5G=5 5B8�:57=5@
8MGACFD<=GA��@=A6 A5@:CFA5H=CBG 5F9�IB7CAACB�

��� $:2,=;92,�>*5>.�-2;95*,.6.7<

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.F=7IGD=7�J5@J9�8=GD@579A9BH�=G�5�:=B8=B;�=B �6GH9=B�5BCA5@M��K<=7<�A5M�69�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�DF9B5H5@
@=H<=IA 9LDCGIF9� �5F65A5N9D=B9 IG9��<CK9J9F��=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< �6GH9=B�5BCA5@M�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

��GH=@@6CFB�=B:5BH�=G�89@=J9F98�5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB�HC�5 �� M95F C@8 KCA5B��.<9�ACH<9F�<58�BC


DF9B5H5@�75F9���L5A=B5H=CB�C:�H<9�GH=@@6CFB�G<CKG�5 GA5@@�D9@J=G� G<5@@CK�=BH9F;@IH95@�7@9:H��5B8 7@I6�:99H�
�B L F5M G<CKG�H<9 56G9B79�C:�H<9�G57FIA�5B8�@IA65F�J9FH96F59��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�GHFCB;9GH
DF98=GDCG=B;�:57HCF�:CF�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�7CB8=H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� '5H9FB5@�C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG

� #BHF5IH9F=B9�D<9BMHC=B�9LDCGIF9

� #BHF5IH9F=B9�5@7C<C@�9LDCGIF9

� �<FCACGCA9����HF=GCAM

� '5H9FB5@�8=569H9G�A9@@=HIG

�<FCACGCA9����HF=GCAM

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G GH=@@6CFB =B:5BH <5G�5�G57F5@�89:CFA=HM��5�GA5@@ D9@J=G��5B8�5�7CB;9B=H5@ :CCH�89:CFA=HM��.<=G


DF9G9BH5H=CB�=G�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H< 75I85@�F9;F9GG=CB�GMB8FCA9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �*<.:7*5�852081A-:*6728;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

'5H9FB5@ C@=;C<M8F5AB=CG =G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< *CHH9F�G9EI9B79��K<=7<�75B�F9GI@H�=B�7@I6�:99H�


"CK9J9F� *CHH9F�G9EI9B79 8C9G�BCH�HMD=75@@M�F9GI@H�=B�@IA6CG57F5@ 5;9B9G=G CF�D9@J=7 <MDCD@5G=5�
#BGH958� DI@ACB5FM�<MDCD@5G=5 5B8�CH<9F�7F5B=C:57=5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G�GI7<�5G�@CK G9H�95FG�
F9HFC;B5H<=5��5B8�5�:@5HH9B98�BCG9�KCI@8�69�9LD97H98�

��� �7<:*=<.:27.�91.7A<827�.@98;=:.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

9H5@�<M85BHC=B�GMB8FCA9 A5M�C77IF�5G�5�F9GI@H�C:�=BHF5IH9F=B9 D<9BMHC=B 9LDCGIF9��.<=G�7CB8=H=CB�=G


BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�@IA6CG57F5@ 5;9B9G=G CF�D9@J=7 <MDCD@5G=5��#BGH958��=H�DF9G9BHG�K=H< B9IF5@�HI69
89:97HG� A=7FC79D<5@M��7F5B=C:57=5@�89:97HG��9�;�� 7@9:H�@=D�D5@5H9���5B8 <MDCD@5GH=7 B5=@G�

��� �7<:*=<.:27.�*5,8185�.@98;=:.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#BHF5IH9F=B9�5@7C<C@�9LDCGIF9�75B�F9GI@H�=B :9H5@�5@7C<C@�GMB8FCA9��K<=7<�DF9G9BHG�K=H<�:95HIF9G�GI7<
5G A=7FC79D<5@M��5�GACCH< D<=@HFIA��H<=B J9FA=@@=CB�6CF89F��GA5@@ D5@D96F5@�:=GGIF9G��5B8�7CB;9B=H5@
<=D 8=G@C75H=CB��.<=G�7CB8=H=CB�=G�BCH�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�@IA6CG57F5@ 5;9B9G=G CF�D9@J=7 <MDCD@5G=5�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �1:868;86.� ��<:2;86A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.F=GCAM��� �*5H5I�GMB8FCA9��75B�F9GI@H�=B�7@I6�:99H��"CK9J9F��5::97H98 =B:5BHG 8C�BCH�HMD=75@@M�<5J9


@IA6CG57F5@ 5;9B9G=G CF�D9@J=7 <MDCD@5G=5��#BGH958��CH<9F�:95HIF9G�GI7<�5G 7@9:H�@=D� 7@9:H�D5@5H9�
DC@M857HM@M� A=7FCD<H<5@A=5��5B8 7IH=G�5D@5G=5 KCI@8�69�9LD97H98�

��� �*<.:7*5�-2*+.<.;�6.552<=;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�5I85@�F9;F9GG=CB�GMB8FCA9 =G�GHFCB;@M�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�IB7CBHFC@@98 8=569H9G�A9@@=HIG 8IF=B;


DF9;B5B7M��.<9�9L57H�A97<5B=GA�8F=J=B;�H<=G�5GGC7=5H=CB��<CK9J9F��F9A5=BG�IB7@95F��)H<9F�:9H5@
5BCA5@=9G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�A5H9FB5@ 8=569H9G =B7@I89�7CB;9B=H5@ <95FH 8=G95G9��9�;�� 0-��
HF5BGDCG=H=CB�C:�;F95H�J9GG9@G�� 8IC89B5@�5HF9G=5� F9B5@�5;9B9G=G� 7@9:H�@=D�D5@5H9� A57FCGCA=5 CF
#/!,� DC@M7MH<9A=5� B9IF5@�HI69�89:97HG��5B8�HF5BG=9BH B9CB5H5@�<MDC;@M79A=5�

��� �1:868;86.� ��<:2;86A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.F=GCAM��� ��8K5F8�GMB8FCA9��75B�F9GI@H�=B�7@I6�:99H��"CK9J9F��5::97H98 =B:5BHG 8C�BCH�HMD=75@@M


<5J9�@IA6CG57F5@ 5;9B9G=G CF�D9@J=7 <MDCD@5G=5�� IFH<9FACF9��H<=G =B:5BH @57?G�CH<9F�7<5F57H9F=GH=7
:95HIF9G�C: HF=GCAM�����GI7<�5G�@CK G9H�95FG� A=7FC;B5H<=5��5�DFCA=B9BH�C77=DIH��5B8�7@9B7<98�:=GHG
K=H<�CJ9F@5DD=B;�:=B;9FG�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

)B9�85M�5:H9F�89@=J9FM��5B��:F=75B��A9F=75B�:9A5@9�B9K6CFB�89J9@CDG�M9@@CK�8=G7C@CF5H=CB�C:�H<9�9M9G�
-<9�K5G�6CFB�5H�H9FA�J=5�IB7CAD@=75H98�J5;=B5@�89@=J9FM�5B8�K9=;<98 ����?; ���@6���CN���"9F�ACH<9F�8=8
BCH�F979=J9�DF9B5H5@�75F9���L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG G7@9F5@�=7H9FIG�5B8�A=@8�<9D5HCGD@9BCA9;5@M��&56CF5HCFM
GHI8=9G�G<CK�

"9AC;@C6=B �����A;�8&

,9H=7I@C7MH9G ����

'5H9FB5@�6@CC8�;FCID ���,< B9;5H=J9

�BH= ,< 5BH=6C8M�H=H9F DCG=H=J9

9H5@�6@CC8�;FCID ���,< B9;5H=J9

-9FIA

�=@=FI6=B��HCH5@ ����A;�8&

�=F97H ����A;�8&

1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�@=?9@M�75IG9�C:�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�7CB8=H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� 0=F5@�=B:=@HF5H=CB�C:�H<9�6CB9�A5FFCK

� *C@MA9F=N5H=CB�C:�89CLM;9B5H98�<9AC;@C6=B

� �HF9G=5�C:�H<9�6=@5FM�HF57H

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

� #AD5=F98�F9;9B9F5H=CB�C:�F98I798�;@IH5H<=CB9

� .F5BG:9F�C:��BH= ��5BH=6C8=9G

�=B8=B;�C:�,<9GIG�=AAIB9�;@C6I@=BG

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

.<=G B9K6CFB DF9G9BHG�K=H< >5IB8=79� <9D5HCGD@9BCA9;5@M� =B8=F97H�<MD9F6=@=FI6=B9A=5��5B8


F9H=7I@C7MHCG=G��=B8=75H=B;�5 <9AC@MH=7 DFC79GG��#B�H<=G�D5H=9BH��5 8=F97H��CCA6G�H9GH KCI@8�@=?9@M
89ACBGHF5H9�K95?�5;;@IH=B5H=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� &2:*5�27/25<:*<287�8/�<1.�+87.�6*::8?

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B:=@HF5H=CB�C: 9FMH<FC=8�DFC;9B=HCF�79@@G =B�H<9 6CB9�A5FFCK 6M D5FJCJ=FIG���� @958G�HC�GIDDF9GG=CB


C: 9FMH<FCDC=9G=G��#B�D5H=9BHG�K=H<�DF99L=GH=B;�<9A5HC@C;=7�56BCFA5@=H=9G��GI7<�5G G=7?@9�79@@�8=G95G9
CF H<5@5GG9A=5��H<=G�75B�F9GI@H�=B F98�79@@�5D@5G=5 5B8 HF5BG=9BH�5D@5GH=7�7F=G=G K=H<�G9J9F9 5B9A=5�
"CK9J9F��=B 5D@5GH=7�7F=G=G��H<9 F9H=7I@C7MH9�7CIBH KCI@8�69�@CK��K<9F95G�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�9@9J5H98
F9H=7I@C7MH9G =B8=75H9�5DDFCDF=5H9 6CB9�A5FFCK F9GDCBG9��'CF9CJ9F��5B 5D@5GH=7�7F=G=G KCI@8�BCH�69
9LD97H98�HC�75IG9 =B8=F97H�<MD9F6=@=FI6=B9A=5�

��� 85A6.:2B*<287�8/�-.8@A0.7*<.-�1.68058+27

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*C@MA9F=N5H=CB�C: 89CLM;9B5H98�<9AC;@C6=B F9GI@H=B;�=B�G=7?@9 G<5D98 9FMH<FC7MH9G =G�7<5F57H9F=GH=7


:CF G=7?@9�79@@�5B9A=5��:CF�K<=7<�H<=G�D5H=9BH�=G�5H�F=G?��;=J9B�<9F��:F=75B��A9F=75B�89G79BH��"CK9J9F�
G=7?@9�79@@�5B9A=5 ;9B9F5@@M�8C9G�BCH�697CA9�GMADHCA5H=7�IBH=@�5DDFCL����ACBH<G�C:�5;9�K<9B
<9AC;@C6=B� �"6 ��DFC8I7H=CB�897F95G9G�5B8 <9AC;@C6=B�- �"6-��DFC8I7H=CB�69;=BG�

��� �<:.;2*�8/�<1.�+25*:A�<:*,<

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�=@=5FM�5HF9G=5 A5M�DF9G9BH�K=H< >5IB8=79 5B8 <9D5HCA9;5@M K=H<=B�H<9�:=FGH�:9K�85MG�HC�K99?G�C:


@=:9���88=H=CB5@�:95HIF9G�=B7@I89�57<C@=7�GHCC@G�5B8�85F? IF=B9��K<=7<�5F9�BCH�G99B�<9F9��'CF9
=ADCFH5BH@M��8I9�HC�H<9�657?ID�5B8�F956GCFDH=CB�C: 7CB>I;5H98�6=@=FI6=B��8=F97H�F5H<9F�H<5B =B8=F97H
<MD9F6=@=FI6=B9A=5 KCI@8�69�9LD97H98�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �69*2:.-�:.0.7.:*<287�8/�:.-=,.-�05=<*<1287.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#AD5=F98 F9;9B9F5H=CB C: F98I798�;@IH5H<=CB9 8I9�HC�89:=7=9B7M�C: ;@I7CG9 � D<CGD<5H9


89<M8FC;9B5G9 �!�*���=B ,��G =G�H<9�D5H<CA97<5B=GA�C: !�*��89:=7=9B7M��#H�=G�ACGH�7CAACB�=B
A5@9�=B8=J=8I5@G�C:��:F=75B��'98=H9FF5B95B��5B8��G=5B�89G79BH��-9J9F9 !�*��89:=7=9B7M A5M�DF9G9BH
K=H< 5B9A=5� >5IB8=79��5B8 GD@9BCA9;5@M =B B9CB5H9G��"CK9J9F��GMADHCAG�IGI5@@M�8C�BCH�C77IF�H=@@
85M��Q��5:H9F 6=FH<��.<9F9:CF9��5BCH<9F�8=5;BCG=G�=G�ACF9�@=?9@M�

��� $:*7;/.:�8/��7<2���*7<2+8-2.;

�@95*7*<287��=<

�G�:9H5@���5B8�� 5BH=;9BG 5F9�BCH�:I@@M�89J9@CD98�5H 6=FH<��5 8=F97H��CCA6G�H9GH =G�IGI5@@M�CB@M


K95?@M�DCG=H=J9��89ACBGHF5H=B;�5�D5FH=5@�=AAIB9�F957H=CB�5;5=BGH�H<9 ,��G C:�H<9 =B:5BH�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��)�=B7CAD5H=6=@=HM =G�5�F9@5H=J9@M�7CAACB�75IG9�C: <9AC@MH=7�8=G95G9�C:�H<9�B9K6CFB 5B8�75B


C77IF�9J9B�8IF=B;�H<9�:=FGH DF9;B5B7M���BH= ��5B8�5BH= � 5BH=6C8=9G 5F9�:CFA98�95F@M�=B�@=:9��K=H<CIH
DF=CF G9BG=H=N5H=CB �IB@=?9�5BH= ,< 5BH=6C8=9G��K<=7<�F9EI=F9�DF=CF�9LDCGIF9�HC ,< DCG=H=J9 6@CC8��
1<=@9�ACGH�C:�H<9G9 5BH=6C8=9G 5F9 #;'�5BH=6C8=9G H<5H�75BBCH�D5GG�H<9 D@579BH5��GCA9�5F9 #;!
5BH=6C8=9G H<5H�75B�9BH9F�=BHC :9H5@�7=F7I@5H=CB 8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M 5B8�A5M�F9GI@H�=B <9AC@MG=G K<9B
H<9 =B:5BH <5G���CF�� 5BH=;9BG��5G�G99B�<9F9��)B@M��Q����C: B9K6CFBG K=H< ��)�=B7CAD5H=6=@=HM
G<CK�GMADHCAG���@=B=75@�DF9G9BH5H=CB�=G�HMD=75@@M�A=@8��K=H< <MD9F6=@=FI6=B9A=5 89J9@CD=B;�K=H<=B
H<9�:=FGH����<CIFG�5:H9F 6=FH<��"CK9J9F� =B:5BHG C:��:F=75B��A9F=75B�89G79BH�5F9�IGI5@@M�ACF9
G9J9F9@M�5::97H98�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �27-270�8/�"1.;=;�266=7.�058+=527;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�=B8=B;�C:�A5H9FB5@�,<9GIG��,<� =AAIB9�;@C6I@=BG ��BH= � 5BH=6C8=9G��HC�:9H5@ ,<� 5BH=;9BG CB


,��G 75B�@958�HC�G9J9F9 <9AC@MG=G��#H�=G��:IFH<9FACF9��H<9�D5H<CA97<5B=GA�C: ,<�=B7CAD5H=6=@=HM��#B
B9K6CFBG 5::97H98�6M ,<�=B7CAD5H=6=@=HM��7@=B=75@�:=B8=B;G�75B�F5B;9�:FCA�A=@8 5B9A=5 5B8 >5IB8=79
HC�A5F?98 5B9A=5 =B�G9J9F9�75G9G��.<=G�7CAD@=75H=CB�C77IFG�=B ,< B9;5H=J9 ACH<9FG��K<C�<5J9
89J9@CD98�5BH= ,< 5BH=6C8=9G :FCA�9LDCGIF9�HC ,< DCG=H=J9 6@CC8��9�;���J=5�5�DF=CF DF9;B5B7M 5B8�CF
89@=J9FM���@H<CI;<�H<9�ACH<9F�<5G�89J9@CD98 5BH= � 5BH=6C8=9G 8I9�HC�DF9J=CIG�9LDCGIF9�HC ,<
DCG=H=J9 ,��G �5G�=G�9J=89BH�:FCA�<9F�DCG=H=J9�5BH= ,< 5BH=6C8M H=H9F���<9F�85I;<H9F�=G ,< B9;5H=J9
5B8�=G�H<9F9:CF9�BCH�5H�F=G?�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5��� 5H ���K99?GT ;9GH5H=CB��7CA9G�HC�H<9�9A9F;9B7M�89D5FHA9BH


6975IG9�C: D5=B�5B8�GK9@@=B;�=B�<9F�F=;<H�75@:��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5B�=B7F95G98�7=F7IA:9F9B79
C:�H<9�F=;<H�75@:��.<9 @9;�=G�K5FA�5B8�H9B89F�CB�D5@D5H=CB���CFG=:@9L=CB�C:�H<9�F=;<H�:CCH�9@=7=HG�75@:�D5=B�
�B�I@HF5GCIB8�C:�H<9�F=;<H�@9;�G<CKG�5 BCB7CADF9GG=6@9�DCD@=H95@�J9=B��1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9
ACGH�5DDFCDF=5H9�D<5FA57CH<9F5DM�:CF�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G�7CB8=H=CB�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� �GD=F=B

� �@CD=8C;F9@

� "9D5F=B

� ,=J5FCL565B

� �@H9D@5G9

15F:5F=B

! �F;5HFC65B

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

#B�5�DF9;B5BH�KCA5B��@9;�GK9@@=B;�5B8�DFC;F9GG=J9�H9B89FB9GG��5�DCG=H=J9 "CA5BG�G=;B��5B8�5
BCB7CADF9GG=6@9 DCD@=H95@�J9=B CB I@HF5GCIB8 5F9�GI::=7=9BH�HC�8=5;BCG9�5 899D�J9=B�H<FCA6CG=G ��0.��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �;92:27

�@95*7*<287�'1A

1<=@9�@CK�8CG9�HF95HA9BH�K=H< 5GD=F=B 75B�69�IG98�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M �9�;��=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H<


5BH=D<CGD<C@=D=8�GMB8FCA9���=H�=G�BCH�IG98�=B�H<9�HF95HA9BH�C: �0. CF DI@ACB5FM�9A6C@=GA�
'CF9CJ9F� 5GD=F=B 7FCGG9G�H<9 D@579BH5 5B8�75B�75IG9�DF9A5HIF9 7@CGIF9�C:�H<9�8I7HIG�5FH9F=CGIG CF
J5G7I@5F�8=GFIDH=CBG�

��� �5892-80:.5

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�@CD=8C;F9@ =G�BCH�IG98�=B�FCIH=B9�A5B5;9A9BH�C: 899D�J9=B�H<FCA6CG=G ��0.���#H�=G��<CK9J9F��IG98


=B�H<9�HF95HA9BH�C: 57IH9�7CFCB5FM�GMB8FCA9 5B8 D9F=D<9F5@�5FH9F=5@�8=G95G9��5G�K9@@�5G�=B�H<9
DF9J9BH=CB�C: =G7<9A=7�GHFC?9��'CF9CJ9F��=H�=G�7IFF9BH@M�7@5GG=:=98�5G�5�75H9;CFM���8FI;�6M�H<9� ��
�=�9���BC�F9DCFH98 H9F5HC;9B=7 9::97HG�=B�5B=A5@G��6IH�=B589EI5H9�9J=89B79�=B�<IA5BG��

��� �.9*:27

�@95*7*<287��=<

1<=@9�6CH< IB:F57H=CB5H98�<9D5F=B 5B8 @CK�AC@97I@5F�K9=;<H�<9D5F=BG �&'1"��75B�69�IG98�


GI67IH5B9CIG &'1" =G�H<9�DF9:9FF98�5;9BH�6975IG9�=H�=G�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�:9K9F�G=89�9::97HG�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

"9D5F=B =G�H<9�ACGH�5DDFCDF=5H9�D<5FA57CH<9F5DM�=B�H<=G�DF9;B5BH�D5H=9BH�K=H<�5 899D�J9=B


H<FCA6CG=G ��0.����IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��@9J9@G�C:�7@CHH=B;�:57HCFG�=B7F95G9��:=6F=BC;9B� H<FCA6=B��
K<=@9�@9J9@G�C: 5BH=7C5;I@5BHG �DFCH9=B�-��897F95G9��F9GI@H=B;�=B�5 <MD9F7C5;I@56@9�GH5H9� *F9;B5B7M =G
5@GC�5GGC7=5H98�K=H<�897F95G98�D<MG=75@�57H=J=HM��5�;9B9F5@ F=G?�:57HCF�:CF��0.��'CF9CJ9F��H<9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
DF9GGIF9�C:�H<9�;F5J=8 IH9FIG CB�H<9 =B:9F=CF�J9B5�75J5 75B�=AD989 J9BCIG�F9HIFB 5B8�DF98=GDCG9�HC
�0.� "9D5F=B =G�G5:9�8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��5G�=H�8C9G�BCH�7FCGG�H<9 D@579BH5@�65FF=9F�

��� "2>*:8@*+*7

�@95*7*<287�'1A

,=J5FCL565B 75B�69�IG98�HC�HF95H 899D�J9=B�H<FCA6CG=G ��0.���6IH�K<9H<9F�=H�=G�G5:9�HC�IG9�=B


DF9;B5BH�KCA9B�<5G�BCH�699B�GI::=7=9BH@M�=BJ9GH=;5H98��#H�=G�7IFF9BH@M�7@5GG=:=98�5G�5�75H9;CFM���8FI;
6M�H<9� ����=�9���5B=A5@�GHI8=9G�<5J9�G<CKB�5B�58J9FG9�9::97H�CB�H<9�:9HIG��6IH�H<9F9�<5J9�699B�BC
589EI5H9�5B8�K9@@ 7CBHFC@@98�GHI8=9G�=B�<IA5BG��

��� �5<.95*;.

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�@H9D@5G9 =G�BCH�IG98�=B�FCIH=B9�A5B5;9A9BH�C: 899D�J9=B�H<FCA6CG=G ��0.���#H�A5M��<CK9J9F��69


IG98�=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H<�5 A5GG=J9�DI@ACB5FM�9A6C@IG 5B8�<9AC8MB5A=7�=BGH56=@=HM��#B�F5F9�75G9G�
5@H9D@5G9 A5M�69�58A=B=GH9F98�J=5�5B�=BHF5 7@CH�75H<9H9F�HC�D5H=9BHG�K=H<�J9FM�9LH9BG=J9 �0.�
'CF9CJ9F��=H�=G�7IFF9BH@M�7@5GG=:=98�5G�5�75H9;CFM���8FI;�6M�H<9� ����=�9���5B=A5@�GHI8=9G�<5J9�G<CKB
5B�58J9FG9�9::97H�CB�H<9�:9HIG��6IH�H<9F9�<5J9�699B�BC�589EI5H9�5B8�K9@@ 7CBHFC@@98�GHI8=9G�=B
<IA5BG��

��� '*:/*:27

�@95*7*<287�'1A

15F:5F=B��5�7CAD9H=H=J9 J=H5A=B�%�5BH5;CB=GH��=G�BCH�IG98�=B�H<9�57IH9�HF95HA9BH�C: �0. 6975IG9�=H


H5?9G��Q��85MG�HC�H5?9�9::97H��8I9�HC�H<9�89@5M�=B�89D@9H=CB�C: J=H5A=B�% 89D9B89BH 7C5;I@5H=CB
:57HCFG���5@H<CI;<�=H�=G�C:H9B�IG98�:CF�DFCD<M@5L=G� 15F:5F=B =G�5@GC�7CBHF5=B8=75H98�=B�DF9;B5BH
D5H=9BHG�6975IG9�C:�=HG H9F5HC;9B=7 9::97HG��9�;���;FCKH<�F9H5F85H=CB��:9H5@�<9ACFF<5;9��5B8�:57=5@
8MGACFD<=GA��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �:0*<:8+*7

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�F;5HFC65B 75B�69�IG98�HC�HF95H 899D�J9=B�H<FCA6CG=G ��0.���6IH�K<9H<9F�=H�=G�G5:9�HC�IG9�=B�DF9;B5BH


KCA9B�<5G�BCH�699B�GI::=7=9BH@M�=BJ9GH=;5H98��#H�=G�7IFF9BH@M�7@5GG=:=98�5G�5�75H9;CFM���8FI;�6M�H<9
����=�9���BC�F9DCFH98 H9F5HC;9B=7 9::97HG�=B�5B=A5@G��6IH�=B589EI5H9�9J=89B79�=B�<IA5BG��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

�B�=BJ9GH=;5HCF�GHI8M=B;�D5H=9BHG�K=H<�GMADHCAG�C: 5FH<F=H=G 89H97HG�5 BCB9BJ9@CD98�J=FIG�K=H<�5�G=B;@9


GHF5B898��(��;9BCA9 =B�H<9�G9FIA�C: 5�DF9;B5BH�D5H=9BH�� 9H5@�=B:97H=CB�K=H<�H<=G�D5H<C;9B�=G�ACGH
@=?9@M�HC�75IG9�K<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�A5B=:9GH5H=CBG�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� "M8FCDG�:9H5@=G

� �<CF=CF9H=B=H=G

� '=7FC79D<5@M

� (CH7<98�H99H<

� -9BGCF=B9IF5@�895:B9GG

09G=7I@5F�F5G<

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

*5FJCJ=FIG���� =G�CB9�C:�H<9�:9K�BCB9BJ9@CD98�GG�(��J=FIG9G�H<5H�=B:97H�<IA5BG��#H�75B�@958�HC
HF5BGD@579BH5@�:9H5@�=B:97H=CB�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� �A-:89;�/.<*52;

�@95*7*<287��=<

*5FJCJ=FIG���� =B:97H=CB�=B�7<=@8F9B�75IG9G =:H<�8=G95G9��#B�58I@HG� D5FJCJ=FIG =B:97H=CB�75B�DF9G9BH


5G�5�GMAA9HF=75@�D9F=D<9F5@�5FH<FCD5H<M�7CID@98�K=H< :9J9F 5B8�5�F5G<�

�@95*7*<287�'1A

*5FJCJ=FIG������5 7CB;9B=H5@�.),�"�=B:97H=CB��75B�@958�HC�H<9�89J9@CDA9BH�C: <M8FCDG�:9H5@=G


8IF=B; DF9;B5B7M��#B:97H=CB�C: ,��G 6M�H<=G�J=FIG�=B8I79G 5DCDHCG=G 5B8�A5GG=J9�89GHFI7H=CB�C:
9FMH<FC=8�@=B95;9�79@@G��75IG=B;�G9J9F9 5B9A=5 5B8 <95FH�:5=@IF9 =B�H<9�:9HIG��G97CB85FM�HC�9L79GG=J9
:@I=8�577IAI@5H=CB�K=H<=B�H<9�:9H5@�J5G7I@5F�7CAD5FHA9BHG���.<=G�C:H9B�:5H5@�7CB8=H=CB�75B�5@GC�69
75IG98�6M 7<FCACGCA5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G� =B6CFB�9FFCFG�C:�A9H56C@=GA� ,<�=B7CAD5H=6=@=HM��@MAD<5H=7
8MGD@5G=5��5B8 Treponema pallidum =B:97H=CB�

��� �18:28:.<272<2;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�<CF=CF9H=B=H=G =B�5�:9HIG�=G�C:H9B�8I9�HC�5B�=B:97H=CB�K=H< Toxoplasma gondii CF 7MHCA9;5@CJ=FIG


��'0���.<9G9�=BHF5IH9F=B9�=B:97H=CBG�5F9�5@GC�5GGC7=5H98�K=H< <M8FC79D<5@IG 5B8�=BHF57F5B=5@
75@7=:=75H=CBG��D9F=J9BHF=7I@5F�K=H< �'0���"CK9J9F� T. gondii =G�5 DFCHCNC5B��5B8 �'0 =G�5B
9BJ9@CD98�8G�(��J=FIG��=B�7CBHF5GH�HC�H<9�BCB9BJ9@CD98�GG�(��J=FIG�69=B;�GHI8=98�� IFH<9FACF9�
B9=H<9F�C:�H<9G9�=B:97H=CBG�5F9�?BCKB�HC�75IG9�5FH<F=H=G�=B�58I@HG�

��� �2,:8,.91*5A

�@95*7*<287�'1A

'=7FC79D<5@M =B�5�:9HIG�A5M�69�8I9�HC�5B�=B:97H=CB�K=H< 4=?5�J=FIG �5 @5J=J=FIG���.<=G�=BHF5IH9F=B9

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
=B:97H=CB�A5M�5@GC�DF9G9BH�K=H<�A=@8 :9J9F��F5G<� >C=BH D5=B��5B8 7CB>IB7H=J=H=G���@H<CI;< 4=?5�J=FIG
75B�75IG9 5FH<F5@;=5G =B�58I@HG��=H�=G�5B�9BJ9@CD98�GG,(��J=FIG��IB@=?9�H<9�BCB9BJ9@CD98�GG�(�
J=FIG�=89BH=:=98�6M�H<9�=BJ9GH=;5HCF�

��� �8<,1.-�<..<1

�@95*7*<287�'1A

(CH7<98��K=89@M�GD5798 H99H< =B�5�MCIB;�7<=@8�=G�5�<=;<@M�GI;;9GH=J9�:=B8=B;�C:�5�7CB;9B=H5@�=B:97H=CB


K=H< Treponema pallidum �5 -D=FC7<9H9���.<=G�=B:97H=CB�A5M�5@GC�DF9G9BH�K=H< G9BGCF=B9IF5@
895:B9GG��:57=5@�56BCFA5@=H=9G��G588@9�BCG9��G<CFH A5L=@@5�� G569F�G<=BG��5B8 <M8FCDG�:9H5@=G� T.
pallidum =G�5�657H9F=IA��BCH�5�J=FIG�

��� #.7;8:27.=:*5�-.*/7.;;

�@95*7*<287�'1A

-9BGCF=B9IF5@�<95F=B;�@CGG =B�5�:9HIG�A5M�69�8I9�HC�5B�=B:97H=CB�K=H< FI69@@5�J=FIG �5 .C;5J=FIG��


Treponema pallidum��CF 7MHCA9;5@CJ=FIG ��'0���1<=@9�6CH< FI69@@5 5B8 T. pallidum �G97CB85FM
GMD<=@=G��A5M�75IG9�5FH<F=H=G�=B�58I@H�D5H=9BHG� FI69@@5 =G�5B�9BJ9@CD98�GG,(��J=FIG� T. pallidum =G�5
657H9F=5��5B8 �'0 =G�5�8G�(��J=FIG��.<9F9:CF9��BCB9�C:�H<9G9�=B:97H=CBG�:=H�H<9�BCB9BJ9@CD98
GG�(��J=FIG�DFC:=@9�=89BH=:=98�6M�H<9�=BJ9GH=;5HCF�

��� &.;2,=5*:�:*;1

�@95*7*<287�'1A

��J9G=7I@5F�F5G<�=B�5�:9HIG�=G�<=;<@M�GI;;9GH=J9�C:�5B�=BHF5IH9F=B9�CF D9F=B5H5@ =B:97H=CB�K=H<�<9FD9G


G=AD@9L�J=FIG��HMD=75@@M "-0 ����.<=G�=B:97H=CB�75B�@958�HC�5�J5F=9HM�C:�7@=B=75@�:95HIF9G�=B7@I8=B;
:9H5@�89A=G9� A=7FC79D<5@M��5B8 A9B=B;C9B79D<5@=H=G��.<9 "-0 � J=FIG�=G�5B�9BJ9@CD98�8G�(�
J=FIG��IB@=?9�H<9�BCB9BJ9@CD98�GG�(��J=FIG�=89BH=:=98�6M�H<9�=BJ9GH=;5HCF�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
!=.;<287�����

� �� M95F C@8 KCA5B� ;F5J=85��� D5F5����5H ���K99?G� ;9GH5H=CB 7CA9G�HC�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�:CF�5�DF9B5H5@


J=G=H��-<9�<5G�<58�BC�DF9B5H5@�75F9��-<9�9A=;F5H98�:FCA��<=B5 ��M95FG 5;C�5B8�75BBCH�F975@@�5@@�C:�<9F
J577=B5H=CBG��-<9�5DD95FG�K9@@��*<MG=75@�9L5A=B5H=CB�G<CKG�5�IH9FIG�7CBG=GH9BH�=B�G=N9�K=H<�5 �� K99?
;9GH5H=CB��-9FIA�GHI8=9G�G<CK�

�BH= <9D5H=H=G���#;'�5BH=6C8M B9;5H=J9

�BH= <9D5H=H=G���#;!�5BH=6C8M DCG=H=J9

"9D5H=H=G�� GIF:579�5BH=;9B B9;5H=J9

�BH= <9D5H=H=G���GIF:579�5BH=6C8M DCG=H=J9

"9D5H=H=G�� 7CF9�5BH=;9B B9;5H=J9

�BH= <9D5H=H=G���7CF9�5BH=6C8M B9;5H=J9

1<=7<�C:�H<9�:C@@CK=B;�=G�H<9�ACGH�5DDFCDF=5H9�=B=H=5@�57H=CB�6M�H<9�D<MG=7=5B�

�7;?.: �6*0.

� *@5B�BCFA5@�J5;=B5@�89@=J9FM�5H�H9FA

� �9H9FA=B9�<9D5H=H=G���9�5BH=;9B�G9FIA�@9J9@

� *@5B�HC�;=J9�<9D5H=H=G���=AAIBC;@C6I@=B�HC�B9K6CFB

� �8A=B=GH9F�<9D5H=H=G���J577=B9�HC�ACH<9F

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�7;?.: �6*0.

� �CIBG9@�CB�B979GG=HM�HC�5JC=8�6F95GH:998=B;

*9F:CFA�@=J9F�6=CDGM�C:�ACH<9F

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�27<

#B�H<=G�D5H=9BH� <9D5H=H=G J=F5@�@C58�KCI@8�69�IB89H97H56@9�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
�8::.,<��7;?.:

��� 5*7�78:6*5�>*027*5�-.52>.:A�*<�<.:6

�@95*7*<287�'1A

.<=G�D5H=9BH�75B�;=J9�5�J5;=B5@ 6=FH< HC�<9F�656M��"9F�G9FIA�GHI8=9G�5F9�7CBG=GH9BH�K=H<�GI779GG:I@


J577=B5H=CB 5;5=BGH <9D5H=H=G����5G�=B8=75H98�6M�<9F�DCG=H=J9 5BH= <9D5H=H=G ��GIF:579 5BH=6C8=9G�
B9;5H=J9 <9D5H=H=G���7CF9�5BH=;9B��5B8�B9;5H=J9 <9D5H=H=G���GIF:579�5BH=;9B F9GI@HG��"9F�DCG=H=J9 5BH=
<9D5H=H=G � #;!�5BH=6C8M 5B8�B9;5H=J9 5BH= <9D5H=H=G � #;'�5BH=6C8M F9GI@HG�=B8=75H9�9=H<9F�"�0
J577=B5H=CB CF�D5GH�=B:97H=CB���J9B�=:�H<9�ACH<9F�<58�57H=J9 <9D5H=H=G�� CF����GDCBH5B9CIG�J5;=B5@
89@=J9FM��F5H<9F�H<5B � G97H=CB��KCI@8�69�F97CAA9B898�

��� �.<.:627.�1.9*<2<2;���.�*7<20.7�;.:=6�5.>.5

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�9H9FA=B=B; <9D5H=H=G���9BJ9@CD9�5BH=;9B G9FIA�@9J9@G�75B�69�<9@D:I@�HC�5GG9GG�H<9�F=G?�C: J9FH=75@


HF5BGA=GG=CB 8IF=B; 6=FH<� (9K6CFBG C:�ACH<9FG�G9FCDCG=H=J9�:CF "�G�; 5B8 "�9�; 5F9�5H�5B
=B7F95G98�F=G?�:CF "�0 HF5BGA=GG=CB�8IF=B;�89@=J9FM����Q����HF5BGA=GG=CB�F5H9����9H9FA=B=B;
"�9�; =B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�KCI@8�BCH�69�5DDFCDF=5H9�5H�<=G�H=A9��<CK9J9F��5G�<9F @56CF5HCFM�GHI8=9G
=B8=75H9�GI779GG:I@ =AAIB=N5H=CB HC "�0�

��� 5*7�<8�02>.�1.9*<2<2;���266=78058+=527�<8�7.?+8:7

�@95*7*<287�'1A

#B:5BHG C:�ACH<9FG�K=H<�5B 57IH9�"�0�=B:97H=CB��K<C�KCI@8�<5J9�DCG=H=J9 <9D5H=H=G���GIF:579�5BH=;9B


�"�G�;��G9FIA�GHI8M�F9GI@HG��G<CI@8�F979=J9 <9D5H=H=G���=AAIB9�;@C6I@=B �D5GG=J9�J577=B5H=CB��5B8
<9D5H=H=G���J577=B5H=CB �57H=J9�J577=B5H=CB��K=H<=B����<CIFG�C: 6=FH<� (9K6CFBG K=H<�"6G�;�B9;5H=J9
ACH<9FG�G<CI@8�F979=J9 <9D5H=H=G���J577=B5H=CB 69:CF9�<CGD=H5@�8=G7<5F;9��.<9F9:CF9��=H�=G�BCH
F97CAA9B898�HC�;=J9 <9D5H=H=G���=AAIBC;@C6I@=B HC�H<=G�D5H=9BH�G B9K6CFB 5G�H<9�D5H=9BH�G�G9FIA
GHI8=9G�=B8=75H9�H<5H�H<9�ACH<9F�<5G�5@F958M�699B�GI779GG:I@@M�J577=B5H98�5;5=BGH <9D5H=H=G���

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
��� �-6272;<.:�1.9*<2<2;���>*,,27.�<8�68<1.:

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�8A=B=GH9F=B; <9D5H=H=G���J577=B9 HC�H<=G�D5H=9BH�KCI@8�BCH�69�5DDFCDF=5H9�5H�<=G�H=A9��"9F�DCG=H=J9


5BH= <9D5H=H=G ��GIF:579 5BH=6C8M 5B8�B9;5H=J9 <9D5H=H=G���7CF9�5BH=;9B 5B8�GIF:579 5BH=;9B F958=B;G
=B8=75H9�GI779GG:I@ =AAIB=N5H=CB�

��� �8=7;.5�87�7.,.;;2<A�<8�*>82-�+:.*;</..-270

�@95*7*<287�'1A

�F95GH:998=B; =G�BCH�7CBHF5=B8=75H98�5B8�G<CI@8�69�F97CAA9B898�HC�5@@�D5H=9BHG�K=H<�A5H9FB5@ "�0�


1CA9B�K=H< "�0�=B:97H=CB G<CI@8�69�7CIBG9@98�H<5H 6F95GH:998=B; 8C9G�BCH�=B7F95G9�H<9�@=?9@=<CC8
C:�=B:97H=CB�=B�H<9=F�7<=@8F9B��"CK9J9F� 6F95GH:998=B; A5M�69�89@5M98�IBH=@�D5GG=J9Y57H=J9
DCGH9LDCGIF9�DFCD<M@5L=G�=G�;=J9B��.<=G�D5H=9BH�G�G9FIA�GHI8=9G�GI;;9GH�GI779GG:I@ =AAIB=N5H=CB HC
"�0�

��� .:/8:6�52>.:�+289;A�8/�68<1.:

�@95*7*<287�'1A

� @=J9F�6=CDGM =G�IG98�HC�5GG9GG�H<9�G9J9F=HM�C:�8=G95G9�=B�D5H=9BHG�K=H< D5F9B7<MA5@ @=J9F 8=G95G9


�9�;���57H=J9�7<FCB=7 <9D5H=H=G���.<=G�D5H=9BH�G�@56CF5HCFM�:=B8=B;G�GI;;9GH�GI779GG:I@ =AAIB=N5H=CB HC
"�0��"9F�DCG=H=J9 5BH= <9D5H=H=G � #;!�5BH=6C8M :=B8=B;G�GI;;9GH�5�DF9J=CIG <9D5H=H=G�� �"�0��J=FIG
=B:97H=CB�CF J577=B5H=CB��"CK9J9F��"�0�<5G�BCH�699B�G<CKB�HC�75IG9�7<FCB=7�8=G95G9� &=J9F�6=CDGM
KCI@8�BCH��H<9F9:CF9��69�=B8=75H98�=B�H<=G�D5H=9BH�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 1

��B?ED9>5�>5G2?B>�C3B55>9>7�D5CD�6?B�@85>I<;5D?>EB91�9>�1�=1<5�>5?>1D5�C8?GC�1�C5BE=�@85>I<1<1>9>5
3?>35>DB1D9?>�?6 ���=7 4# �%�������� 5�9C CD1BD54�?>�1�C@5391<�495D�1>4�D85�8I@5B@85>I<1<1>9>5=91
B5C?<F5C���D�1�B?ED9>5 G5<<�389<4 5H1=9>1D9?> ��=?>D8C <1D5B��D85�@8IC9391>�>?D935C�D81D�85�81C�@5BC9CD5>D
8514�<17��&>�5H1=9>1D9?>��85�81C 2<E5�5I5C��@1<5�C;9>��2<?>45�819B��1>4�75>5B1<9J54�8I@?D?>91�� 9C
C5BE=�@B?<13D9>�<5F5<�9C�=1B;54<I�5<5F1D54��)E@@<5=5>D1D9?>�?6�G8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�CE2CD1>35C�9C
=?CD�<9;5<I�D?�@B5F5>D�6EBD85B�3?=@<931D9?>C�?6�D89C�@1D95>D�C�3?>49D9?>�

Answer Image

� *IB?C9>5

� 'IB94?H9>5

� *891=9>5

� *5DB18I4B?29?@D5B9>

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Answer Image

� %9139>

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

!>3B51C54�<5F5<C�?6 @85>I<1<1>9>5 ?> >5G2?B>�C3B55>9>7 9>4931D5 @85>I<;5D?>EB91 �'"+���G8938�96


9>145AE1D5<I�DB51D54�31>�31EC5 8I@?@97=5>D1D9?> �2<E5�5I5C��@1<5 C;9>��2<?>45 819B��1>4�75>5B1<9J54
8I@?D?>91��*89C�@1D95>D�@B5C5>DC�G9D8�651DEB5C�?6 '"+ 45C@9D5�495D1BI�B5CDB93D9?>�1>4�1�453B51C5�9>�C5BE=
@85>I<1<1>9>5 3?>35>DB1D9?>��G8938�B19C5C�3?>35B>�6?B =1<97>1>D�'"+�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Tyrosine

Explanation Why

*IB?C9>5 CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�1<?>7�G9D8�495D1BI @85>I<1<1>9>5 B5CDB93D9?>�9C�B5AE9B54�9>�1<<�6?B=C�?6


'"+��'1D95>DC�G9D8 3<1CC93�'"+ �@85>I<1<1>9>5�8I4B?HI<1C5�4569395>3I��G9<<�>?D�45F5<?@�651DEB5C�?6
D85�49C51C5�96�D89C�495D1BI�B579=5>�9C�CDB93D<I�6?<<?G54�� ?G5F5B��D89C 9>61>D =?CD�<9;5<I�81C =1<97>1>D
'"+��G8938�B5AE9B5C�1>�1449D9?>1<�CE@@<5=5>D�D?�@B5F5>D�6EBD85B�3?=@<931D9?>C�

B - Pyridoxine

Image

Explanation Why

'IB94?H9>5 �F9D1=9>�����CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�1<?>7�G9D8�1�C@5391< 3ICD59>5�B938�495D�9C�EC54�D?�DB51D

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
8?=?3ICD9>EB91 D81D�B5CE<DC�6B?=�59D85B 3ICD1D89?>9>5�CI>D81C5 4569395>3I�?B�453B51C54�1669>9DI��?6
3ICD1D89?>9>5�CI>D81C5��6?B @IB94?H1<�@8?C@81D5��'1D95>DC�G9D8 8?=?3ICD9>EB91 31>�45F5<?@
8I@?@97=5>D1D9?> ?6�D85 819B 1>4 C;9> �1C�1�B5CE<D�?6 DIB?C9>1C5 9>8929D9?>�2I 8?=?3ICD59>5��1C�G5<<
1C 8I@?D?>91�� ?G5F5B� 8?=?3ICD9>EB91 9C�>?D�1CC?391D54�G9D8 8I@5B@B?<13D9>5=91 1>4�D85 >5G2?B>
C3B55>9>7 D5CD�G?E<4�C8?G�9>3B51C54�<5F5<C�?6 8?=?3ICD59>5 1>4 =5D89?>9>5 B1D85B�D81>
@85>I<1<1>9>5��$?B5?F5B� 8?=?3ICD9>EB91 DI@931<<I�@B5C5>DC�<1D5B�4EB9>7�389<48??4�G9D8�1449D9?>1<
651DEB5C�CE38�1C 9>D5<<53DE1<�49C129<9DI� ?CD5?@?B?C9C� =1B61>?94�8129DEC� ;I@8?C9C� <5>C�CE2<EH1D9?>�
1>4�1335<5B1D54 1D85B?C3<5B?C9C� $1<97>1>D�'"+ 4?5C�>?D�B5AE9B5 @IB94?H9>5 CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�

C - Thiamine

Explanation Why

*891=9>5 �F9D1=9>�����CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�1<?>7�G9D8�495D1BI�B5CDB93D9?>�?6 2B1>3854�3819>�1=9>?�1394C


�����C��9�5�� <5E39>5� 9C?<5E39>5� F1<9>5��9C�B5AE9B54�9>�@1D95>DC�G9D8 =1@<5�CIBE@�EB9>5�49C51C5
�$)+��� $)+� DI@931<<I�=1>965CDC�9>�D85�51B<I�>5?>1D1<�@5B9?4�G9D8 4ICD?>91��B53EBB5>D�F?=9D9>7�
@??B�65549>7� C59JEB5C��1>4�1�49CD9>3D9F5�=1@<5�CIBE@�?4?B�9>�CG51D�1>4 EB9>5��>?>5�?6�G8938�9C�C55>
85B5��$?B5?F5B��D85 >5G2?B>�C3B55>9>7 D5CD�G?E<4�C8?G�9>3B51C54�<5F5<C�?6 ����C 1>4 �����;5D?
1394C�B1D85B�D81> @85>I<1<1>9>5� $1<97>1>D�'"+ 4?5C�>?D�B5AE9B5 D891=9>5 CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
D - Tetrahydrobiopterin

Image

Explanation But

'1D95>DC�G9D8 =1<97>1>D�'"+ 31>�1<C?�45F5<?@ C5B?D?>9> 4569395>3I�C9>35 � � 9C�1<C?�B5AE9B54�6?B�D85


3?>F5BC9?>�?6 DBI@D?@81> D? C5B?D?>9>�

Explanation Why

$1<97>1>D�'"+ �D5DB18I4B?29?@D5B9>�4569395>3I��9C�ECE1<<I�31EC54�2I�1�4569395>3I�?6
498I4B?29?@D5B9>�B54E3D1C5��D85�5>JI=5�D81D�3?>F5BDC�498I4B?29?@D5B9>�D? D5DB18I4B?29?@D5B9> �� ���
� � 9C�1 3?613D?B 6?B�DG?�5>JI=5C�?6 @85>I<1<1>9>5 =5D12?<9C=� @85>I<1<1>9>5�8I4B?HI<1C5��G8938
3?>F5BDC @85>I<1<1>9>5 D? DIB?C9>5��1>4 DIB?C9>5�8I4B?HI<1C5��G8938�3?>F5BDC DIB?C9>5 D?
498I4B?HI@85>I<1<1>9>5 ��&'��� �&'� 9C�1�@B53EBC?B�6?B�D85 CI>D85C9C�?6�=5<1>9>��1>4
31D538?<1=9>5C �5�7�� 4?@1=9>5���)9>35 4?@1=9>5 9>8929DC @B?<13D9> CI>D85C9C�9>�D85
DE25B?9>6E>492E<1B�@1D8G1I��@1D95>DC�G9D8 � � 4569395>3I 31>�45F5<?@ 8I@5B@B?<13D9>5=91��-85B51C
3<1CC93�'"+ �@85>I<1<1>9>5�8I4B?HI<1C5�4569395>3I��31>�25�DB51D54�G9D8�495D1BI @85>I<1<1>9>5
B5CDB93D9?>�1>4 DIB?C9>5 CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�?><I��1449D9?>1<�CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�?6 � � 9C�>55454�9>
=1<97>1>D�'"+�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
E - Niacin

Explanation Why

%9139> �F9D1=9>�����CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�1<?>7�G9D8�1�C@5391<�8978�@B?D59>�495D�9C�B5AE9B54�9>�@1D95>DC
G9D8 1BD>E@�49C51C5��*89C�3?>49D9?>�DI@931<<I�=1>965CDC�G9D8 35B525<<1B 1D1H91 �5�7�� >ICD17=EC�
9>D5>D9?>�DB5=?B�� @5<<17B1�<9;5�CI=@D?=C��5�7�� 491BB851� 45B=1D9D9C���1>4 8I@5B@97=5>D1D9?> B1D85B
D81>�@1<5 C;9>� I@?D?>91 1>4 8I@5B@B?<13D9>5=91 G?E<4�>?D�25�5H@53D54���51DEB5C�?6 1BD>E@
49C51C5 ECE1<<I�2579>�<1D5B�4EB9>7�389<48??4�1>4�D5>4�D?�?33EB�9>D5B=9DD5>D<I�4EB9>7�@5B9?4C�?6�13ED5
CDB5CC��5�7���9>653D9?>�� $1<97>1>D�'"+ 4?5C�>?D�B5AE9B5 >9139> CE@@<5=5>D1D9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 2

� �����7 ���<2���?J��=1<5�>5G2?B>�45<9F5B54�1D�D5B=�D?�1 ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>� 7B1F941��� @1B1����9C


14=9DD54�D?�D85�>5?>1D1<�9>D5>C9F5�31B5�E>9D�6?B�6EBD85B�31B5��*85�=?D85B�494�>?D�B5359F5�1>I�@B5>1D1<
31B5���H1=9>1D9?>�?6�D85�>5G2?B>�C8?GC�1 CG?<<5>�6135�1>4�124?=5>��*85B5�9C�@1<@12<5
85@1D?C@<5>?=571<I�� 9C 85=?7<?29>�3?>35>DB1D9?>�9C ����7 4# 1>4�C5BE= 29<9BE29>�3?>35>DB1D9?>�9C
����=7 4#��� 49B53D�1>D97<?2E<9>�D5CD�C8?GC�9==5491D5�177<ED9>1D9?>�?6�B54�2<??4�35<<C��-8938�?6�D85
6?<<?G9>7�1B5�D85�=?CD�<9;5<I�2<??4�DI@5C�?6�D85�>5?>1D5�1>4�89C�=?D85B�

Neonate Mother

�B?E@ (85CEC �B?E@ (85CEC

A � %571D9F5 � '?C9D9F5

B � %571D9F5 � %571D9F5

C �� %571D9F5 � %571D9F5

D �� '?C9D9F5 � %571D9F5

E � %571D9F5 � '?C9D9F5

Answer Image

� �

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Answer Image

� �

� �

� �

� �

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*89C >5?>1D5 @B5C5>DC�G9D8 8I4B?@C�65D1<9C �CG?<<5>�6135�1>4�124?=5>� 85@1D?C@<5>?=571<I�� 1>5=91�


5<5F1D54 29<9BE29>��1>4�1�@?C9D9F5 49B53D��??=2C�D5CD��CE775CD9>7 85=?<ID93�49C51C5�?6�D85�65DEC�1>4
>5G2?B> � ��%��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A-A

Image

Explanation Why

*85�3?=29>1D9?>�?6�=1D5B>1<�2<??4�7B?E@�&�1>4�65D1<�2<??4�7B?E@���9C�1�C5DD9>7�6?B ��% 4E5�D?


��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI 2531EC5�D85�=?D85B�C�C5BE=�3?E<4�3?>D19>�1>D9�� !7��1>D92?495C 5F5>�96�>?
C5>C9D9J1D9?> 814�?33EBB54�� ?G5F5B����1>4�� 1>D975>C 1B5�@B5C5>D�>?D�?><I�?> 5BID8B?3ID5C 2ED�1<C?
?>�1<<�D9CCE5�35<<C��*85�� 1>D975>C ?>�>?>�5BID8B?3ID93�65D1<�35<<C�C5AE5CD5B�=?CD�?6�D85�1>D9�� !7�
D81D�3B?CC5C�D85 @<135>D1 1>4�D85B52I�@B?D53DC�65D1< 5BID8B?3ID5C���?B�D89C�B51C?>��D89C�3?>49D9?>
ECE1<<I�81C�1�C97>96931>D<I�=9<45B�3?EBC5�?6�49C51C5�D81> (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��*85�C5F5B5 1>5=91 1>4
8I4B?@C�65D1<9C C55>�9>�D89C�@1D95>D�1B5�5HDB5=5<I�B1B5�9>�31C5C�?6 ��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
B-B

Image

Explanation Why

*85�3?=29>1D9?>�?6�=1D5B>1<�2<??4�7B?E@���1>4�65D1<�2<??4�7B?E@���9C�1�C5DD9>7�6?B ��% 4E5�D?


��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI 2531EC5�D85�=?D85B�C�C5BE=�G?E<4�3?>D19>�1>D9�� 1>D92?495C 5F5>�96�>?
C5>C9D9J1D9?> 814�?33EBB54�� ?G5F5B��=?CD�?6�D85C5 1>D92?495C 1B5 !7$�1>D92?495C D81D�4?�>?D�3B?CC
D85 @<135>D1 1>4�D8EC�31>>?D�31EC5 ��%� ��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI 9C�ECE1<<I�<9=9D54�D?�=?D85BC�G9D8
2<??4�7B?E@ &�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
C-C

Image

Explanation Why

*85�3?=29>1D9?>�?6�=1D5B>1<�2<??4�7B?E@���1>4�65D1<�2<??4�7B?E@����9C�1�C5DD9>7�6?B ��% 4E5�D?


��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI 2531EC5�D85�=?D85B�C�C5BE=�3?E<4�3?>D19>�1>D9�� 1>D92?495C 5F5>�96�>?
C5>C9D9J1D9?> 814�?33EBB54�� ?G5F5B��=?CD�?6�D85C5 1>D92?495C 1B5 !7$�1>D92?495C D81D�4?�>?D�3B?CC
D85 @<135>D1 1>4�D8EC�31>>?D�31EC5 ��%� ��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI 9C�ECE1<<I�<9=9D54�D?�=?D85BC�G9D8
2<??4�7B?E@ &�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
D-D

Image

Explanation But

)9>35 (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI =1I�25�61D1<� 1>D9�� 9==E>?7<?2E<9> @B?@8I<1H9C�9C�14=9>9CD5B54�D? (8�


>571D9F5 @B57>1>D�G?=5>�4EB9>7�D85���D8 G55;�?6 75CD1D9?> ?6�D859B�69BCD @B57>1>3I��*89C�7B1F941��
=?D85B�494�>?D�B5359F5�1>I @B5>1D1<�31B5 1>4�C85�=?CD�<9;5<I�494�>?D�B5359F5 1>D9�� 9==E>?7<?2E<9>
@B?@8I<1H9C�4EB9>7�85B�69BCD @B57>1>3I G9D8�1> (8�@?C9D9F5 65DEC�

Explanation Why

*89C�3?=29>1D9?>�?6�69>49>7C�9C�1CC?391D54�G9D8 (85CEC�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��G8938�31>�B5CE<D�9> ��%�


!>�1> (8�>571D9F5 =?D85B�G9D8�1> (8�@?C9D9F5 65DEC��=1D5B>1<�5H@?CEB5�D?�65D1<�2<??4��=?CD�?6D5>
4EB9>7 29BD8��<514C�D?�D85�@B?4E3D9?>�?6�=1D5B>1< !7$�1>D92?495C 1719>CD�D85�(8 1>D975>��&F5B�D9=5�
C5B?3?>F5BC9?> D?�1>D9�(8 !7� ?33EBC� !7��1>D92?495C 31>�3B?CC�D85 @<135>D1��!>�1�CE2C5AE5>D
@B57>1>3I G9D8�1>?D85B (8�@?C9D9F5 389<4��D85C5 1>D92?495C 29>4�D?�D85�(8 1>D975> ?6�65D1< (��C�
=1B;9>7�D85=�6?B�45CDBE3D9?>� I4B?@C�65D1<9C 1>4�C5F5B5 1>5=91 1B5�?6D5>�C55>�9>�31C5C�?6 ��%
4E5�D? (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��2ED�D85C5�651DEB5C�1B5�ECE1<<I�12C5>D�9>�31C5C�?6 ��% 4E5�D? ��&
9>3?=@1D929<9DI�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
E-E

Explanation Why

*89C�3?=29>1D9?>�?6�69>49>7C�G?E<4�>?D�25�1CC?391D54�G9D8 (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI ?B ��&


9>3?=@1D929<9DI��D85�DG?�31EC5C�?6 ��%� (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI G?E<4�>?D�25�@?CC92<5�2531EC5�1> (8�
@?C9D9F5 =?D85B�G?E<4�>?D�81F5 1>D9�� 1>D92?495C 9>�85B�C5BE=��1>4�5F5>�96�C85�494��D85 5BID8B?3ID5C
?6�1> (8�>571D9F5 65DEC�G?E<4�>?D�81F5�� 1>D975>C D81D�31>�3B?CCB513D�G9D8�D85C5 1>D92?495C� ��&
9>3?=@1D929<9DI G?E<4�>?D�25�@?CC92<5�2531EC5�D85 5BID8B?3ID5C ?6�1�65DEC�G9D8�2<??4�7B?E@�&�G?E<4
>?D�81F5�D85�� 1>D975>C D81D�31>�3B?CCB513D�G9D8�D85�1>D9�� 1>D92?495C 9>�D85�C5BE=�?6�1�=?D85B�G9D8
2<??4�7B?E@������49665B5>D�3?=29>1D9?>�?6�=1D5B>1<�1>4�65D1< 2<??4�7B?E@C 9C�B5AE9B54�6?B ��%�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 3

� �����7 ���<2����?J��=1<5�>5G2?B>�9C�45<9F5B54�1D�D5B=�D?�1 ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>��!==5491D5<I�16D5B


45<9F5BI��85�45F5<?@C�3I1>?C9C�1>4�D138I@>51��'E<C5 ?H9=5DBI�?>������?HI75>�C8?GC�1>�?HI75>
C1DEB1D9?>�?6�������H1=9>1D9?>�C8?GC 453B51C54�2B51D8�C?E>4C�9>�D85�B978D�<E>7�695<4���> H�B1I ?6�D85
385CD�C8?GC�1 C81B@<I�45=1B31D54 6<E94�69<<54 45>C9DI�9>�D85�B978D�<E>7��-8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�9C�D85
=?CD�<9;5<I�5H@<1>1D9?>�6?B�D85 H�B1I 69>49>7C�

Answer Image

� �2>?B=1<�2E449>7�?6�D85�F5>DB1<�6?B57ED

� �9CDE<1�25DG55>�D85�5C?@817EC�1>4�D85�DB13851

� �53B51C54�F?<E=5�?6�1=>9?D93�6<E94

� �19<EB5�?6�>5EB1<�3B5CD�35<<�=97B1D9?>

� !=@19B54�6EC9?>�?6�@<5EB?@5B9D?>51<�=5=2B1>5

� !>3B51C5�9>�1<F5?<1B�CEB6135�D5>C9?>

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*89C >5G2?B>�C�453B51C54�2B51D8�C?E>4C�1>4�385CD H�B1I 69>49>7C�9>4931D5�1 2B?>38?75>93�3ICD��G8938


4?5C�?331C9?>1<<I�31EC5 19BG1I ?2CDBE3D9?>�1>4�CE2C5AE5>D�B5C@9B1D?BI�49CDB5CC�1D 29BD8 G9D8 D138I@>51�
3I1>?C9C��1>4 8I@?H5=91�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Abnormal budding of the ventral foregut

Explanation Why

�B?>38?75>93�3ICDC 1B5�DI@931<<I�E>9<?3E<1B�3ICDC�D81D�1B9C5�4EB9>7 5=2BI?>93�45F5<?@=5>D��*85I�1B5


31EC54�2I�12>?B=1<�2E449>7�?6�D85 6?B57ED 1>4�CE2C5AE5>D�49<1D9?>�?6�D85�D5B=9>1<�?B�<1B75 2B?>389�
&>�385CD H�B1I� D85I�1@@51B�1C�49C3B5D5��B?E>4��1>4�C81B@<I�4569>54�6<E94�69<<54�45>C9D95C�G9D89>�D85
=944<5�=5491CD9>E= ?B�D85�@E<=?>1BI @1B5>38I=1� �B?>38?75>93�3ICDC 1B5�?6D5>�1CI=@D?=1D93�1>4
4917>?C54�9>3945>D1<<I�9>�14E<DC��2ED�31>�4B19>�@??B<I��G8938�31EC5C 19BG1I 3?=@B5CC9?>�G9D8
C97>96931>D�B5C@9B1D?BI�49CDB5CC��1C�C55>�9>�D89C�@1D95>D���4=9>9CD5B9>7�?HI75>�4?5C�>?D�9=@B?F5�D85
@1D95>D�C�@??B�C1DEB1D9?>��1C�D85 19BG1I 3?=@B5CC9?>�<514C�D?�D85�3?<<1@C5�?6�@1BDC�?6�D85 <E>7��G8938
1B5�CE2C5AE5>D<I�>?D�F5>D9<1D54�1D�1<<�

B - Fistula between the esophagus and the trachea

Explanation Why

� DB1385?5C?@81751<�69CDE<1 �*����31>�<514�D?�9>F?<E>D1BI 1C@9B1D9?> ?6 71CDB93�1394 ?B�6??4�1>4


CE2C5AE5>D 1C@9B1D9?>�@>5E=?>91����@1D95>D�G9D8 1C@9B1D9?>�@>5E=?>91 G?E<4�@B5C5>D�G9D8
D138I@>51� 3I1>?C9C��<?G ?HI75>�C1DEB1D9?>��1>4��@?CC92<I��6<E94�69<<54�B579?>C�4E5�D? <E>7�12C35CC
6?B=1D9?>�� ?G5F5B��CI=@D?=C�1B5�E><9;5<I�D?�=1>965CD�9==5491D5<I�16D5B�45<9F5BI�1>4�ECE1<<I�2579>
16D5B�D85�69BCD�6554�

C - Decreased volume of amniotic fluid

Explanation Why

�53B51C54�F?<E=5�?6 1=>9?D93�6<E94 �?<97?8I4B1=>9?C��31>�B5CE<D�9> @E<=?>1BI�8I@?@<1C91 �'?DD5B


C5AE5>35���G8938�G?E<4�=1>965CD�G9D8 D138I@>51� 3I1>?C9C��453B51C54 ?HI75>�C1DEB1D9?> 1>4
453B51C54�2B51D8�C?E>4C�� ?G5F5B��2B51D8�C?E>4C�G?E<4�DI@931<<I�25�453B51C54�9>�>?D�?>5�2ED�2?D8
<E>7 695<4C�9>�D85�31C5�?6 '?DD5B�C5AE5>35 1>4�1�385CD H�B1I G?E<4�C8?G�?@1AE5 <E>7 695<4C
29<1D5B1<<I��>?D�1�6<E94�69<<54�45>C9DI��$?B5?F5B��?D85B�651DEB5C�?6�D85 '?DD5B�C5AE5>35 CE38�1C

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
3B1>9?61391<�45653DC��5�7���6<1DD5>54�>?C5��<?G�C5D�51BC� B5DB?7>1D891��1>4�<9=2�45653DC��5�7���3<E2�655D�
G?E<4�25�@B5C5>D�

D - Failure of neural crest cell migration

Explanation Why

*85�619<EB5�?6 >5EB1<�3B5CD�35<<C D?�=97B1D5�9C�1CC?391D54�G9D8 3?>?DBE>31<�31B4913�12>?B=1<9D95C �5�7��


D5DB1<?7I�?6��1<<?D� DB1>C@?C9D9?>�?6�D85�7B51D�F5CC5<C� @5BC9CD5>D�DBE>3EC�1BD5B9?CEC���G8938�31>�31EC5
3I1>?C9C� D138I@>51��1>4�<?G ?HI75>�C1DEB1D9?> ?> @E<C5�?H9=5DBI�� ?G5F5B��D85C5�1>?=1<95C�G?E<4
>?D�31EC5�1�6<E94�69<<54�31F9DI�?>�385CD H�B1I ?B�453B51C54�2B51D8�C?E>4C�?>�5H1=9>1D9?>��!>CD514�
D85I�G?E<4�31EC5�381B13D5B9CD93 851BD�=EB=EBC�

E - Impaired fusion of pleuroperitoneal membrane

Explanation Why

!=@19B54�6EC9?>�?6�D85 @<5EB?@5B9D?>51<�=5=2B1>5 4EB9>7 5=2BI?>93�45F5<?@=5>D 31>�31EC5


3?>75>9D1<�491@8B17=1D93�85B>91�� 5B>91D54�2?G5<�G9D89>�D85�385CD�31F9DI�31>�3?=@B5CC�D85 <E>7C 1>4
31EC5 D138I@>51� 3I1>?C9C��1>4�453B51C54 ?HI75>�C1DEB1D9?> 4E5�D?�B5C@9B1D?BI�49CDB5CC�1C�G5<<�1C
453B51C54�2B51D8�C?E>4C�� ?G5F5B��385CD H�B1I ?6�1�@1D95>D�G9D8�1 3?>75>9D1<�491@8B17=1D93�85B>91
G?E<4�C8?G�@1BDC�?6�D85�2?G5<�G9D89>�D85�385CD�31F9DI��!>�1449D9?>��D85�=1:?B9DI�?6 3?>75>9D1<
491@8B17=1D93�85B>91C ?33EB�?>�D85�<56D�C945��2531EC5�D85�B978D�85=9491@8B17=�9C�@B?D53D54�2I�D85
<9F5B�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
F - Increase in alveolar surface tension

Image

Explanation Why

�<F5?<1B�CEB6135�D5>C9?>�9C�9>3B51C54�9> >5?>1D1<�B5C@9B1D?BI�49CDB5CC�CI>4B?=5 �%(�)��1C�1�B5CE<D�?6


CEB613D1>D�4569395>3I� %(�) 31>�31EC5 D138I@>51� 3I1>?C9C��453B51C54 ?HI75>�C1DEB1D9?>��1C�G5<<�1C
453B51C54�2B51D8�C?E>4C�� ?G5F5B��2B51D8�C?E>4C�G?E<4�25�453B51C54�9>�>?D�?>5�2ED�2?D8 <E>7 695<4C
1>4�1�385CD H�B1I G?E<4�C8?G�1�4966EC5�7B?E>4�7<1CC�1@@51B1>35�?>�385CD H�B1I 4E5�D?�D85�3?<<1@C54
1<F5?<9��>?D�1�6<E94�69<<54�45>C9DI��$?B5?F5B� %(�) DI@931<<I�?33EBC�G9D8 @B5D5B=�29BD8C��9D�G?E<4�>?D
25�5H@53D54�9>�D89C D5B= 9>61>D�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 4

� ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>� 7B1F941��� @1B1����1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?>�3?=5C�D?�D85�@8IC9391>�6?B�1�B?ED9>5


@B5>1D1<�5H1=9>1D9?>�� 5B�@B5F9?EC�@B57>1>3I�G1C�E>3?=@<931D54�1>4�C85�71F5�29BD8�D?�1�851<D8I�2?I�
5B�2<??4�7B?E@�9C �� (8�>571D9F5��*85�61D85B�C�2<??4�7B?E@�9C ���(8�@?C9D9F5���4=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6�G8938
?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�9C�=?CD�1@@B?@B91D5�1D�D89C�D9=5�

Answer Image

� �>D9���!7�

� �>D9���!7�

� �>D9���!7$

� �>D9���!7�

� �>D9���!7$

� �>D9���!7$

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*85�65DEC�@?D5>D91<<I�3?E<4�25 (8�@?C9D9F5��G8938�@EDC�9D�1D�B9C;�?6�45F5<?@9>7 85=?<ID93�49C51C5�?6�D85


>5G2?B>��4E5�D?�D85�=?D85B�C (8�>571D9F5 CD1DEC��'B5F5>D9?>�?6 ��% 9>F?<F5C�D85�14=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6�1>
1>D92?4I D81D�G9<<�@B5F5>D�1>I�=1D5B>1<�@B?4E3D9?>�?6�D85�C1=5 1>D92?4I�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Anti-A IgG

Explanation Why

�>D9�� !7� 9C�1�=1D5B>1< 1>D92?4I D81D�31>�25�6?E>4�9>�=?D85BC�G9D8�>?>�DI@5�� 2<??4�7B?E@C �5�7��


DI@5�&�?B�DI@5�����*B1>C@<135>D1<�DB1>C=9CC9?>�?6�D85C5 1>D92?495C 31>�B5CE<D�9>�1�=9<4�6?B=�?6
85=?<ID93�49C51C5�?6�D85�>5G2?B> 96�D85B5�9C ��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI �5�7���96�D85�65DEC�81C�DI@5��
2<??4���*89C 9>61>D 9C�1D�89785CD�B9C;�?6�45F5<?@9>7 ��% C53?>41BI�D? (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��1>4
14=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6��>D9�� !7� G?E<4�>?D�25�56653D9F5�9>�@B5F5>D9>7�D89C�

B - Anti-D IgG

Explanation Why

*85�=?CD�3<9>931<<I�C97>96931>D�(8 1>D975> @85>?DI@5 9C�(8����2531EC5�?6�9DC�B9C;�?6�31EC9>7


85=?<ID93�49C51C5�?6�D85�>5G2?B> � ��%��9>�1> (8�@?C9D9F5 65DEC�2?B>�D?�1> (8�>571D9F5 =?D85B�
G8938�9C�@?CC92<5�85B5��*?�@B5F5>D�D89C�@?D5>D91<<I�61D1<�3?=@<931D9?>� 1>D9�� !7� @B?@8I<1H9C��1<C?
31<<54 (8?��$��C8?E<4�25�14=9>9CD5B54�1D����G55;C� 75CD1D9?> 1>4�1719>�G9D89>����8?EBC�16D5B�D85
29BD8 ?6�1> (8�@?C9D9F5 212I��D?�@B5F5>D�D85�@B?4E3D9?>�?6�=1D5B>1< 1>D9�� !7�� (8?��$ 9C
=1>E613DEB54�1C�1> !7� @B?4E3D�2531EC5�?6�D85�<?>7 81<6�<965 3?=@1B54�D? !7$�

C - Anti-B IgM

Explanation Why

�>D9�� !7$ 9C�1�=1D5B>1< 1>D92?4I D81D�=1I�25�6?E>4�9>�=?D85BC�G9D8�>?>�DI@5�� 2<??4�7B?E@C �5�7��


DI@5�&�?B�DI@5���� !7$ 4?5C�>?D�3B?CC�D85 @<135>D1 1>4�9C��D85B56?B5��>?D�1CC?391D54�G9D8�D85
45F5<?@=5>D�?6 85=?<ID93�49C51C5�?6�D85�>5G2?B> 4E5�D? ��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��*89C 9>61>D 9C�1D
89785CD�B9C;�?6�45F5<?@9>7 ��% C53?>41BI�D? (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��1>4�14=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6��>D9�� !7$
G?E<4�>?D�25�56653D9F5�9>�@B5F5>D9>7�D89C�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
D - Anti-B IgG

Explanation Why

�>D9�� !7� 9C�1�=1D5B>1< 1>D92?4I D81D�31>�25�6?E>4�9>�=?D85BC�G9D8�>?>�DI@5�� 2<??4�7B?E@C �5�7��


DI@5�&�?B�DI@5�����*B1>C@<135>D1<�DB1>C=9CC9?>�?6�D85C5 1>D92?495C 31>�B5CE<D�9>�1�=9<4�6?B=�?6
85=?<ID93�49C51C5�?6�D85�>5G2?B> 96�D85B5�9C ��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI �5�7���96�D85�65DEC�81C�DI@5���2<??4��
*89C 9>61>D 9C�1D�89785CD�B9C;�?6�45F5<?@9>7 ��% C53?>41BI�D? (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��1>4
14=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6��>D9�� !7� G?E<4�>?D�25�56653D9F5�9>�@B5F5>D9>7�D89C�

E - Anti-D IgM

Explanation Why

!7$ 81C�1�F5BI�C8?BD 81<6�<965 �����41IC���)9>35�D89C�G?=1>�9C�?><I�1D����G55;C� 75CD1D9?>��79F9>7


1>D9�� !7$ G?E<4�>?D�@B?F945�1>�145AE1D5�4EB1D9?>�?6�@B?@8I<1H9C�D?�@B5F5>D�D85�45F5<?@=5>D�?6
85=?<ID93�49C51C5�?6�D85�>5G2?B>�

F - Anti-A IgM

Explanation Why

�>D9�� !7$ 9C�1�=1D5B>1< 1>D92?4I D81D�=1I�25�6?E>4�9>�=?D85BC�G9D8�>?>�DI@5�� 2<??4�7B?E@C �5�7��


DI@5�&�?B�DI@5���� !7$ 4?5C�>?D�3B?CC�D85 @<135>D1 1>4�9C��D85B56?B5��>?D�1CC?391D54�G9D8�D85
45F5<?@=5>D�?6 85=?<ID93�49C51C5�?6�D85�>5G2?B> 4E5�D? ��&�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��*89C 9>61>D 9C�1D
89785CD�B9C;�?6�45F5<?@9>7 ��% C53?>41BI�D? (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI��1>4�14=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6��>D9�� !7$
G?E<4�>?D�25�56653D9F5�9>�@B5F5>D9>7�D89C�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 5

� ���I51B�?<4 @B9=97B1F94�G?=1>�1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?> 3?=5C�D?�D85�@8IC9391>�2531EC5�?6�65F5B�


=I1<791��124?=9>1<�@19>��>1EC51��1>4�491BB851�6?B ��41IC�� 5B�@B57>1>3I�81C�255>�E>3?=@<931D54�� 5B
?><I�=54931D9?>�9C�1�@B5>1D1<�F9D1=9>�� 5B�D5=@5B1DEB5�9C ����K� ������K����'8IC931<�5H1=9>1D9?>�C8?GC
4966EC5�124?=9>1<�@19>���<??4�3E<DEB5C�9>3E21D54 1D �K� �����K���7B?G�1 7B1=�@?C9D9F5�
31D1<1C5�@?C9D9F5 ?B71>9C=��*85�@1D8?75>�B5C@?>C92<5�6?B�D89C�@1D95>D�C�@B5C5>D1D9?>�G1C�=?CD�<9;5<I
DB1>C=9DD54�F91�G8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�=?45C�

Answer Image

� �<??4�DB1>C6EC9?>

� )5HE1<�3?>D13D

� �?>CE=@D9?>�?6�C?6D�3855C5

� !>75CD9?>�?6�31D�6535C

� �B9>;9>7�3?>D1=9>1D54�G1D5B

� !>81<1D9?>�?6�4B?@<5DC

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*85�31EC1<�?B71>9C=�?6�D89C�@1D95>D�C�3?>49D9?>�G1C�12<5�D?�7B?G�1D�B56B975B1D9?>�D5=@5B1DEB5C��G8938
CE775CDC�9>653D9?>�G9D8 Listeria monocytogenes��1 7B1=�@?C9D9F5� 31D1<1C5�@?C9D9F5 B?4�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Blood transfusion

Explanation Why

�<??4�DB1>C6EC9?> 9C�>?D�1�=?45�?6�DB1>C=9CC9?>�6?B L. monocytogenes� 5@1D9D9C�� 1>4��� !,��1>4


09;1 F9BEC�31>�25�DB1>C=9DD54�D8B?E78�3?>D1=9>1D54�2<??4�

B - Sexual contact

Explanation Why

�<D8?E78�C5HE1<�3?>D13D�9C�1�B1B5�DB1>C=9CC9?>�=?45�?6 L. monocytogenes��1>?D85B�=?45�9C�=E38
=?B5�<9;5<I� )5HE1<<I�DB1>C=9DD54�9>653D9?>C 9>3<E45 38<1=I491� 85@1D9D9C����1>4 7?>?BB851��1=?>7
?D85BC��>?>5�?6�G8938�1B5�7B1=�@?C9D9F5� 31D1<1C5�@?C9D9F5 ?B71>9C=C�

C - Consumption of soft cheese

Explanation Why

*89C�3<9>931<�F97>5DD5�9C�=?CD�3?>C9CD5>D�G9D8 <9CD5B9?C9C� L. monocytogenes 9C�1 7B1=�@?C9D9F5�


31D1<1C5�@?C9D9F5 ?B71>9C=�D81D�7B?GC�1D�B56B975B1D9?>�D5=@5B1DEB5C���K�����5<9�=51DC��@?E<DBI��1>4
E>@1CD5EB9J54�=9<;��?6D5>�EC54�6?B�C?6D�3855C5C��1B5�3?==?>�C?EB35C� #9CD5B9?C9C DI@931<<I�=1>965CDC
G9D8 65F5B� =1<19C5��124?=9>1< @19>��1>4 491BB851��=?CD�3?==?><I�9>�D85 D89B4�DB9=5CD5B��!D�9C
1CC?391D54�G9D8�89785B�B1D5C�?6 =9C31BB9175� CD9<<29BD8��1>4 @B5D5B=�29BD8� �?>75>9D1<�<9CD5B9?C9C ?33EBC
F91�DB1>C@<135>D1<�DB1>C=9CC9?>��G89<5 >5?>1D1<�<9CD5B9?C9C ?33EBC�6?<<?G9>7�59D85B�DB1>C@<135>D1<
9>653D9?>�?B�9>?3E<1D9?>�1D 29BD8 6B?=�3?>D1=9>1D54�F179>1<�C53B5D9?>C��)I=@D?=C�F1BI�21C54�?>�D85
B?ED5�1>4�D9=9>7�?6�9>653D9?>��B1>79>7�6B?=�=9>?B��C5<6�<9=9D9>7�9<<>5CC�D? C5@C9C 1>4�451D8�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
D - Ingestion of cat feces

Explanation Why

!>75CD9?>�?6�31D�6535C�9C�5C@5391<<I�1CC?391D54�G9D8�D85�DB1>C=9CC9?>�?6 Toxoplasma gondii��G8938�9C�1


@1B1C9D5�1>4�>?D�1�7B1=�@?C9D9F5�?B71>9C=�1C�C55>�9>�D89C�@1D95>D� *?H?@<1C=?C9C 9C�ECE1<<I
1CI=@D?=1D93��9>3<E49>7�9>�@B57>1>D�@1D95>DC� �?>75>9D1<�D?H?@<1C=?C9C 31>��8?G5F5B��<514�D?
C5B9?EC�3?=@<931D9?>C�6?B�D85�65DEC�1>4 >5G2?B>�

E - Drinking contaminated water

Explanation Why

�B9>;9>7�3?>D1=9>1D54�G1D5B�9C�1�=?45�?6�DB1>C=9CC9?>�6?B�=E<D9@<5�9<<>5CC5C��5�7�� 38?<5B1�
<579?>5<<?C9C� DI@8?94�65F5B��1>4�1<D8?E78 L. monocytogenes =1I�25�DB1>C=9DD54�F91�D89C�B?ED5�
1>?D85B�C?EB35�9C�=E38�=?B5�<9;5<I�

F - Inhalation of droplets

Explanation Why

�B?@<5D�DB1>C=9CC9?>�9C�1�3?==?>�=?45�?6�=1>I�9>653D9?>C��2ED�>?D�1�=?45�2I�G8938 <9CD5B9?C9C 9C
C@B514� ,1B935<<1 9C�1�F9B1<�9>653D9?>�C@B514�2I�4B?@<5DC�D81D�9C�5C@5391<<I�3<9>931<<I�B5<5F1>D�4EB9>7
@B57>1>3I��� F1B935<<1 2<??4�3E<DEB5 G?E<4��8?G5F5B��>?D�C8?G�D85�7B1=�@?C9D9F5�?B71>9C=C�C55>�9>
D89C�@1D95>D�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 6

� ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>�9C�2B?E78D�D?�D85�5=5B75>3I�45@1BD=5>D�2531EC5�?6�1 ��41I 89CD?BI�?6 <?G5B


124?=9>1<�@19>�1>4�F179>1<�2<5549>7�� 5B <1CD�=5>CDBE1<�@5B9?4�G1C ��G55;C 17?��� EB9>5�@B57>1>3I�D5CD
9C�@?C9D9F5����@5<F93�E<DB1C?E>4�C8?GC�1�>?B=1<�1@@51B9>7�ED5BEC�G9D8�1> 5=@DI�9>DB1ED5B9>5�31F9DI 1>4�1
=9>9=1<�1=?E>D�?6�6B55�@5<F93�6<E94��*B51D=5>D�G9D8�1�4BE7�9C�257E>��-8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�9C�D85�=?CD
<9;5<I�56653D�?6�D89C�4BE7�

Answer Image

� �53B51C5�9>�7E1>I<1D5

� !>3B51C5�9>�D8I=949>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5

� !>3B51C5�9>�45?HIEB949>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5

� �53B51C5�9>�@8?C@8?B92?CI<�@IB?@8?C@81D5

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Answer Image

� !>3B51C5�9>�D5DB18I4B?6?<1D5�@?<I7<ED1=1D5

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*85�=54931<�DB51D=5>D�?6�38?935�6?B E>3?=@<931D54�53D?@93�@B57>1>3I 9C =5D8?DB5H1D5 �$*.��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Decrease in guanylate

Explanation Why

��453B51C5�9>�7E1>I<1D5��D85�3?>:E71D5�6?B=�?6 7E1>?C9>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5 ��$'���G?E<4�25


5H@53D54�9>�@1D95>DC�D1;9>7 =I3?@85>?<1D5�=?65D9< �$$���1>4 B921F9B9>��*85C5�=54931D9?>C�9>8929D
!$'�458I4B?75>1C5��G8938�3?>F5BDC 9>?C9>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5 �!$'��D? H1>D8?C9>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5
�G8938�9C�D85>�3?>F5BD54�D? �$' 2I�H1>D8I<1D5�1=9>1C5��� ?G5F5B� $*. 9>8929DC @IB9=949>5 21C5
CI>D85C9C�1>4�G?E<4�>?D�453B51C5�7E1>I<1D5�

B - Increase in thymidine monophosphate

Explanation Why

�>�9>3B51C5�9>�D8I=949>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5��*$'�1>4�4*$'��G?E<4�>?D�25�5H@53D54�9>�@1D95>DC�D1;9>7
$*.� $*. 3?=@5D9D9F5<I�9>8929DC 498I4B?6?<1D5�B54E3D1C5��G8938�31D1<IJ5C�D85�5>JI=1D93�B513D9?>
D81D�6?B=C�4*$'��45?HID8I=949>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5���*8EC��1�@1D95>D�D1;9>7 =5D8?DB5H1D5 G?E<4�81F5
453B51C54�B1D85B�D81>�9>3B51C54�<5F5<C�?6�4*$'�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
USMLE e e r m h nne s
Me est i e s: https://t.me/USMLEMe est

K p n ssr m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEK p n

USMLE i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE Step

e ker i e s: https://t.me/USMLE e ker

r s e n i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n

r s e n i e s Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n Step K

Ph se i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPh se

Pi ri e i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPi ri e

P th m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEP th m

nA i s i h it : https://t.me/USMLE nA i s

Am ss r p: https://t.me/USMLEAm ss

Le t ri nk: https://t.me/USMLELe t ri

En p int P s: https://t.me/USMLEEn p int

USMLE MEs: https://t.me/USMLE ME

L E Me E : https://t.me/USMLE n ineMe E

USMLE r Step : https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE r Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r Step K

USMLE r Step nk: https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE Anki: https://t.me/USMLEAnki

KissPrep: https://t.me/USMLEKissPrep

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
C - Increase in deoxyuridine monophosphate

Image

Explanation But

&D85B�=54931D9?>C�D81D�9>8929D 498I4B?6?<1D5�B54E3D1C5 1>4�D85B56?B5�81F5�C9=9<1B�56653DC�D? $*. 1B5


DB9=5D8?@B9= �*$'��1> 1>D929?D93��1>4 @IB9=5D81=9>5 �1>�1>D9@1B1C9D93��

Explanation Why

$*. 9C�1 6?<1D5 1>D9=5D12?<9D5 D81D 3?=@5D9D9F5<I�9>8929DC 498I4B?6?<1D5�B54E3D1C5� �98I4B?6?<1D5


B54E3D1C5 B54E35C�498I4B?6?<1D5��5>12<9>7�9D�D?�13D�1C�1�=5D8I<�7B?E@�C8EDD<5�6?B D8I=94I<1D5�CI>D81C5�
*8I=94I<1D5�CI>D81C5 2E9<4C D8I=9>5 21C5C��3?>F5BD9>7�45?HIEB949>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5��4+$'��D?
45?HID8I=949>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5��4*$'���!>8929D9?>�?6 498I4B?6?<1D5�B54E3D1C5 2I $*.� D85B56?B5�
31EC5C�1�2E9<4E@�?6�4+$'�1>4�1�453B51C5�9>�4*$'��56653D9F5<I�81<D9>7�D85�@B?4E3D9?>�?6 @IB9=949>5
21C5C��G8938�1B5�5CC5>D91<�@B53EBC?BC�6?B �%��CI>D85C9C��!>�D85�31C5�?6 53D?@93�@B57>1>3I��1C�C55>�9>
D89C�@1D95>D��9>56653D9F5 �%��CI>D85C9C 2<?3;C�7B?GD8�1>4�45F5<?@=5>D�?6�D85�65BD9<9J54�577�
DI@931<<I�<5149>7�D?�1�B1@94�453B51C5�9> O�8�� <5F5<C�G9D89>�?>5�G55;�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
D - Decrease in phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate

Image

Explanation Why

��453B51C5�9> @8?C@8?B92?CI<�@IB?@8?C@81D5 �'(''��G?E<4�>?D�25�5H@53D54�9>�@1D95>DC�D1;9>7 $*.�


$*. 3?=@5D9D9F5<I�9>8929DC 498I4B?6?<1D5�B54E3D1C5 �� �(���G8938�31D1<IJ5C�D85�5>JI=1D93
B513D9?>�D81D�6?B=C�4*$'��45?HID8I=949>5�=?>?@8?C@81D5���<5149>7�D?�1>�9>3B51C5�9>�E@CDB51=
@B53EBC?B�=?<53E<5C�<9;5 '(''� '('' G?E<4�1<C?�25�9>3B51C54�9>�@1D95>DC�D1;9>7�45�>?F? @EB9>5
CI>D85C9C�9>8929D?BC��5�7�� ��=5B31@D?@EB9>5� 1J1D89?@B9>5��

E - Increase in tetrahydrofolate polyglutamate

Explanation Why

!>3B51C5�9> D5DB18I4B?6?<1D5�@?<I7<ED1=1D5��D85�29?<?7931<<I�13D9F5�6?B=�?6 6?<1D5��G?E<4�>?D�25


5H@53D54�9>�@1D95>DC�D1;9>7 $*.� $*. 3?=@5D9D9F5<I�9>8929DC 498I4B?6?<1D5�B54E3D1C5��D85�5>JI=5

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
B5C@?>C92<5�6?B�13D9F1D9>7 6?<1D5��*85B56?B5��1�453B51C5�9> D5DB18I4B?6?<1D5�@?<I7<ED1=1D5 G?E<4
B1D85B�25�C55>�9>�@1D95>DC�D1;9>7 $*.�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 7

��@B5F9?EC<I�851<D8I ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>� 7B1F941��� @1B1����1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?>�3?=5C�D?�D85


@8IC9391>�6?B�1�B?ED9>5�@B5>1D1<�F9C9D���EBB5>D�=54931D9?>C�9>3<E45�6?<93�1394�1>4�1�=E<D9F9D1=9>���
B53D?F179>1<�CG12�3E<DEB5�7B?GC 2139DB139>�B5C9CD1>D 3?<?>95C�?6 7B1=�@?C9D9F5 3?339�G9D8�CEBB?E>49>7
1B51C�?6�3<51B�85=?<IC9C��-8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�9C�D85�=?CD�1@@B?@B91D5�9>D5BF5>D9?>�D?�453B51C5�F5BD931<
DB1>C=9CC9?>�?6�D89C�?B71>9C=�

Answer Image

� )3854E<5�45<9F5BI�?6�D85�65DEC�F91���C53D9?>

� �4=9>9CD5B�25>J1D89>5�@5>939<<9>���>?G

� �2CD19>�6B?=�2B51CD65549>7

� �4=9>9CD5B�1=@939<<9>�9>DB1@1BDE=

� '5B6?B=�1=>9?35>D5C9C�1D����G55;C

� �4=9>9CD5B�9>DB1F5>?EC�9==E>5�7<?2E<9>�@?CD@1BDE=

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*89C�@1D95>D�C�CG12�3E<DEB5�9C�@?C9D9F5�6?B 7B?E@���CDB5@D?3?33EC ���)���G8938�9C�1 2139DB139>�B5C9CD1>D�


O�85=?<ID93� 7B1=�@?C9D9F5�3?33EC�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Schedule delivery of the fetus via C-section

Explanation Why

)3854E<9>7�45<9F5BI�?6�D85�65DEC�F91 ��C53D9?> G?E<4�>?D�25�1@@B?@B91D5�6?B�D89C�@1D95>D� �?<?>9J1D9?>


G9D8 ��) ?B�13D9F5�9>653D9?>��5�7�� 38?B9?1=>9?>9D9C��9C�>?D�1�B?ED9>5�9>4931D9?>�6?B ��C53D9?>�
�5C1B51>�45<9F5B95C 1B5�B5C5BF54�6?B�@1D95>DC�G9D8�CD1>41B4�?2CD5DB93�9>4931D9?>C��5�7���9>CE669395>D
=1D5B>1<�3?>DB13D9?>C��65D1<�=1<@?C9D9?>� 35@81<?@5<F93�49C@B?@?BD9?>��?B�C5F5B5�9>653D9?>C�D81D
@B5C5>D�1<?>7�G9D8 65D1<�49CDB5CC�

B - Administer benzathine penicillin G now

Explanation Why

�5>J1D89>5 @5>939<<9>�� 9C�EC54�9>�D85�DB51D=5>D�?6 CI@89<9C 1>4�9>653D9?>�G9D8 Streptococcus


pyogenes �G8938�9C�C5>C9D9F5�D? 2139DB139>��E><9;5�D85�?B71>9C=�3E<DEB54�9>�D89C�@1D95>D���-89<5 ��)
9>653D9?>�31>�1<C?�25�DB51D54�G9D8 @5>939<<9>����14=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6�D85 1>D929?D93 1D�D89C�D9=5�G?E<4�>?D
25�1@@B?@B91D5�2531EC5�9D�4?5C�>?D�5<9=9>1D5�D85�B9C;�?6�B53?<?>9J1D9?>�1D�D85�D9=5�?6�45<9F5BI�

C - Abstain from breastfeeding

Explanation Why

�2CD19>9>7�6B?= 2B51CD65549>7 4E5�D?�1 7B?E@���CDB5@D?3?331< ���)��9>653D9?>�G?E<4�>?D�25


1@@B?@B91D5�9>�D89C�@1D95>D� ��) 31>�25�@1CC54�D?�D85 >5?>1D5 4EB9>7�45<9F5BI�2ED�>?D�D8B?E78 2B51CD
=9<;��(51C?>C�D?�@5B=1>5>D<I�12CD19>�6B?= 2B51CD65549>7 9>3<E45�=1D5B>1<�9>653D9?>C�G9D8
B5DB?F9BEC5C �5�7�� !, 1>4 8E=1>�*�35<<�<I=@8?DB?@93�F9BEC��?B 52?<1�F9BEC��?B 3<1CC93�71<13D?C5=91
9>�D85 9>61>D��!>4931D9?>C�6?B�D5=@?B1B9<I�12CD19>9>7�9>3<E45�13D9F5 85B@5C�9>653D9?> 1>4�3?>3?=9D1>D
EC5�?6�D?H93�=54931D9?>C��5�7�� D5DB13I3<9>5C��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
D - Administer ampicillin intrapartum

Explanation Why

�=@939<<9> �?B @5>939<<9>����9C�14=9>9CD5B54�9>�D85�9>DB1@1BDE=�@5B9?4�1C�@B?@8I<1H9C�1719>CD�>5?>1D1<


7B?E@���CDB5@D?3?331< ���)��9>653D9?>��$1D5B>1< ��) 3?<?>9J1D9?> 9C�1�=1:?B B9C;�613D?B 6?B�51B<I�
?>C5D�>5?>1D1<�9>653D9?>�1>4 C5@C9C��)3B55>9>7�6?B ��) 3?<?>9J1D9?> �3E<DEB5�?6�F179>1<�1>4�B53D1<
CG12C��9C�9>4931D54�9>�1<<�@B57>1>D�G?=5>�1D���M���G55;C� 75CD1D9?> 1>4 1>D929?D93�@B?@8I<1H9C 9C
9>4931D54�9>�1<<�G?=5>�G9D8�1�@?C9D9F5�C3B55>9>7��!D�9C�1<C?�9>4931D54�9>�G?=5>�G9D8 ��) 213D5B9EB91
?33EBB9>7�1>I�D9=5�4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 1>4�9>�D8?C5�G8?�81F5�@B5F9?EC<I�79F5> 29BD8 D?�1 >5G2?B> G9D8
��) 9>653D9?>�

E - Perform amniocentesis at 37 weeks

Explanation Why

�=>9?35>D5C9C 9C�>?D�B?ED9>5�1D����G55;C� 75CD1D9?>��2ED�9D�31>�25�@5B6?B=54�96�D85B5�9C�1�B51C?>�D?


1C35BD19>�65D1< <E>7 =1DEB9DI� #E>7 =1DEB9DI�9C�1�3?>35B>�G85>�@1D95>DC�@B5C5>D�G9D8 @B5D5B=�<12?B ?B
BE@DEB5�?6�=5=2B1>5C @B9?B�D?����G55;C� 75CD1D9?>��!>�D89C�31C5��D85B5�9C�>?�B51C?>�D?�5F1<E1D5 <E>7
=1DEB9DI�1>4�>?�9>4931D9?>�6?B 1=>9?35>D5C9C 1D�D89C�D9=5�

F - Administer intravenous immune globulin postpartum

Explanation Why

!>DB1F5>?EC�9==E>5�7<?2E<9> �!,!���9C�14=9>9CD5B54�@?CD@1BDE=�1C�@B?@8I<1H9C�9>�C5F5B1<�C35>1B9?C�
5�7���9> >5?>1D5C 5H@?C54�D? =51C<5C ?B�9>�D85�31C5�?6 (8�9>3?=@1D929<9DI� !,!� 9C�>?D�9>4931D54�9>
@1D95>DC�G9D8�1�CG12�D81D�9C�@?C9D9F5�6?B 7B?E@���CDB5@D?3?33EC ���)��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 8

� ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>� 7B1F941��� @1B1����1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?>�9C�14=9DD54�D?�D85�8?C@9D1<�9>�13D9F5


<12?B�� 5B�D8B55�389<4B5>�G5B5�45<9F5B54�2I��5C1B51>�C53D9?>� &>5�8?EB�16D5B�F179>1<�45<9F5BI��D85
@<135>D1�9C�>?D�45<9F5B54��$1>E1<�C5@1B1D9?>�?6�D85�@<135>D1�<514C�D?�@B?6EC5�F179>1<�2<5549>7�� 5B�@E<C5
9C���� =9>�1>4�2<??4�@B5CCEB5�9C �� ���==� 7����69B=��>?>D5>45B�ED5B9>5�6E>4EC�9C�@1<@1D54�1D�D85�<5F5<
?6�D85�E=29<93EC�� 5=?7<?29>�9C ����7 4# 1>4�@<1D5<5D�3?E>D�9C�������� ==����3D9F1D54�@1BD91<
D8B?=2?@<1CD9>�D9=5�1>4�@B?D8B?=29>�D9=5�1B5�G9D89>�>?B=1<�<9=9DC��-8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�9C�D85�=?CD
<9;5<I�E>45B<I9>7�=5381>9C=�?6�D89C�@1D95>D�C�@?CD@1BDE=�2<5549>7�

Answer Image

� !=@19B54�ED5B9>5�3?>DB13D9?>C

�?>CE=@D9?>�?6�9>DB1F1C3E<1B�3<?DD9>7

613D?BC

� (E@DEB5�?6�D85�ED5B9>5�G1<<

� (E@DEB5�?6�D85�65D1<�F5CC5<C

�5653D9F5�45394E1<�<1I5B�?6�D85

@<135>D1

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

'B9?B ��C53D9?>C 1B5�1>�9=@?BD1>D B9C;�613D?B 6?B�D89C�3?>49D9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Impaired uterine contractions

Explanation Why

+D5B9>5�1D?>I 9C�D85�=?CD�3?==?>�31EC5�?6 @?CD@1BDE=�85=?BB8175 1>4�?33EBC�G85>�D85 ED5BEC 619<C


D?�6E<<I�3?>DB13D�1>4�3?=@B5CC�D85�ED5B?@<135>D1<�F1C3E<1DEB5�16D5B @<135>D1< 45<9F5BI��'1D95>DC�G9D8�1
89CD?BI�?6�=E<D9@<5 @B57>1>395C 1B5�1D�9>3B51C54�B9C;�� ?G5F5B��@1D95>DC�G?E<4�@B5C5>D�G9D8�1�C?6D�
5><1B754�1>4�1C35>49>7 ED5BEC��*89C�@1D95>D�81C�1�69B= ED5BEC 1>4�45F5<?@54�2<5549>7�6?<<?G9>7
1DD5=@D54�=1>E1<�C5@1B1D9?>�?6�D85 @<135>D1�

B - Consumption of intravascular clotting factors

Explanation Why

�?>CE=@D9?>�?6 9>DB1F1C3E<1B 3<?DD9>7�613D?BC�?33EBC�4EB9>7 �!���-89<5�D89C�@1D95>D�C @?CD@1BDE=


85=?BB8175 9C�1 B9C;�613D?B 6?B �!���>?B=1<�F1<E5C�6?B @<1D5<5D�3?E>D� '*��1>4 '** =1;5�D89C�1>
E><9;5<I�31EC5�?6�85B�3?>D9>E54�2<5549>7��&D85B B9C;�613D?BC 6?B �!� 9> @B57>1>3I 9>3<E45 @<135>D1<
12BE@D9?>� @B553<1=@C91� 53<1=@C91� �##'� 13ED5�61DDI�<9F5B�?6�@B57>1>3I� 1=>9?D93�6<E94�5=2?<9C=�
1>4 C5@C9C�

C - Rupture of the uterine wall

Explanation Why

'1D95>DC�G9D8�1�89CD?BI�?6�@B5F9?EC ��C53D9?>C 1B5�@1BD93E<1B<I @B?>5 D? ED5B9>5�BE@DEB5 4E5�D?


C31BB9>7� +D5B9>5�BE@DEB5 9C�381B13D5B9J54�2I�CE445>�?>C5D F179>1<�2<5549>7 4EB9>7 <12?B��1CC?391D54
G9D8�C5F5B5�124?=9>1< @19>��ED5B9>5�D5>45B>5CC��=1D5B>1<�85=?4I>1=93�9>CD129<9DI��1>4 65D1<�49CDB5CC�
>?>5�?6�G8938�1B5�@B5C5>D�85B5��*89C�@1D95>D�45F5<?@54�2<5549>7�?>5�8?EB�16D5B�F179>1<�45<9F5BI
6?<<?G9>7�1DD5=@D54�=1>E1<�C5@1B1D9?>�?6�D85 @<135>D1�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
D - Rupture of the fetal vessels

Explanation Why

,1C1�@B5F91 31EC5C�1>D5@1BDE=��>?D @?CD@1BDE=�85=?BB8175��*89C�3?>49D9?>�ECE1<<I�@B5C5>DC�G9D8�1


CE445>�?>C5D�?6�@19><5CC�2<5549>7�9>�D85 D89B4�DB9=5CD5B�

E - Defective decidual layer of the placenta

Image

Explanation But

!6 @<135>D1�133B5D1 9C�69BCD�4917>?C54�16D5B�F179>1<�45<9F5BI��1C�9>�D89C�@1D95>D��5=5B75>D <1@1B?D?=I 9C


9>4931D54�D?�3?>DB?<�D85�2<5549>7�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Explanation Why

'<135>D1�133B5D1 ?33EBC�G85>�D85 @<135>D1 9C�49B53D<I�1485B5>D�D?�D85 =I?=5DB9E= 9>CD514�?6�D85


45394E1�21C1<9C 2ED�4?5C�>?D�9>F145�?B�@5>5DB1D5�D85 =I?=5DB9E= �9�5�� @<135>D1�9>3B5D1����<D8?E78
D85�5H13D�5D9?<?7I�9C�E>;>?G>��@B5F9?EC ��C53D9?>C 1B5�D85�=?CD�9=@?BD1>D B9C;�613D?B���<9>931<<I�
@1D95>DC�@B5C5>D�G9D8�45<1I54 @<135>D1< 45D138=5>D�1>4�=1CC9F5��<965�D8B51D5>9>7 @?CD@1BDE=
85=?BB8175 1D�D85�D9=5�?6�1DD5=@D54�=1>E1<�C5@1B1D9?>�?6�D85 @<135>D1��1C�C55>�9>�D89C�@1D95>D�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 9

�>�9>F5CD971D?B�9C�CDE4I9>7�D85�B5<1D9?>C89@�25DG55> 65D1<�2<??4�?HI75>�C1DEB1D9?> 1>4�9>DB1ED5B9>5


7B?GD8�B5CDB93D9?>�EC9>7�$(!�CDE495C��*85�=17>5D93�B5C?>1>35�DB1>CF5BC5�B5<1H1D9?>�D9=5��*���9C
9>F5BC5<I�B5<1D54�D?�D85�3?>35>DB1D9?>�?6�45?HI85=?7<?29>�C?�D81D 8978�3?>35>DB1D9?>C�?6
45?HI85=?7<?29>�@B?4E35�1�<?G�C97>1<�9>D5>C9DI�?> *��G5978D54 $(!��!>�1�>?B=1<�65DEC��D85 *��C97>1<
9C�=?CD�<9;5<I�D?�25�D85�89785CD�9>�G8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�F5CC5<C�

Answer Image

� 'E<=?>1BI�F59>C

� +=2<931<�1BD5B95C

� �E3DEC�F5>?CEC

� )E@5B9?B�F5>1�31F1

� 'E<=?>1BI�1BD5B95C

� �5C35>49>7�1?BD1

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Answer Image

� (978D�1DB9E=

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*85�89785CD *��C97>1< G?E<4�F9CE1<9J5�9>�D85�B579?>�G9D8�D85�89785CD�3?>35>DB1D9?>�?6�?HI75>1D54


85=?7<?29>���5D1<�2<??4�?HI75>1D9?>�?33EBC�9>�D85 @<135>D1��>?D�D85 <E>7C�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Pulmonary veins

Explanation Why

'?CD>1D1<<I��D85�2<??4�9>�D85 @E<=?>1BI�F59>C G?E<4�81F5�D85�89785CD &� C1DEB1D9?>�� ?G5F5B��9>�D85


31C5�?6�1�65DEC��?HI75>1D9?>�4?5C�>?D�?33EB�9>�D85 <E>7C 1>4�2<??4�6<?G�9>�D85 @E<=?>1BI�F59>C 9C
>57<9792<5�4E5�D?�F5BI�8978 @E<=?>1BI�F1C3E<1B�B5C9CD1>35��*85B56?B5��1>I�2<??4�9>�D85 @E<=?>1BI
F59>C ?6�1�65DEC�G?E<4�81F5�1>�5HDB5=5<I�<?G &� C1DEB1D9?>���<??4�9>�1�49665B5>D�B579?>�?6 65D1<
39B3E<1D9?> G?E<4�81F5�D85�89785CD &� C1DEB1D9?>�

B - Umblical arteries

Explanation Why

*85 E=29<931<�1BD5B95C DB1>C@?BD�45?HI75>1D54�2<??4�G9D8�1> &� C1DEB1D9?> ?6�1@@B?H9=1D5<I�����D?


D85 @<135>D1 6?B�?HI75>1D9?>���<??4�9>�1�49665B5>D�B579?>�?6 65D1<�39B3E<1D9?> G?E<4�81F5�D85�89785CD
&� C1DEB1D9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
C - Ductus venosus

Image

Explanation But

*85�=9H54�2<??4�9>�D85�CE@B185@1D93�C57=5>D�?6�D85 !,� 81C�1�C1DEB1D9?>�?6�1@@B?H�������!>�D85 B978D


1DB9E= �(����D85�2<??4�=9H5C�G9D8�45?HI75>1D54�2<??4�6B?=�D85 CE@5B9?B�F5>1�31F1��G8938�1<C?�81C
1> &� C1DEB1D9?> ?6������*85�2<??4�9>�D85�65D1< (� 31>�5>D5B�D85 <56D�1DB9E= �#���F91�D85 6?B1=5>
?F1<5�?6�D85�65D1<�851BD ?B�D85 B978D�F5>DB93<5 �(,��F91�D85 DB93EC@94�F1<F5�� ?G5F5B��D85�1>1D?=I�?6
D85 ),� 1>4 !,� ?@5>9>7C�9>D?�D85 (� 49B53DC�D85�2<??4�6<?G�9>�CE38�1�G1I�D81D�=?B5�2<??4�@1CC5C
6B?=�D85 !,� 9>D?�D85�#��D81>�D85�(,��*89C�B5CE<DC�9>�1�49665B5>D91< &� C1DEB1D9?> ?6�1@@B?H������9>
D85�#��1>4�����9>�D85�(,��*85�2<??4�6B?=�D85�(,�5>D5BC�D85 @E<=?>1BI�1BD5BI 1>4��CE2C5AE5>D<I�
D85 45C35>49>7�1?BD1 F91�D85 4E3DEC�1BD5B9?CEC��*85�2<??4�9>�D85�#��5>D5BC�D85 <56D�F5>DB93<5 1>4
CE2C5AE5>D<I�B51385C�D85�E@@5B�81<6�?6�D85�2?4I�F91�D85 1C35>49>7�1?BD1��*85B56?B5��D85�E@@5B�81<6�?6
D85�2?4I�B5359F5C�2<??4�G9D8�1�89785B &� C1DEB1D9?> D81>�D85�<?G5B�81<6��*89C�85<@C�CE@@<I�=?B5
?HI75>1D54�2<??4�D?�D85�2B19>�

Explanation Why

*85 E=29<931<�F59> 31BB95C�?HI75>1D54�2<??4�6B?=�D85 @<135>D1 G9D8�1> &� C1DEB1D9?> ?6���M�����*85


4E3DEC�F5>?CEC 3?>>53DC�D85 E=29<931<�F59> 1>4�85@1D93�C57=5>D�?6�D85 9>65B9?B�F5>1�31F1 �!,����*85

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
E=29<931<�F59> 1>4 4E3DEC�F5>?CEC��D85B56?B5��81F5�D85�89785CD &� C1DEB1D9?>��*85�2<??4�6B?=�D85
4E3DEC�F5>?CEC =9H5C�G9D8�D85�45?HI75>1D54�2<??4��C1DEB1D9?>�?6�1@@B?H�������6B?=�D85�9>6B185@1D93
C57=5>D�?6�D85 !,��

D - Superior vena cava

Explanation Why

*85 &� C1DEB1D9?> 9>�D85 CE@5B9?B�F5>1�31F1 1>4�D85�9>6B185@1D93�B579?>�?6�D85 9>65B9?B�F5>1�31F1 ?6


D85�65DEC�9C�1@@B?H9=1D5<I�������C�9>�@?CD>1D1<�39B3E<1D9?>��D85C5�B579?>C�G?E<4�3?>D19> 85=?7<?29>
G9D8�D85�<?G5CD &� C1DEB1D9?>�

E - Pulmonary arteries

Explanation Why

*85 &� C1DEB1D9?> 9>�D85 @E<=?>1BI�1BD5B95C ?6�1�65DEC�9C�1@@B?H9=1D5<I�������<??4�9>�1�49665B5>D


B579?>�?6 65D1<�39B3E<1D9?> G?E<4�81F5�D85�89785CD &� C1DEB1D9?>�

F - Descending aorta

Explanation Why

*85 &� C1DEB1D9?> 9>�D85 45C35>49>7�1?BD1 ?6�1�65DEC�9C�1@@B?H9=1D5<I�������<??4�9>�1�49665B5>D


B579?>�?6 65D1<�39B3E<1D9?> G?E<4�81F5�D85�89785CD &� C1DEB1D9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
G - Right atrium

Explanation Why

*85 B978D�1DB9E= B5359F5C�1�=9HDEB5�?6�?HI75>1D54�1>4�45?HI75>1D54�2<??4�1>4�81C�1> &� C1DEB1D9?>


?6�1@@B?H9=1D5<I�������<??4�9>�1�49665B5>D�B579?>�?6 65D1<�39B3E<1D9?> G?E<4�81F5�D85�89785CD &�
C1DEB1D9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 10

� ����7 ���<2 ���?J��65=1<5�>5G2?B>�45<9F5B54�1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?> 45F5<?@C B1@94�2B51D89>7�


7BE>D9>7��3I1>?C9C��1>4�CE23?CD1<�B5DB13D9?>C C8?BD<I�16D5B�29BD8�� 5B�=?D85B�494�>?D�B5359F5�1>I�@B5>1D1<
31B5���B51D8�C?E>4C�1B5�453B51C54�?F5B�2?D8�<E>7�695<4C���> H�B1I ?6�D85�385CD�C8?GC 4966EC5�69>5�
B5D93E<1B�45>C9D95C�29<1D5B1<<I���>D5>1D1<�14=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6�G8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�4BE7C�G?E<4�=?CD
<9;5<I�81F5�@B5F5>D54�D89C�9>61>D�C�3EBB5>D�3?>49D9?>�

Answer Image

� �@9>5@8B9>5

� �5D1=5D81C?>5

� *8IB?DB?@9>�B5<51C9>7�8?B=?>5

� &HID?39>

� !>CE<9>

� !>4?=5D8139>

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*89C�@1D95>D�C�3<9>931<�C97>C��D138I@>51��7BE>D9>7��CE23?CD1<�B5DB13D9?>C� 3I1>?C9C��1>4�453B51C54�2B51D8
C?E>4C���9=179>7�69>49>7C�?6�4966EC5�69>5��B5D93E<1B��7B?E>4�7<1CC��45>C9D95C��1>4�89CD?BI�?6 @B5=1DEB5
29BD8 G9D8?ED @B5>1D1<�31B5 =1;5 >5?>1D1<�B5C@9B1D?BI�49CDB5CC�CI>4B?=5 �%(�)��D85�=?CD�<9;5<I
4917>?C9C�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Epinephrine

Explanation Why

�>4?75>?EC 5@9>5@8B9>5 1>4�?D85B 31D538?<1=9>5C 1B5�9>F?<F54�9>�@B?=?D9>7�65D1< <E>7 =1DEB9DI�9>�


ED5B?�� ?G5F5B� 5@9>5@8B9>5 14=9>9CDB1D9?>�9C�>?D�56653D9F5�6?B�D85�@B5F5>D9?>�?6 >5?>1D1<�B5C@9B1D?BI
49CDB5CC�CI>4B?=5�

B - Betamethasone

Image

Explanation Why

$1D5B>1<�1>D5>1D1<�14=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6 25D1=5D81C?>5 =?CD�<9;5<I�G?E<4�81F5�@B5F5>D54 >5?>1D1<


B5C@9B1D?BI�49CDB5CC�CI>4B?=5 �%(�)��9>�D89C�@1D95>D� �<E3?3?BD93?94C CE38�1C 25D1=5D81C?>5 1>4

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
45H1=5D81C?>5 @B?=?D5�65D1< <E>7 =1DEB9DI�1>4�9>3B51C5�D85�@B?4E3D9?>�?6 CEB613D1>D F91�CD9=E<1D9?>
?6 DI@5�!!�@>5E=?3ID5� �<E3?3?BD93?94C 1B5�DI@931<<I�14=9>9CD5B54�1D�<51CD����8?EBC�256?B5�45<9F5BI�9>
@1D95>DC�1D�B9C;�?6 @B5D5B=�29BD8��D?�5>CEB5�5>?E78�D9=5�6?B�56653D�

C - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Explanation Why

�>4?75>?EC D8IB?DB?@9>�B5<51C9>7�8?B=?>5 �*( ��85<@C�9>3B51C5 <E>7 =1DEB9DI�9>�ED5B?��2I


9>3B51C9>7 *� 1>4 *� 13D9F9DI�1>4�D85B52I�CD9=E<1D9>7 CEB613D1>D B5<51C5�� ?G5F5B� *( 9C�>?D�EC54
9> >5?>1D1<�B5C@9B1D?BI�49CDB5CC�CI>4B?=5 @B5F5>D9?>�C9>35�CDE495C�81F5�C8?G>�D81D *( 4?5C�>?D
9=@B?F5�?ED3?=5C�

D - Oxytocin

Explanation Why

&HID?39> 9C�14=9>9CD5B54�@B9=1B9<I�D?�9>4E35 <12?B��-89<5�9D�31>�C<978D<I�9>3B51C5�65D1< CEB613D1>D


<5F5<C� ?HID?39> 9C�>?D�B57E<1B<I�EC54�D?�@B?=?D5�65D1< <E>7 =1DEB9DI�1>4�G?E<4�>?D�81F5�@B5F5>D54
%(�) 9>�D89C 9>61>D�

E - Insulin

Explanation Why

'8IC9?<?7931<�3?>35>DB1D9?>C�?6 9>CE<9> 9>3B51C5�7<E3?C5�E@D1;5�2I DI@5�!!�@>5E=?3ID5 1>4�3?>DB92ED5


D? <E>7 =1DEB9DI�� ?G5F5B� 8I@5B9>CE<9>5=91 81C�D85�?@@?C9D5�56653D�1>4�45<1IC <E>7 =1DEB9DI�
�?>C5AE5>D<I� 9>CE<9> 9C�>?D�EC54�D?�@B5F5>D >5?>1D1<�B5C@9B1D?BI�49CDB5CC�CI>4B?=5�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
F - Indomethacin

Explanation Why

!>4?=5D8139> 9C�EC54�D85B1@5ED931<<I�D?�3<?C5�D85 4E3DEC�1BD5B9?CEC 9>�@1D95>DC�2?B>�G9D8�1 @1D5>D


4E3DEC�1BD5B9?CEC �'���� !>4?=5D8139> 9C�>?D�9>4931D54�9>�D85�@B5F5>D9?>�?6 >5?>1D1<�B5C@9B1D?BI
49CDB5CC�CI>4B?=5�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 11

� ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>� 7B1F941����@1B1����1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?>�3?=5C�D?�D85�@8IC9391>�6?B�1�B?ED9>5


@B5>1D1<�5H1=9>1D9?>��)5BE=�CDE495C�1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?>�C8?G54�1> 12>?B=1<<I�5<5F1D54 N�65D?@B?D59>
<5F5< 1>4�>?B=1<�25D1�8E=1>�38?B9?>93�7?>14?DB?@9>�1>4�5CDB9?<�<5F5<C���6D5B�75>5D93�3?E>C5<9>7��D85
@1D95>D�453945C�D?�3?>D9>E5�G9D8�D85�@B57>1>3I�G9D8?ED�1>I�4917>?CD93�D5CD9>7��*85�B5=19>45B�?6�85B
@B57>1>3I�9C�E>3?=@<931D54�1>4�C85�45<9F5BC�1�2?I�1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?>���>1<IC9C�?6�D85�9>61>D�C
<5E;?3ID5C�C8?GC�1 ����./ ;1BI?DI@5��-8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�9C�D85�=?CD�<9;5<I�31EC5�6?B�D85�12>?B=1<
C53?>4�DB9=5CD5B D5CD�B5CE<DC�

Answer Image

� (?25BDC?>91>�DB1>C<?31D9?>

� +>45B5CD9=1D9?>�?6�75CD1D9?>1<�175

� �?>75>9D1<�E=29<931<�85B>91

� )@9>1�296941�?33E<D1

� $1D5B>1<�8I@?D8IB?949C=

� �5CD1D9?>1<�DB?@8?2<1CD93�49C51C5

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

�<@81�65D?@B?D59> ���'��9C�>?B=1<<I�=145�2I�D85�65DEC�1>4�5H3B5D54�9>�65D1< EB9>5��!>3B51C54 ��'


3?>35>DB1D9?>C�31>�25�31EC54�2I�D85�5H@1>C9?>�?6�D85�65D1< I?<;�C13 1C�G5<<�1C�@1D8?<?7931<
3?==E>931D9?>C�25DG55>�D85�65DEC�1>4�D85 1=>9?> �5�7���124?=9>1<�G1<<�45653DC� >5EB1<�DE25�45653DC�
1>4�3ED1>5?EC�49C?B45BC��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Robertsonian translocation

Explanation Why

(?25BDC?>91>�DB1>C<?31D9?> 133?E>DC�6?B�1�=9>?B9DI�?6�31C5C�?6 �?G>�CI>4B?=5� '1D1E�CI>4B?=5��1>4


�4G1B4C�CI>4B?=5 1>4�G?E<4�25�1CC?391D54�G9D8�1�>?B=1< 38B?=?C?=1< >E=25B��1C�C55>�85B5�
?G5F5B� �?G>�CI>4B?=5� '1D1E�CI>4B?=5��1>4 �4G1B4C�CI>4B?=5 G?E<4�ECE1<<I�B5CE<D�9>
453B51C54�<5F5<C�?6 N�65D?@B?D59> ���'��1>4 5CDB9?< 9>�=1D5B>1<�C5BE=��1>4�12>?B=1<�69>49>7C�?>
69BCD�DB9=5CD5B E<DB1C?>?7B1@8I �5�7���9>3B51C54 >E381<�DB1>C<E35>3I���*85�3?>CD5<<1D9?>�?6�9>3B51C54
��'��>?B=1<�C5BE= O�8�� 1>4 5CDB9?<��1>4�>?B=1<�69BCD�DB9=5CD5B E<DB1C?E>4 81C�1�49665B5>D
5H@<1>1D9?>�

B - Underestimation of gestational age

Explanation Why

!>3?BB53D�5CD9=1D9?>�?6�D85 75CD1D9?>1<�175 9C�D85�=?CD�3?==?>�31EC5�?6�12>?B=1< N�65D?@B?D59>


���'��<5F5<C��9>�D89C�31C5��D85�@1D95>D�=?CD�<9;5<I�E>45B5CD9=1D54�D85�4EB1D9?>�?6�85B @B57>1>3I���C�1
B5CE<D��D85 ��' F1<E5�G1C�3?=@1B54�D?�D85�CD1>41B49J54 =51> 6?B�1����G55;�?<4�65DEC�G85>��9>
13DE1<9DI��D85�65DEC�G1C�6EBD85B�1<?>7�9>�45F5<?@=5>D���531EC5 ��' 9C�CI>D85C9J54�2I�D85�65D1< I?<;
C13� <9F5B��1>4 71CDB?9>D5CD9>1<�DB13D��9DC�3?>35>DB1D9?>�9>3B51C5C�D8B?E78?ED @B57>1>3I 1C�D85�65DEC
7B?GC��*8EC��1>�9>133EB1D5 75CD1D9?>1<�175 31>�31EC5�D85�=1D5B>1<�C5BE=�<5F5<�D?�1@@51B�12>?B=1<<I
<?G�?B�8978��$51CEB5=5>D�?6�=1D5B>1<�C5BE= ��' 9C�?6D5>�3?=29>54�G9D8�65D1< E<DB1C?E>4 D?�5>CEB5
D81D�D85�2<??4�D5CD�9C�9>D5B@B5D54�21C54�?>�D85�3?BB53D 75CD1D9?>1<�175�

C - Congenital umbilical hernia

Explanation Why

�?>75>9D1<�E=29<931<�85B>91 9C�1CC?391D54�G9D8�>?B=1< N�65D?@B?D59> ���'��9>�=1D5B>1<�C5BE=��!D�9C


31EC54�2I�9>3?=@<5D5�3<?CEB5�?6�D85�124?=9>1<�B9>7�1>4�3?==?><I�=1>965CDC�1C�1>�1CI=@D?=1D93�
B54E392<5� C;9>�3?F5B54�2E<75�1D�D85 E=29<93EC��!D�9C�49CD9>3D�6B?= 71CDB?C389C9C 1>4 ?=@81<?35<5��2?D8

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
?6�G8938�1B5�124?=9>1<�G1<<�45653DC�D81D�31EC5�5H@?CEB5�1>4 85B>91D9?> ?6�124?=9>1< F9C35B1 1C�G5<<
1C�5<5F1D54 ��' <5F5<C�

D - Spina bifida occulta

Explanation Why

�<D8?E78 C@9>1�296941 �1>4�?D85B�?@5> >5EB1<�DE25�45653DC��=1>965CDC�G9D8�1>�5<5F1D54 ��'� C@9>1


296941�?33E<D1 9C�1CC?391D54�G9D8�1�>?B=1< N�65D?@B?D59> ���'��9>�=1D5B>1<�C5BE=���531EC5 C@9>1
296941�?33E<D1 4?5C�>?D�B5CE<D�9>�1�3?==E>931D9?>�25DG55>�D85�65D1<�D9CCE5�1>4�D85 1=>9?D93�6<E94�
��' 31>>?D�<51;�9>D?�D85 1=>9?>� %5?>1D5C G9D8�D89C�3?>49D9?>�3<1CC931<<I�@B5C5>D�G9D8�1�DE6D�?6 819B
?B C;9> 49=@<5�1D�D85�<5F5<�?6�D85�45653D�9>�D85 <E=21B�C@9>5�

E - Maternal hypothyroidism

Explanation Why

�?>75>9D1<�8I@?D8IB?949C= 4E5�D? D8IB?94 4IC75>5C9C�9C�1CC?391D54�G9D8�9>3B51C54 N�65D?@B?D59>


���'��2ED�=1D5B>1< 8I@?D8IB?949C= 9C�>?D�1CC?391D54�G9D8�5<5F1D54 ��'�

F - Gestational trophoblastic disease

Explanation Why

�5CD1D9?>1<�DB?@8?2<1CD93�49C51C5 ��*���G?E<4�>?D�B5CE<D�9>�1�F912<5�65DEC��$?B5?F5B� �*� G?E<4


81F5�B5CE<D54�9>�5<5F1D54�C5BE= O�8����453B51C54�?B�>?B=1< N�65D?@B?D59> ���'���1>4�1>�9>DB1ED5B9>5
=1CC�G9D8�=E<D9@<5�8I@?538?93�6?39�?> E<DB1C?>?7B1@8I��*85�3?>CD5<<1D9?>�?6�>?B=1<�C5BE= O�8���
9>3B51C54 N�65D?@B?D59> ���'���>?B=1<�69BCD�DB9=5CD5B E<DB1C?E>4��1>4�F912<5 D5B=�@B57>1>3I 81C�1
49665B5>D�5H@<1>1D9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 12

� ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>�3?=5C�D?�D85�5=5B75>3I�45@1BD=5>D�2531EC5�?6�1 ��41I 89CD?BI�?6�>1EC51�1>4


F?=9D9>7�� 5B�<1CD�=5>CDBE1<�@5B9?4�G1C ��G55;C 17?��� EB9>5�@B57>1>3I�D5CD�9C�@?C9D9F5�
+<DB1C?>?7B1@8I�C8?GC�1>�9>DB1ED5B9>5�@B57>1>3I�3?>C9CD5>D�9>�C9J5�G9D8�1 ��G55; 75CD1D9?>��*85
8?B=?>5�D81D�G1C�=51CEB54�9>�D89C�@1D95>D�C�EB9>5�D?�45D53D�D85�@B57>1>3I 9C�1<C?�49B53D<I�B5C@?>C92<5�6?B
G8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�@B?35CC5C�

Answer Image

� $19>D5>1>35�?6�D85�3?B@EC�<ED5E=

� !>8929D9?>�?6�?FE<1D9?>

� �5D1<�1>79?75>5C9C

� �5F5<?@=5>D�?6�2B51CD�D9CCE5

I@5BDB?@8I�?6�D85�ED5B9>5

=I?=5DB9E=

!>8929D9?>�?6�@B5D5B=�ED5B9>5

3?>DB13D9?>C

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Answer Image

'B5@1B1D9?>�?6�D85�ED5B9>5

5>4?=5DB9E=�6?B�9=@<1>D1D9?>

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

E=1>�38?B9?>93�7?>14?DB?@9> �8����9C�1�49=5B�D81D�3?>C9CDC�?6�1> 1<@81�CE2E>9D 1>4�1 25D1�CE2E>9D�


-89<5�D85 1<@81�CE2E>9D 9C�945>D931<�D?�D81D�?6 6?<<93<5�CD9=E<1D9>7�8?B=?>5 ��) �� <ED59>9J9>7�8?B=?>5
�# ���1>4 D8IB?94 CD9=E<1D9>7 8?B=?>5 �*) ���D85 25D1�CE2E>9D 9C�E>9AE5�D? 8��� 'B57>1>3I D5CDC
6E>3D9?>�2I�45D53D9>7�D85�E>9AE5 25D1�CE2E>9D 9>�D85 EB9>5 ?B�2<??4��#5F5<C�?6 8�� @51;�9>�D85 69BCD
DB9=5CD5B ?6 @B57>1>3I�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Maintenance of the corpus luteum

Image

Explanation But

&D85B�6E>3D9?>C�?6 8�� 4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 9>3<E45�CD9=E<1D9?>�?6�D85�=1D5B>1< D8IB?94 D?�@B?4E35


D8IB?94�8?B=?>5��CD9=E<1D9?>�?6 14B5>1< 1>4 @<135>D1< CD5B?94?75>5C9C��C53B5D9?>�?6 B5<1H9> 6B?=�D85
3?B@EC�<ED5E=��CD9=E<1D9?>�?6 #5I497�35<<C ?6�D85�=1<5�65D1< D5CD9C D?�@B?4E35 D5CD?CD5B?>5��1>4
@B5F5>D9?>�?6�9==E>?<?7931<�B5:53D9?>�?6�D85�65DEC�

Explanation Why

!>�G?=5>�G8?�1B5�>?D�@B57>1>D��D85 3?B@EC�<ED5E= 4575>5B1D5C�1@@B?H9=1D5<I����41IC�16D5B


?FE<1D9?> 1>4�D85�CE2C5AE5>D�61<<�9> @B?75CD5B?>5 9C�B5C@?>C92<5�6?B�D85�C85449>7�?6�ED5B9>5
5>4?=5DB9E= 4EB9>7 =5>CDBE1D9?>��!6 65BD9<9J1D9?> 1>4�9=@<1>D1D9?>�?33EB� 8����G8938�9C�C53B5D54�2I
CI>3ID9?DB?@8?2<1CDC��=19>D19>C�D85 3?B@EC�<ED5E= 6?B�1D�<51CD�1>?D85B���G55;C�9>�?B45B�D?�@B5F5>D
5H@E<C9?>�?6�D85�@B?4E3DC�?6 3?>35@D9?>���6D5B�D89C�@5B9?4� @B?75CD5B?>5 @B?4E3D9?>�2I�D85 @<135>D1
B51385C�8978�5>?E78�<5F5<C�D81D�D85�ED5B9>5 5>4?=5DB9E= 9C�>?�<?>75B�45@5>45>D�?>�D85 @B?75CD5B?>5
@B?4E354�2I�D85 3?B@EC�<ED5E= �<ED51<�@<135>D1<�C896D��

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
B - Inhibition of ovulation

Explanation Why

!>8929D9?>�?6 ?FE<1D9?> 4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 9C�31EC54�2I�D85�56653DC�?6�=1D5B>1< 5CDB?75>� @B?75CD5B?>5�


1>4 9>8929>� 8�� 9>49B53D<I�9>3B51C5C @B?75CD5B?>5 1>4 9>8929> C53B5D9?>�2ED�9D�4?5C�>?D�49B53D<I
9>8929D ?FE<1D9?>��*85�49B53D�56653D�?6 8�� 9>�1>�9>49F94E1<�G8?�9C�>?D�@B57>1>D�9C�D85�9>4E3D9?>�?6
?FE<1D9?> �C9=9<1B�D?�D85�13D9?>�?6 # ���!>�613D� 8�� G1C�EC54�9>�D85�@1CD�D?�9>4E35 ?FE<1D9?> 9>
@1D95>DC�259>7�DB51D54�6?B 9>65BD9<9DI�� ?G5F5B��D85�EC5�?6 8�� 9C�1CC?391D54�G9D8�1�C97>96931>D�B9C;�?6
?F1B91>�8I@5BCD9=E<1D9?>�CI>4B?=5��1>4�C165B �>( �17?>9CDC 1B5�>?G�@B565BB54�

C - Fetal angiogenesis

Explanation Why

�5D1< 1>79?75>5C9C 9C�CD9=E<1D54�2I 8E=1>�@<135>D1<�<13D?75>��>?D 8E=1>�38?B9?>93�7?>14?DB?@9>�

D - Development of breast tissue

Explanation Why

�B?GD8�1>4�45F5<?@=5>D�?6 2B51CD D9CCE5�4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 9C�CD9=E<1D54�2I�1�3?=29>1D9?>�?6


5CDB?75>� @B?75CD5B?>5��1>4 8E=1>�@<135>D1<�<13D?75>���<D8?E78 8E=1>�38?B9?>93�7?>14?DB?@9>
9>49B53D<I�9>3B51C5C @B?75CD5B?>5 C53B5D9?>��9D�4?5C�>?D�49B53D<I�16653D 2B51CD D9CCE5�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
E - Hypertrophy of the uterine myometrium

Explanation Why

I@5BDB?@8I ?6�D85�ED5B9>5 =I?=5DB9E= 4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 9C�31EC54�2I�1�3?=29>1D9?>�?6 5CDB?75>


1>4 @B?75CD5B?>5� 8�� 31>�9>49B53D<I�9>3B51C5 @B?75CD5B?>5 C53B5D9?>��2ED�9D�4?5C�>?D�49B53D<I�16653D
D85�ED5B9>5 5>4?=5DB9E=��G85B5 7?>14?DB?@9> B535@D?BC�D81D�29>4�D? 8�� �# ��(��1B5�@B5C5>D�9>
F5BI�<?G�3?>35>DB1D9?>C�

F - Inhibition of preterm uterine contractions

Explanation Why

+D5B9>5�AE95C35>35�4EB9>7 75CD1D9?> 9C�31EC54�2I @B?75CD5B?>5 1>4�CD9=E<1D9?>�2I @B?CD17<1>49>����


E=1>�38?B9?>93�7?>14?DB?@9> 9>49B53D<I�9>3B51C5C @B?75CD5B?>5 C53B5D9?>��2ED�9D�4?5C�>?D�@<1I�1�B?<5
9>�ED5B9>5�3?>DB13D9?>C�

G - Preparation of the uterine endometrium for implantation

Explanation Why

'B?75CD5B?>5 @B5@1B5C�D85�ED5B9>5 5>4?=5DB9E= 6?B�9=@<1>D1D9?>� 8�� 31>�9>49B53D<I�9>3B51C5


@B?75CD5B?>5 C53B5D9?>��2ED�9D�4?5C�>?D�49B53D<I�16653D�D85�ED5B9>5 5>4?=5DB9E=��G85B5 7?>14?DB?@9>
B535@D?BC�D81D�29>4�D? 8�� �# ��(��1B5�@B5C5>D�9>�F5BI�<?G�3?>35>DB1D9?>C�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 13

� ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>� 7B1F941��� @1B1����1D ���G55;C 75CD1D9?>�3?=5C�D?�D85�@8IC9391>�6?B�1�B?ED9>5


@B5>1D1<�F9C9D��'8IC931<�5H1=9>1D9?>�C8?GC�1�ED5BEC�3?>C9CD5>D�9>�C9J5�G9D8�1 ���G55; 75CD1D9?>���5D1<
E<DB1C?>?7B1@8I�C8?GC�1�=1<5�65DEC�G9D8�1 D893;�21>4�3?>CDB93D9>7�D85�B978D�<?G5B�1B=� D85�<9=2�49CD1<�D?
D85�3?>CDB93D9F5�21>4�31>>?D�25�F9CE1<9J54��*85�=?CD�<9;5<I�3?>49D9?>�9C�1>�5H1=@<5�?6�G8938�?6�D85
6?<<?G9>7�5=2BI?<?7931<�12>?B=1<9D95C�

Answer Image

� �56?B=1D9?>

� �75>5C9C

� �9CBE@D9?>

� $1<6?B=1D9?>

� �@<1C91

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*89C�65DEC�=?CD�<9;5<I�81C 1=>9?D93�21>4�CI>4B?=5 G9D8�1ED?1=@ED1D9?>�?6�D85�B978D�<?G5B�1B=�4E5�D?�1


3?>CDB93D9?>�B9>7�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
USMLE e e r m h nne s
Me est i e s: https://t.me/USMLEMe est

K p n ssr m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEK p n

USMLE i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE Step

e ker i e s: https://t.me/USMLE e ker

r s e n i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n

r s e n i e s Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n Step K

Ph se i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPh se

Pi ri e i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPi ri e

P th m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEP th m

nA i s i h it : https://t.me/USMLE nA i s

Am ss r p: https://t.me/USMLEAm ss

Le t ri nk: https://t.me/USMLELe t ri

En p int P s: https://t.me/USMLEEn p int

USMLE MEs: https://t.me/USMLE ME

L E Me E : https://t.me/USMLE n ineMe E

USMLE r Step : https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE r Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r Step K

USMLE r Step nk: https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE Anki: https://t.me/USMLEAnki

KissPrep: https://t.me/USMLEKissPrep

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Deformation

Explanation Why

�56?B=1D9?>�9C�1�=?B@8?75>5D93�5BB?B�D81D�1B9C5C�16D5B�D85 5=2BI?>93�@5B9?4 �����G55;C��9>�G8938�1>


?B71>�?B�CDBE3DEB5�619<C�D?�45F5<?@�4E5�D?�1>�5HDB9>C93�6?B35���H1=@<5C�?6�456?B=1D9?>�9>3<E45
3?>75>9D1<�D1<9@5C�5AE9>?F1BEC� 45F5<?@=5>D1<�4IC@<1C91�?6�D85�89@��1>4 3?>75>9D1<�D?BD93?<<9C��G8938
1B5�31EC54�2I�=5381>931<�6?B35C��5�7���@B?<?>754 2B5538�@B5C5>D1D9?>��ED5B9>5�3B?G49>7���*85
3?>CDB93D9?>�21>4�1>4�1ED?1=@ED1D9?> 1=>9?D93�21>4�CI>4B?=5 C55>�9>�D89C�@1D95>D�1B5�D85�B5CE<DC�?6
5HDB9>C93�6?B35��2ED�D85I�3?>CD9DED5�D85�2B51;4?G>�?6�@B5F9?EC<I�>?B=1<�D9CCE5�65D1<�D9CCE5�B1D85B�D81>
D85�619<EB5�?6�1�CDBE3DEB5�D?�45F5<?@�

B - Agenesis

Explanation Why

�75>5C9C 9C�1�=?B@8?75>5D93�5BB?B�9>�G8938�1>�?B71>�?B�CDBE3DEB5�619<C�D?�45F5<?@�1C�1�B5CE<D�?6�D85
12C5>35�?6�@B9=?B491<�D9CCE5���H1=@<5C�9>3<E45 175>5C9C ?6�D85 35B525<<1B�F5B=9C ��1>4I�-1<;5B
CI>4B?=5�� B5>1<�175>5C9C� D8IB?94�175>5C9C��1>4 $E<<5B91>�175>5C9C� �=>9?D93�21>4�CI>4B?=5 9C�>?D
31EC54�2I 175>5C9C�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
C - Disruption

Image

Explanation Why

�9CBE@D9?>��D85�31EC5�?6 1=>9?D93�21>4�CI>4B?=5��9C�1>�5=2BI?<?7931<�12>?B=1<9DI�9>�G8938�D85B5�9C
1�2B51;4?G>�?6�@B5F9?EC<I�>?B=1<�65D1<�D9CCE5��!> 1=>9?D93�21>4�CI>4B?=5��1�D51B�9>�D85 1=>9?> ?6
D85 1=>9?D93�C13 5H@?C5C�=E<D9@<5�<??C5�692B?EC�CDB1>4C�31<<54�1=>9?D93�21>4C��*85C5�21>4C�5>D1>7<5
1>4�3?>CDB93D�@1BDC�?6�D85�65DEC��31EC9>7�D85�2B51;4?G>�?6�CDBE3DEB5C�D81D�814�@B5F9?EC<I�45F5<?@54
>?B=1<<I��)5F5B5�3?>CDB93D9?>�31>�B5CE<D�9>�1ED?1=@ED1D9?>��1C�C55>�85B5�

D - Malformation

Explanation Why

� =1<6?B=1D9?> 9C�1�=?B@8?75>5D93�5BB?B�9>�G8938�1>�?B71>�?B�CDBE3DEB5�619<C�D?�45F5<?@�1C�1�B5CE<D�?6
1>�9>DB9>C93�49CBE@D9?>� $1<6?B=1D9?> DI@931<<I�?33EBC�4EB9>7 5=2BI?75>5C9C ��B4M�D8 G55;�?6

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
75CD1D9?>1<�175����> �B>?<4��891B9�=1<6?B=1D9?> 9C�1>�5H1=@<5�?6�CE38�1>�5BB?B� �=>9?D93�21>4
CI>4B?=5 9C�>?D�31EC54�2I�1 =1<6?B=1D9?>�

E - Aplasia

Explanation Why

�@<1C91 9C�1�=?B@8?75>5D93�5BB?B�9>�G8938�1>�?B71>�?B�CDBE3DEB5�619<C�D?�45F5<?@�45C@9D5�D85�@B5C5>35
?6�9DC�@B9=?B491<�D9CCE5���H1=@<5C�9>3<E45 3ED9C�1@<1C91 1>4 D8I=93 1@<1C91 9> �9�5?B75�CI>4B?=5�
�=>9?D93�21>4�CI>4B?=5 9C�>?D�31EC54�2I 1@<1C91�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 14

� ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>� 7B1F941��� @1B1����1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?>�9C�2B?E78D�D?�D85�5=5B75>3I�45@1BD=5>D


��41I 16D5B�D85�CE445>�?>C5D�?6�B978D�E@@5B�AE14B1>D�124?=9>1<�@19>��>1EC51��1>4�F?=9D9>7��)85�814
@B553<1=@C91�4EB9>7�85B�<1CD�@B57>1>3I��)85�C@5>D ��G55;C 9>�$I1>=1B ��=?>D8 17?��)85�1@@51BC�D9B54�
5B�D5=@5B1DEB5�9C ��K�������K����@E<C5�9C���� =9>��B5C@9B1D9?>C�1B5��� =9>��1>4 2<??4�@B5CCEB5�9C
��� ����==� 7� #12?B1D?BI�CDE495C�C8?G�

5=?7<?29> ����7 4#

'<1D5<5D�3?E>D ������ ==�

)5BE=

�<E3?C5��61CD9>7� ���=7 4#

*?D1<�29<9BE29> ����=7 4#

�C@1BD1D5�1=9>?DB1>C65B1C5���)*���&*� ����+ #

�<1>9>5�1=9>?DB1>C65B1C5���#*���'*� ����+ #

��@5B9@85B1<�2<??4�C=51B�9C�C8?G>��-8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�9C�D85�=?CD�<9;5<I�4917>?C9C�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Answer Image

� �##'�CI>4B?=5

� !==E>5�D8B?=2?3ID?@5>93�@EB@EB1

� 5@1D9D9C���9>653D9?>

� *8B?=2?D93�D8B?=2?3ID?@5>93�@EB@EB1

� �3ED5�61DDI�<9F5B�?6�@B57>1>3I

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*85 @5B9@85B1<�2<??4�C=51B C8?GC C389CD?3ID5C��G8938�1B5�6B17=5>DC�?6 B54�2<??4�35<<C 3B51D54�2I


85=?<IC9C�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - HELLP syndrome

Explanation Why

*89C�@1D95>D�81C 85=?<IC9C��5<5F1D54�<9F5B�5>JI=5C��1>4�<?G�@<1D5<5D�� �##'��CI>4B?=5��1


3?=@<931D9?>�?6 @B57>1>3I D81D�=?CD�3?==?><I�45F5<?@C�4EB9>7�D85 D89B4�DB9=5CD5B� �##'
CI>4B?=5 31EC5C�13ED5�?>C5D�124?=9>1< @19>��>1EC51��F?=9D9>7� 8I@5BD5>C9?>� 85=?<ID93�1>5=91�
D8B?=2?3ID?@5>91� 8I@5B29<9BE29>5=91��1>4 DB1>C1=9>9D9C��1C�C55>�9>�D89C�@1D95>D��!D�9C�3?>C945B54�1
F1B91>D�?B�3?=@<931D9?>�?6 @B553<1=@C91��$1>175=5>D�?6 �##'�CI>4B?=5 9>3<E45C�14=9>9CDB1D9?>
?6 =17>5C9E=�CE<61D5 �D?�@B5F5>D�=1D5B>1< C59JEB5C���=1D5B>1<�CD129<9J1D9?>��5�7���G9D8
1>D98I@5BD5>C9F5�D85B1@I���1>4�@B?=@D�45<9F5BI��96�@?CC92<5�

B - Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Explanation Why

!==E>5�D8B?=2?3ID?@5>93�@EB@EB1 �!*'��31>�31EC5 D8B?=2?3ID?@5>91 1>4�81C�1�89785B 9>3945>35


1=?>7�@1D95>DC�G8?�1B5�@B57>1>D�� ?G5F5B��9D�4?5C�>?D�DI@931<<I�31EC5�124?=9>1< @19>��>1EC51�
F?=9D9>7� 8I@5BD5>C9?>� 85=?<ID93�1>5=91� D8B?=2?3ID?@5>91� 8I@5B29<9BE29>5=91��?B DB1>C1=9>9D9C�
!*' 31>�B1B5<I�?33EB�9>�1CC?391D9?>�G9D8 1ED?9==E>5�85=?<ID93�1>5=91 ��F1>C�CI>4B?=5���2ED�D89C
3?>49D9?>�B5CE<DC�9> C@85B?3ID5C ?> @5B9@85B1<�2<??4�C=51B��>?D C389CD?3ID5C�

C - Hepatitis E infection

Explanation Why

5@1D9D9C�� 9>653D9?>�31>�31EC5�13ED5�?>C5D B978D�E@@5B�AE14B1>D @19>��>1EC51��F?=9D9>7�


8I@5B29<9BE29>5=91��1>4 DB1>C1=9>9D9C 1C�1�B5CE<D�?6�85@1D93�9>:EBI��G8938�9C�?6D5>�=?B5�C5F5B5�96�D85
9>653D9?>�?33EBC�4EB9>7�D85 D89B4�DB9=5CD5B ?6 @B57>1>3I��*89C�@1D95>D�C�89CD?BI�?6�B535>D�DB1F5<�D?
�C91��G85B5 85@1D9D9C�� 9>653D9?>�9C 5>45=93��6EBD85B�B19C5C�CEC@939?>�6?B�D89C�4917>?C9C�� ?G5F5B��9D
9C�E>3?==?>�6?B 85@1D9D9C�� 9>653D9?>�D?�31EC5 85=?<ID93�1>5=91 1>4 D8B?=2?3ID?@5>91��$?B5?F5B�
C5F5B5�9>653D9?>C�DI@931<<I�31EC5 65F5B 1>4 8I@?D5>C9?> �6B?= C5@C9C��B1D85B�D81>�C5F5B5 8I@5BD5>C9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
1C�C55>�9>�D89C�@1D95>D�

D - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Explanation Why

*8B?=2?D93�D8B?=2?3ID?@5>93�@EB@EB1 �**'��31>�31EC5�124?=9>1< @19>��>1EC51��F?=9D9>7�


85=?<ID93�1>5=91� D8B?=2?3ID?@5>91� 8I@5B29<9BE29>5=91��1>4 DB1>C1=9>9D9C�� ?G5F5B��D89C�3?>49D9?>
ECE1<<I�45F5<?@C�G9D8�C5F5B1<�41IC�?6�@B?7B5CC9F5�CI=@D?=C��9>�3?>DB1CD�D?�D89C�@1D95>D�C�CE445>�?>C5D
?6�CI=@D?=C��!>�1449D9?>��D85�C5BE= DB1>C1=9>1C5 3?>35>DB1D9?>C�1CC?391D54�G9D8 **' 1B5�>?D
DI@931<<I�1C�5<5F1D54�1C�D8?C5�9>�D89C�@1D95>D��$?B5?F5B��D89C�@1D95>D�4?5C�>?D�81F5�?D85B�DI@931<
=1>965CD1D9?>C�?6 **'��CE38�1C 65F5B 1>4�>5EB?<?793�CI=@D?=C��5�7���3?>6EC9?>� 85141385��6?31<
456939DC��

E - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Explanation Why

�3ED5�61DDI�<9F5B�?6�@B57>1>3I ���#'��=?CD�3?==?><I�?33EBC�4EB9>7�D85 D89B4�DB9=5CD5B 1>4�31>


31EC5�13ED5�?>C5D�124?=9>1< @19>��>1EC51��F?=9D9>7� 8I@5BD5>C9?>� 85=?<ID93�1>5=91�
D8B?=2?3ID?@5>91� 8I@5B29<9BE29>5=91��1>4 DB1>C1=9>9D9C�� ?G5F5B��D89C�@1D95>D�4?5C�>?D�81F5�?D85B
651DEB5C�?6 ��#' �5�7�� 8I@?7<I35=91� 5>35@81<?@1D8I���!>�1449D9?>� ��#' 4?5C�>?D�DI@931<<I�31EC5
C5F5B5 8I@5BD5>C9?>�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 15

� ���I51B�?<4 G?=1>� 7B1F941��� @1B1��� 1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?> 3?=5C�D?�D85�@8IC9391>�2531EC5�?6


49C3?=6?BD�4EB9>7�=93DEB9D9?>��CE@B1@E293�@19>��1>4�9>3B51C54�EB9>1BI�6B5AE5>3I�6?B�D85�<1CD ��41IC�� 5B
69BCD�@B57>1>3I�G1C�E>3?=@<931D54���EBB5>D�=54931D9?>C�9>3<E45�@B5>1D1<�F9D1=9>C�G9D8�6?<93�1394��)85
1@@51BC�E>3?=6?BD12<5�� 5B�F9D1<�C97>C�1B5�G9D89>�>?B=1<�<9=9DC���24?=9>1<�5H1=9>1D9?>�C8?GC�1�ED5BEC
3?>C9CD5>D�9>�C9J5�G9D8�1 ���G55; 75CD1D9?>�����B1=�CD19>�?6�1�EB9>5�C1=@<5�C8?GC�>?�?B71>9C=C��+B9>5
3E<DEB5�7B?GC Ureaplasma C@5395C��-8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7�9C�D85�=?CD�1@@B?@B91D5�DB51D=5>D�

Answer Image

� �?HI3I3<9>5

� �?C6?=I39>

� �=?H939<<9>

� �BID8B?=I39>

� #5F?6<?H139>

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*89C�4BE7�13DC�2I�29>49>7�D?�D85���) B(%� ?6�D85 ��) B92?C?=1< CE2E>9D�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Doxycycline

Explanation Why

*5DB13I3<9>5C��CE38�1C 4?HI3I3<9>5��1B5 213D5B9?CD1D93 1>D929?D93C D81D�29>4�D?�D85���) B92?C?=1<


CE2E>9D�1>4�1B5�56653D9F5�1719>CD Ureaplasma C@5395C�� ?G5F5B� D5DB13I3<9>5C 1B5�3?>DB19>4931D54
4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 2531EC5�?6�D859B D5B1D?75>93 56653D�

B - Fosfomycin

Explanation Why

�?C6?=I39> 9C�1 213D5B93941< 1>D929?D93 D81D�9C�56653D9F5�1719>CD�=?CD�?6�D85�213D5B91�D81D�31EC5 +*!�


9>3<E49>7 E. coli� S. saprophyticus� P. aeruginosa��1>4 Klebsiella C@@�� ?G5F5B� 6?C6?=I39> G?B;C
2I�2<?3;9>7�D85�6?B=1D9?>�?6 %�135DI<=EB1=93�1394��1�=1:?B�3?=@?>5>D�?6 @5@D94?7<I31> 213D5B91<
35<<�G1<<C� �?C6?=I39> 9C�D85B56?B5�9>56653D9F5�1719>CD Ureaplasma C@@���G8938�<13;�1 35<<�G1<<�

C - Amoxicillin

Explanation Why

�=9>?@5>939<<9>C��CE38�1C 1=?H939<<9>��1B5�56653D9F5�1719>CD�C?=5�?6�D85�3?==?>�31EC5C�?6 +*!�


9>3<E49>7 E. coli� Proteus C@@���1>4 Enterococcus C@@���1>4�D85I�1B5�C165�4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I�� ?G5F5B�
1=9>?@5>939<<9>C G?B;�2I�2<?3;9>7 @5@D94?7<I31> 3B?CC�<9>;9>7�1>4�9>8929D9>7 213D5B91<�35<<�G1<<
CI>D85C9C��C?�D85I�1B5�9>56653D9F5�1719>CD Ureaplasma C@@���G8938�<13;�1 35<<�G1<<�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
D - Erythromycin

Explanation Why

$13B?<945C��CE38�1C 5BID8B?=I39>��1B5�2B?14�C@53DBE= 213D5B9?CD1D93 1>D929?D93C D81D�G?B;�2I


9>8929D9>7�213D5B91< @B?D59>�CI>D85C9C��*85I�1B5�56653D9F5�1719>CD�213D5B91�G9D8?ED�1 35<<�G1<< CE38�1C
Ureaplasma C@@���5�7�� U. urealyticum��1>4 Mycoplasma C@@��1>4�1719>CD�213D5B91�G9D8�35<<�G1<<C�D81D
1B5�>?D�@B9=1B9<I�3?=@?C54�?6 @5@D94?7<I31>C �5�7�� Mycobacterium C@@�� Chlamydia C@@���
�>D929?D93C D81D�G?B;�2I�9>8929D9>7�D85�6?B=1D9?>�?6�1 @5@D94?7<I31> 35<<�G1<<��CE38�1C 25D1�<13D1=C�
7<I3?@5@D945C��1>4 6?C6?=I39>��G?E<4�>?D�25�56653D9F5�1719>CD�CE38�213D5B91� �J9D8B?=I39> 1>4�>?>�
5CD?<1D5�6?B=E<1D9?>C�?6 5BID8B?=I39> 1B5�C165�4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I�

E - Levofloxacin

Explanation Why

�<E?B?AE9>?<?>5C��CE38�1C <5F?6<?H139>��1B5 213D5B93941< 1>D929?D93C D81D�9>8929D�213D5B91<


D?@?9C?=5B1C5�!! 1>4�!,�1>4�1B5�56653D9F5�1719>CD Ureaplasma C@5395C. ?G5F5B� 6<E?B?AE9>?<?>5C
1B5�3?>DB19>4931D54�4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 2531EC5�?6�D859B D5B1D?75>93 56653D�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Question # 16

� ���I51B�?<4 @B9=97B1F94�G?=1>�1D ���G55;C� 75CD1D9?>�3?=5C�D?�D85�5=5B75>3I�45@1BD=5>D�2531EC5�?6


F179>1<�2<5549>7�1>4�CE@B1@E293�@19>�6?B�D85�<1CD ��8?EBC��)85�81C�>?�89CD?BI�?6�=54931<�9<<>5CC��)85
D1;5C�6?<93�1394�1>4�1�=E<D9F9D1=9>�CE@@<5=5>D��*85�@1D95>D�G?B;C�1C�1�@8IC9391>�9>�1�<?31<�3<9>93��)85
81C�>?�89CD?BI�?6�B535>D�DB1F5<� 5B�8EC21>4 G?B;C�1C�1�6<978D�1DD5>41>D�6?B�1>�9>D5B>1D9?>1<�19B<9>5�1>4
6B5AE5>D<I�DB1F5<C�D?�)?ED8��=5B931�1>4�)?ED851CD��C91��+<DB1C?>?7B1@8I�C8?GC�12C5>D�65D1<�31B4913
13D9F9DI�1>4�45D138=5>D�?6�D85�@<135>D1�6B?=�D85�ED5BEC���H1=9>1D9?>�?6�D85�CD9<<2?B>�65DEC�C8?GC
=93B?35@81<I����B5F5BC5�DB1>C3B9@D1C5�@?<I=5B1C5�3819>�B513D9?>�D5CD�?6�@<135>D1<�D9CCE5�3?>69B=C
9>653D9?>�G9D8�1�6<1F9F9BEC��-8938�?6�D85�6?<<?G9>7 =51CEB5C�4EB9>7�@B57>1>3I 9C�=?CD�<9;5<I�D?�81F5
@B5F5>D54�D89C�65DEC�C�3?>49D9?>�

Answer Image

� �F?949>7�3?>CE=@D9?>�?6�E>@1CD5EB9J54�419BI�@B?4E3DC

� +C5�?6�3?>4?=C

� �4=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6�3?=29>54�1>D9B5DB?F9B1<�D85B1@I

� �F?949>7�3?>CE=@D9?>�?6�E>45B3??;54�=51D

� �4=9>9CDB1D9?>�?6�F1339>5

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Hint

*85�61=9<I�?6 6<1F9F9BEC5C 9>3<E45C 1B2?F9BEC5C CE38�1C I5<<?G�65F5B�F9BEC� 45>7E5�F9BEC�


)D��#?E9C�5>35@81<9D9C�F9BEC� -5CD�%9<5�F9BEC��1>4 09;1�F9BEC�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
Correct Answer

A - Avoiding consumption of unpasteurized dairy products

Explanation Why

�F?949>7�D85�3?>CE=@D9?>�?6�E>@1CD5EB9J54�419BI�@B?4E3DC�B54E35C�D85�B9C;�?6�3?>DB13D9>7 Listeria
monocytogenes��G8938�31>�25�DB1>C=9DD54�D?�D85�65DEC�4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 1>4�9>3B51C5�D85�B9C;�?6
CD9<<29BD8�� ?G5F5B� L. monocytogenes 9>653D9?>�9>�D85�65DEC�G?E<4�DI@931<<I�31EC5 12C35CC 1>4
7B1>E<?=1C ?6�=E<D9@<5�?B71>C�9>3<E49>7�D85 C;9> �7B1>E<?=1D?C9C�9>61>D9C5@D931���G8938�81C�>?D�255>
B5@?BD54�85B5��$?B5?F5B� L. monocytogenes 9C�1�7B1=�@?C9D9F5 2139<<EC��>?D�1�F9BEC��!>653D9?>�G9D8�D85
F9BEC�D81D�31EC54�D89C�65DEC�C�3?>49D9?>�3?E<4�>?D�81F5�255>�@B5F5>D54�2I�1F?949>7�E>@1CD5EB9J54
419BI�@B?4E3DC�

B - Use of condoms

Explanation Why

09;1�F9BEC 9C�DB1>C=9DD54�2I�D85 Aedes aegypti =?CAE9D?�9> 5>45=93 B579?>C��5�7���)?ED8��=5B931�


)?ED851CD��C91���+><9;5�?D85B 1B2?F9BEC5C D81D�1B5�?><I�DB1>C=9DD54�2I�1> 1BD8B?@?4 F53D?B��D85 09;1
F9BEC 31>�1<C?�25�C5HE1<<I�DB1>C=9DD54��*85�@1D95>D�C�8EC21>4�=?CD�<9;5<I�13AE9B54�D85�9>653D9?>
4EB9>7�89C�DB1F5<�D?�1> 5>45=93 B579?>�1>4�CE2C5AE5>D<I�DB1>C=9DD54�9D�D?�D85�@1D95>D�F91�C5HE1<
9>D5B3?EBC5��$?CD�@1D95>DC�G9D8 09;1�F9BEC�9>653D9?> B5=19>�1CI=@D?=1D93�� ?G5F5B��9>�@B57>1>D
G?=5>� 09;1�F9BEC 31>�25�DB1>C=9DD54�DB1>C@<135>D1<<I�D?�D85�65DEC�1>4�31EC5 =93B?35@81<I 1>4 ?B
CD9<<29BD8��1C�C55>�85B5��!>49F94E1<C�G8?�81F5�DB1F5<54�D? 5>45=93 B579?>C�C8?E<4�EC5 21BB95B
3?>DB135@D9?> ?B�12CD19>�6B?=�C5H�6?B�1D�<51CD���=?>D8C�6?B�G?=5>�1>4���=?>D8C�6?B�=5>��D85�F9BEC
@5BC9CDC�9>�C5=5>�6?B�1�<?>75B�@5B9?4�?6�D9=5���!>�D85�31C5�?6 @B57>1>3I��2?D8�@1BD>5BC�C8?E<4�EC5
3?>DB135@D9?> ?B�12CD19>�6B?=�C5H�6?B�D85�5>D9B5 @B57>1>3I�

C - Administration of combined antiretroviral therapy

Explanation Why

�?=29>54�1>D9B5DB?F9B1<�DB51D=5>D�9C�9>4931D54�9>�@B57>1>D�G?=5>�G9D8 !, 9>653D9?>�1>4�1�8978

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
F9B1<�<?14��L����3?@95C =#��9>�?B45B�D?�@B5F5>D�D85�B9C;�?6 F5BD931<�DB1>C=9CC9?> 6B?=�=?D85B�D?�65DEC�
!,���9>653D9?>�81C�1<C?�255>�B5@?BD54�D?�31EC5 CD9<<29BD8 1>4 =93B?35@81<I�� ?G5F5B� !, 9C�1
B5DB?F9BEC��>?D�1 6<1F9F9BEC��!>653D9?>�G9D8�D85 6<1F9F9BEC D81D�31EC54�D89C�65DEC�C�3?>49D9?>�3?E<4�>?D
81F5�255>�@B5F5>D54�G9D8 1>D9B5DB?F9B1<�D85B1@I�

D - Avoiding consumption of undercooked meat

Explanation Why

�F?949>7�D85�3?>CE=@D9?>�?6�E>45B3??;54�=51D�B54E35C�D85�B9C;�?6�3?>DB13D9>7 D?H?@<1C=?C9C��G8938
31>�25�DB1>C=9DD54�D?�D85�65DEC�4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I 1>4�9>3B51C5C�D85�B9C;�?6 C@?>D1>5?EC�12?BD9?> 1>4
=93B?35@81<I��G8938�9C�C55>�85B5�� ?G5F5B� D?H?@<1C=?C9C 9C�31EC54�2I�D85 @B?D?J?1 Toxoplasma
gondii��>?D�2I�1�F9BEC��!>653D9?>�G9D8�D85�F9BEC�D81D�31EC54�D89C�65DEC�C�3?>49D9?>�3?E<4�>?D�81F5�255>
@B5F5>D54�2I�1F?949>7�E>45B3??;54�=51D�

E - Administration of vaccine

Explanation Why

*85B5�9C�3EBB5>D<I�>? F1339>1D9?> 1719>CD�D85 6<1F9F9BEC D81D�31EC54�D89C�65DEC�C�3?>49D9?>� /5<<?G


65F5B�F9BEC��G8938�9C�1�=?CAE9D?�2?B>5 6<1F9F9BEC 5>45=93 D?�)?ED8��=5B931��31>�25�@B5F5>D54�2I
F1339>1D9?> 2ED I5<<?G�65F5B =1>965CDC�G9D8 85=?BB81793�65F5B��1>4 F5BD931<�DB1>C=9CC9?> D?�D85�65DEC
9C�B1B5��$?B5?F5B� I5<<?G�65F5B 31>�?><I�25�3?>DB13D54�2I�DB1F5<9>7�D?�D85 5>45=93 B579?>��D85
@1D95>D�C�8EC21>4��>?D�D85�@1D95>D��DB1F5<54�D?�1> 5>45=93 B579?>� �?>75>9D1<�BE25<<1��1 *&(�
9>653D9?> D81D�31>�31EC5 CD9<<29BD8 1>4 =93B?35@81<I��31>�25�@B5F5>D54�G9D8�$$( F1339>1D9?> 2ED�D85
BE25<<1�F9BEC 9C�1 D?71F9BEC��>?D�1 6<1F9F9BEC���EBD85B=?B5� <9F5�1DD5>E1D54�F1339>5C CE38�1C I5<<?G
65F5B�F1339>5 1>4 $$(�F1339>5 31>>?D�25�14=9>9CD5B54�4EB9>7 @B57>1>3I�

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss
USMLEAmboss
USMLE e e r m h nne s
Me est i e s: https://t.me/USMLEMe est

K p n ssr m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEK p n

USMLE i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE Step

e ker i e s: https://t.me/USMLE e ker

r s e n i e s Step : https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n

r s e n i e s Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r sAn e n Step K

Ph se i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPh se

Pi ri e i e s: https://t.me/USMLEPi ri e

P th m i e s: https://t.me/USMLEP th m

nA i s i h it : https://t.me/USMLE nA i s

Am ss r p: https://t.me/USMLEAm ss

Le t ri nk: https://t.me/USMLELe t ri

En p int P s: https://t.me/USMLEEn p int

USMLE MEs: https://t.me/USMLE ME

L E Me E : https://t.me/USMLE n ineMe E

USMLE r Step : https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE r Step K: https://t.me/USMLE r Step K

USMLE r Step nk: https://t.me/USMLE r Step

USMLE Anki: https://t.me/USMLEAnki

KissPrep: https://t.me/USMLEKissPrep

https://t.me/USMLEAmboss https://t.me/USMLEAmboss

You might also like