I.

INTRODUCTION

A. BRIEF BACKGROUND

Adolescents all over the world experience depression as a prevalent mental health issue.

Investigating the prevalence, co-morbidity, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic correlates of

depression and depressive symptoms, as well as the utilization of pertinent health services in a

sample of teenagers, were the goals of the current study. Depression is a prevalent mental

illness. According to estimates, the condition affects 5% of adults worldwide. Consistent sorrow

and a lack of interest in formerly fulfilling or joyful activities are its defining traits. Additionally, it

may impair appetite and sleep. Concentration problems and fatigue are frequent. The largest

cause of disability in the world today is depression, which also significantly increases the burden

of sickness on the planet. A person's capacity to function and lead a fulfilling life can be

significantly affected by the consequences of depression, which can be long-lasting or recurrent.

Complex connections between social, psychological, and biological factors are among the

causes of depression. Childhood hardship, loss, and unemployment are all factors that can

contribute to and/or hasten the onset of depression. There are medication-based and

psychological therapies for depression. However, depression treatment and support services are

frequently lacking or undeveloped in low- and middle-income nations. More than 75% of those

in these nations who have mental illnesses are thought to not be receiving treatment. A

frequent mental health problem called anxiety is characterized by excessive and enduring

sensations of fear, concern, and dread. Although it is generally accepted that this is a typical

response to stress or dangerous circumstances, if it persists or interferes with daily living, a

diagnosis of an anxiety disorder may be made. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic
disorder, social anxiety disorder (SAD), particular phobias, and separation anxiety disorder are

only a few of the several types of anxiety disorders. Although each variety has distinct

characteristics of its own, they are all characterized by extreme and uncontrollable anxiety.

There are many different ways that anxiety can appear, both physically and mentally. Rapid

heartbeat, shaking, sweating, shortness of breath, muscle tension, and digestive issues are a

few examples of physical symptoms. Individuals with anxiety frequently experience emotional

restlessness, irritability, trouble focusing, sleep difficulties, and a pervasive sense of dread.

Although the precise origins of anxiety disorders are not entirely understood, a mix of genetic,

environmental, and psychological variables are most likely to be at play. Anxiety disorders are

thought to be influenced by traumatic experiences, ongoing stress, a familial history of anxiety,

and chemical imbalances in the brain. The most effective treatment for anxiety often combines

therapy and medication. A popular form of psychotherapy that aids in identifying and changing

unfavorable thought and behavior patterns linked to anxiety is cognitive-behavioral therapy

(CBT). To treat symptoms, doctors may also prescribe drugs like benzodiazepines and selective

serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It's important to remember that anxiety is a very treatable

condition, and people with anxiety disorders can live happy, meaningful lives with the correct

support and interventions. For a precise diagnosis, treatment planning, and continuing support,

consulting a mental health expert is essential.

B. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments of depression and anxiety is the

main goal of research on these mental health issues. The quality of life, relationships, and

capacity to carry out everyday tasks can all be significantly impacted by the complex and varied

diseases of depression and anxiety. Identification of the biological, psychological, and

environmental components that contribute to the emergence and maintenance of depression

and anxiety is a goal of research in these fields. They might look into how social support, life

events, genetics, and brain chemistry all play a part in the emergence of depression and anxiety.

Researchers also aim to create and test efficient antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications.

These therapies may be individualized to meet the specific needs of the patient and may include

medication, psychotherapy, or other interventions. Overall, the purpose of studying depression

and anxiety is to increase our understanding of these diseases and to develop more effective

ways for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

C. SIGNIFANCE OF THE STUDY

The study of depression places a strong emphasis on neuroscience, which better reflects

the fundamental traits of depression as a class of mental illness and the fact that it plays a

significant role in human public health care. Our survival depends on the normal response of

anxiety. Our bodies are geared up to either confront or flee danger as a result of anxiety. In

addition to motivating us to act, anxiety may also provide a mild thrill, such as when we ride a
roller coaster or participate in a fast-paced competitive game. Anxiety can do both of these

things. If we were incapable of feeling fear, our world would be more perilous. It's crucial to

research anxiety in people of all ages, including children and teenagers. The treatments that are

effective for adults may not necessarily be as effective with teens or youngsters due to

differences in neurological and social development. We can better target treatments for these

various developmental phases by identifying the differences between anxious adults and

anxious youth. Children who exhibit anxiety symptoms at a young age may be more likely to

continue these problems into adulthood, and research on childhood anxiety allows us to study

"early intervention" options The main factor contributing to disability worldwide is depression.

Major depressive disorder (MDD), another name for depression, is a prevalent condition that

results in a lingering sense of despair. Depression has extraordinarily significant psychological,

societal, and economic consequences and affects people of all ages, races, and socioeconomic

levels. Suicide due to depression is a significant cause of death, particularly in young people,

D. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Anxiety is a state of disquiet that can range from mild to severe and include concern or

fear. Everyone has anxiety from time to time in their lives. For instance, you can experience

anxiety and worry prior to an exam or a job interview. Depression is a prevalent mental illness.

According to estimates, the condition affects 5% of adults worldwide. Consistent sorrow and a

lack of interest in formerly fulfilling or joyful activities are its defining traits. Additionally, it may

impair appetite and sleep. Concentration problems and fatigue are frequent. The largest cause
of disability in the world today is depression, which also significantly increases the burden of

sickness on the planet. A person's capacity to function and lead a fulfilling life can be

significantly affected by the consequences of depression, which can be long-lasting or recurrent.

Complex connections between social, psychological, and biological factors are among the

causes of depression. Childhood hardship, loss, and unemployment are all factors that can

contribute to and/or hasten the onset of depression. There are medication-based and

psychological therapies for depression. However, depression treatment and support services are

frequently lacking or undeveloped in low- and middle-income nations. More than 75% of those

in these nations who have mental illnesses are thought to not be receiving treatment.

a) What is Depression?

b) What is Anxiety?

c) What is the effect of depression and anxiety?

d) What is the cause of depression and anxiety?

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Two prevalent mental health conditions that have a major negative impact on people's

wellbeing and quality of life are depression and anxiety. The goal of this literature review is to

present a summary of the most important results, patterns, and therapeutic strategies from the

most recent research on depression and anxiety. Possibility and Comorbidity: Numerous studies

have shown that depression and anxiety are very common, and estimates suggest that millions of

individuals worldwide suffer from these diseases. Additionally, research has consistently shown

a correlation between depression and anxiety, showing that people with one condition have a

higher chance of developing the other. Neuroscience-Based Mechanisms: In order to better

understand the underlying causes of sadness and anxiety, neurobiological research has made

considerable advancements. Studies have revealed changes in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex,

and hippocampus, three areas of the brain involved in emotion control. These illnesses have also

been linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation, particularly in the cases of serotonin,

norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Social and psychological influences:

The onset and persistence of depression and anxiety are strongly influenced by psychological

and social factors. Cognitive theories identify cognitive biases, unfavorable self-perceptions, and

dysfunctional thought patterns as contributory elements. Social elements, such as interpersonal

interactions, stigma, and social support, have an impact on how depressive and anxious people

feel. Treatment Methods: For depression and anxiety, there are numerous treatment options,

including medication, psychotherapy, and a combination of the two. Antidepressant drugs

including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake

inhibitors (SNRIs) are frequently recommended. Interpersonal therapy, mindfulness-based

therapies, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) have all shown promise in easing symptoms

and enhancing general functioning. Developing Trends: Several new developments in the field of

depression and anxiety have been the subject of recent research. Among these are the

incorporation of digital mental health interventions and technology, the significance of

immunological dysregulation and inflammation in psychiatric diseases, and the examination of

cutting-edge therapeutic modalities like ketamine infusion therapy and transcranial magnetic

stimulation (TMS). Both people and society as a whole are significantly impacted by the

complex and multidimensional disorders of depression and anxiety. Our comprehension of the

underlying mechanisms, risk factors, and available treatments is being improved by ongoing

study. Healthcare practitioners can better meet the needs of people with depression and anxiety

by adopting a holistic and multidisciplinary approach, enhancing their general wellbeing and

quality of life.

According to Aaron Beck (2020-present), who was first trained as a psychiatrist and

subsequently as a psychoanalyst, lost interest in psychoanalysis early in his career while

researching Freud's theory of depression. He started constructing a cognitive theory of

depression in the beginning of 2019 and applied it to psychotherapy, calling the method

cognitive therapy and then cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) afterwards. The latter has

increasingly gained popularity as the most widely used type of psychotherapy in the world and

has been successfully used to treat a variety of diseases, including anxiety disorders, personality

disorders, and depression. As side by The Cognitive Therapy, which subsequently became
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), was created by prominent American psychiatrist and

psychotherapist Aaron Beck. His work has had a profound influence on psychology and the

treatment of mental illness. Since my knowledge is based on data up to September 2021, I don't

have access to any exact quotes from Aaron Beck, but I can give you an overview of his major

ideas and contributions. The focus of cognitive therapy developed by Aaron Beck is on how our

thoughts and beliefs affect our emotions and behavior. He suggested that people form distorted

or unreasonable cognitive beliefs that aggravate psychological discomfort. Individuals can

change their thought patterns and experience by recognizing and addressing these misguided

thoughts. The idea of schemas, which are cognitive frameworks or underlying principles formed

early in life, was also proposed by Beck. Our perception and interpretation of information are

shaped by these schemas, and when they are negative or maladaptive, they can cause emotional

problems. In order to encourage good transformation, cognitive therapy seeks to recognize and

alter these harmful beliefs. Additionally, according to Beck's cognitive model, our thoughts,

emotions, behaviors, and bodily reactions are linked and have an impact on one another. People

can improve their emotional and behavioral reactions by focusing on and changing unhelpful

thoughts. Despite the fact that I may give general information on Aaron Beck and his work, any

specific quotes or assertions must be confirmed by trustworthy sources.

II. 2.0 BODY

WHAT IS DEPRESSION?

Depression is a psychological condition. health condition marked by enduring dejection,

hopelessness, and a lack of enthusiasm for or enjoyment from activities. It goes much beyond

passing melancholy or a typical emotional reaction to difficulties in life. A person's ideas,

feelings, behavior, and general well-being can all be profoundly impacted by depression. This is

a familiar start to many a scholarly publication on depression: "Depression is a common,

debilitating, and potentially fatal disorder." And some really gloomy facts are frequently

presented after it. Depression is thought to affect over 300 million people worldwide, and

according to the WHO, it is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The likelihood of suicide

is up to 30 times higher in teenagers with major depressive disorder, which is particularly

concerning. What, though, is depression exactly? Is the cause of the 300 million depressed

people worldwide the same, with the same aetiology? Is depression a single condition with

varying degrees of severity, or is it better to think of it as a diverse group of issues that we have

given a single common term to? And more practically, should we approach all forms of

depression in the same manner? The main factor contributing to disability worldwide is

depression. It may also cause extreme fatigue, frequent headaches and stomachaches, aches in

the muscles and joints, disturbed sleep, changes in appetite, and considerable weight loss or gain.

Major depressive illness affects the lives of two out of every five kids and teenagers who have it.

The following are typical signs of depression:

1. Constant melancholy or a bad mood.

2. Loss of enjoyment or interest in once-enjoyed activities.

3. Feelings of guilt, shame, or self-blame.

4. A lack of energy or fatigue.

5. Inability to focus, make choices, or recall information.

6. Changes (either an increase or decrease) in appetite and weight. sleeplessness or excessive

sleeping disorders.

7. Moving slowly or with agitation.

8. Recurring ideas of suicide or death. Everyone experiences depression differently, and not

everyone will present with the same symptoms.

This is a crucial point to remember. Along with their emotional symptoms, some people

may also have physical symptoms including headaches or intestinal problems. From mild to

moderate to severe, depression can range in severity. A frequent type of depression that often

lasts for weeks to months is known as major depressive disorder (MDD). Seasonal affective

disorder (SAD), postpartum depression, persistent depressive illness (dysthymia), and bipolar

disorder (which features alternating episodes of depression and mania) are some other forms of

depression. There are many different variables that might contribute to depression, including

genetic, biochemical, environmental, and psychological ones. Events in life like trauma, loss, or

major changes can also cause or be a trigger for depression. It's important to understand that

depression can be treated, and getting expert assistance is essential for successful treatment and

recovery. Depending on the needs of the patient, treatment options may include therapy (such as

cognitive-behavioral therapy), medication, or a combination of the two.

WHAT IS ANXIETY?

Robert Ursano, Jason Prenoveau, Daniel S. Pine, Richard E. Zinbarg, Scott L. Rauch,

Michelle G. Craske Focus 9 (3), 369-388, 2011 This review, which was started as part of the
ongoing discussion about the nosological structure of the DSM, aims to determine whether fear

disorders and anxious-misery disorders differ from anxiety disorders in any way that

distinguishes them from one another. The review discusses self-reports of symptoms as well as

online measures of behavioral, physiological, cognitive, and brain responses to unpleasant

stimuli. According to the data, self-reported anxiety and fear symptoms, increased anxiety and

fear responses to cues that signal threat, cues that signal no threat, cues that once signaled threat,

and contexts associated with threat, increased stress reactivity to aversive stimuli, attentional

biases to threat-relevant stimuli and threat-based appraisals of ambiguous stimuli, and increased

amygdala responses to threat-relevant stimuli are shared by anxiety disorders. There are some

variations among anxiety disorders as well as between anxiety and depressive disorders. The

distinctions, however, are not entirely consistent with hypothesized categories of anxiety

disorders into fear disorders and anxious misery disorders, and comparison data are largely

missing. Given the high rates of co-morbidity, dimensional techniques will be necessary to

increase our knowledge of the aspects of responding that are common to both anxiety and

depressive illnesses vs those that are exclusive to them. In conclusion, the data currently

available serve to clarify the response characteristics that are common to anxiety disorders but

are insufficient to support changes to the DSM nosology at this time. Extreme and constant

worry that interferes with day-to-day activities is known as anxiety. Symptoms of anxiety

include panic attacks, physical reactions to dread, and attempts to avoid the issue. Even though

it's normal for kids to feel anxious in some circumstances, some kids have anxiety levels that are

excessive for their age and stage of development, which can prevent them from participating in

school or other activities or limit their ability to do what other kids and teenagers their age do.

Anxiety disorders affect about half of all children with mental illnesses. Anxiety is a typical
response to stress and in some circumstances, it can be helpful. It can warn us about potential

threats and assist with planning and attention. When anxiety disorders are present, there is

excessive dread or anxiety as opposed to the normal feelings of apprehension or anxiety.

Nearly 30% of adults experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives, making it the

most prevalent of all mental disorders. However, there are a variety of efficient therapies for

anxiety disorders. The majority of people who receive treatment are able to lead normal,

fulfilling lives. Anxiety is the expectation of a future worry and is more frequently accompanied

with muscle tension and avoidance behavior. Fear is an emotional reaction to an impending

threat and is more often related to a fight-or-flight response, when one either stays to fight or

flees from danger. People with anxiety disorders may attempt to avoid circumstances that worsen

or trigger their symptoms. Work performance, academic progress, and interpersonal relationships

may all be impacted. To be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, a person's dread or anxiety

typically must:

• Be improper for the context or out of proportion to it

• Impair capacity to conduct normal activities

•Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, particular phobias, agoraphobia, social anxiety

disorder, and separation anxiety disorder are a few of the several types of anxiety disorders.

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY?

A person's mental health, physical health, relationships, and daily functioning can all suffer

as a result of depression and anxiety. Feelings of melancholy, hopelessness, and loss of interest

in past interests are all symptoms of depression. Lack of energy and drive, trouble sleeping or
oversleeping, changes in appetite, and trouble focusing are all possible effects. Physical signs of

depression might include headaches, aches in the muscles, and digestive issues. Excessive

concern, fear, and unease about ordinary circumstances can be caused by anxiety. Physical

manifestations such a racing heartbeat, shaking, sweating, and shortness of breath are possible.

Anxiety can make it difficult for a person to function and enjoy life, and it can cause them to

avoid particular circumstances. Relationships with friends, family, and coworkers can suffer

when a person is depressed or anxious.

They may result in social retreat, loneliness, and communication problems with others.

Additionally, depression and anxiety can affect how well someone performs at work or at school,

which can result in problems focusing and decreased productivity. Children who exhibit anxiety

symptoms at a young age may be more likely to continue these problems into adulthood, and

research on childhood anxiety allows us to study "early intervention" options It's critical to get

help if you're struggling with depression or anxiety. Therapy, medication, and dietary changes

are all possible forms of treatment. People can overcome depression and anxiety and enhance

their general well-being with the proper care.

Almost everyone goes through periods of anxiety or despair at some point in their lives.

Anxiety can be a normal "fight or flight" reaction under the right conditions, assisting you in

navigating a dangerous or stressful scenario with greater caution or care. Additionally, when

confronted with challenging, life-altering situations, it's normal to feel lonely, depressed, or

uninterested. In contrast, anxiety becomes a mental health condition when it significantly

interferes with daily life and is accompanied by overpowering emotions of despair or

emptiness.Anxiety disorders, which affect 40 million Americans or about 20% of the adult

population, are the most prevalent type of mental illness in the country. Nearly half of persons

with an anxiety condition also have some form of depressive disorder, showing how frequently

anxiety and depression coexist. Your mental and physical health may suffer significantly if you

live with depression and anxiety untreated. Researchers have found how depression and anxiety

impact the body, either by escalating current health issues or by triggering the emergence of

serious issues. Physical health issues like weight, persistent discomfort, and insomnia can

develop as a result of depression. Depression as a mood disorder has a major and detrimental

impact on how you feel, think, and act. People who suffer from depression frequently discover

that it makes it difficult for them to complete chores and go about their daily lives. Although no

single underlying cause of sadness has been identified, scientists do know that brain chemistry,

hormonal abnormalities, and genetic factors frequently play a role. Although there is still much

to understand about the biology of depression, it is known that untreated depressive disorders can

have a serious negative impact on both your psychological and physical health. The

modifications the illness makes to the brain are probably what lead to the physical symptoms of

depression. Your pain threshold, for example, may change as a result of neurotransmitters like

serotonin, making you more susceptible to pain. Nearly half of depressed individuals experience

sex-related problems, which may be explained by the fact that serotonin also affects sleep and

sex drive.

•Feeling anxious, tense, or unable to unwind a feeling of dread or apprehension of the worst.

•Having the impression that time is passing more quickly or slowly.

•Sense that others are staring at you and can tell that you're nervous.
•Sense that you can't stop worrying or that if you stop worrying, horrible things will happen.

•Worrying about anxiety in general, such as worrying about potential panic episodes needing

constant confirmation from others or being concerned that others are upset or angry with you.

•Apprehension that you're drifting from reality.

•Despair and a bad mood.

•Rumination is the act of repeatedly.

•Reflecting on or thinking about unpleasant events or circumstances.

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY?

An array of different circumstances can contribute to the development of the complicated

mental health illnesses depression and anxiety. Biological Factors: Depression and anxiety have

been linked to abnormalities in brain chemistry and the way that some neurotransmitters, such

serotonin and norepinephrine, work. Given that many illnesses may run in families, genetics and

family history may also be important factors. Environmental Factors: Stressful life events, such

losing a loved one, struggling financially, having a difficult time in a relationship, or

experiencing trauma, can cause or hasten the onset of depression and anxiety. Chronic disease or

ongoing stress from the workplace might also play a role. Personality traits: People who have

low self-esteem, are too critical of themselves, or have a pessimistic view are more likely to

experience depression and anxiety. Social factors: Feelings of sadness and anxiety may be

influenced by social isolation, a lack of social support, or encountering discrimination. Living in

a low socioeconomic area or having limited access to healthcare resources might also be

contributing factors. Medical diseases: Depression and anxiety can be accompanied by a number

of medical diseases, including chronic pain, hormonal imbalances, thyroid abnormalities, or

neurological conditions. Substance addiction: Both the cause and the effect of sadness and

anxiety can be attributed to alcohol and drug addiction.

Abuse of substances can exacerbate symptoms and raise the chance of developing certain

mental health issues. It's crucial to keep in mind that depression and anxiety frequently have

intricate and connected causes. Individual experiences can differ, so it's best to speak with a

mental health expert who can conduct a thorough assessment and make tailored therapy

suggestions based on your particular circumstances. In terms of psychiatric nosology and

therapies, anxiety and depression have a long and intimate relationship together. Both

individually and collectively, there are very high rates of comorbidity between serious

depression and anxiety disorders. Large-scale epidemiologic survey analyses have revealed

significant phenomenological overlap between these disorders. Researchers have investigated the

possibility that this connection is based on shared genetic etiologies.

Generally speaking, family studies that are now accessible have revealed conflicting

evidence for the co-aggregation of anxiety and depressive illnesses, whereas twin studies more

conclusively show that shared genetic risk factors account for the majority of this comorbidity.

The genetic variance in personality traits that are generally predisposed to anxiety and depression

seems to account for some of this. Although it is still too earl y to make clear conclusions from

molecular genetic studies of these disorders, they have so far tentatively supported the existence

of several genetic loci that may, in general, increase susceptibility throughout the anxiety-

depressive spectrum.
 A prolonged sense of sadness and a loss of interest in things and activities you once found

enjoyable are symptoms of the mood disorder depression. Additionally, it may make it difficult

to think, remember, eat, and sleep. It's common to experience sadness or lament about trying

circumstances in life, such as losing your job or getting divorced. Depression, on the other hand,

differs in that it lasts for at least two weeks and encompasses more symptoms than just

melancholy.

Depressive illnesses can take many different forms. The most severe form of depression is

known as clinical depression, sometimes known as major depressive disorder or just

"depression."

Depression may worsen and last longer if left untreated. In extreme circumstances, it may

result in suicide or self-harm. The good news is that symptoms can often be significantly

improved by therapies. Since everyone experiences anxiety differently, it can be challenging to

pinpoint the precise root of the problem. There are probably several variables at play. Childhood,

adolescence, or adulthood traumatic experiences are frequently the start of anxiety disorders.

Being subjected to stress and trauma when you're very young is probably going to have a

significant effect.

Experiences like the following can lead to anxiety issues:

•Previous or early experiences

•The state of your life right now

• Issues with physical and emotional health

•Medications and narcotics

•Moral or physical abuse

•Neglect loss of a parent

•Experiencing bullying or social exclusion encountering racism.

IV. SUMMARY

Comorbid depression and anxiety disorders occur in up to 25% of general practice patients.

About 85% of patients with depression have significant anxiety and 90% of patients with anxiety

disorder have depression. Symptomatology may initially seem vague and non-specific. A careful

history and examination with relevant investigations should be used to make the diagnosis.

Once the diagnosis is made, rating scales may identify illness severity and help in monitoring

treatment progress. Both the depression disorder and the specific anxiety disorder require

appropriate treatment. Psychological therapies, such as cognitive behaviour therapy, and

antidepressants, occasionally augmented with antipsychotics, have proven benefit for treating
both depression and anxiety. Benzodiazepines may help alleviate insomnia and anxiety but not

depression. They have dependency and withdrawal issues for some people, and may increase

the risk of falls in older people. Despite the availability of treatments, 40% of patients with

depression or anxiety do not seek treatment, and of those who do, less than half are offered

beneficial treatment.

V. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Anxiety is a typical but incredibly personal human emotion. Although

some anxiety is healthy and adaptive, millions of people might experience excruciating agony as

a result of anxiety. This article included a summary of the causes and practical applications of

typical anxiety while approaching the subject from a biopsychosocial angle. We discussed the

biological, psychological, and social elements that play a role in the development and upkeep of

(pathological) anxiety disorders. We studied the numerous anxiety illnesses, theories, and
related therapies.The scientific basis for treating anxiety disorders is strong and is supported by

studies conducted by professionals in a wide range of disciplines. Countless brave people have

recovered their health, improved their functioning, and are now living immensely gratifying

lives. Although depression is one of the most prevalent illnesses in primary care, it is frequently

not detected, diagnosed, or treated. When untreated, depression has a high prevalence of

morbidity and mortality. The majority of depressed people report anhedonia or nebulous,

unexplained symptoms rather than feeling depressed. Every doctor needs to be on the lookout

for depression in their patients. There are various useful and practical depression screening

methods that can be used in primary care settings. Depression can lead to move severe

problems such as other mental illnesses,self harm,and suicide. It is important to remember that

depression is a treatable illness,and if you think that you may be clinically depressed that you

seek and get the help that you need.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I acknowledge that anxiety is a real and valid experience that affects many people,

including myself. I am aware that anxiety can manifest itself in many different ways, such as

racing thoughts, unsettling physical feelings, and unease. By acknowledging my anxiety and

actively attempting to comprehend and cure it, I am supporting my own experiences and

feelings. I am aware that experiencing anxiety is a common response to specific situations or

difficulties rather than a sign of weakness or failure. I'm committed to understanding anxiety

better, seeking out support when necessary, and developing powerful coping methods to get

through it.By accepting my anxiety, I am empowering myself to take charge of my mental health

and make progress toward a happier, more contented life. In order to effectively manage your

depression, you must first accept that it exists. Acknowledging and accepting your emotions

might help you realize that what you're going through is real and that you're not alone. It's

important to remember that depression is a complex disorder that can be caused by many

different things, including genetics, brain chemistry, life experiences, or other medical disorders.

It does not indicate personal inadequacy or failure. If you're depressed, it's crucial to get

medical help from a doctor or mental health therapist.

DEDICATION

I dedicate this to all persons who face anxiety and depression because it affects those

people's mental diseases, not only students who experience it. Regardless of age or profession,

anxiety and sadness can have a serious effect on a person's mental health. It's important to

understand that these disorders can affect anyone and that those who are affected by them
depend on support and understanding. It's critical to get professional assistance from a mental

health professional if you or someone you love is dealing with anxiety or despair. They are able

to offer direction, counseling, and, if required, medication to control and treat the symptoms.In

addition, having a solid network of friends, family, and peers can be extremely helpful for

fostering empathy and support during trying times. Remember that self-care and wellbeing

must come first because they are equally crucial to physical and mental health. The key to

properly managing anxiety and depression is to do things that make you happy, practice

relaxation techniques, lead a balanced lifestyle, and ask for help when you need it. There is

hope for a better future, and you are not alone in your experiences. Maintain your resolve and

keep in mind that there are tools at your disposal to assist you in overcoming these obstacles.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
A. Background of the study…………………………………………………………………….……. 6
B. Objective of the study…..……………………………………………………………………...... 8
C. Significance of the study………………………………………………………………………..… 8
 D. Statement of the problem……………………………………………………………………….. 9
II. REVIEW OF THE RELEATED LITERARURE………………………………………………..………… 11
II. 2.0 BODY…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…... 14
A. WHAT IS DEPPRESION…………………............................................................. 14
B. WHAT IS ANXIETY……….………………..………………………………………………..……….. 16
C. WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF DEPRESSION AND

ANXIETY…………………………………… 18

D. WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF DEPRESSION AND

ANXIETY?....................................... 20

III. SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24

IV. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 25
V. REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY…..………………………………………………………………….…. 26

DEPPRESSION AND ANXIETY

 A Research Paper Presented To :
Mr. Saldy L . Molina

In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements in

English 10

Presented By :
Ma. Clarrise Manuel
Alyssa Martin

School Year 2022 - 2023